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Qin BF, Zhang JJ, Feng QY, Guo X, Sun HM, Song J. Specnuezhenide ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via regulating SIRT6-Mediated inflammatory signaling cascades. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118646. [PMID: 39097210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton is a traditional Chinese medicine that has long been used with high hepatoprotective therapeutic and condition value. Specnuezhenide (SP), the standard prominent secoiridoid compound of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi may ameliorate hepatic inflammation in chronic liver diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Regulating inflammation through SIRT6-P2X7R axis has caused the emergence of novel molecular mechanism strategies for reversing hepatic fibrosis. This study focused on the mechanism of SP in modulating the liver inflammatory microenvironment in hepatic fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice with hepatic fibrosis were stimulated with thioacetamide (TAA) prior to administration of SP. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or normal mouse primary hepatocytes were exposed to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) treatment. Meanwhile, normal mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide/adenosine triphosphate (LPS/ATP), aiming to obtain the conditioned medium. HSCs and hepatocytes were transfected with SIRT6 knockdown vector (siRNA-SIRT6) to estimate the impact of SP on the SIRT6-P2X7R/NLRP3 signaling pathway. RESULTS SP suppressed the HSCs extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine levels induced by the medium of BMDMs or TGF-β. In addition, SP also significantly up-regulated SIRT6, inhibited P2X7R-NLRP3 inflammasome in HSCs and hepatocytes, and functioned as MDL-800 (a SIRT6 agonist). SP reduced the hepatocytes pyroptosis and further prevented the occurrence of inflammatory response in the liver. SP could inhibit the activation of BMDMs and impede IL-1β and IL-18 from entering extracellular regions. Moreover, deficiency of SIRT6 in HSCs or hepatocytes reduced SP's regulation of P2X7R suppression. For TAA-treated mice, SP mitigated histopathological changes, ECM accumulation, EMT process, and NETs formation in hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, SP decreased inflammatory response via SIRT6-P2X7R/NLRP3 pathway and suppressed fibrillogenesis. These findings supported SP as the novel candidate to treat hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Feng Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China
| | - Jin-Jin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China
| | - Qi-Yuan Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, Jilin Province, 134001, PR China.
| | - Hai-Ming Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China.
| | - Jian Song
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China.
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Chen J, Wang T, Zhu J, Gong Y, Song J. SB-525334 ameliorates renal injury in diabetic kidney disease mouse model via suppressing inflammation. Am J Med Sci 2024; 368:369-381. [PMID: 38906377 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD; also known as diabetic nephropathy) is a typical complication of diabetes mellitus characterised by renal injury due to disturbances in glucose metabolism, in which renal tubular damage caused by chronic inflammation has been shown to be closely associated with the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, there are insufficient effective therapeutic agents to halt the progression of DKD. METHODS In the present study, we screened differential gene expression profiles associated with DKD by mining the GEO database through differential and enrichment analyses. Furthermore, systemic in vivo and in vitro experiments were designed to explore the mechanism through which the potential therapeutic agent SB-525334 improves DKD. RESULTS SB-525334 ameliorated DKD-induced kidney injury by regulating inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-10) as well as promoting the translation of M1 (iNOS) macrophage to M2 (CD206) macrophage. In addition, SB-525334 ameliorates kidney injury caused by DKD through inhibiting inflammation through regulating the expression of key proteins in the TGF-β1 /JNK and TGF-β1 /Smad signaling pathways. For studies in vitro, inflammation induced by LPS in vitro was inhibited significantly after the administration of SB-525334 through down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting macrophage conversion from M1 to M2, and inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1 /JNK and TGF-β1 /Smad pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight that the target compound SB-525334 could serve as a novel potential therapeutic agent and ameliorate DKD in an inflammation-inhibiting manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangning Clinical Medical College, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangning Clinical Medical College, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhang Gong
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangning Clinical Medical College, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Li B, Qi C, Zhang Y, Shi L, Zhang J, Qian H, Ji C. Frontier role of extracellular vesicles in kidney disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:583. [PMID: 39304945 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases represent a diverse range of conditions that compromise renal function and structure which characterized by a progressive deterioration of kidney function, may ultimately necessitate dialysis or kidney transplantation as end-stage treatment options. This review explores the complex landscape of kidney diseases, highlighting the limitations of existing treatments and the pressing need for innovative strategies. The paper delves into the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as emerging biomarkers and therapeutic agents in the context of kidney pathophysiology. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), in particular, offer a non-invasive means of assessing renal injury and monitoring disease progression. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) are examined for their immunomodulatory and tissue repair capabilities, presenting a promising avenue for novel therapeutic interventions. And discusses the potential of engineering EVs to enhance their targeting and therapeutic efficacy. This paper systematically integrates the latest research findings and aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of EVs in kidney disease, providing cutting-edge insights into their potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Chen Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Medical Imaging, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Linru Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Cheng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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Deng Y, Zhang S, Luo Z, He P, Ma X, Ma Y, Wang J, Zheng L, Tian N, Dong S, Zhang X, Zhang M. VCAM1: an effective diagnostic marker related to immune cell infiltration in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1426913. [PMID: 39319258 PMCID: PMC11420029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1426913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of immune cells in the pathogenesis and advancement of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is crucial. The objective of this study was to identify immune-cell-related biomarkers that could potentially aid in the diagnosis and management of DN. Methods The GSE96804 dataset was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, screen for intersections between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune-related genes (IRGs). Identify core genes through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and the Cytoscape plugin. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis was conducted. In addition, ROC analysis is performed to accurately identify diagnostic biomarkers. Apply the CIBERSORT algorithm to evaluate the proportion of immune cell infiltration. Finally, the mRNA, protein, and immunofluorescence expression of the biomarker was validated in the DN rat model. Results The study yielded 74 shared genes associated with DN. Enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment of these genes in focal adhesion, the humoral immune response, activation of the immune response, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and IL-17 signaling pathway. The optimal candidate gene VCAM1 was identified. The presence of VCAM1 in DN was further validated using the ROC curve. Analysis of immune cell infiltration matrices revealed a high abundance of monocytes, naïve B cells, memory B cells, and Macrophages M1/M2 in DN tissues. Correlation analysis identified one hub biomarker associated with immune-infiltrated cells in DN. Furthermore, our findings were validated through in vivo RT qPCR, WB, and IF techniques. Conclusions Our research indicates that VCAM1 is a signature gene associated with DN and is linked to the progression, treatment, and prognosis of DN. A comprehensive examination of immune infiltration signature genes may offer new perspectives on the clinical diagnosis and management of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei He
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyang Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ni Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoning Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingkun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mianzhi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Yang A, Wu CH, Matsuo S, Umene R, Nakamura Y, Inoue T. Activation of the α7nAChR by GTS-21 mitigates septic tubular cell injury and modulates macrophage infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112555. [PMID: 38943973 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The most common and serious complication among hospitalized and critically ill patients is sepsis-associated acute kidney damage (S-AKI), which raises the risk of comorbidities and is linked to a high mortality rate. Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), an anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by the vagus nerve, acetylcholine, and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs), offers new perspectives for the treatment of S-AKI. In this study, we investigated the role of CAP and α7nAChR in kidney injury by employing an LPS-induced septic kidney injury mouse model and GTS-21 intervention. C57BL/6 mice were injected with LPS, with or without GTS-21, in different subgroups. Kidney function was assessed by plasma creatinine, histology, and markers of kidney injury 24 h after intervention. The results demonstrated that GTS-21 could inhibit the systemic inflammatory response and directly protect the tubular cell injury from LPS. To explore the novel gene involved in this response, RNA sequencing of the renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2), pretreated with LPS and GTS-21, was conducted. The results indicate that GTS-21 administration reduces LPS-induced cytokines and chemokines secretion by HK-2, including CCL20, a potent chemokine attracting monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, a macrophage transmigration assay revealed that GTS-21 inhibits macrophage transmigration by downregulating the expression of CCL20 in HK-2 cells. In conclusion, GTS-21, as an α7nAChR agonist, emerges as a noteworthy and versatile treatment for S-AKI. Its dual function of directly protecting renal tubular cells and regulating inflammatory responses represents a major advancement in the treatment of sepsis-induced AKI. This finding might pave the way for novel approaches to improving patient outcomes and reducing death rates in sepsis-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobing Yang
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University.
| | - Sayumi Matsuo
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Ryusuke Umene
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Yasuna Nakamura
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University.
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Li ZL, Li XY, Zhou Y, Wang B, Lv LL, Liu BC. Renal tubular epithelial cells response to injury in acute kidney injury. EBioMedicine 2024; 107:105294. [PMID: 39178744 PMCID: PMC11388183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid and significant decrease in renal function that can arise from various etiologies, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) represent the central cell type affected by AKI, and their notable regenerative capacity is critical for the recovery of renal function in afflicted patients. The adaptive repair process initiated by surviving TECs following mild AKI facilitates full renal recovery. Conversely, when injury is severe or persistent, it allows the TECs to undergo pathological responses, abnormal adaptive repair and phenotypic transformation, which will lead to the development of renal fibrosis. Given the implications of TECs fate after injury in renal outcomes, a deeper understanding of these mechanisms is necessary to identify promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers of the repair process in the human kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yan Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang J, Wang J, Zhong J, Liu H, Li W, Chen M, Xu L, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Wei Z, Guo J, Wang X, Sui J, Liu X, Zhang S, Wang X. LRG1 promotes atherosclerosis by inducing macrophage M1-like polarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405845121. [PMID: 39178231 PMCID: PMC11363312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405845121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in macrophages. How macrophages commit to proinflammatory polarization under atherosclerosis conditions is not clear. Report here that the level of a circulating protein, leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), is elevated in the atherosclerotic tissue and serum samples from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). LRG1 stimulated macrophages to proinflammatory M1-like polarization through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways. The LRG1 knockout mice showed significantly delayed atherogenesis progression and reduced levels of macrophage-related proinflammatory cytokines in a high-fat diet-induced Apoe-/- mouse atherosclerosis model. An anti-LRG1 neutralizing antibody also effectively blocked LRG1-induced macrophage M1-like polarization in vitro and conferred therapeutic benefits to animals with ApoE deficiency-induced atherosclerosis. LRG1 may therefore serve as an additional biomarker for CAD and targeting LRG1 could offer a potential therapeutic strategy for CAD patients by mitigating the proinflammatory response of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Heart-Center of Beijing Chao-Yang hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing100020, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing102206, China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart-Center of Beijing Chao-Yang hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing100020, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Beijing 301 Hospital, Beijing100853, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Heart-Center of Beijing Chao-Yang hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing100020, China
| | - Mulei Chen
- Heart-Center of Beijing Chao-Yang hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing100020, China
| | - Li Xu
- Heart-Center of Beijing Chao-Yang hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing100020, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Zhizhong Wei
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing102206, China
| | - Jia Guo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Heart-Center of Beijing Chao-Yang hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing100020, China
| | - Jianhua Sui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- Heart-Center of Beijing Chao-Yang hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing100020, China
| | - Sitao Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing102206, China
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Wang B, Xiong Y, Deng X, Wang Y, Gong S, Yang S, Yang B, Yang Y, Leng Y, Li W, Li W. The role of intercellular communication in diabetic nephropathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1423784. [PMID: 39238645 PMCID: PMC11374600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, a common and severe complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, ultimately leading to renal failure and significantly affecting the prognosis and lives of diabetics worldwide. However, the complexity of its developmental mechanisms makes treating diabetic nephropathy a challenging task, necessitating the search for improved therapeutic targets. Intercellular communication underlies the direct and indirect influence and interaction among various cells within a tissue. Recently, studies have shown that beyond traditional communication methods, tunnel nanotubes, exosomes, filopodial tip vesicles, and the fibrogenic niche can influence pathophysiological changes in diabetic nephropathy by disrupting intercellular communication. Therefore, this paper aims to review the varied roles of intercellular communication in diabetic nephropathy, focusing on recent advances in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghong Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinqi Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songyuan Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baichuan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Leng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li G, Yang H, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhou H, Xu ZX, Wang Y. The role of macrophages in fibrosis of chronic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117079. [PMID: 38968801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are widely distributed throughout various tissues of the body, and mounting evidence suggests their involvement in regulating the tissue microenvironment, thereby influencing disease onset and progression through direct or indirect actions. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), disturbances in renal functional homeostasis lead to inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular expansion, glomerular atrophy, and subsequent renal fibrosis. Macrophages play a pivotal role in this pathological process. Therefore, understanding their role is imperative for investigating CKD progression, mitigating its advancement, and offering novel research perspectives for fibrosis treatment from an immunological standpoint. This review primarily delves into the intrinsic characteristics of macrophages, their origins, diverse subtypes, and their associations with renal fibrosis. Particular emphasis is placed on the transition between M1 and M2 phenotypes. In late-stage CKD, there is a shift from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, accompanied by an increased prevalence of M2 macrophages. This transition is governed by the activation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 and JAK/STAT pathways, which facilitate macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT). The tyrosine kinase Src is involved in both signaling cascades. By thoroughly elucidating macrophage functions and comprehending the modes and molecular mechanisms of macrophage-fibroblast interaction in the kidney, novel, tailored therapeutic strategies for preventing or attenuating the progression of CKD can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Tang Y, Chu C, Bu S, Sun Q, Liu A, Xie J, Qiao S, Huang L, Wang H. Integrated multi-omics profiling landscape of organising pneumonia. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1782. [PMID: 39083563 PMCID: PMC11290555 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organising pneumonia (OP) is one of the most common and lethal diseases in the category of interstitial pneumonia, along with lung cancer. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of many diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, as well as liver fibrosis and sclerosis. Increased levels of ceramides composed of sphingosine and fatty acid, are implicated in the development of both acute and chronic lung diseases. However, their pathophysiological significance in OP is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lipid metabolism reprogramming in OP, focusing on inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS Comprehensive multi-omics profiling approaches, including single-cell RNA sequencing, Visium CytAssist spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and mass spectrometry, were employed to analyze the tissues. OP mice model was utilized and molecular mechanisms were investigated in macrophages. RESULTS The results revealed a significant association between OP and lipid metabolism reprogramming, characterized by an abnormal expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism, including CD36, SCD1, and CES1 mainly in macrophages. CD36 deficiency in alveolar macrophages, led to an increased expression of C16/24 ceramides that accumulated in mitochondria, resulting in mitophagy or mitochondrial dysfunction. The number of alveolar macrophages in OP was significantly reduced, which was probably due to the ferroptosis signaling pathway involving GSH/SLC3A2/GPX4 through CD36 downregulation in OP. Furthermore, macrophage secretion of DPP7 and FABP4 influenced epithelial cell fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS CD36 inhibited the ferroptosis pathway involving SLC3A2/GPX4 in alveolar macrophages of OP tissue by regulating lipid metabolism, thus representing a new anti-ferroptosis and anti-fibrosis effect of CD36 mediated, at least in part, by ceramides. HIGHLIGHTS Our findings reveal a significant association between organising pneumonia and lipid metabolism reprogramming and will make a substantial contribution to the understanding of the mechanism of organising pneumonia in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Critical Care MedicineZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Cuilin Chu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Critical Care MedicineZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Siyuan Bu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Critical Care MedicineZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangChina
| | - Qin Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Critical Care MedicineZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Airan Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Critical Care MedicineZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianfeng Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Critical Care MedicineZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Sen Qiao
- Assisted Reproduction CenterNorthwest Women's and Children's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Lingyan Huang
- Department of PathologicalGeneral Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Critical Care MedicineZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangChina
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11
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Bao Y, Shan Q, Lu K, Yang Q, Liang Y, Kuang H, Wang L, Hao M, Peng M, Zhang S, Cao G. Renal tubular epithelial cell quality control mechanisms as therapeutic targets in renal fibrosis. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100933. [PMID: 39247486 PMCID: PMC11377145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a devastating consequence of progressive chronic kidney disease, representing a major public health challenge worldwide. The underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis remain unclear, and effective treatments are still lacking. Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) maintain kidney function, and their dysfunction has emerged as a critical contributor to renal fibrosis. Cellular quality control comprises several components, including telomere homeostasis, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis (mitophagy and mitochondrial metabolism), endoplasmic reticulum (ER, unfolded protein response), and lysosomes. Failures in the cellular quality control of RTECs, including DNA, protein, and organelle damage, exert profibrotic functions by leading to senescence, defective autophagy, ER stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, apoptosis, fibroblast activation, and immune cell recruitment. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of quality control components and intercellular crosstalk networks in RTECs, within the context of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Keda Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haodan Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Shuosheng Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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12
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Lin J, Lin Y, Li X, He F, Gao Q, Wang Y, Huang Z, Xiong F. Uncovering the Role of Anoikis-Related Genes in Modulating Immune Infiltration and Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4975-4991. [PMID: 39070131 PMCID: PMC11283803 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s446752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an intricate complication of diabetes with limited treatment options. Anoikis, a programmed cell death activated by loss of cell anchorage to the extracellular matrix, participated in various physiological and pathological processes. Our study aimed to elucidate the role of anoikis-related genes in DKD pathogenesis. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with anoikis in DKD were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify DKD-correlated modules and assess their functional implications. A diagnostic model for DKD was developed using LASSO regression and Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed for enrichment analysis. Experimental validation was employed to validate the significance of selected genes in the progression of DKD. Results We identified 10 anoikis-related DEGs involved in key signaling pathways impacting DKD progression. WGCNA highlighted the yellow module's significant enrichment in immune response and regulatory pathways. Correlation analysis further revealed the association between immune infiltration and anoikis-related DEGs. Our LASSO regression-based diagnostic model demonstrated a well-predictive efficacy with seven identified genes. GSVA indicated that gene function in the high-risk group was primarily associated with immune regulation. Further experimental validation using diabetic mouse models and data analysis in the single-cell dataset confirmed the significance of PYCARD and SFN in DKD progression. High glucose stimulation in RAW264.7 and TCMK-1 cells showed significantly increased expression levels of both Pycard and Sfn. Co-expression analysis demonstrated distinct functions of PYCARD and SFN, with KEGG pathway analysis showing significant enrichment in immune regulation and cell proliferation pathway. Conclusion In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in DKD pathogenesis, specifically highlighting the role of anoikis-related genes in modulating immune infiltration. These findings suggest that targeting these genes may hold promise for future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in DKD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiong Lin
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People’s Republic of China
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Yunkang School of Medicine and Health, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- General Surgery Department; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Medical Genetics/Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinyuan Gao
- Yunkang School of Medicine and Health, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanjun Wang
- Yunkang School of Medicine and Health, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zena Huang
- Yunkang School of Medicine and Health, Nanfang College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics/Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Wang Y, Liu T, Wu Y, Wang L, Ding S, Hou B, Zhao H, Liu W, Li P. Lipid homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3710-3724. [PMID: 39113692 PMCID: PMC11302873 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.95216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is crucial for proper cellular and systemic functions. A growing number of studies confirm the importance of lipid homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Lipotoxicity caused by imbalance in renal lipid homeostasis can further exasperate renal injury. Large lipid deposits and lipid droplet accumulation are present in the kidneys of DKD patients. Autophagy plays a critical role in DKD lipid homeostasis and is involved in the regulation of lipid content. Inhibition or reduction of autophagy can lead to lipid accumulation, which in turn further affects autophagy. Lipophagy selectively recognizes and degrades lipids and helps to regulate cellular lipid metabolism and maintain intracellular lipid homeostasis. Therefore, we provide a systematic review of fatty acid, cholesterol, and sphingolipid metabolism, and discuss the responses of different renal intrinsic cells to imbalances in lipid homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the mechanism by which autophagy, especially lipophagy, maintains lipid homeostasis to support the development of new DKD drugs targeting lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoluo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu X, Wei B, Shen Q, Shi C, Chen P. RAS protein activator-like 2 (RASAL2) initiates peritubular capillary rarefaction in hypoxic renal interstitial fibrosis. Transl Res 2024; 269:14-30. [PMID: 38453052 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) often involves renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and subsequent loss of peritubular capillaries (PTCs), which enhances disease severity. Despite advancements in our understanding of fibrosis, effective interventions for reversing capillary loss remain elusive. Notably, RIF exhibits reduced capillary density, whereas renal cell carcinoma (RCC) shows robust angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. Using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hypoxic human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and renal cancer cells (786-0). Analysis of altered Ras and PI3K/Akt pathways coupled with hub gene investigation revealed RAS protein activator-like 2 (RASAL2) as a key candidate. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed RASAL2's early-stage response in RIF, which reduced with fibrosis progression. RASAL2 suppression in HK-2 cells enhanced angiogenesis, as evidenced by increased proliferation, migration, and branching of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured with HK-2 cells. In mice, RASAL2 knockdown improved Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO)-induced fibrosis (compared to wild type). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) emerged as a pivotal mediator, substantiated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, with its induction linked to activation. Hypoxia increased the production of RASAL2-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tubular cells, which were internalized by endothelial cells, contributing to the exacerbation of PTC loss. These findings underscore RASAL2's role in mediating reduced angiogenesis in RIF and reveal a novel EV-mediated communication between hypoxic tubular- and endothelial cells, demonstrating a complex interplay between angiogenesis and fibrosis in CKD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiong Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bizhen Wei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanbing Shi
- Department of Pathology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Huang L, Wang C, Yang P, Zhang L, Liao X. Augmenter of liver regeneration knockout aggravates tubular ferroptosis and macrophage activation by regulating carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A-induced lipid metabolism in diabetic nephropathy. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14159. [PMID: 38767438 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death that performs a critical function in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) exists in the inner membrane of mitochondria, and inhibits inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in acute kidney injury; however, its role in DN remains unexplored. Here, we aimed to identify the role of ALR in ferroptosis induction and macrophage activation in DN. METHODS The expression of ALR was examined in DN patients, db/db DN mice, and HK-2 cells treated with high glucose (HG). The effects of ALR on ferroptosis and macrophage activation were investigated with ALR conditional knockout, lentivirus transfection, transmission electron microscopy, qRT-PCR and western blotting assay. Mass spectrometry and rescue experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism of ALR. RESULTS ALR expression was reduced in the kidney tissues of DN patients and mice, serum of DN patients, and HG-HK-2 cells. Moreover, the inhibition of ALR promoted ferroptosis, macrophage activation, and DN progression. Mechanistically, ALR can directly bind to carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A), the key rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and inhibit the expression of CPT1A to regulate lipid metabolism involving FAO and lipid droplet-mitochondrial coupling in DN. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings revealed a crucial protective role of ALR in ferroptosis induction and macrophage activation in DN and identified it as an alternative diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (People's Hospital of Jiangbei District), Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Kuanren Laboratory of Translational Lipidology, Centre for Lipid Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Wang L, Su J, Liu Z, Ding S, Li Y, Hou B, Hu Y, Dong Z, Tang J, Liu H, Liu W. Identification of immune-associated biomarkers of diabetes nephropathy tubulointerstitial injury based on machine learning: a bioinformatics multi-chip integrated analysis. BioData Min 2024; 17:20. [PMID: 38951833 PMCID: PMC11218417 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-024-00369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. A considerable number of DN patients have experienced irreversible end-stage renal disease progression due to the inability to diagnose the disease early. Therefore, reliable biomarkers that are helpful for early diagnosis and treatment are identified. The migration of immune cells to the kidney is considered to be a key step in the progression of DN-related vascular injury. Therefore, finding markers in this process may be more helpful for the early diagnosis and progression prediction of DN. METHODS The gene chip data were retrieved from the GEO database using the search term ' diabetic nephropathy '. The ' limma ' software package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DN and control samples. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on genes obtained from the molecular characteristic database (MSigDB. The R package 'WGCNA' was used to identify gene modules associated with tubulointerstitial injury in DN, and it was crossed with immune-related DEGs to identify target genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on differentially expressed genes using the 'ClusterProfiler' software package in R. Three methods, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF), were used to select immune-related biomarkers for diagnosis. We retrieved the tubulointerstitial dataset from the Nephroseq database to construct an external validation dataset. Unsupervised clustering analysis of the expression levels of immune-related biomarkers was performed using the 'ConsensusClusterPlus 'R software package. The urine of patients who visited Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from September 2021 to March 2023 was collected, and Elisa was used to detect the mRNA expression level of immune-related biomarkers in urine. Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect the effect of immune-related biomarker expression on renal function in DN patients. RESULTS Four microarray datasets from the GEO database are included in the analysis : GSE30122, GSE47185, GSE99340 and GSE104954. These datasets included 63 DN patients and 55 healthy controls. A total of 9415 genes were detected in the data set. We found 153 differentially expressed immune-related genes, of which 112 genes were up-regulated, 41 genes were down-regulated, and 119 overlapping genes were identified. GO analysis showed that they were involved in various biological processes including leukocyte-mediated immunity. KEGG analysis showed that these target genes were mainly involved in the formation of phagosomes in Staphylococcus aureus infection. Among these 119 overlapping genes, machine learning results identified AGR2, CCR2, CEBPD, CISH, CX3CR1, DEFB1 and FSTL1 as potential tubulointerstitial immune-related biomarkers. External validation suggested that the above markers showed diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing DN patients from healthy controls. Clinical studies have shown that the expression of AGR2, CX3CR1 and FSTL1 in urine samples of DN patients is negatively correlated with GFR, the expression of CX3CR1 and FSTL1 in urine samples of DN is positively correlated with serum creatinine, while the expression of DEFB1 in urine samples of DN is negatively correlated with serum creatinine. In addition, the expression of CX3CR1 in DN urine samples was positively correlated with proteinuria, while the expression of DEFB1 in DN urine samples was negatively correlated with proteinuria. Finally, according to the level of proteinuria, DN patients were divided into nephrotic proteinuria group (n = 24) and subrenal proteinuria group. There were significant differences in urinary AGR2, CCR2 and DEFB1 between the two groups by unpaired t test (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the role of immune-related biomarkers in DN tubulointerstitial injury and provides potential targets for early diagnosis and treatment of DN patients. Seven different genes ( AGR2, CCR2, CEBPD, CISH, CX3CR1, DEFB1, FSTL1 ), as promising sensitive biomarkers, may affect the progression of DN by regulating immune inflammatory response. However, further comprehensive studies are needed to fully understand their exact molecular mechanisms and functional pathways in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Su
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Ding
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaotan Li
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoluo Hou
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxi Dong
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Weijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Zhou T, Fang YL, Tian TT, Wang GX. Pathological mechanism of immune disorders in diabetic kidney disease and intervention strategies. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1111-1121. [PMID: 38983817 PMCID: PMC11229953 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most severe chronic microvascular complications of diabetes and a primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Clinical studies have shown that renal inflammation is a key factor determining kidney damage during diabetes. With the development of immunological technology, many studies have shown that diabetic nephropathy is an immune complex disease, and that most patients have immune dysfunction. However, the immune response associated with diabetic nephropathy and autoimmune kidney disease, or caused by ischemia or infection with acute renal injury, is different, and has a com-plicated pathological mechanism. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in immune disorders and the intervention mechanism, to provide guidance and advice for early intervention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Lin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tian-Tian Tian
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Gui-Xia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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18
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Chen C, Zhang J, Yu T, Feng H, Liao J, Jia Y. LRG1 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Multiple Kidney Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 10:237-248. [PMID: 38799248 PMCID: PMC11126829 DOI: 10.1159/000538443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background The increasing prevalence of kidney diseases has become a significant public health issue, with a global prevalence exceeding 10%. In order to accurately identify biochemical changes and treatment outcomes associated with kidney diseases, novel methods targeting specific genes have been discovered. Among these genes, leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been identified to function as a multifunctional pathogenic signaling molecule in multiple diseases, including kidney diseases. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding the roles of LRG1 in different types of kidney diseases. Summary Based on a comprehensive review, it was found that LRG1 was upregulated in the urine, serum, or renal tissues of patients or experimental animal models with multiple kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, kidney injury, IgA nephropathy, chronic kidney diseases, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, end-stage renal disease, canine leishmaniosis-induced kidney disease, kidney fibrosis, and aristolochic acid nephropathy. Mechanistically, the role of LRG1 in kidney diseases is believed to be detrimental, potentially through its regulation of various genes and signaling cascades, i.e., fibronectin 1, GPR56, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR-2, death receptor 5, GDF15, HIF-1α, SPP1, activin receptor-like kinase 1-Smad1/5/8, NLRP3-IL-1b, and transforming growth factor β pathway. Key Messages Further research is needed to fully comprehend the molecular mechanisms by which LRG1 contributes to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of kidney diseases. It is anticipated that targeted treatments focusing on LRG1 will be utilized in clinical trials and implemented in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dean People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Haiya Feng
- Department of Burn Surgery, Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yifei Jia
- Department of Burn Surgery, Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Nie H, Yang H, Cheng L, Yu J. Identification of Lipotoxicity-Related Biomarkers in Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Bioinformatic Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:5550812. [PMID: 38774257 PMCID: PMC11108700 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5550812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study is aimed at investigating diagnostic biomarkers associated with lipotoxicity and the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: The GSE96804 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DN patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted using the DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to identify key genes linked to lipotoxicity in DN. Immune infiltration analysis was employed to identify immune cells with differential expression in DN and to assess the correlation between these immune cells and lipotoxicity-related hub genes. The findings were validated using the external dataset GSE104954. ROC analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic performance of the hub genes. The Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) enrichment method was utilized to analyze the key genes associated with lipotoxicity as mentioned above. Result: In this study, a total of 544 DEGs were identified. Among them, extracellular matrix (ECM), fatty acid metabolism, AGE-RAGE, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were significantly enriched. Combining the PPI network and lipotoxicity-related genes (LRGS), LUM and ALB were identified as lipotoxicity-related diagnostic biomarkers for DN. ROC analysis showed that the AUC values for LUM and ALB were 0.882 and 0.885, respectively. The AUC values for LUM and ALB validated in external datasets were 0.98 and 0.82, respectively. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significant changes in various immune cells during disease progression. Macrophages M2, mast cells activated, and neutrophils were significantly associated with all lipotoxicity-related hub genes. These key genes were enriched in fatty acid metabolism and extracellular matrix-related pathways. Conclusion: The identified lipotoxicity-related hub genes provide a deeper understanding of the development mechanisms of DN, potentially offering new theoretical foundations for the development of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to lipotoxicity in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, East Road, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China 332000
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, East Road, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China 332000
| | - Lidan Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, East Road, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China 332000
| | - Jianxin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, East Road, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China 332000
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20
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Han X, Wei J, Zheng R, Tu Y, Wang M, Chen L, Xu Z, Zheng L, Zheng C, Shi Q, Ying H, Liang G. Macrophage SHP2 Deficiency Alleviates Diabetic Nephropathy via Suppression of MAPK/NF-κB- Dependent Inflammation. Diabetes 2024; 73:780-796. [PMID: 38394639 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates chronic inflammation as the main pathological cause of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Exploration of key targets in the inflammatory pathway may provide new treatment options for DN. We aimed to investigate the role of Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) in macrophages and its association with DN. The upregulated phosphorylation of SHP2 was detected in macrophages in both patients with diabetes and in a mouse model. Using macrophage-specific SHP2-knockout (SHP2-MKO) mice and SHP2fl/fl mice injected with streptozotocin (STZ), we showed that SHP2-MKO significantly attenuated renal dysfunction, collagen deposition, fibrosis, and inflammatory response in mice with STZ-induced diabetes. RNA-sequencing analysis using primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) showed that SHP2 deletion mainly affected mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways as well as MAPK/NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine release in MPMs. Further study indicated that SHP2-deficient macrophages failed to release cytokines that induce phenotypic transition and fibrosis in renal cells. Administration with a pharmacological SHP2 inhibitor, SHP099, remarkably protected kidneys in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. In conclusion, these results identify macrophage SHP2 as a new accelerator of DN and suggest that SHP2 inhibition may be a therapeutic option for patients with DN. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Translational Research of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Translational Research of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Translational Research of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Translational Research of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojuan Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huazhong Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Translational Research of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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21
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Miao Z, Wang W, Miao Z, Cao Q, Xu S. Role of Selenoprotein W in participating in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103114. [PMID: 38460355 PMCID: PMC10943047 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease worldwide. Numerous evidence has demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming serves as a hallmark associated with an elevated risk of NAFLD progression. Selenoprotein W (SelW) is an extensively expressed hepatic selenoprotein that plays a crucial role in antioxidant function. Here, we first demonstrated that SelW is a significantly distinct factor in the liver tissue of NAFLD patients through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Additionally, loss of SelW alleviated hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), and was accompanied by the regulation of metabolic and inflammatory pathways as verified by transcriptomic analysis. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and molecular docking analysis were subsequently implemented to identify Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) as a potential interacting protein of SelW. Meanwhile, SelW modulated PKM2 translocation into the nucleus to trigger transactivation of the HIF-1α, in further mediating mitochondrial apoptosis, eventually resulting in mitochondrial damage, ROS excessive production and mtDNA leakage. Additionally, mito-ROS accumulation induced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, thereby facilitating extracellular leakage of mtDNA. The escaped mtDNA then evokes the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in macrophage, thus inducing a shift in macrophage phenotype. Together, our results suggest SelW promotes hepatocyte apoptosis and pyroptosis by regulating metabolic reprogramming to activate cGAS/STING signaling of macrophages, thereby exacerbating the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiruo Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Miao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyuan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Dritsoula A, Camilli C, Moss SE, Greenwood J. The disruptive role of LRG1 on the vasculature and perivascular microenvironment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1386177. [PMID: 38745756 PMCID: PMC11091338 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1386177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The establishment of new blood vessels, and their subsequent stabilization, is a critical process that facilitates tissue growth and organ development. Once established, vessels need to diversify to meet the specific needs of the local tissue and to maintain homeostasis. These processes are tightly regulated and fundamental to normal vessel and tissue function. The mechanisms that orchestrate angiogenesis and vessel maturation have been widely studied, with signaling crosstalk between endothelium and perivascular cells being identified as an essential component. In disease, however, new vessels develop abnormally, and existing vessels lose their specialization and function, which invariably contributes to disease progression. Despite considerable research into the vasculopathic mechanisms in disease, our knowledge remains incomplete. Accordingly, the identification of angiocrine and angiopathic molecules secreted by cells within the vascular microenvironment, and their effect on vessel behaviour, remains a major research objective. Over the last decade the secreted glycoprotein leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), has emerged as a significant vasculopathic molecule, stimulating defective angiogenesis, and destabilizing the existing vasculature mainly, but not uniquely, by altering both canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling in a highly cell and context dependent manner. Whilst LRG1 does not possess any overt homeostatic role in vessel development and maintenance, growing evidence provides a compelling case for LRG1 playing a pleiotropic role in disrupting the vasculature in many disease settings. Thus, LRG1 has now been reported to damage vessels in various disorders including cancer, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, ocular disease, and lung disease and the signaling processes that drive this dysfunction are being defined. Moreover, therapeutic targeting of LRG1 has been widely proposed to re-establish a quiescent endothelium and normalized vasculature. In this review, we consider the current status of our understanding of the role of LRG1 in vascular pathology, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dritsoula
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Lin DW, Yang TM, Ho C, Shih YH, Lin CL, Hsu YC. Targeting Macrophages: Therapeutic Approaches in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4350. [PMID: 38673935 PMCID: PMC11050450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is not solely a metabolic disorder but also involves inflammatory processes. The immune response it incites is a primary contributor to damage in target organs. Research indicates that during the initial phases of diabetic nephropathy, macrophages infiltrate the kidneys alongside lymphocytes, initiating a cascade of inflammatory reactions. The interplay between macrophages and other renal cells is pivotal in the advancement of kidney disease within a hyperglycemic milieu. While M1 macrophages react to the inflammatory stimuli induced by elevated glucose levels early in the disease progression, their subsequent transition to M2 macrophages, which possess anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties, also contributes to fibrosis in the later stages of nephropathy by transforming into myofibroblasts. Comprehending the diverse functions of macrophages in diabetic kidney disease and regulating their activity could offer therapeutic benefits for managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi City 60069, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Ming Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng Ho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsueh Shih
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chien Hsu
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
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24
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Liu Y, Lin Z, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang Y, Luo C. Nanotechnology in inflammation: cutting-edge advances in diagnostics, therapeutics and theranostics. Theranostics 2024; 14:2490-2525. [PMID: 38646646 PMCID: PMC11024862 DOI: 10.7150/thno.91394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory dysregulation is intimately associated with the occurrence and progression of many life-threatening diseases. Accurate detection and timely therapeutic intervention on inflammatory dysregulation are crucial for the effective therapy of inflammation-associated diseases. However, the clinical outcomes of inflammation-involved disorders are still unsatisfactory. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop innovative anti-inflammatory strategies by integrating emerging technological innovations with traditional therapeutics. Biomedical nanotechnology is one of the promising fields that can potentially transform the diagnosis and treatment of inflammation. In this review, we outline recent advances in biomedical nanotechnology for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammation, with special attention paid to nanosensors and nanoprobes for precise diagnosis of inflammation-related diseases, emerging anti-inflammatory nanotherapeutics, as well as nanotheranostics and combined anti-inflammatory applications. Moreover, the prospects and challenges for clinical translation of nanoprobes and anti-inflammatory nanomedicines are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Liuhui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yuequan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
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25
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Peng QY, An Y, Jiang ZZ, Xu Y. The Role of Immune Cells in DKD: Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2103-2118. [PMID: 38601771 PMCID: PMC11005934 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s457526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), is a common microvascular complication and a major cause of death in patients with diabetes. Disorders of immune cells and immune cytokines can accelerate DKD development of in a number of ways. As the kidney is composed of complex and highly differentiated cells, the interactions among different cell types and immune cells play important regulatory roles in disease development. Here, we summarize the latest research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions among various immune and renal cells in DKD. In addition, we discuss the most recent studies related to single cell technology and bioinformatics analysis in the field of DKD. The aims of our review were to explore immune cells as potential therapeutic targets in DKD and provide some guidance for future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Zhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Zhou Z, Shi L, Chen B, Qian H. Regulation of regulated cell death by extracellular vesicles in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:99-111. [PMID: 38182464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The imbalance between proliferation and death of kidney resident cells is a crucial factor in the development of acute or chronic renal dysfunction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often associated with the rapid loss of tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Sustained injury leads to the loss of glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes, which is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases. This irreversible damage resulting from progressive cell loss eventually leads to deterioration of renal function characterized by glomerular compensatory hypertrophy, tubular degeneration, and renal fibrosis. Regulated cell death (RCD), which involves a cascade of gene expression events with tight structures, plays a certain role in regulating kidney health by determining the fate of kidney resident cells. Under pathological conditions, cells in the nephron have been demonstrated to constitutively release extracellular vesicles (EVs) which act as messengers that specifically interact with recipient cells to regulate their cell death process. For therapeutic intervention, exogenous EVs have exhibited great potential for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease by modulating RCD, with enhanced effects through engineering modification. Based on the functional role of EVs, this review comprehensively explores the regulation of RCD by EVs in AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD), with emphasis on pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine of Jiangsu University, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linru Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binghai Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine of Jiangsu University, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine of Jiangsu University, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Jin Q, Liu T, Ma F, Fu T, Yang L, Mao H, Wang Y, Peng L, Li P, Zhan Y. Roles of Sirt1 and its modulators in diabetic microangiopathy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130761. [PMID: 38467213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications include diabetic macroangiopathy and diabetic microangiopathy. Diabetic microangiopathy is characterised by impaired microvascular endothelial function, basement membrane thickening, and microthrombosis, which may promote renal, ocular, cardiac, and peripheral system damage in diabetic patients. Therefore, new preventive and therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Sirt1, a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylase class III family, regulates different organ growth and development, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, metabolism, inflammation, and aging. Sirt1 is downregulated in vascular injury and microangiopathy. Moreover, its expression and distribution in different organs correlate with age and play critical regulatory roles in oxidative stress and inflammation. This review introduces the background of diabetic microangiopathy and the main functions of Sirt1. Then, the relationship between Sirt1 and different diabetic microangiopathies and the regulatory roles mediated by different cells are described. Finally, we summarize the modulators that target Sirt1 to ameliorate diabetic microangiopathy as an essential preventive and therapeutic measure for diabetic microangiopathy. In conclusion, targeting Sirt1 may be a new therapeutic strategy for diabetic microangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongfei Fu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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28
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Youssef N, Noureldein MH, Riachi ME, Haddad A, Eid AA. Macrophage polarization and signaling in diabetic kidney disease: a catalyst for disease progression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F301-F312. [PMID: 38153850 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00266.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes affecting millions of people worldwide. Macrophages, a critical immune cell type, are central players in the development and progression of DKD. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricate role of macrophages in DKD, examining how they can become polarized into proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. We explore the signaling pathways involved in macrophage recruitment and polarization in the kidneys, including the key cytokines and transcription factors that promote M1 and M2 polarization. In addition, we discuss the latest clinical studies investigating macrophages in DKD and explore the potential of hypoglycemic drugs for modulating macrophage polarization. By gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that regulate macrophage polarization in DKD, we may identify novel therapeutic targets for this debilitating complication of diabetes. This review provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between macrophages and DKD, shedding light on the latest developments in this important area of research. This review aims to enhance understanding of the role that macrophages play in the pathogenesis of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Youssef
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed H Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mansour E Riachi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antony Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Du C, Xu C, Jia P, Cai N, Zhang Z, Meng W, Chen L, Zhou Z, Wang Q, Feng R, Li J, Meng X, Huang C, Ma T. PSTPIP2 ameliorates aristolochic acid nephropathy by suppressing interleukin-19-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. eLife 2024; 13:e89740. [PMID: 38314821 PMCID: PMC10906995 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by herbal medicines. Proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in kidney injury and immune defense, respectively, but the mechanism underlying AAN regulation by PSTPIP2 and NETs remains unclear. We found that renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) apoptosis, neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory factor, and NET production were increased in a mouse model of AAN, while PSTPIP2 expression was low. Conditional knock-in of Pstpip2 in mouse kidneys inhibited cell apoptosis, reduced neutrophil infiltration, suppressed the production of inflammatory factors and NETs, and ameliorated renal dysfunction. Conversely, downregulation of Pstpip2 expression promoted kidney injury. In vivo, the use of Ly6G-neutralizing antibody to remove neutrophils and peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitors to prevent NET formation reduced apoptosis, alleviating kidney injury. In vitro, damaged RTECs released interleukin-19 (IL-19) via the PSTPIP2/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway and induced NET formation via the IL-20Rβ receptor. Concurrently, NETs promoted apoptosis of damaged RTECs. PSTPIP2 affected NET formation by regulating IL-19 expression via inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation in RTECs, inhibiting RTEC apoptosis, and reducing kidney damage. Our findings indicated that neutrophils and NETs play a key role in AAN and therapeutic targeting of PSTPIP2/NF-κB/IL-19/IL-20Rβ might extend novel strategies to minimize Aristolochic acid I-mediated acute kidney injury and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Du
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Chuanting Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Pengcheng Jia
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Na Cai
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Wenna Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Lu Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Zhongnan Zhou
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Rui Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Taotao Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
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Li X, Wang J, Yan J, He JC, Li Y, Zhong Y. Additive renal protective effects between arctigenin and puerarin in diabetic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116107. [PMID: 38215692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the combined use of renin angiotensin system inhibitor, SGLT2 inhibitors and/or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist provides additional renal protection for patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Similarly, in traditional Chinese medicine, the synergistic application of multiple herbs often brings more significant therapeutic effects. However, the synergistic or additive mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in combination therapy are not fully understood. In our previous studies, we show that arctigenin (ATG), a major component of Fructus Arctii, attenuates proteinuria and renal injury in diabetic mice by activating PP2A, and puerarin (a class of known isoflavones) can also reduce proteinuria and renal injury in diabetic mice via activation of Sirt1. Here, we further explored the potential additive renal protection of these two compounds in diabetic mice. Research has found that ATG and puerarin have a synergistic effect in reducing albuminuria in db/db mice. Mechanistically, we found that ATG reduced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation likely through activation of PP2A while puerarin reduced p65 acetylation via Sirt1 activation. Therefore, ATG and puerarin have additive inhibitory effects on the NF-κB activation, which is a key inflammatory pathway in DKD. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed distinct pathways activated by ATG and puerarin in the diabetic kidney, which may provide an additional mechanism for their additive effects in DKD. Our study suggests that ATG and puerarin could be a new combination therapy for DKD and reveals its underlined mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Li
- Department of Nephrology A, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Nephrology A, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Yan
- Department of Nephrology A, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology A, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology A, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zheng J, Wang R, Wang Y. New concepts drive the development of delivery tools for sustainable treatment of diabetic complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116206. [PMID: 38278022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications, especially diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and painful diabetic neuropathy, account for a large portion of patients with diabetes and display rising global prevalence. They are the leading causes of blindness, kidney failure and hypersensitivity to pain caused by diabetes. Current approved therapeutics against the diabetic complications are few and exhibit limited efficacy. The enhanced cell-specificity, stability, biocompatibility, and loading capacity of drugs are essential for the mitigation of diabetic complications. In the article, we have critically discussed the recent studies over the past two years in material sciences and biochemistry. The insightful concepts in these studies drive the development of novel nanoparticles and mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles to meet the need for treatment of diabetic complications. Their underlying biochemical principles, advantages and limitations have been in-depth analyzed. The nanoparticles discussed in the article include double-headed nanodelivery system, nanozyme, ESC-HCM-B system, soft polymer nanostars, tetrahedral DNA nanostructures and hydrogels. They ameliorate the diabetic complication through attenuation of inflammation, apoptosis and restoration of metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles efficiently deliver therapeutic proteins to the retinal cells to suppress the angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress to reverse diabetic retinopathy. Collectively, we provide a critical discussion on the concept, mechanism and therapeutic applicability of new delivery tools to treat these three devastating diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zheng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, China.
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, China.
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Guo C, Cui Y, Jiao M, Yao J, Zhao J, Tian Y, Dong J, Liao L. Crosstalk between proximal tubular epithelial cells and other interstitial cells in tubulointerstitial fibrosis after renal injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1256375. [PMID: 38260142 PMCID: PMC10801024 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The energy needs of tubular epithelial components, especially proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), are high and they heavily depend on aerobic metabolism. As a result, they are particularly vulnerable to various injuries caused by factors such as ischemia, proteinuria, toxins, and elevated glucose levels. Initial metabolic and phenotypic changes in PTECs after injury are likely an attempt at survival and repair. Nevertheless, in cases of recurrent or prolonged injury, PTECs have the potential to undergo a transition to a secretory state, leading to the generation and discharge of diverse bioactive substances, including transforming growth factor-β, Wnt ligands, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin (IL)-1β, lactic acid, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles. By promoting fibroblast activation, macrophage recruitment, and endothelial cell loss, these bioactive compounds stimulate communication between epithelial cells and other interstitial cells, ultimately worsening renal damage. This review provides a summary of the latest findings on bioactive compounds that facilitate the communication between these cellular categories, ultimately leading to the advancement of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicin, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwen Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yutian Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicin, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Jiang W, Zhang T, Qiu Y, Liu Q, Chen X, Wang Q, Min X, Ouyang L, Jia S, Lu Q, He Y, Zhao M. Keratinocyte-to-macrophage communication exacerbate psoriasiform dermatitis via LRG1-enriched extracellular vesicles. Theranostics 2024; 14:1049-1064. [PMID: 38250043 PMCID: PMC10797285 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Macrophage-associated inflammation and keratinocytes excessive proliferation and inflammatory cytokines secretion induced by stimulation play an important role in the progression of psoriasiform dermatitis. However, how these two types of cells communicate remains obscure. Methods: We induced a mouse model with experimental psoriasiform dermatitis by Imiquimod (IMQ). To investigate whether damaged keratinocytes promote macrophage polarization and accelerate skin lesions by releasing extracellular vesicle (EV), purified EV were isolated from the primary epidermis of 5-day IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis model mice, and then fluorescence-labeled the EV with PKH67. The EV was injected into the skin of mice treated with IMQ or vehicle 2 days in situ. In addition, we established a co-culture system of the human monocytic cell line (THP-1) and HaCaT, and THP-1/HaCaT conditioned media culture model in vitro respectively. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1)-enriched EV on macrophage activation. Results: We demonstrated macrophages can significantly promote keratinocyte inflammation and macrophage polarization may be mediated by intercellular communication with keratinocytes. Interestingly, IMQ-induced 5-day, keratinocyte-derived EV recruited macrophage and enhanced the progression of skin lesions. Similar to results in vivo, EV released from M5-treated HaCaT significantly promotes Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression of THP-1 cells. Importantly, we found that LRG1-enriched EV regulates macrophages via TGF beta Receptor 1 (TGFβR1) dependent process. Conclusion: Our findings indicated a novel mechanism for promoting psoriasiform dermatitis, which could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Jiang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueqi Qiu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianmei Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaolin Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Min
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianlian Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Huang Y, Cui X, Li Z, Yuan S, Han Y, Xu X, Fu X, Shi K, Zhang Z, Wei J, Xia S, Xiao Y, Xue S, Sun L, Liu H, Zhu X. High-expression of FABP4 in Tubules is a Risk Factor for Poor Prognosis in DKD Patients. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3436-3446. [PMID: 38299395 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673268265231228125431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism imbalance is involved in the mechanism of renal tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been reported to participate in cellular lipid toxicity. However, the expression of FABP4 in renal tissues of DKD and its correlation with clinical/ pathological parameters and prognosis have not been studied. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 108 hospitalized Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with renal injury, including 70 with DKD and 38 with NDKD (non-DKD). Clinical features, pathological findings, and follow-up parameters were collected. Serum and urine FABP4 were detected by ELISA. An immunohistochemistry stain was used to determine FABP4 in renal tubulointerstitium. A double immunofluorescence stain was employed to assess FABP4- and CD68-positive macrophages. Correlation analysis, logistic regression models, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS DKD patients had increased expression of FABP4 and ectopic fat deposition in tubules. As shown by correlation analyses, FABP4 expression in renal tubules was positively correlated with UNAG (r=0.589, p=0.044) and ESRD (r=0.740, p=0.004). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that UNAG level was correlated with FABP4 expression level above median value (odds ratio:1.154, 95% confidence interval:1.009-1.321, p=0.037). High-expression of FABP4 in renal tubules of DKD was at an increased risk of ESRD. Increased FABP4 expression in inflammatory cells was also associated with ESRD in DKD. CONCLUSION High-expression of FABP4 is involved in the pathogenesis of renal tubular lipid injury and is a risk factor for poor prognosis in DKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangqing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kewen Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zurong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinying Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyu Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Cheng X, Wei H, Liu Y, Sun Y, Ye J, Lu P, Han B. Relation between LRG1 and CD4 + T cells, cognitive impairment and neurological function in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Biomark Med 2024; 18:5-14. [PMID: 38380988 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the relationship between LRG1 and CD4+ T cells, cognitive impairment and neurological function in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Plasma LRG1 was detected by ELISA in 175 patients with AIS at baseline, day (D) 1, D7, month (M) 1 and M3. Results: LRG1 was negatively related to Th2 and Treg cells and positively linked to Th17 (all p < 0.05). LRG1 increased from baseline to D1, then decreased until M3 (p < 0.001). LRG1 at each assessment point was increased in patients with cognitive impairment or poor neurological function at M3 versus those without (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: LRG1 is linked to decreased Th2 and Tregs, increased Th17, cognitive impairment and nonideal neurological function recovery in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Control, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Hongen Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Control, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Neurology, The 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Pengyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University (Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University), Taiyuan, 030009, China
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Burlaka I. Apoptosis-Controlling, Clinical, Laboratory, Anamnestic Factors in Prediction of the Early Stage of Diabetic Nephropathy in Children. Glob Pediatr Health 2023; 10:2333794X231214456. [PMID: 38106637 PMCID: PMC10722950 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x231214456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The most prevalent microvascular consequence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is diabetic nephropathy (DN). Aim of the Study. To find the clinical, anamnestic, and genetic markers that characterize and forecast early diabetic nephropathy in T1D children. Methods. One hundred four children with T1D and DN between the ages of 2 and 17 were surveyed. Stepwise logistic regression models and linear regression models were used. Results. BMI, systolic blood pressure, concurrent kidney pathology, anamnesis viral infections, ESR level, serum cholesterol, blood urea, number of DKA episodes/year, and GFR were determined to be predictors of early DN in children with T1D. Bcl-xL, caspase-3, and HIF-1alfa were discovered to predict DN among all previously identified variables influencing apoptosis. Conclusion. BMI, systolic blood pressure, concurrent kidney disease, anamnesis viral infections, ESR level, serum cholesterol, blood urea, number of DKA episodes/year, GFR, apoptotic and hypoxia markers were discovered as variables predicting early DN.
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Shu H, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Yang C, Wu Y, Wu D, Cao Y, Chu Y, Li L. Circular RNAs: An emerging precise weapon for diabetic nephropathy diagnosis and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115818. [PMID: 37939612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus and represents a major cause of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Current treatment strategies for DN primarily focus on symptom alleviation, lacking effective approaches to halt or reverse DN progression. Circular RNA (circRNA), characterized by a closed-loop structure, has emerged as a novel non-coding RNA regulator of gene expression, attributed to its conservation, stability, specificity, and multifunctionality. Dysregulation of circRNA expression is closely associated with DN progression, whereby circRNA impacts kidney cell injury by modulating cell cycle, differentiation, cell death, as well as influencing the release of inflammatory factors and stromal fibronectin expression. Consequently, circRNA is considered a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for DN. This review provides an overview of the latest research progress in the classification, functions, monitoring methods, and databases related to circRNA. The paper focuses on elucidating the impact and underlying mechanisms of circRNA on kidney cells under diabetic conditions, aiming to offer novel insights into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Shu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Peijian Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Can Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
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Zhang HR, Li YP, Shi ZJ, Liang QQ, Chen SY, You YP, Yuan T, Xu R, Xu LH, Ouyang DY, Zha QB, He XH. Triptolide induces PANoptosis in macrophages and causes organ injury in mice. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1646-1665. [PMID: 37702860 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages represent the first lines of innate defense against pathogenic infections and are poised to undergo multiple forms of regulated cell death (RCD) upon infections or toxic stimuli, leading to multiple organ injury. Triptolide, an active compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., possesses various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects, but its applications have been hampered by toxic adverse effects. It remains unknown whether and how triptolide induces different forms of RCD in macrophages. In this study, we showed that triptolide exhibited significant cytotoxicity on cultured macrophages in vitro, which was associated with multiple forms of lytic cell death that could not be fully suppressed by any one specific inhibitor for a single form of RCD. Consistently, triptolide induced the simultaneous activation of pyroptotic, apoptotic and necroptotic hallmarks, which was accompanied by the co-localization of ASC specks respectively with RIPK3 or caspase-8 as well as their interaction with each other, indicating the formation of PANoptosome and thus the induction of PANoptosis. Triptolide-induced PANoptosis was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production. PANoptosis was also induced by triptolide in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vivo. Furthermore, triptolide caused kidney and liver injury, which was associated with systemic inflammatory responses and the activation of hallmarks for PANoptosis in vivo. Collectively, our data reveal that triptolide induces PANoptosis in macrophages in vitro and exhibits nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity associated with induction of PANoptosis in vivo, suggesting a new avenue to alleviate triptolide's toxicity by harnessing PANoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Rui Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, 517000, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Jian Shi
- Department of Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qi-Qi Liang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Si-Yuan Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi-Ping You
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Hui Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dong-Yun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qing-Bing Zha
- Department of Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, 517000, China.
| | - Xian-Hui He
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, 517000, China.
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Liu C, Hu X, Zhao Y, Huang A, Chen J, Lu T, Wu M, Lu H. High-Glucose-Induced Injury to Proximal Tubules of the Renal System Is Alleviated by Netrin-1 Suppression of Akt/mTOR. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:4193309. [PMID: 38033740 PMCID: PMC10684325 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4193309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys have a high level of Netrin-1 expression, which protects against some acute and chronic kidney disorders. However, it is yet unknown how Netrin-1 affects renal proximal tubule cells in diabetic nephropathy (DN) under pathological circumstances. Research has shown that autophagy protects the kidneys in animal models of renal disease. In this study, we looked at the probable autophagy regulation mechanism of Netrin-1 and its function in the pathogenesis of DN. We proved that in HK-2 cell, high blood sugar levels caused Netrin-1 to be downregulated, which then triggered the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and enhanced cell death and actin cytoskeleton disruption. By adding Netrin-1 or an autophagy activator in vitro, these pathogenic alterations were reverted. Our results indicate that Netrin-1 stimulates autophagy by blocking the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which underlies high-glucose-induced malfunction of the renal proximal tubules. After HK-2 cells were incubated with Netrin-1 recombination protein and rapamycin under HG conditions for 24 h, the apoptosis was significantly reduced, as shown by the higher levels of Bcl-2, as well as lower levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 (P = 0.012, Cohen's d = 0.489, Glass's delta = 0.23, Hedges' g = 0.641). This study reveals that targeting Netrin-1-related signaling has therapeutic potential for DN and advances our knowledge of the processes operating in renal proximal tubules in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Jiangsu 215008, China
| | - Xingna Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Jiangsu 215008, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Jiangsu 215008, China
| | - Aijie Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Jiangsu 215008, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Jiangsu 215008, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Jiangsu 215008, China
| | - Mian Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Jiangsu 215008, China
| | - Honghong Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Jiangsu 215008, China
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Xu D, Jiang C, Xiao Y, Ding H. Identification and validation of disulfidptosis-related gene signatures and their subtype in diabetic nephropathy. Front Genet 2023; 14:1287613. [PMID: 38028597 PMCID: PMC10658004 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1287613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes, and its pathogenesis is complex involving a variety of programmed cell death, inflammatory responses, and autophagy mechanisms. Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered mechanism of cell death. There are little studies about the role of disulfidptosis on DN. Methods: First, we obtained the data required for this study from the GeneCards database, the Nephroseq v5 database, and the GEO database. Through differential analysis, we obtained differential disulfidptosis-related genes. At the same time, through WGCNA analysis, we obtained key module genes in DN patients. The obtained intersecting genes were further screened by Lasso as well as SVM-RFE. By intersecting the results of the two, we ended up with a key gene for diabetic nephropathy. The diagnostic performance and expression of key genes were verified by the GSE30528, GSE30529, GSE96804, and Nephroseq v5 datasets. Using clinical information from the Nephroseq v5 database, we investigated the correlation between the expression of key genes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine content. Next, we constructed a nomogram and analyzed the immune microenvironment of patients with DN. The identification of subtypes facilitates individualized treatment of patients with DN. Results: We obtained 91 differential disulfidptosis-related genes. Through WGCNA analysis, we obtained 39 key module genes in DN patients. Taking the intersection of the two, we preliminarily screened 20 genes characteristic of DN. Through correlation analysis, we found that these 20 genes are positively correlated with each other. Further screening by Lasso and SVM-RFE algorithms and intersecting the results of the two, we identified CXCL6, CD48, C1QB, and COL6A3 as key genes in DN. Clinical correlation analysis found that the expression levels of key genes were closely related to eGFR. Immune cell infiltration is higher in samples from patients with DN than in normal samples. Conclusion: We identified and validated 4 DN key genes from disulfidptosis-related genes that CXCL6, CD48, C1QB, and COL6A3 may be key genes that promote the onset of DN and are closely related to the eGFR and immune cell infiltrated in the kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Xu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chonghao Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yonggui Xiao
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hanlu Ding
- Renal Division and Institute of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ma X, Guo Z, Zhao W, Chen L. Sweroside plays a role in mitigating high glucose-induced damage in human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells by regulating the SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 27:533-540. [PMID: 37884285 PMCID: PMC10613573 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.6.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Sweroside is a natural monoterpene derived from Swertia pseudochinensis Hara. Recently, studies have shown that sweroside exhibits a variety of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effects. However, its role and mechanisms in high glucose (HG)-induced renal injury remain unclear. Herein, we established a renal injury model in vitro by inducing human renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2 cells) injury by HG. Then, the effects of sweroside on HK-2 cell activity, inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) were observed. As a result, sweroside treatment ameliorated the viability, inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and VCAM-1), reduced the generation of ROS, and inhibited EMT in HK-2 cells. Moreover, the protein expression of SIRT1 was increased and the acetylation of p65 NF-kB was decreased in HK-2 cells with sweroside treatment. More importantly, EX527, an inhibitor of SIRT1, that inactivated SIRT1, abolished the improvement effects of sweroside on HK-2 cells. Our findings suggested that sweroside may mitigate HG-caused injury in HK-2 cells by promoting SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of p65 NF-kB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
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Liu W, Jin M, Chen Q, Li Q, Xing X, Luo Y, Sun X. Insight into extracellular vesicles in vascular diseases: intercellular communication role and clinical application potential. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:310. [PMID: 37907962 PMCID: PMC10617214 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells have been increasingly known to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the extracellular environment under physiological and pathological conditions. A plethora of studies have revealed that EVs contain cell-derived biomolecules and are found in circulation, thereby implicating them in molecular trafficking between cells. Furthermore, EVs have an effect on physiological function and disease development and serve as disease biomarkers. MAIN BODY Given the close association between EV circulation and vascular disease, this review aims to provide a brief introduction to EVs, with a specific focus on the EV cargoes participating in pathological mechanisms, diagnosis, engineering, and clinical potential, to highlight the emerging evidence suggesting promising targets in vascular diseases. Despite the expansion of research in this field, some noticeable limitations remain for clinical translational research. CONCLUSION This review makes a novel contribution to a summary of recent advances and a perspective on the future of EVs in vascular diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Jiang S, Su H. Cellular crosstalk of mesangial cells and tubular epithelial cells in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:288. [PMID: 37845726 PMCID: PMC10577991 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and imposes a heavy global economic burden; however, little is known about its complicated pathophysiology. Investigating the cellular crosstalk involved in DKD is a promising avenue for gaining a better understanding of its pathogenesis. Nonetheless, the cellular crosstalk of podocytes and endothelial cells in DKD is better understood than that of mesangial cells (MCs) and renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). As the significance of MCs and TECs in DKD pathophysiology has recently become more apparent, we reviewed the existing literature on the cellular crosstalk of MCs and TECs in the context of DKD to acquire a comprehensive understanding of their cellular communication. Insights into the complicated mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DKD would improve its early detection, care, and prognosis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Wang Y, Liu T, Cai Y, Liu W, Guo J. SIRT6's function in controlling the metabolism of lipids and glucose in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1244705. [PMID: 37876546 PMCID: PMC10591331 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1244705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the main cause of excess mortality in patients with type 2 DM. The pathogenesis and progression of DN are closely associated with disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism. As a member of the sirtuin family, SIRT6 has deacetylation, defatty-acylation, and adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation enzyme activities as well as anti-aging and anticancer activities. SIRT6 plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism and signaling, especially in DN. SIRT6 improves glucose and lipid metabolism by controlling glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, affecting insulin secretion and transmission and regulating lipid decomposition, transport, and synthesis. Targeting SIRT6 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for DN by improving glucose and lipid metabolism. This review elaborates on the important role of SIRT6 in glucose and lipid metabolism, discusses the potential of SIRT6 as a therapeutic target to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and alleviate DN occurrence and progression of DN, and describes the prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Country Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzi Cai
- Country Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Country Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li X, Zhong Y, Yue R, Xie J, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Li H, Xu Y, Zheng D. Inhibition of MiR-106b-5p mediated by exosomes mitigates acute kidney injury by modulating transmissible endoplasmic reticulum stress and M1 macrophage polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2876-2889. [PMID: 37471571 PMCID: PMC10538271 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), mainly caused by Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), is a common and severe life-threatening disease with high mortality. Accumulating evidence suggested a direct relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and AKI progression. However, the role of the transmissible ER stress response, a new modulator of cell-to-cell communication, in influencing intercellular communication between renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and macrophages in the AKI microenvironment remains to be determined. To address this issue, we first demonstrate that TECs undergoing ER stress are able to transmit ER stress to macrophages via exosomes, promoting macrophage polarization towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Besides, the miR-106b-5p/ATL3 signalling axis plays a pivotal role in the transmission of ER stress in the intercellular crosstalk between TECs and macrophages. We observed an apparent increase in the expression of miR-106b-5p in ER-stressed TECs. Furthermore, we confirmed that ALT3 is a potential target protein of miR-106b-5p. Notably, the inhibition of miR-106b-5p expression in macrophages not only restores ATL3 protein level but also decreases transmissible ER stress and hinders M1 polarization, thus alleviating AKI progression. Additionally, our results suggest that the level of exosomal miR-106b-5p in urine is closely correlated with the severity of AKI patients. Taken together, our study sheds new light on the crucial role of transmissible ER stress in the treatment of AKI through the regulation of the miR-106b-5p/ATL3 axis, offering new ideas for treating AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's HospitalHuai'anChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's HospitalHuai'anChina
| | - Yanan Zhong
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's HospitalHuai'anChina
| | - Rui Yue
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's HospitalHuai'anChina
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's HospitalHuai'anChina
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's HospitalHuai'anChina
| | - Yongtao Lin
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's HospitalHuai'anChina
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyJiangsu College of NursingHuai'anChina
| | - Hailun Li
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's HospitalHuai'anChina
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's HospitalHuai'anChina
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's HospitalHuai'anChina
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Lin Z, Lv D, Liao X, Peng R, Liu H, Wu T, Wu K, Sun Y, Zhang Z. CircUBXN7 promotes macrophage infiltration and renal fibrosis associated with the IGF2BP2-dependent SP1 mRNA stability in diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1226962. [PMID: 37744330 PMCID: PMC10516575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory cell infiltration is a novel hallmark of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), in part, by activated macrophages. Macrophage-to-tubular epithelial cell communication may play an important role in renal fibrosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported in the pathogenesis of various human diseases involving macrophages activation, including DKD. However, the exact mechanism of circRNAs in macrophage infiltration and renal fibrosis of DKD remains obscure. Methods In our study, a novel circRNA circUBXN7 was identified in DKD patients using microarray. The function of circUBXN7 in vitro and in vivo was investigated by qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Finally, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, ChIP, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation and rescue experiments were performed to investigate the mechanism of circUBXN7. Results We demonstrated that the expression of circUBXN7 was significantly upregulated in the plasma of DKD patients and correlated with renal function, which might serve as an independent biomarker for DKD patients. According to investigations, ectopic expression of circUBXN7 promoted macrophage activation, EMT and fibrosis in vitro, and increased macrophage infiltration, EMT, fibrosis and proteinuria in vivo. Mechanistically, circUBXN7 was transcriptionally upregulated by transcription factor SP1 and could reciprocally promote SP1 mRNA stability and activation via directly binding to the m6A-reader IGF2BP2 in DKD. Conclusion CircUBXN7 is highly expressed in DKD patients may provide the potential biomarker and therapeutic target for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Handeng Liu
- Center of Teaching and Learning, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianhui Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keqian Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li S, Zheng S, Li J, Lin S, Li H, Wang P, Chen P, Ma C, Liu Y. Research progress on extracellular vesicles in the renal tubular injury of diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1257430. [PMID: 37732129 PMCID: PMC10507342 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1257430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes and is a chronic progressive condition. It is also a common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is characterized by proteinuria or a progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate. Due to their dependence on high-energy and aerobic metabolism, renal tubules are more susceptible to the metabolic disturbances associated with DKD, leading to inflammation and fibrosis. Consequently, tubular injury has become a recent research focus, and significant advancements have been made in studying the role of extracellular vesicles in DKD-associated tubular injury. This review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms and potential applications of different types of extracellular vesicles in tubular injury in DKD to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Binzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yipeng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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Liu T, Jin Q, Yang L, Mao H, Ma F, Wang Y, Li P, Zhan Y. Regulation of autophagy by natural polyphenols in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: therapeutic potential and mechanism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1142276. [PMID: 37635982 PMCID: PMC10448531 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in renal physiology. In DKD, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products induces decreased renal autophagy-related protein expression and transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear transfer, leading to impaired autophagy and lysosomal function and blockage of autophagic flux. This accelerates renal resident cell injury and apoptosis, mediates macrophage infiltration and phenotypic changes, ultimately leading to aggravated proteinuria and fibrosis in DKD. Natural polyphenols show promise in treating DKD by regulating autophagy and promoting nuclear transfer of TFEB and lysosomal repair. This review summarizes the characteristics of autophagy in DKD, and the potential application and mechanisms of some known natural polyphenols as autophagy regulators in DKD, with the goal of contributing to a deeper understanding of natural polyphenol mechanisms in the treatment of DKD and promoting the development of their applications. Finally, we point out the limitations of polyphenols in current DKD research and provide an outlook for their future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yan J, Li X, Liu N, He JC, Zhong Y. Relationship between Macrophages and Tissue Microenvironments in Diabetic Kidneys. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1889. [PMID: 37509528 PMCID: PMC10377233 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Increasing evidence has suggested that inflammation is a key microenvironment involved in the development and progression of DN. Studies have confirmed that macrophage accumulation is closely related to the progression to human DN. Macrophage phenotype is highly regulated by the surrounding microenvironment in the diabetic kidneys. M1 and M2 macrophages represent distinct and sometimes coexisting functional phenotypes of the same population, with their roles implicated in pathological changes, such as in inflammation and fibrosis associated with the stage of DN. Recent findings from single-cell RNA sequencing of macrophages in DN further confirmed the heterogeneity and plasticity of the macrophages. In addition, intrinsic renal cells interact with macrophages directly or through changes in the tissue microenvironment. Macrophage depletion, modification of its polarization, and autophagy could be potential new therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Division of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Han Z, Liu Q, Li H, Zhang M, You L, Lin Y, Wang K, Gou Q, Wang Z, Zhou S, Cai Y, Yuan L, Chen H. The role of monocytes in thrombotic diseases: a review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1113827. [PMID: 37332592 PMCID: PMC10272466 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the number one killer threatening people's life and health, among which cardiovascular thrombotic events are the most common. As the cause of particularly serious cardiovascular events, thrombosis can trigger fatal crises such as acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction and unstable angina), cerebral infarction and so on. Circulating monocytes are an important part of innate immunity. Their main physiological functions are phagocytosis, removal of injured and senescent cells and their debris, and development into macrophages and dendritic cells. At the same time, they also participate in the pathophysiological processes of pro-coagulation and anticoagulation. According to recent studies, monocytes have been found to play a significant role in thrombosis and thrombotic diseases of the immune system. In this manuscript, we review the relationship between monocyte subsets and cardiovascular thrombotic events and analyze the role of monocytes in arterial thrombosis and their involvement in intravenous thrombolysis. Finally, we summarize the mechanism and therapeutic regimen of monocyte and thrombosis in hypertension, antiphospholipid syndrome, atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Luling You
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaoyin Gou
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanzhan Wang
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - YiJin Cai
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Science and Education Department, Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
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