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Pan YL, Shao YB, Wang J, Liu Z, Chen L, Li X. Kinetic Resolution of 2 H-Azirines by Asymmetric Allylation Reactions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying-Bo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Looking Back to Amycolatopsis: History of the Antibiotic Discovery and Future Prospects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101254. [PMID: 34680834 PMCID: PMC8532670 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria in recent decades leads us to an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial agents. The species of the genus Amycolatopsis are known as producers of secondary metabolites that are used in medicine and agriculture. The complete genome sequences of the Amycolatopsis demonstrate a wide variety of biosynthetic gene clusters, which highlights the potential ability of actinomycetes of this genus to produce new antibiotics. In this review, we summarize information about antibiotics produced by Amycolatopsis species. This knowledge demonstrates the prospects for further study of this genus as an enormous source of antibiotics.
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3
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Fujita K, Miura M, Funahashi Y, Hatanaka T, Nakamura S. Enantioselective Reaction of 2 H-Azirines with Oxazol-5-(4 H)-ones Catalyzed by Cinchona Alkaloid Sulfonamide Catalysts. Org Lett 2021; 23:2104-2108. [PMID: 33650878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective reaction of 2H-azirines with oxazol-5-(4H)-ones (oxazolones) using a cinchona alkaloid sulfonamide catalyst has been developed. The reaction proceeded at the C-2 position of oxazolones to afford products with consecutive tetrasubstituted stereogenic centers in high yield with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The obtained aziridines were converted into various chiral compounds without loss of enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Fujita
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masataka Miura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Funahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hatanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Frontier Research Institute for Material Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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4
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Nakamura S. Enantioselective Reaction of 2H-Azirines. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1323-1330. [PMID: 30861307 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2H-Azirines are useful precursors for the synthesis of a variety of chiral aziridine and amine derivatives with a range of biological activities. Owing to the ring strain and the presence of a C=N double bond, 2H-azirines are more reactive than other types of ketimine, and undergo a range of enantioselective reactions, including reduction and Diels-Alder reactions, as well as nucleophilic addition to the C=N double bond. Therefore, the enantioselective reactions of 2H-azirines has become a hot topic, in particular within the last few years. In this Minireview, we focus on the enantioselective reactions of 2H-azirines by using catalytic or stoichiometric amounts of chiral additives, the reaction mechanisms, and the applications of these reactions of 2H-azirines and related compounds in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakamura
- Frontier Research Institute for Material Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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5
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Peng Q, Guo D, Bie J, Wang J. Catalytic Enantioselective Aza-Benzoin Reactions of Aldehydes with 2H-Azirines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3767-3771. [PMID: 29436753 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented enantioselective aza-benzoin reaction of aldehydes with 2H-azirines was developed by utilizing a chiral N-heterocyclic carbene as the catalyst. A wide range of corresponding aziridines can be obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivities. The obtained optically active aziridines should be useful in the synthesis of other valuable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiupeng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Donghui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianbo Bie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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6
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Peng Q, Guo D, Bie J, Wang J. Catalytic Enantioselective Aza-Benzoin Reactions of Aldehydes with 2H
-Azirines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiupeng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Donghui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jianbo Bie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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7
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Nakamura S, Hayama D, Miura M, Hatanaka T, Funahashi Y. Catalytic Enantioselective Reaction of 2H-Azirines with Thiols Using Cinchona Alkaloid Sulfonamide Catalysts. Org Lett 2018; 20:856-859. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakamura
- Department
of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Frontier
Research Institute for Material Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Daiki Hayama
- Department
of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masataka Miura
- Department
of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hatanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University 1-1
Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Funahashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University 1-1
Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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8
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Tian D, Peng H, Liu Z, Tang W. Optically active N-alkyl aziridines via stereospecific reductive cyclization of α-mesylated acetamides. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00774h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of optically active N-alkyl aziridines has been realized for the first time by stereospecific reductive cyclization of optically active α-mesylated acetamides. A series of optically active N-alkyl aziridines are prepared in moderate to good yields and excellent ees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanshuai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Henian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Ziyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
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9
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Nakamura S, Hayama D. Enantioselective Reaction of 2H-Azirines with Phosphite Using Chiral Bis(imidazoline)/Zinc(II) Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8785-8789. [PMID: 28557241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The first highly enantioselective nucleophilic addition reaction of phosphites with 2H-azirines has been developed. The reaction was applied to various 3-substituted 2H-azirines using novel chiral bis(imidazoline)/ZnII catalysts to afford products in good yield with high enantioselectivity. The transformation of the obtained optically active aziridines showed that 2H-azirines act as either α,β- or β,β-dicarbocationic amine synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.,Frontier Research Institute for Material Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Daiki Hayama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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10
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Nakamura S, Hayama D. Enantioselective Reaction of 2H
-Azirines with Phosphite Using Chiral Bis(imidazoline)/Zinc(II) Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Material Science; Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku; Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Daiki Hayama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
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11
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Jackson DR, Yu X, Wang G, Patel AB, Calveras J, Barajas JF, Sasaki E, Metsä-Ketelä M, Liu HW, Rohr J, Tsai SC. Insights into Complex Oxidation during BE-7585A Biosynthesis: Structural Determination and Analysis of the Polyketide Monooxygenase BexE. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1137-47. [PMID: 26813028 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cores of aromatic polyketides are essential for their biological activities. Most type II polyketide synthases (PKSs) biosynthesize these core structures involving the minimal PKS, a PKS-associated ketoreductase (KR) and aromatases/cyclases (ARO/CYCs). Oxygenases (OXYs) are rarely involved. BE-7585A is an anticancer polyketide with an angucyclic core. (13)C isotope labeling experiments suggest that its angucyclic core may arise from an oxidative rearrangement of a linear anthracyclinone. Here, we present the crystal structure and functional analysis of BexE, the oxygenase proposed to catalyze this key oxidative rearrangement step that generates the angucyclinone framework. Biochemical assays using various linear anthracyclinone model compounds combined with docking simulations narrowed down the substrate of BexE to be an immediate precursor of aklaviketone, possibly 12-deoxy-aklaviketone. The structural analysis, docking simulations, and biochemical assays provide insights into the role of BexE in BE-7585A biosynthesis and lay the groundwork for engineering such framework-modifying enzymes in type II PKSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Jackson
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, and
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Xia Yu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Guojung Wang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Avinash B. Patel
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, and
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jordi Calveras
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jesus F. Barajas
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, and
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Eita Sasaki
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | - Hung-wen Liu
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Shiou-Chuan Tsai
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, and
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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12
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Choi E, Nam SJ, Paul L, Beatty D, Kauffman C, Jensen P, Fenical W. Previously Uncultured Marine Bacteria Linked to Novel Alkaloid Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:1270-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Khani SK, Cundari TR. A comparison of the Simmons-Smith reaction with carbenoids to nitrenoids and oxenoids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Zardi P, Pozzoli A, Ferretti F, Manca G, Mealli C, Gallo E. A mechanistic investigation of the ruthenium porphyrin catalysed aziridination of olefins by aryl azides. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10479-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00951k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A combination of DFT and kinetic studies suggests a mechanism for olefin aziridination by organic azides catalysed by ruthenium porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Zardi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- I-20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - A. Pozzoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- I-20133 Milan
- Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC)
| | - F. Ferretti
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- I-20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - G. Manca
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici
- ICCOM-CNR
- I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - C. Mealli
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici
- ICCOM-CNR
- I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - E. Gallo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- I-20133 Milan
- Italy
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15
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Degennaro L, Trinchera P, Luisi R. Recent advances in the stereoselective synthesis of aziridines. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7881-929. [PMID: 24823261 DOI: 10.1021/cr400553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via Edoardo Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
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16
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Vila-Gisbert S, Urbano A, Carreño MC. Model studies towards the challenging angularly-oxygenated core of several angucyclinones from an oxidative dearomatization strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3561-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Lebel H, Parmentier M, Leogane O, Ross K, Spitz C. Copper bis(oxazolines) as catalysts for stereoselective aziridination of styrenes with N-tosyloxycarbamates. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Kharel MK, Pahari P, Shepherd MD, Tibrewal N, Nybo SE, Shaaban KA, Rohr J. Angucyclines: Biosynthesis, mode-of-action, new natural products, and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:264-325. [PMID: 22186970 PMCID: PMC11412254 DOI: 10.1039/c1np00068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 to 2010. The angucycline group is the largest group of type II PKS-engineered natural products, rich in biological activities and chemical scaffolds. This stimulated synthetic creativity and biosynthetic inquisitiveness. The synthetic studies used five different strategies, involving Diels-Alder reactions, nucleophilic additions, electrophilic additions, transition-metal mediated cross-couplings and intramolecular cyclizations to generate the angucycline frames. Biosynthetic studies were particularly intriguing when unusual framework rearrangements by post-PKS tailoring oxidoreductases occurred, or when unusual glycosylation reactions were involved in decorating the benz[a]anthracene-derived cores. This review follows our previous reviews, which were published in 1992 and 1997, and covers new angucycline group antibiotics published between 1997 and 2010. However, in contrast to the previous reviews, the main focus of this article is on new synthetic approaches and biosynthetic investigations, most of which were published between 1997 and 2010, but go beyond, e.g. for some biosyntheses all the way back to the 1980s, to provide the necessary context of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan K Kharel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
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Ogasawara Y, Liu HW. Biosynthetic studies of aziridine formation in azicemicins. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:18066-8. [PMID: 19928906 DOI: 10.1021/ja907307h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The azicemicins, which are angucycline-type antibiotics produced by the actinomycete, Kibdelosporangium sp. MJ126-NF4, contain an aziridine ring attached to the polyketide core. Feeding experiments using [1-(13)C]acetate or [1,2-(13)C(2)]acetate indicated that the angucycline skeleton is biosynthesized by a type II polyketide synthase. Isotope-tracer experiments using deuterium-labeled amino acids revealed that aspartic acid is the precursor of the aziridine moiety. Subsequent cloning and sequencing efforts led to the identification of the azicemicin (azic) gene cluster spanning approximately 50 kbp. The cluster harbors genes typical for type II polyketide synthesis. Also contained in the cluster are genes for two adenylyl transferases, a decarboxylase, an additional acyl carrier protein (ACP), and several oxygenases. On the basis of the assigned functions of these genes, a possible pathway for aziridine ring formation in the azecimicins can now be proposed. To obtain support for the proposed biosynthetic pathway, two genes encoding adenylyltransferases were overexpressed and the resulting proteins were purified. Enzyme assays showed that one of the adenylyltransferases specifically recognizes aspartic acid, providing strong evidence, in addition to the feeding experiments, that aspartate is the precursor of the aziridine moiety. The results reported herein set the stage for future biochemical studies of aziridine biosynthesis and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Ogasawara
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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20
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Pahari P, Senapati B, Mal D. 4-Fluorocyclohexa-2,5-dienones as new acceptors for the Hauser annulation. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Dhingra G, Kumari R, Bala S, Majumdar S, Malhotra S, Sharma P, Lal S, Cullum J, Lal R. Development of cloning vectors and transformation methods for Amycolatopsis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 30:195-204. [PMID: 12687493 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-003-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2002] [Accepted: 01/08/2003] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The genus Amycolatopsis is of industrial importance, as its species are known to produce commercial antibiotics. It belongs to the family Pseudonocardiaceae and has an eventful taxonomic history. Initially strains were identified as Streptomyces, then later as Nocardia. However, based on biochemical, morphological and molecular features, the genus Amycolatopsis, containing seventeen species, was created. The development of molecular genetic techniques for this group has been slow. The scarcity of molecular genetic tools including stable plasmids, antibiotic resistance markers, transposons, reporter genes, cloning vectors, and high efficiency transformation protocols has made progress slow, but efforts in the past decade have led to the development of cloning vectors and transformation methods for these organisms. Some of the cloning vectors have broad host range (pRL series) whereas others have limited host range (pMEA300 and pMEA100). The cloning vector pMEA300 has been completely sequenced, while only the minimal replicon (pA- rep) has been sequenced from pRL plasmids. Direct transformation of mycelia and electroporation are the most widely applicable methods for transforming species of Amycolatopsis. Conjugational transfer from Escherichia coli has been reported only in the species A. japonicum, and gene disruption and replacements using homologous recombination are now possible in some strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Dhingra
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Delhi, Department of Zoology, Delhi 110007, India
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