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Master NG, Markande AR, Patel JK. Comparative negation of amphiphile production using nutrition factors: Amyloids versus biosurfactants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130909. [PMID: 38492695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Microbial amphiphiles play an important role in environmental activities such as microbial signaling, bioremediation, and biofilm formation. Microorganisms rely on their unique characteristics of interfaces to carry out critical biological functions, which are helped by amphipathic biomolecules known as amphiphiles. Bacillus amyloids aid in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. Pseudomonas sp. are essential in biofilm development and are a vital survival strategy for many bacteria. Furthermore, Pseudomonas and Bacillus are well-known for their ability to produce biosurfactants with a range of applications, including bioremediation and removing biological pollutants from different environments. The study employed 31 different media types and a range of analytical techniques to assess the presence of amyloid proteins and the absence of biosurfactants in Bacillus licheniformis K125 (GQ850525.1) and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0. The presence of amyloid proteins was confirmed through Congo red and thioflavin T staining. The carefully constructed medium also efficiently inhibited the synthesis of biosurfactants by these bacteria. Additionally, surface tension measurements, emulsification index, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography analyses indicated the absence of biosurfactants in the tested media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita G Master
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences (PDPIAS), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Anoop R Markande
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences (PDPIAS), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Gujarat 388421, India.
| | - Janki K Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences (PDPIAS), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Gujarat 388421, India
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Castaldi A, Truong BN, Vu QT, Le THM, Marie A, Le Pennec G, Rouvier F, Brunel JM, Longeon A, Pham VC, Doan TMH, Bourguet-Kondracki ML. Computational Methods Reveal a Series of Cyclic and Linear Lichenysins and Surfactins from the Vietnamese Marine Sediment-Derived Streptomyces Strain G222. Molecules 2024; 29:1458. [PMID: 38611738 PMCID: PMC11012875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Streptomyces strain G222, isolated from a Vietnamese marine sediment, was confidently identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Its AcOEt crude extract was successfully analyzed using non-targeted LC-MS/MS analysis, and molecular networking, leading to a putative annotation of its chemical diversity thanks to spectral libraries from GNPS and in silico metabolite structure prediction obtained from SIRIUS combined with the bioinformatics tool conCISE (Consensus Annotation Propagation of in silico Elucidations). This dereplication strategy allowed the identification of an interesting cluster of a series of putative cyclic and linear lipopeptides of the lichenysin and surfactin families. Lichenysins (3-7) were isolated from the sub-fraction, which showed significant anti-biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa MUC-N1. Their structures were confirmed by detailed 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, TOCSY, ROESY) recorded in CD3OH, and their absolute configurations were determined using the modified Marfey's method. The isolated lichenysins showed anti-biofilm activity at a minimum concentration of 100 µM. When evaluated for antibacterial activity against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, two isolated lichenysins exhibited selective activity against the MRSA strain without affecting its growth curve and without membranotropic activity. This study highlights the power of the MS/MS spectral similarity strategy using computational methods to obtain a cross-validation of the annotated molecules from the complex metabolic profile of a marine sediment-derived Streptomyces extract. This work provides the first report from a Streptomyces strain of combined cyclic and linear lichenysins and surfactins, known to be characteristic compounds of the genus Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Castaldi
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier (CP54), 75005 Paris, France; (A.C.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Bich Ngan Truong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (B.N.T.); (Q.T.V.); (T.H.M.L.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Quyen Thi Vu
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (B.N.T.); (Q.T.V.); (T.H.M.L.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Thi Hong Minh Le
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (B.N.T.); (Q.T.V.); (T.H.M.L.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Arul Marie
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier (CP54), 75005 Paris, France; (A.C.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Gaël Le Pennec
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Université Bretagne Sud, EMR CNRS 6076, IUEM, 56100 Lorient, France;
| | - Florent Rouvier
- UMR MD1 “Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques”, U1261 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, CEDEX 5, 13385 Marseille, France; (F.R.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Jean-Michel Brunel
- UMR MD1 “Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques”, U1261 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, CEDEX 5, 13385 Marseille, France; (F.R.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Arlette Longeon
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier (CP54), 75005 Paris, France; (A.C.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Van Cuong Pham
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (B.N.T.); (Q.T.V.); (T.H.M.L.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Thi Mai Huong Doan
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (B.N.T.); (Q.T.V.); (T.H.M.L.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier (CP54), 75005 Paris, France; (A.C.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
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Shleeva MO, Kondratieva DA, Kaprelyants AS. Bacillus licheniformis: A Producer of Antimicrobial Substances, including Antimycobacterials, Which Are Feasible for Medical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1893. [PMID: 37514078 PMCID: PMC10383908 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis produces several classes of antimicrobial substances, including bacteriocins, which are peptides or proteins with different structural composition and molecular mass: ribosomally synthesized by bacteria (1.4-20 kDa), non-ribosomally synthesized peptides and cyclic lipopeptides (0.8-42 kDa) and exopolysaccharides (>1000 kDa). Different bacteriocins act against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, fungal pathogens and amoeba cells. The main mechanisms of bacteriocin lytic activity include interaction of peptides with membranes of target cells resulting in structural alterations, pore-forming, and inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis. DNase and RNase activity for some bacteriocines are also postulated. Non-ribosomal peptides are synthesized by special non-ribosomal multimodular peptide synthetases and contain unnatural amino acids or fatty acids. Their harmful effect is due to their ability to form pores in biological membranes, destabilize lipid packaging, and disrupt the peptidoglycan layer. Lipopeptides, as biosurfactants, are able to destroy bacterial biofilms. Secreted polysaccharides are high molecular weight compounds, composed of repeated units of sugar moieties attached to a carrier lipid. Their antagonistic action was revealed in relation to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Exopolysaccharides also inhibit the formation of biofilms by pathogenic bacteria and prevent their colonization on various surfaces. However, mechanism of the harmful effect for many secreted antibacterial substances remains unknown. The antimicrobial activity for most substances has been studied in vitro only, but some substances have been characterized in vivo and they have found practical applications in medicine and veterinary. The cyclic lipopeptides that have surfactant properties are used in some industries. In this review, special attention is paid to the antimycobacterials produced by B. licheniformis as a possible approach to combat multidrug-resistant and latent tuberculosis. In particular, licheniformins and bacitracins have shown strong antimycobacterial activity. However, the medical application of some antibacterials with promising in vitro antimycobacterial activity has been limited by their toxicity to animals and humans. As such, similar to the enhancement in the antimycobacterial activity of natural bacteriocins achieved using genetic engineering, the reduction in toxicity using the same approach appears feasible. The unique capability of B. licheniformis to synthesize and produce a range of different antibacterial compounds means that this organism can act as a natural universal vehicle for antibiotic substances in the form of probiotic cultures and strains to combat various types of pathogens, including mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita O Shleeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology', Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kondratieva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology', Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseny S Kaprelyants
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology', Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Bioactivity and Metabolome Mining of Deep-Sea Sediment-Derived Microorganisms Reveal New Hybrid PKS-NRPS Macrolactone from Aspergillus versicolor PS108-62. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020095. [PMID: 36827136 PMCID: PMC9961484 DOI: 10.3390/md21020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite low temperatures, poor nutrient levels and high pressure, microorganisms thrive in deep-sea environments of polar regions. The adaptability to such extreme environments renders deep-sea microorganisms an encouraging source of novel, bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, we isolated 77 microorganisms collected by a remotely operated vehicle from the seafloor in the Fram Strait, Arctic Ocean (depth of 2454 m). Thirty-two bacteria and six fungal strains that represented the phylogenetic diversity of the isolates were cultured using an One-Strain-Many-Compounds (OSMAC) approach. The crude EtOAc extracts were tested for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. While antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecium was common for many isolates, only two bacteria displayed anticancer activity, and two fungi inhibited the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Due to bioactivity against C. albicans and rich chemical diversity based on molecular network-based untargeted metabolomics, Aspergillus versicolor PS108-62 was selected for an in-depth chemical investigation. A chemical work-up of the SPE-fractions of its dichloromethane subextract led to the isolation of a new PKS-NRPS hybrid macrolactone, versicolide A (1), a new quinazoline (-)-isoversicomide A (3), as well as three known compounds, burnettramic acid A (2), cyclopenol (4) and cyclopenin (5). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of HRMS, NMR, [α]D, FT-IR spectroscopy and computational approaches. Due to the low amounts obtained, only compounds 2 and 4 could be tested for bioactivity, with 2 inhibiting the growth of C. albicans (IC50 7.2 µg/mL). These findings highlight, on the one hand, the vast potential of the genus Aspergillus to produce novel chemistry, particularly from underexplored ecological niches such as the Arctic deep sea, and on the other, the importance of untargeted metabolomics for selection of marine extracts for downstream chemical investigations.
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Gudiña EJ, Teixeira JA. Bacillus licheniformis: The unexplored alternative for the anaerobic production of lipopeptide biosurfactants? Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108013. [PMID: 35752271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biosurfactants have attracted the attention of researchers and companies for the last decades, as they are considered promising candidates to replace chemical surfactants in numerous applications. Although in the last years, considerable advances were performed regarding strain engineering and the use of low-cost substrates in order to reduce their production costs, one of the main bottlenecks is their production at industrial scale. Conventional aerobic biosurfactant production processes result in excessive foaming, due to the use of high agitation and aeration rates necessary to increase dissolved oxygen concentration to allow microbial growth and biosurfactant production. Different approaches have been studied to overcome this problem, although with limited success. A not widely explored alternative is the development of foam-free processes through the anaerobic growth of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms. Surfactin, produced by Bacillus subtilis, is the most widely studied lipopeptide biosurfactant, and the most powerful biosurfactant known so far. Bacillus licheniformis strains produce lichenysin, a lipopeptide biosurfactant which structure is similar to surfactin. However, despite its extraordinary surface-active properties and potential applications, lichenysin has been scarcely studied. According to previous studies, B. licheniformis is better adapted to anaerobic growth than B. subtilis, and could be a good alternative for the anaerobic production of lipopeptide biosurfactants. In this review, the potential and limitations of surfactin and lichenysin production under anaerobic conditions will be analyzed, and the possibility of implementing foam-free processes for lichenysin production, in order to expand the market and applications of biosurfactants in different fields, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Gudiña
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Zhou H, Cong B, Tian Y, He Y, Yang H. Characterization of novel cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus sp. SY27F. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Induction of apoptosis in lung carcinoma cells by antiproliferative cyclic lipopeptides from marine algicolous isolate Bacillus atrophaeus strain AKLSR1. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhou H, He Y, Tian Y, Cong B, Yang H. Bacilohydrin A, a New Cytotoxic Cyclic Lipopeptide of Surfactins Class Produced by Bacillus sp. SY27F from the Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vent. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1901400137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacilohydrin A, a new cyclic lipopeptide composed of seven mixed D/L-amino acids (L-Ile1—L-Leu2—D-Asp3—L-Val4—L-Leu5—L-Leu6—L-Gln7) and a ( R)-3-hydroxy-12-methyltetradecanoic acid (HMT) residue, was isolated from the crude culture extract of Bacillus sp. SY27F, which was obtained from the Indian Ocean hydrothermal vent. Its planar structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (MS/MS), whereas its absolute configuration was determined by modified Marfey's analysis. Bacilohydrin A displayed significant cytotoxicities against DU-145, MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 50.3-175.1 nM. Additionally, this is the first time to determine the absolute configuration of a D-aspartic acid residue in surfactin class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yongqi Tian
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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Adeniji AA, Aremu OS, Babalola OO. Selecting lipopeptide-producing, Fusarium-suppressing Bacillus spp.: Metabolomic and genomic probing of Bacillus velezensis NWUMFkBS10.5. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00742. [PMID: 30358165 PMCID: PMC6562122 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of this study indicate that the maize rhizosphere remains a reservoir for microbial strains with unique beneficial properties. The study sought to provide an indigenous Bacillus strain with a bioprotective potential to alleviate maize fusariosis in South Africa. We selected seven Bacillus isolates (MORWBS1.1, MARBS2.7, VERBS5.5, MOREBS6.3, MOLBS8.5, MOLBS8.6, and NWUMFkBS10.5) with biosuppressive effects against two maize fungal pathogens (Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum) based on 16S rDNA gene characterization and lipopeptide gene analysis. The PCR analysis revealed that lipopeptide genes encoding the synthesis of iturin, surfactin, and fengycin might be responsible for their antifungal activities. Few of the isolates also showed possible biosurfactant capability, and their susceptibility to known antibiotics is indicative of their eco‐friendly attributes. In addition, in silico genomic analysis of our best isolate (Bacillus velezensis NWUMFkBS10.5) and characterization of its active metabolite with FTIR, NMR, and ESI‐Micro‐Tof MS confirmed the presence of valuable genes clusters and metabolic pathways. The versatile genomic potential of our Bacillus isolate emphasizes the continued relevance of Bacillus spp. in biological management of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetomiwa Ayodele Adeniji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Oluwole Samuel Aremu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Habe H, Taira T, Imura T. Surface Activity and Ca 2+-Dependent Aggregation Property of Lichenysin Produced by Bacillus licheniformis NBRC 104464. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1307-1313. [PMID: 30305561 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis NBRC 104464 produces a cyclic lipopeptide different from surfactin. After we performed liquid chromatography fractionation and purification, we used structural analyses to identify the cyclic lipopeptide as lichenysin. Surface tension measurements of lichenysin sodium salt in water yielded a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1.0×10-5 M. The surface tension at the CMC was 28.9 mN/m. Comparative analysis of Ca2+-influenced micellar aggregation of lichenysin and surfactin revealed that the formation rate of the lichenysin-Ca2+ complex aggregate remained low up to a [Ca2+]/[lichenysin] molar ratio of 80, whereas the surfactin-Ca2+ complex formed micellar aggregates at the same molar ratio. Further excessive addition of Ca2+ to the micellar solution of lichenysin induced higher turbidity than surfactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Habe
- Environmental Management Research Institute, AIST
| | - Toshiaki Taira
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Tomohiro Imura
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Coronel JR, Marqués A, Manresa Á, Aranda FJ, Teruel JA, Ortiz A. Interaction of the Lipopeptide Biosurfactant Lichenysin with Phosphatidylcholine Model Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9997-10005. [PMID: 28885026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lichenysins produced by Bacillus licheniformis are anionic lipopeptide biosurfactants with cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and hemolytic activities that possess enormous potential for chemical and biological applications. Through the use of physical techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as well as molecular dynamics simulations, we report on the interaction of Lichenysin with synthetic phosphatidylcholines differing in hydrocarbon chain length. Lichenysin alters the thermotropic phase behavior of phosphatidylcholines, displaying fluid-phase immiscibility and showing a preferential partitioning into fluid domains. The interlamellar repeat distance of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is modified, affecting both the phospholipid palisade and the lipid/water interface, which also experiences a strong dehydration. Molecular dynamics confirms that Lichenysin is capable of interacting both with the hydrophobic portion of DPPC and with the polar headgroup region, which is of particular relevance to explain much of its properties. The results presented here help to establish a molecular basis for the Lichenysin-induced perturbation of model and biological membranes previously described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Coronel
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL , Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Ana Marqués
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona , Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángeles Manresa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona , Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Aranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia , Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Teruel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia , Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Ortiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia , Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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Joshi SJ, Al-Wahaibi YM, Al-Bahry SN, Elshafie AE, Al-Bemani AS, Al-Bahri A, Al-Mandhari MS. Production, Characterization, and Application of Bacillus licheniformis W16 Biosurfactant in Enhancing Oil Recovery. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1853. [PMID: 27933041 PMCID: PMC5120096 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosurfactant production by Bacillus licheniformis W16 and evaluation of biosurfactant based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) using core-flood under reservoir conditions were investigated. Previously reported nine different production media were screened for biosurfactant production, and two were further optimized with different carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, starch, cane molasses, or date molasses), as well as the strain was screened for biosurfactant production during the growth in different media. The biosurfactant reduced the surface tension and interfacial tension to 24.33 ± 0.57 mN m-1 and 2.47 ± 0.32 mN m-1 respectively within 72 h, at 40°C, and also altered the wettability of a hydrophobic surface by changing the contact angle from 55.67 ± 1.6 to 19.54°± 0.96°. The critical micelle dilution values of 4X were observed. The biosurfactants were characterized by different analytical techniques and identified as lipopeptide, similar to lichenysin-A. The biosurfactant was stable over wide range of extreme environmental conditions. The core flood experiments showed that the biosurfactant was able to enhance the oil recovery by 24-26% over residual oil saturation (Sor). The results highlight the potential application of lipopeptide biosurfactant in wettability alteration and microbial EOR processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket J. Joshi
- Central Analytical and Applied Research Unit, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Yahya M. Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Saif N. Al-Bahry
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | | | - Ali S. Al-Bemani
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Asma Al-Bahri
- Central Analytical and Applied Research Unit, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
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Favaro G, Bogialli S, Di Gangi IM, Nigris S, Baldan E, Squartini A, Pastore P, Baldan B. Characterization of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus licheniformis using liquid chromatography with accurate tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2237-2252. [PMID: 27487987 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The plant endophyte Bacillus licheniformis, isolated from leaves of Vitis vinifera, was studied to individuate and characterize the presence of bioactive lipopeptides having amino acidic structures. METHODS Crude extracts of liquid cultures were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer. Chromatographic conditions were optimized in order to obtain an efficient separation of the different isobaric lipopeptides, avoiding merged fragmentations of co-eluted isomeric compounds and reducing possible cross-talk phenomena. Composition of the amino acids was outlined through the interpretation of the fragmentation behavior in tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) mode, which showed both common-class and peculiar fragment ions. Both [M + H](+) and [M + Na](+) precursor ions were fragmented in order to differentiate some isobaric amino acids, i.e. Leu/Ile. Neutral losses characteristic of the iso acyl chain were also evidenced. RESULTS More than 90 compounds belonging to the classes of surfactins and lichenysins, known as biosurfactant molecules, were detected. Sequential LC/HRMS/MS analysis was used to identify linear and cyclic lipopeptides, and to single out the presence of a large number of isomers not previously reported. Some critical issues related to the simultaneous selection of different compounds by the quadrupole filter were highlighted and partially solved, leading to tentative assignments of several structures. Linear lichenysins are described here for the first time. CONCLUSIONS The approach was proved to be useful for the characterization of non-target lipopeptides, and proposes a rationale MS experimental scheme aimed to investigate the difference in amino acid sequence and/or in the acyl chain of the various congeners, when standards are not available. Results expanded the knowledge about production of linear and cyclic bioactive compounds from Bacillus licheniformis, clarifying the structures of isomeric forms, and enabling the use of selected endophytes to produce fungicides for eco-friendly biocontrol. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Favaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Iole Maria Di Gangi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Baldan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
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14
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Characterization of Biosurfactant Produced by Bacillus licheniformis TT42 Having Potential for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:248-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Coronel JR, Aranda FJ, Teruel JA, Marqués A, Manresa Á, Ortiz A. Kinetic and Structural Aspects of the Permeabilization of Biological and Model Membranes by Lichenysin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:78-87. [PMID: 26652062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The various lichenysins produced by Bacillus licheniformis are anionic surfactants with interesting properties. Here it is shown that lichenysin caused hemolysis of human erythrocytes, which varied with lichenysin concentration in a sigmoidal manner. The release of K(+) from red blood cells induced by lichenysin preceded the leakage of hemoglobin, and in addition, hemolysis could be impeded by the presence of compounds in the external medium having a size larger than that of PEG 3350, indicating a colloid-osmotic mechanism for hemolysis. Lichenysin also caused permeabilization of model phospholipid membranes, which was a slow process with an initial lag period of 10-20 s observed for all lichenysin concentrations. A high cholesterol ratio in the membrane decreased the extent of leakage as compared to that of pure POPC, whereas at lower ratios the effect of cholesterol was the opposite, enhancing the extent of leakage. POPE was found to decrease the extent of leakage at all the concentrations assayed, and inclusion of DPPC resulted in a considerable increase in CF leakage extent. From this scenario it was concluded that lipid membrane composition plays a role in the target membrane selectivity of lichenysin. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that lichenysin is well distributed along the bilayer, and Na(+) ions can penetrate inside the bilayer through the lichenysin molecules. The presence of lichenysin in the membrane increases the permeability of the membrane to hydrophilic molecules facilitating its flux across the lipid palisade. The results presented in this work contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms that explain the biological actions of lichenysin related to biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Coronel
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona , Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Aranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Teruel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Marqués
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona , Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángeles Manresa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona , Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Ortiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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16
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Rønning HT, Madslien EH, Asp TN, Granum PE. Identification and quantification of lichenysin - a possible source of food poisoning. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:2120-30. [PMID: 26414385 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1096967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lichenysin produced by 53 different Bacillus licheniformis strains has been structurally examined with a qualitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The same lichenysin isoforms are produced from all strains, indicating that the growth conditions have a stronger influence on the lipopeptide production than the genotype. A rapid method for the quantification of lichenysin from bacterial cell cultures with LC-MS/MS after a simple methanol extraction has been refined. For the first time commercially available lichenysin has been used as calibrant, making quantification more accurate. The trueness for C15-lichenysin has been improved to 94% using matrix-matched calibration with lichenysin compared with 30% using solvent calibration with surfactin. The quantitative method was fully validated based on Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The LOD of the method was below 1 µg g(-1) and the repeatability ranged from 10% to 16%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Henie Madslien
- b Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt FFI , Norwegian Defence Research Establishment , Kjeller , Norway
| | - Tone Normann Asp
- a School of Veterinary Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Per Einar Granum
- a School of Veterinary Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
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17
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Tanaka K, Amaki Y, Ishihara A, Nakajima H. Synergistic Effects of [Ile⁷]Surfactin Homologues with Bacillomycin D in Suppression of Gray Mold Disease by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Biocontrol Strain SD-32. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5344-5353. [PMID: 25976169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biocontrol strain SD-32 produces powerful antifungal lipopeptides, C17 bacillomycin D homologues. In the course of the investigation we found that the antifungal activity of the culture supernatant of this bacterium was not ascribed exclusively to bacillomycin D. We attempted to identify metabolites other than bacillomycin D to gain insight into the mechanism for the biocontrol by this bacterium. After purifying the fractions of the culture supernatant exhibiting synergistic activity with bacillomycin D, we isolated two new cyclic lipodepsipeptides, anteiso-C13 and iso-C13 [Ile(7)]surfactins, together with three known [Ile(7)]surfactins. Interestingly, [Ile(7)]surfactins showed synergistic activities with bacillomycin D to gray mold disease on cucumber leaves but not to Botrytis cinerea itself in vitro, suggesting that the synergistic effects might be on infection processes of the fungus. Actually, we observed that they did not show synergistic actions on conidial germination or mycelial growth of B. cinerea on the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijitsu Tanaka
- †Tsukuba Research and Technology Center, SDS Biotech K.K., Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan
| | - Yusuke Amaki
- †Tsukuba Research and Technology Center, SDS Biotech K.K., Midorigahara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- ‡Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakajima
- ‡Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Chemical structure, property and potential applications of biosurfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis in petroleum recovery and spill mitigation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4814-37. [PMID: 25741767 PMCID: PMC4394451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides produced by microorganisms are one of the five major classes of biosurfactants known and they have received much attention from scientific and industrial communities due to their powerful interfacial and biological activities as well as environmentally friendly characteristics. Microbially produced lipopeptides are a series of chemical structural analogues of different families and, among them, 26 families covering about 90 lipopeptide compounds have been reported in the last two decades. This paper reviews the chemical structural characteristics and molecular behaviors of surfactin, one of the representative lipopeptides of the 26 families. In particular, two novel surfactin molecules isolated from cell-free cultures of Bacillus subtilis HSO121 are presented. Surfactins exhibit strong self-assembly ability to form sphere-like micelles and larger aggregates at very low concentrations. The amphipathic and surface properties of surfactins are related to the existence of the minor polar and major hydrophobic domains in the three 3-D conformations. In addition, the application potential of surfactin in bioremediation of oil spills and oil contaminants, and microbial enhanced oil recovery are discussed.
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19
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Wu Q, Zhang R, Peng S, Xu Y. Transcriptional characteristics associated with lichenysin biosynthesis in Bacillus licheniformis from Chinese Maotai-flavor liquor making. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:888-893. [PMID: 25561250 DOI: 10.1021/jf5036806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the biosynthetic mechanism of lichenysin, the newly identified nonvolatile matrix component in Chinese liquors. Transcriptomes were analyzed in three producers, Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC 3961, 3962, and 3963, which were isolated from Maotai-flavor liquor-making process and produced 386.3, 553.5, and 795.2 μg/L lichenysin in a simulative liquor fermentation process. Lichenysin synthetase genes lchAA-AD in these three producers were expressed much more highly than those of the nonproducer B. licheniformis ATCC 14580 (>18.4-fold). In addition, ABC transporters were the most significant responsive metabolic pathway, and the expression levels of peptide transporter genes dppABCDE all increased more than 19.2-fold. When B. licheniformis CGMCC 3963 was cultured in synthetic medium, the expression of dppABCDE and lichenysin both increased with the addition of casein hydrolysate (containing various peptides). This indicated that peptide would act as a substrate for lichenysin synthesis. This work sheds new light on the mechanism for lichenysin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu, China 214122
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20
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You J, Yang SZ, Mu BZ. Structural characterization of lipopeptides fromEnterobactersp. strain N18 reveals production of surfactin homologues. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia You
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shi-Zhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Bo-Zhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
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21
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Zhang R, Wu Q, Xu Y, Qian MC. Isolation, identification, and quantification of lichenysin, a novel nonvolatile compound in Chinese distilled spirits. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C1907-15. [PMID: 25250990 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonvolatile components influence overall flavor volatility and perception in alcoholic beverages. However, little information has been reported about the nonvolatile compounds in Chinese distilled spirits. For the first time, we isolated and identified a cyclic lipopeptide "lichenysin" as a novel nonvolatile compound in Chinese liquors, using preparative high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance. The concentrations of lichenysin were quantified in 14 main types of bottled Chinese liquors by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The concentrations of lichenysin in Chinese liquor ranged from 0.01 to 111.74 μg/L, where the concentration was the highest in Dongjiu liquor. Furthermore, we found that lichenysin selectively affected aroma volatility in the Chinese liquor, using the headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The headspace concentrations of 2-phenylethanol, phenol, and 4-methylphenol significantly decreased by respectively 58%, 76%, and 59% in 3 Chinese commercial liquors with an increase in lichenysin. These results indicated that lichenysin could be a novel nonvolatile compound that selectively affected aroma volatility in Chinese liquors. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This was the first report that lichenysin was isolated, identified, and quantified as a nonvolatile compound in traditional Chinese liquors. Lichenysin selectively affected the volatility of the aroma compounds in Chinese liquors. So far, there is no report on lichenysin in other alcoholic beverages. It would give a new insight into flavoromics in food and help to improve aroma quality of Chinese liquors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan Univ, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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22
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Guo M, Pan Y, Zhang R, Cao Y, Chen J, Pan Y. The specific cleavage of lactone linkage to open-loop in cyclic lipopeptide during negative ESI tandem mass spectrometry: the hydrogen bond interaction effect of 4-ethyl guaiacol. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104835. [PMID: 25144459 PMCID: PMC4140680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a valuable tool for the analysis and identification of chemical compounds, particularly proteins and peptides. Lichenysins G, the major cyclic lipopeptide of lichenysin, and the non-covalent complex of lichenysins G and 4-ethylguaiacol were investigated with negative ion ESI tandem mass spectrometry. The different fragmentation mechanisms for these compounds were investigated. Our study shows the 4-ethylguaiacol hydrogen bond with the carbonyl oxygen of the ester group in the loop of lichenysins G. With the help of this hydrogen bond interaction, the ring structure preferentially opens in lactone linkage rather than O-C bond of the ester-group to produce alcohol and ketene. Isothermal titration 1H-NMR analysis verified the hydrogen bond and determined the proportion of subject and ligand in the non-covalent complex to be 1∶1. Theoretical calculations also suggest that the addition of the ligand can affect the energy of the transition structures (TS) during loop opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youlu Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Cochrane SA, Vederas JC. Lipopeptides from Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp.: A Gold Mine of Antibiotic Candidates. Med Res Rev 2014; 36:4-31. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John C. Vederas
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Alberta Canada
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24
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Ajesh K, Sudarslal S, Arunan C, Sreejith K. Kannurin, a novel lipopeptide from Bacillus cereus
strain AK1: isolation, structural evaluation and antifungal activities. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1287-96. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ajesh
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; Kannur University; Kerala India
| | - S. Sudarslal
- School of Biotechnology; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Kerala India
| | - C. Arunan
- School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Kerala India
| | - K. Sreejith
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; Kannur University; Kerala India
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25
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Madslien EH, Rønning HT, Lindbäck T, Hassel B, Andersson MA, Granum PE. Lichenysin is produced by most Bacillus licheniformis strains. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1068-80. [PMID: 23844764 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of lichenysin production in Bacillus licheniformis and to see whether this feature was restricted to certain genotypes. Secondly, we wanted to see whether cytotoxicity reflected the measured levels of lichenysin. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-three genotyped strains of B. licheniformis, representing a wide variety of sources, were included. lchAA gene fragments were detected in all strains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All 53 strains produced lichenysins with four molecular masses as confirmed by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) analysis. The amounts of lichenysin varied more than two orders of magnitude between strains and were irrespective of genotype. Finally, there was a strong association between lichenysin concentrations and toxicity towards boar spermatozoa, erythrocytes and Vero cells. CONCLUSIONS Lichenysin synthesis was universal among the 53 B. licheniformis strains examined. The quantities varied considerably between strains, but were not specifically associated with genotype. Cytotoxicity was evident at lichenysin concentrations above 10 μg ml(-1) , which is in accordance with previous studies. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study might be of interest to those working on B. licheniformis for commercial use as well as for authorities who make risk assessments of B. licheniformis when used as a food and feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Madslien
- Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt FFI, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway; Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Section for Food Safety, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Rockel C, Hartung T. Systematic review of membrane components of gram-positive bacteria responsible as pyrogens for inducing human monocyte/macrophage cytokine release. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:56. [PMID: 22529809 PMCID: PMC3328207 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifty years after the elucidation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) as the principal structure of Gram-negative bacteria activating the human immune system, its Gram-positive counterpart is still under debate. Pyrogen tests based on the human monocyte activation have been validated for LPS detection as an alternative to the rabbit test and, increasingly, the limulus amebocyte lysate test. For full replacement, international validations with non-endotoxin pyrogens are in preparation. Following evidence-based medicine approaches, a systematic review of existing evidence as to the structural nature of the Gram-positive pyrogen was undertaken. For the three major constituents suggested, i.e., peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acids (LTA), and bacterial lipoproteins (LP), the questions to be answered and a search strategy for relevant literature was developed, starting in MedLine. The evaluation was based on the Koch–Dale criteria for a mediator of an effect. A total of 380 articles for peptidoglycan, 391 for LP, and 285 for LTA were retrieved of which 12, 8, and 24, respectively, fulfilled inclusion criteria. The compiled data suggest that for peptidoglycan two Koch–Dale criteria are fulfilled, four for LTA, and two for bacterial LP. In conclusion, based on the best currently available evidence, LTA is the only substance that fulfills all criteria. LTA has been isolated from a large number of bacteria, results in cytokine release patterns inducible also with synthetic LTA. Reduction in bacterial cytokine induction with an inhibitor for LTA was shown. However, this systematic review cannot exclude the possibility that other stimulatory compounds complement or substitute for LTA in being the counterpart to LPS in some Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rockel
- Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany
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27
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Youssef NH, Wofford N, McInerney MJ. Importance of the long-chain fatty acid beta-hydroxylating cytochrome P450 enzyme YbdT for lipopeptide biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis strain OKB105. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1767-86. [PMID: 21673922 PMCID: PMC3111633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12031767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus species produce extracellular, surface-active lipopeptides such as surfactin that have wide applications in industry and medicine. The steps involved in the synthesis of 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) substrates needed for surfactin biosynthesis are not understood. Cell-free extracts of Bacillus subtilis strain OKB105 synthesized lipopeptide biosurfactants in presence of l-amino acids, myristic acid, coenzyme A, ATP, and H2O2, which suggested that 3-hydroxylation occurs prior to CoA ligation of the long chain fatty acids (LCFAs). We hypothesized that YbdT, a cytochrome P450 enzyme known to beta-hydroxylate LCFAs, functions to form 3-hydroxy fatty acids for lipopeptide biosynthesis. An in-frame mutation of ybdT was constructed and the resulting mutant strain (NHY1) produced predominantly non-hydroxylated lipopeptide with diminished biosurfactant and beta-hemolytic activities. Mass spectrometry showed that 95.6% of the fatty acids in the NHY1 biosurfactant were non-hydroxylated compared to only ∼61% in the OKB105 biosurfactant. Cell-free extracts of the NHY1 synthesized surfactin containing 3-hydroxymyristic acid from 3-hydroxymyristoyl-CoA at a specific activity similar to that of the wild type (17 ± 2 versus 17.4 ± 6 ng biosurfactant min−1·ng·protein−1, respectively). These results showed that the mutation did not affect any function needed to synthesize surfactin once the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA substrate was formed and that YbdT functions to supply 3-hydroxy fatty acid for surfactin biosynthesis. The fact that YbdT is a peroxidase could explain why biosurfactant production is rarely observed in anaerobically grown Bacillus species. Manipulation of LCFA specificity of YbdT could provide a new route to produce biosurfactants with activities tailored to specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha H. Youssef
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-405-744-3193; Fax: +1-405-744-1112
| | - Neil Wofford
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 74078, USA; E-Mails: (N.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Michael J. McInerney
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 74078, USA; E-Mails: (N.W.); (M.J.M.)
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Roongsawang N, Washio K, Morikawa M. Diversity of nonribosomal peptide synthetases involved in the biosynthesis of lipopeptide biosurfactants. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 12:141-72. [PMID: 21339982 PMCID: PMC3039948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptide biosurfactants (LPBSs) consist of a hydrophobic fatty acid portion linked to a hydrophilic peptide chain in the molecule. With their complex and diverse structures, LPBSs exhibit various biological activities including surface activity as well as anti-cellular and anti-enzymatic activities. LPBSs are also involved in multi-cellular behaviors such as swarming motility and biofilm formation. Among the bacterial genera, Bacillus (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas (Gram-negative) have received the most attention because they produce a wide range of effective LPBSs that are potentially useful for agricultural, chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The biosynthetic mechanisms and gene regulation systems of LPBSs have been extensively analyzed over the last decade. LPBSs are generally synthesized in a ribosome-independent manner with megaenzymes called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Production of active-form NRPSs requires not only transcriptional induction and translation but also post-translational modification and assemblage. The accumulated knowledge reveals the versatility and evolutionary lineage of the NRPSs system. This review provides an overview of the structural and functional diversity of LPBSs and their different biosynthetic mechanisms in Bacillus and Pseudomonas, including both typical and unique systems. Finally, successful genetic engineering of NRPSs for creating novel lipopeptides is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niran Roongsawang
- Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.R.); (M.M.); Tel.: +66-2564-6700 (N.R.); +81-11-706-2253 (M.M.); Fax: +66-2564-6707 (N.R.); +81-11-706-2253 (M.M.)
| | - Kenji Washio
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Masaaki Morikawa
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.R.); (M.M.); Tel.: +66-2564-6700 (N.R.); +81-11-706-2253 (M.M.); Fax: +66-2564-6707 (N.R.); +81-11-706-2253 (M.M.)
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Pueyo MT, Bloch C, Carmona-Ribeiro AM, di Mascio P. Lipopeptides produced by a soil Bacillus megaterium strain. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2009; 57:367-378. [PMID: 18958512 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-008-9464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A soil microorganism identified as Bacillum megaterium was found to produce several antibiotics substances after growth for 20 h at 37 degrees C in a mineral culture medium. Analysis both by electron spray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) identified these substances as lipopeptides. Predominant peaks at m/z 1,041 and m/z 1,065 revealed ions which are compatible with surfactins and lichenysins, respectively. Two other ions m/z 1,057 and m/z 1,464 were further studied by collision-induced dissociation (CID) unveiling an iturin A at the first and fengycins A and B at the second m/z peaks. The CID spectrum of the m/z 1,464 ion also suggests the existence of fengycins A and B variants in which Ile was changed to Val in the position 10 of the peptide moiety. Raw mixtures of all these compounds were also assayed for antibiotic features. The data enlighten the unusual diversity of the lipopeptide mixture produced by a sole Bacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Troyano Pueyo
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Joshi S, Yadav S, Desai AJ. Application of response-surface methodology to evaluate the optimum medium components for the enhanced production of lichenysin by Bacillus licheniformis R2. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Variants of Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus licheniformis HSN221 in Different Medium Components Evaluated by a Rapid Method ESI-MS. Int J Pept Res Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-008-9137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette F. Dexter
- Centre for Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Anton P. J. Middelberg
- Centre for Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
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Youssef NH, Duncan KE, McInerney MJ. Importance of 3-hydroxy fatty acid composition of lipopeptides for biosurfactant activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 71:7690-5. [PMID: 16332741 PMCID: PMC1317328 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.12.7690-7695.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactant production may be an economic approach to improving oil recovery. To obtain candidates most suitable for oil recovery, 207 strains, mostly belonging to the genus Bacillus, were tested for growth and biosurfactant production in medium with 5% NaCl under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. All strains grew aerobically with 5% NaCl, and 147 strains produced a biosurfactant. Thirty-five strains grew anaerobically with 5% NaCl, and two produced a biosurfactant. In order to relate structural differences to activity, eight lipopeptide biosurfactants with different specific activities produced by various Bacillus species were purified by a new protocol. The amino acid compositions of the eight lipopeptides were the same (Glu/Gln:Asp/Asn:Val:Leu, 1:1:1:4), but the fatty acid compositions differed. Multiple regression analysis showed that the specific biosurfactant activity depended on the ratios of both iso to normal even-numbered fatty acids and anteiso to iso odd-numbered fatty acids. A multiple regression model accurately predicted the specific biosurfactant activities of four newly purified biosurfactants (r2= 0.91). The fatty acid composition of the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis strain T89-42 was altered by the addition of branched-chain amino acids to the growth medium. The specific activities of biosurfactants produced in cultures with different amino acid additions were accurately predicted by the multiple regression model derived from the fatty acid compositions (r2= 0.95). Our work shows that many strains of Bacillus mojavensis and Bacillus subtilis produce biosurfactants and that the fatty acid composition is important for biosurfactant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha H Youssef
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Kim PI, Bai H, Bai D, Chae H, Chung S, Kim Y, Park R, Chi YT. Purification and characterization of a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus thuringiensis CMB26. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 97:942-9. [PMID: 15479409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate an antagonist for use in the biological control of phytopathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, then to purify and characterize the biocontrol agent produced by the antagonist. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacteria that exhibited antifungal activity against the causative agent pepper anthracnose were isolated from soil, with Bacillus thuringiensis CMB26 showing the strongest activity. A lipopeptide produced by B. thuringiensis CMB26 was precipitated by adjusting the pH 2 with 3 n HCl and extracted using chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) and reversed-phase HPLC. The molecular weight was estimated as 1447 Da by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Scanning electron and optical microscopies showed that the lipopeptide has activity against Escherichia coli O157:ac88, larvae of the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae crucivora) and phytopathogenic fungi. The lipopeptide had cyclic structure and the amino acid composition was L-Glu, D-Orn, L-Tyr, D-allo-Thr, D-Ala, D-Val, L-Pro, and L-Ile in a molar ratio of 3:1:2:1:1:2:1:1. The purified lipopeptide showed the same amino acid composition as fengycin, but differed slightly in fatty acid composition, in which the double bond was at carbons 13-14 (m/z 303, 316) and there was no methyl group. CONCLUSION A lipopeptide was purified and characterized from B. thuringiensis CMB26 and found to be similar to the lipopeptide fengycin. This lipopeptide can function as a biocontrol agent, and exhibits fungicidal, bactericidal, and insecticidal activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Compared with surfactin and iturin, the lipopeptide from B. thuringiensis CMB26 showed stronger antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. This lipopeptide is a candidate for the biocontrol of pathogens in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Kim
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Batrakov SG, Rodionova TA, Esipov SE, Polyakov NB, Sheichenko VI, Shekhovtsova NV, Lukin SM, Panikov NS, Nikolaev YA. A novel lipopeptide, an inhibitor of bacterial adhesion, from the thermophilic and halotolerant subsurface Bacillus licheniformis strain 603. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2004; 1634:107-15. [PMID: 14643798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new Bacillus licheniformis strain, 603, isolated from a mixture of drilling fluid and subsurface thermal water, has been found to produce a cyclic lipopeptide which is released into cultural medium as well as present in cells as the major lipid constituent (57% of the total cell lipids extractable with 2:1 chloroform-methanol). The quantitative ratio of the extracellular and intracellular lipopeptide has been estimated as 23:10. The metabolite represents a heptapeptide, L-Asp-->L-Leu-->L-Leu-->L-Val-->L-Val-->L-Glu-->L-Leu, N-acylated to the N-terminal amino acid, L-Asp, by a 3-hydroxy fatty acid (from 13:0 to 17:0 with n-, iso-, and anteiso-chains), the 3-OH group of which is esterified by the C-terminal amino acid, L-Leu. The chemical structure of the lipopeptide has been established by means of infrared (IR), 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS), including secondary ion mass spectrometry, along with chemical and enzymatic degradation. Although a diversity of similar metabolites synthesised by various B. licheniformis strains are presently known, such a structure has not been reported thus far. Added to the growth medium of strain 603 at the concentration of 1.6 microg/ml, the lipopeptide prevents adhesion of cells to a glass surface. Also, it exhibits a considerable growth-inhibiting activity against Corynebacterium variabilis and a much lower activity against Acinetobacter sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav G Batrakov
- Russian Research Centre Hydrobios of Ministry of Health, ul. Kosmonavtov 18, korp. 2, Moscow 129301, Russia
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Pedersen PB, Bjørnvad ME, Rasmussen MD, Petersen JN. Cytotoxic potential of industrial strains of Bacillus sp. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2002; 36:155-61. [PMID: 12460750 DOI: 10.1006/rtph.2002.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic potential of selected strains of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus subtilis, used in the production of industrial enzyme products, has been assessed. Cytotoxicity was determined in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells by measuring total cellular metabolic activity using the tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Initially the MTT assay was validated against toxigenic strains of Bacillus cereus, to define the exact criteria for a toxigenic versus a nontoxigenic response. The assay proved sensitive to culture broths of both a diarrheagenic strain and an emetic strain of B. cereus. The enzyme-producing strains tested were nontoxic to CHO-K1 cells. Additionally it was demonstrated that our industrial strains did not react with antibodies against B. cereus enterotoxins by use of commercial antibody-based kits from Oxoid and Tecra. A short survey of the literature concerning the toxigenic potential of species within the subtilis group is included, as is a database search of known B. cereus enterotoxins against B. subtilis and B. licheniformis DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Pedersen
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
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Meylheuc T, van Oss CJ, Bellon-Fontaine MN. Adsorption of biosurfactant on solid surfaces and consequences regarding the bioadhesion of Listeria monocytogenes LO28. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 91:822-32. [PMID: 11722659 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The influence of biosurfactant compounds produced by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes LO28 to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and AISI 304 stainless steel surfaces was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The biosurfactant was produced according to a simple, novel technique based on cultivation on nutrient agar. Adhesion studies were performed using L. monocytogenes cells cultured at 20 or 37 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS A substrate-dependent behaviour of the LO28 strain (larger number of cells adhering to stainless steel than to PTFE), and a significant reduction (< 90%) in microbial adhesion levels through the prior adsorption of biosurfactants on stainless steel surfaces, which can be related to a change in the electron-donor characteristics of this substratum, was demonstrated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The prior adsorption of biosurfactants on solid surfaces may constitute a new and effective means of combating the implantation of pathogenic micro-organisms in food processing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Meylheuc
- Unité de Recherche en Bioadhésion et Hygiène des Matériaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Massy, France.
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KITAMOTO D. New Findings on glycolipid biosurfactants ranging from biologically active compounds to energy-saving materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.5650/oleoscience.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hathout Y, Ho YP, Ryzhov V, Demirev P, Fenselau C. Kurstakins: a new class of lipopeptides isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1492-1496. [PMID: 11087590 DOI: 10.1021/np000169q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of lipopeptides was isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki HD-1. Four compounds (1-4) were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and their primary structures determined using a combination of chemical reactions and mass spectrometry. The four lipopeptides were found to have the same amino acid sequence, Thr-Gly-Ala-Ser-His-Gln-Gln, but different fatty acids. The fatty acyl chain is linked to the N-terminal amino acid residue via an amide bond. Each lipopeptide has a lactone linkage between the carboxyl terminal amino acid and the hydroxyl group in the side chain of the serine residue. Antifungal activity was demonstrated against Stachybotrys charatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hathout
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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Mikkola R, Kolari M, Andersson MA, Helin J, Salkinoja-Salonen MS. Toxic lactonic lipopeptide from food poisoning isolates of Bacillus licheniformis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:4068-74. [PMID: 10866808 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2000.01467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxins from three Bacillus licheniformis strains connected to a fatal food poisoning were isolated and their structures elucidated. Toxins were purified from methanol extracts of the B. licheniformis biomass using boar sperm cells as the toxicity indicator. The HPLC purified toxins showed protonated masses m/z 1007, 1021 and 1035 in MALDI-TOF-MS. The toxins isolated from the strains of different origins contained the same three components of which and each had a same amino-acid residues L-Gln, L-Leu, D-Leu, L-Val, L-Asp, D-Leu and L-Ile in that order. Toxins were identified as lichenysin A, a cyclic lactonic heptalipopeptide in which the main 3-hydroxy fatty acids are 13-15 carbons in length. We showed that the toxins from food and food poisoning isolates of B. licheniformis were identical to lichenysin A both in the structure and in the toxic symptoms induced to boar spermatozoa. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the acrosome and the plasma membrane of boar spermatozoa were the targets of lichenysin A toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mikkola
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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