1
|
Vitali F, Zundler S, Jesper D, Wildner D, Strobel D, Frulloni L, Neurath MF. Diagnostic Endoscopic Ultrasound in Pancreatology: Focus on Normal Variants and Pancreatic Masses. Visc Med 2023; 39:121-130. [PMID: 37899794 PMCID: PMC10601528 DOI: 10.1159/000533432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a main tool in gastroenterology for both diagnosis and exclusion of pancreatic pathology. It allows minimally invasive assessment of various diseases or anatomic variations affecting the pancreas also with the help of new Doppler technologies, elastography, contrast-enhanced imaging including post hoc image processing with quantification analyses, three-dimensional reconstruction, and artificial intelligence. EUS also allows interventional direct access to the pancreatic parenchyma and the retroperitoneal space, to the pancreatic duct, pancreatic masses, cysts, and vascular structures. Summary This review aimed to summarize new developments of EUS in the field of pancreatology. We highlight the role of EUS in evaluating pancreatic pathology by describing normal anatomic variants like pancreas divisum, pancreatic lipomatosis, pancreatic fibrosis in the elderly and characterizing pancreatic masses, both in the context of chronic pancreatitis and within healthy pancreatic parenchyma. EUS is considered the optimal imaging modality for pancreatic masses of uncertain dignity and allows both cytological diagnosis and histology, which is essential not only for neoplastic conditions but also for tailoring therapy for benign inflammatory conditions. Key Messages EUS plays an indispensable role in pancreatology and the development of new diagnostic and interventional approaches to the retroperitoneal space and the pancreas exponentially increased over the last years. The development of computer-aided diagnosis and artificial intelligence algorithms hold the potential to overcome the obstacles associated with interobserver variability and will most likely support decision-making in the management of pancreatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vitali
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Jesper
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dane Wildner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Deike Strobel
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luca Frulloni
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Pancreas Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tamanini G, Cominardi A, Brighi N, Fusaroli P, Lisotti A. Endoscopic ultrasound assessment and tissue acquisition of mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1475-1491. [PMID: 34721779 PMCID: PMC8529915 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lymph nodes (LNs) has a fundamental role in the characterization and staging of malignant conditions, as well as in subsequent patients’ management. All imaging modalities (i.e. computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) rely mainly on size; endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) criteria based on B-mode evaluation and Doppler features fail to adequately characterize with high specificity LNs nature. The introduction of EUS-elastography and contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS are useful techniques to increase the diagnostic yield in identifying metastatic LNs, to identify which suspicious LN should require pathological characterization and, finally, to target tissue acquisition. EUS-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) is increasingly being used for diagnosing lymphadenopathy whenever the characterization modifies patients’ subsequent management and when no superficial LN is accessible. Since target therapy are currently available (i.e. lung cancer, breast cancer), EUS-TA of malignant LNs could be required to identify tumor biology. In this field, both fine needle aspiration and biopsy needles are able to guarantee accurate results with almost perfect specificity and sub-optimal sensitivity. We finally propose a diagnostic algorithm based on most recent, high-level evidence for the diagnostic approach to suspected LNs assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Tamanini
- Department of Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Imola, University of Bologna, Imola 40026, BO, Italy
| | - Anna Cominardi
- Department of Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Imola, University of Bologna, Imola 40026, BO, Italy
| | - Nicole Brighi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola 47014, FC, Italy
| | - Pietro Fusaroli
- Department of Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Imola, University of Bologna, Imola 40026, BO, Italy
| | - Andrea Lisotti
- Department of Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Imola, University of Bologna, Imola 40026, BO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mei S, Wang M, Sun L. Contrast-Enhanced EUS for Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Masses: A Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:1670183. [PMID: 30962802 PMCID: PMC6431391 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1670183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though methods for the diagnosis of pancreatic masses are various, such as ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT), their sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are not quite satisfying. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (CE-EUS), as a new technique, has its own unique advantages in diagnosing pancreatic disease. However, its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are still controversial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of CE-EUS for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant pancreatic mass lesions. DESIGN Eighteen relevant articles systemically searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus, and MEDLINE were selected. The pooled results were calculated in a fixed effects model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR), negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio (OR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. RESULTS The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of CE-EUS for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinomas were 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-0.93), 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89), and 69.50 (95% CI, 48.89-98.80), respectively. The SROC area under the curve was 0.9545. The subgroup analysis based on excluding the outliers showed that the heterogeneity was eliminated and the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90-0.93) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.89), respectively. The SROC area under the curve was 0.9569. CONCLUSION CE-EUS is a useful method to distinguish pancreatic adenocarcinoma from other pancreatic diseases. Compared with EUS elastography, it has higher specificity. However, it is still not superior to pathological diagnosis for the identification of pancreatic carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibin Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University (IGZJU), Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Leimin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University (IGZJU), Hangzhou 310016, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harmsen FJ, Domagk D, Dietrich CF, Hocke M. Discriminating chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer: Contrast-enhanced EUS and multidetector computed tomography in direct comparison. Endosc Ultrasound 2018; 7:395-403. [PMID: 30246709 PMCID: PMC6289014 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_24_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To compare the ability of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and contrast-enhanced EUS to discriminate chronic pancreatitis (CP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 215 patients (age: 62 ± 15 years, sex: f/m 80/135) were included in this retrospective study. All patients were examined by conventional endoscopic B-mode and contrast-enhanced high mechanical index EUS (CEHMI-EUS). CELMI-EUS was performed in 159 patients and endoscopic sonoelastography (ESE) in 210 patients. MDCT was carried out in 131 patients as part of their clinical work-up. Radiological reports were retrospectively analyzed. Final diagnosis was achieved by biopsy and evaluation of cytological specimens collected was performed by EUS-FNA, surgery, or follow-up of 12 months or more in patients with benign findings. In a subgroup of 100 patients, all diagnostic five methods were performed, and head-to-head analysis was performed. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity for MDCT were 89% and 70% and for CEHMI-EUS were 96% and 91%, respectively. Sensitivities and specificities for EUS were 92% and 63% for B-Mode EUS, 96% and 38% for ESE, and 82% and 76% for CELMI-EUS, respectively. In the head-to-head analysis, each modality had shown lower numbers for specificity than shown in the overall group analysis because of high drop-out rate. EUS-FNA for PDAC had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS Contrast-enhanced EUS is a reliable tool in discriminating PDAC from CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finn-Jörn Harmsen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, St. Elisabeth-Krankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Dirk Domagk
- Department of Medicine I, Josephs-Hospital Warendorf, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Muenster, Warendorf, Germany
| | - Christoph F. Dietrich
- Medical Department II, Caritas Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hospital Meiningen, Meiningen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dietrich CF, Averkiou M, Nielsen MB, Barr RG, Burns PN, Calliada F, Cantisani V, Choi B, Chammas MC, Clevert DA, Claudon M, Correas JM, Cui XW, Cosgrove D, D'Onofrio M, Dong Y, Eisenbrey J, Fontanilla T, Gilja OH, Ignee A, Jenssen C, Kono Y, Kudo M, Lassau N, Lyshchik A, Franca Meloni M, Moriyasu F, Nolsøe C, Piscaglia F, Radzina M, Saftoiu A, Sidhu PS, Sporea I, Schreiber-Dietrich D, Sirlin CB, Stanczak M, Weskott HP, Wilson SR, Willmann JK, Kim TK, Jang HJ, Vezeridis A, Westerway S. How to perform Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS). Ultrasound Int Open 2018; 4:E2-E15. [PMID: 29423461 PMCID: PMC5802984 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-123931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
"How to perform contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)" provides general advice on the use of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) for clinical decision-making and reviews technical parameters for optimal CEUS performance. CEUS techniques vary between centers, therefore, experts from EFSUMB, WFUMB and from the CEUS LI-RADS working group created a discussion forum to standardize the CEUS examination technique according to published evidence and best personal experience. The goal is to standardise the use and administration of UCAs to facilitate correct diagnoses and ultimately to improve the management and outcomes of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F. Dietrich
- Caritas-Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik 2, Bad Mergentheim, Germany and Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | - Richard G. Barr
- Radiology, Northeastern Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, United States
| | - Peter N. Burns
- Dept Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto. Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fabrizio Calliada
- Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Department of Radiology, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vito Cantisani
- Department of Radiology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, ROME, Italy
| | - Byung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hosptial, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Maria C. Chammas
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Radiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirk-André Clevert
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Munich-Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Claudon
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy and Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Jean-Michel Correas
- Hopital universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Service de Radiologie Adultes, Paris, France
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical college, Huahzong University of Science and technology, Wuhan, China
| | - David Cosgrove
- Imperial College London, Imaging, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - JohnR. Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Teresa Fontanilla
- Radiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Odd Helge Gilja
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Andre Ignee
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical college, Huahzong University of Science and technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/ Wriezen, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Wriezen, Germany
| | - Yuko Kono
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Kinki Daigaku Igakubu, Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nathalie Lassau
- Gustave Roussy and IR4MUMR8081. Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Radiology, Paris, France
| | - Andrej Lyshchik
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Maria Franca Meloni
- Radiology Department of Interventional Ultrasound - Casa di cura Igea- Milano, Italy
| | - Fuminori Moriyasu
- Sanno Hospital,International University of Helth and Welfare, Center for Cancer Ablation Therapy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Nolsøe
- Ultrasound Section, Division of Surgery, Dep. of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Div. Internal Medicine, Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maija Radzina
- P.Stradina Clinical University Hospital, Diagnosic Radiology Institute, Riga, Latvia
| | - Adrian Saftoiu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Paul S. Sidhu
- King's College London, Radiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ioan Sporea
- Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Claude B. Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Grup, University of California, Department of Radiology, San Diego, United States
| | - Maria Stanczak
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | | | - Stephanie R. Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Foothills Medical Centre University of Calgary, Division of Ultrasound, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Tae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hyun-Jung Jang
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sue Westerway
- Ultrasound, Charles Sturt University NSW Australia, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hocke M, Braden B, Jenssen C, Dietrich CF. Present status and perspectives of endosonography 2017 in gastroenterology. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:36-63. [PMID: 29161800 PMCID: PMC5768548 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound has become an essential tool in modern gastroenterology and abdominal surgery. Compared with all other endoscopic methods, it has the most potential for innovation and its future looks bright. Thus, we compiled this summary of established and novel applications of endoscopic ultrasound methods to inform the reader about what is already possible and where future developments will lead in improving patient care further. This review is structured in four parts. The first section reports on developments in diagnostic endoscopic ultrasound, the second looks at semi-invasive endoscopic ultrasound, and the third discusses advances in therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound. An overview on the future prospects of endoscopic ultrasound methods concludes this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hocke
- Internal Medicine II, Helios Hospital Meiningen, Germany
| | - Barbara Braden
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Christoph F. Dietrich
- Medical Department 2, Caritas Hospital Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
- Correspondence to Christoph F. Dietrich, M.D. Medical Department 2, Caritas Hospital Bad Mergentheim, Uhlandstraße 7, Bad Mergentheim 97980, Germany Tel: +49-7931-582201 Fax: +49-7931-582290 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leitão C, Ribeiro H, Pinto J, Caldeira A, Pereira E, Banhudo A. Uncommon Solid Pancreatic Neoplasm: The Role of New Modalities of Ultrasound Endoscopy. GE-PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2017; 24:237-240. [PMID: 29255759 DOI: 10.1159/000478938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like cells is a rare pancreatic neoplasm with unique ultrasound endoscopic features. A 59-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of weight loss. Abdominal computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasound showed a large pancreatic tumor with a heterogeneous echotexture and liver metastasis. Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration was used to establish the diagnosis. In this case report, we review the endoscopic, clinical, and pathological features of this type of tumor and describe for the first time the endoscopic features of real-time elastography and contrast enhancement. Real-time elastography revealed a heterogeneous predominantly blue pattern suggestive of pancreatic malignancy, and the contrast-enhanced endosonography showed a hypervascular mass and distinctive vascular (solid) and avascular (liquid/necrotic) components of the lesion, guiding the fine needle aspiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Leitão
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amato-Lusitano Hospital, ULSCB, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amato-Lusitano Hospital, ULSCB, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - João Pinto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amato-Lusitano Hospital, ULSCB, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Ana Caldeira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amato-Lusitano Hospital, ULSCB, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Pereira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amato-Lusitano Hospital, ULSCB, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - António Banhudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amato-Lusitano Hospital, ULSCB, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chin YK, Iglesias-Garcia J, de la Iglesia D, Lariño-Noia J, Abdulkader-Nallib I, Lázare H, Rebolledo Olmedo S, Dominguez-Muñoz JE. Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition in the evaluation of lymph nodes enlargement in the absence of on-site pathologist. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5755-5763. [PMID: 28883701 PMCID: PMC5569290 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i31.5755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate factors that influence the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition for lymph node enlargement in the absence of an on-site pathologist.
METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent EUS-guided tissue acquisition for the pathological diagnosis of lymph node enlargement between April 2012 and June 2015 is reported. Tissue acquisition was performed with both cytology and biopsy needles of different calibers. The variables evaluated were lymph node location and size, number of passes and type of needle used. Final diagnosis was based on surgical histopathology or, in non-operated cases, on EUS-guided tissue acquisition and imaging assessment with a minimum clinical follow-up of 6 mo.
RESULTS During the study period, 168 lymph nodes with a median size of 20.3 mm (range 12.5-27) were sampled from 152 patients. Ninety lymph nodes (53.6%) were located at mediastinum, and 105 (62.5%) were acquired with biopsy needles. The final diagnosis was benign/reactive origin in 87 cases (51.8%), malignant in 65 cases (38.7%), and lymphoma in 16 cases (9.5%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the detection of malignancy were 74.1%, 100%, 100% and 80.6%, respectively. The overall accuracy was 87.5% (95%CI: 81.7-91.7). No variables were independently associated with a correct final diagnosis according to the multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION EUS-guided tissue acquisition is a highly accurate technique for assessing lymph node enlargement. None of the variables evaluated were associated with diagnostic accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung Ka Chin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julio Iglesias-Garcia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel de la Iglesia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Lariño-Noia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ihab Abdulkader-Nallib
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hector Lázare
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Rebolledo Olmedo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Enrique Dominguez-Muñoz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dietrich CF, Dong Y, Froehlich E, Hocke M. Dynamic contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound: A quantification method. Endosc Ultrasound 2017; 6:12-20. [PMID: 28218195 PMCID: PMC5331837 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.193595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) has been recently standardized by guidelines and recommendations. The European Federation of Societies for US in Medicine and Biology position paper describes the use for DCE-US. Comparatively, little is known about the use of contrast-enhanced endoscopic US (CE-EUS). This current paper reviews and discusses the clinical use of CE-EUS and DCE-US. The most important clinical use of DCE-US is the prediction of tumor response to new drugs against vascular angioneogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F. Dietrich
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Helios Hospital Meiningen GmbH, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) has gained importance for mediastinal lymph node staging. Contrast-enhanced EBUS is so far not a discussed technique including contrast-enhanced high mechanical index (MI)-EBUS and potentially contrast-enhanced low MI-EBUS. Possible use could include characterization of mediastinal lymph nodes for better selection of biopsies, differential diagnosis of the primary tumor, and evaluation of thrombosis or tumor in vein infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F Dietrich
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Braden B, Jenssen C, D'Onofrio M, Hocke M, Will U, Möller K, Ignee A, Dong Y, Cui XW, Sãftoiu A, Dietrich CF. B-mode and contrast-enhancement characteristics of small nonincidental neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. Endosc Ultrasound 2017; 6:49-54. [PMID: 28218201 PMCID: PMC5331844 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Imaging of the pancreas for detection of neuroendocrine tumors is indicated as surveillance in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or if typical clinical symptoms combined with hormone production raise the suspicion of a neuroendocrine tumor. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is considered the best imaging modality to detect small pancreatic tumors. However, little is known about how small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) present on EUS. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multicenter study, we retrospectively analyzed the endosonographic characteristics of small pNETs which had been detected due to typical biochemistry and clinical symptoms or during surveillance of MEN 1. Only small pancreatic tumors ≤15 mm with histological confirmation as pNET were included. B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound- and EUS patterns were analyzed. RESULTS Among 32 patients with histologically proven small pNETs, 7 patients had known MEN1. Among the pNETs, 20 were insulinoma, 2 gastrinoma, 3 glucagonoma, 6 nonfunctional in MEN1, and one PPoma. 94% of the pNET appeared hypoechogenic, only 1 isoechogenic and 1 hyperechogenic. After contrast injection, 90% of the pNETS showed hyperenhancement compared to the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma. CONCLUSION The high spatial resolution of EUS allows detection and even cytological confirmation of pNET <7 mm diameter. Hypoechogenicity in B-mode and hyperenhancement after injection of contrast agents are endosonographic characteristics of small pNET and present in >90% of pNETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Braden
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Medical Department, Krankenhaus Maerkisch-Oderland, Strausberg, Germany
| | - Mirko D'Onofrio
- Department of Radiology, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michael Hocke
- Medical Department, Helios Klinikum Meiningen, Meiningen, Germany
| | - Uwe Will
- SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Gera, Germany
| | - Kathleen Möller
- Medical Department I/Gastroenterology, Sana Hospital Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andre Ignee
- Medical Department, Caritas-Krankenhaus, Uhlandstr. 7 D-97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Adrian Sãftoiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Medical Department, Caritas-Krankenhaus, Uhlandstr. 7 D-97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany; Sino-German Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hocke M, Ignee A, Dietrich C. Role of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in lymph nodes. Endosc Ultrasound 2017; 6:4-11. [PMID: 28218194 PMCID: PMC5331842 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.190929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing unclear lymph node (LN) enlargements in the mediastinum and abdomen is the most important indication of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-fine needle aspiration (FNA) after the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases. Investigating LNs in these areas can happen in different clinical settings. Mostly, it is the first modality in general LN diseases without any peripheral LN enlargements. On the other hand, it can be the question of LN involvement in a known or suspected primary tumor. Due to EUS-FNA cytology, those questions can be answered highly, accurately. However, a primary discrimination of LNs might be helpful to increase the diagnostic value of the FNA cytology, especially in cases with multiple LN enlargements and hard to reach enlarged LNs for example by vessel interposition. Because of the unreliability of B-mode criteria, further diagnostic improvements such as elastography and contrast-enhanced EUS are investigated to increase the accuracy of the initial diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hocke
- Medical Department, Helios Klinikum Meiningen, D-98617 Meiningen, Germany
| | - Andre Ignee
- Medical Department, Caritas-Krankenhaus, D-97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Dietrich
- Medical Department, Caritas-Krankenhaus, D-97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dietrich CF, Horn R, Morf S, Chiorean L, Dong Y, Cui XW, Atkinson NSS, Jenssen C. Ultrasound-guided central vascular interventions, comments on the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology guidelines on interventional ultrasound. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E851-E868. [PMID: 27747022 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.08.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Central venous access has traditionally been performed on the basis of designated anatomical landmarks. However, due to patients' individual anatomy and vessel pathology and depending on individual operators' skill, this landmark approach is associated with a significant failure rate and complication risk. There is substantial evidence demonstrating significant improvement in effectiveness and safety of vascular access by realtime ultrasound (US)-guidance, as compared to the anatomical landmark-guided approach. This review comments on the evidence-based recommendations on US-guided vascular access which have been published recently within the framework of Guidelines on Interventional Ultrasound (InVUS) of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) from a clinical practice point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F Dietrich
- Medical Department, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany;; Sino-German Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Rudolf Horn
- Notfallstation, Kantonsspital Glarus, Glarus, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Morf
- Intensivmedizin Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Liliana Chiorean
- Department of Medical Imaging, des Cévennes Clinic, Annonay, France
| | - Yi Dong
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- Medical Department, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany;; Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Nathan S S Atkinson
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg, Wriezen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nakaji S, Hirata N. Evaluation of the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe using contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography after transarterial chemoembolization. Endosc Ultrasound 2016; 5:390-392. [PMID: 28000631 PMCID: PMC5206828 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.190924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 71-year-old female was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The tumor measured 65 mm in diameter and was located in the caudate lobe. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was performed repeatedly; however, a follow-up dynamic computed tomography (CT) scan showed that the tumor remained viable. Thus, TACE was performed using drug-eluting beads that had been preloaded with epirubicin. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (CE-EUS) was conducted for evaluating the treatment effects. First, we detected the internal part of the tumor. Then, a perflubutane suspension was injected intravenously. Next, CE-EUS was performed for the external ventral part of the tumor in the same manner. The perflubutane flowed into the tumor and spread into both its internal and external ventral regions. Thus, we considered that the tumor was still viable and planned to carry out TACE again. CE-EUS could be a useful tool for evaluating the treatment effects of TACE on HCC deep inside the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Nakaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuto Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa City, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen F. Endoscopic ultrasonography: an advancing option with duality in both diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal oncology. Chin J Cancer Res 2014; 26:724-9. [PMID: 25561772 PMCID: PMC4279203 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.12.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their introduction into the clinical practices in 1980s, techniques of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) have been rapidly developing and are now in widespread use in gastrointestinal oncology. Evolving from the classical option, EUS today has been much innovated with addition of a variety of novel ideation which makes it a powerful tool with encouraging duality for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. There is a dire need for physicians in this field to understand the status quo of EUS as related to the management and detection of gastrointestinal tumors, which is globally reviewed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dietrich CF, Jenssen C. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling in gastroenterology: European society of gastrointestinal endoscopy technical guidelines. Endosc Ultrasound 2014; 2:117-22. [PMID: 24949378 PMCID: PMC4062259 DOI: 10.7178/eus.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines on endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling are almost complete and express state of the art developments. However, future developments are anticipated. This editorial focuses on a few recently published papers with some additional information and on two important additional techniques, elastography and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), which are mentioned, but not explained in detail in the current ESGE guidelines. Elastography and CEUS might be of importance in the near future to improve the biopsy techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - C Jenssen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|