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Anzurez A, Runtuwene L, Dang TTT, Nakayama-Hosoya K, Koga M, Yoshimura Y, Sasaki H, Miyata N, Miyazaki K, Takahashi Y, Suzuki T, Yotsuyanagi H, Tachikawa N, Matano T, Kawana-Tachikawa A. Characterization of proinflammatory cytokines profile during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with human immunodeficiency virus. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024:JJID.2024.184. [PMID: 38945856 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2024.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation in chronic HIV infection may affect immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed in people with HIV (PWH) with effective cART. There were no significant differences in any of the tested cytokines between COVID-19 severity in PWH, while most of them were significantly higher in individuals with severe disease in HIV-uninfected individuals, suggesting that excess cytokines release by hyper-inflammatory responses does not occur in severe COVID-19 with HIV infection. The strong associations between the cytokines observed in HIV-uninfected individuals, especially between IFN-α/TNF-α and other cytokines, were lost in PWH. The steady state plasma levels of IP-10, ICAM-1, and CD62E were significantly higher in PWH, indicating that PWH are in an enhanced inflammatory state. Loss of the several inter-cytokine correlations were observed in in vitro LPS stimuli-driven cytokines production in PWH. These data suggest that inflammatory responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection in PWH are distinct from those in HIV-uninfected individuals, partially due to the underlying inflammatory state and/or impairment of innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alitzel Anzurez
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Lucky Runtuwene
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Thao Thi Thu Dang
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | | | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yokohama Municipal Citizens' Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yokohama Municipal Citizens' Hospital, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miyata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yokohama Municipal Citizens' Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Miyazaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yokohama Municipal Citizens' Hospital, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yokohama Municipal Citizens' Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuo Tachikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yokohama Municipal Citizens' Hospital, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Japan
- Department of AIDS Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Kawana-Tachikawa
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Japan
- Department of AIDS Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Fursa O, Bannister W, Neesgaard B, Podlekareva D, Kowalska J, Benfield T, Gerstoft J, Reekie J, Rasmussen LD, Aho I, Guaraldi G, Staub T, Miro JM, Laporte JM, Elbirt D, Trofimova T, Sedlacek D, Matulionyte R, Oprea C, Bernasconi E, Hadžiosmanović V, Mocroft A, Peters L. SARS-CoV-2 testing, positivity, and factors associated with COVID-19 among people with HIV across Europe in the multinational EuroSIDA cohort. HIV Med 2024; 25:711-724. [PMID: 38433476 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although people with HIV might be at risk of severe outcomes from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus 2019 [COVID-19]), regional and temporal differences in SARS-CoV-2 testing in people with HIV across Europe have not been previously described. METHODS We described the proportions of testing, positive test results, and hospitalizations due to COVID-19 between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021 in the EuroSIDA cohort and the factors associated with being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and with ever testing positive. RESULTS Of 9012 participants, 2270 (25.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.3-26.1) had a SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test during the study period (range: 38.3% in Northern to 14.6% in Central-Eastern Europe). People from Northern Europe, women, those aged <40 years, those with CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm3, and those with previous cardiovascular disease or malignancy were significantly more likely to have been tested, as were people with HIV in 2021 compared with those in 2020. Overall, 390 people with HIV (4.3%, 95% CI 3.9-4.8) tested positive (range: 2.6% in Northern to 7.1% in Southern Europe), and the odds of testing positive were higher in all regions than in Northern Europe and in 2021 than in 2020. In total, 64 people with HIV (0.7%, 95% CI 0.6-0.9) were hospitalized, of whom 12 died. Compared with 2020, the odds of positive testing decreased in all regions in 2021, and the associations with cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate disappeared in 2021. Among study participants, 58.9% received a COVID-19 vaccine (range: 72.0% in Southern to 14.8% in Eastern Europe). CONCLUSIONS We observed large heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity and a low proportion of hospital admissions and deaths across the regions of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fursa
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Bannister
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Neesgaard
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Podlekareva
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Kowalska
- Department of Adults' Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - J Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Reekie
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L D Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - I Aho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Guaraldi
- Modena HIV Cohort, Università degli Studi di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - T Staub
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - J M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Laporte
- Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - D Elbirt
- Allergy, Immunology and HIV Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - T Trofimova
- Novgorod Centre for AIDS prevention and control, Veliky Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - D Sedlacek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Medical Faculty and Teaching Hospital Plzen, Charles University Prague, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - R Matulionyte
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - C Oprea
- Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - E Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, University of Geneva and University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - V Hadžiosmanović
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Mocroft
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- UCL Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), London, UK
| | - L Peters
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Höft MA, Burgers WA, Riou C. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:184-196. [PMID: 37821620 PMCID: PMC10806256 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. People with HIV (PWH) are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression, immune reconstitution, and viral control. While COVID-19 in those with well-controlled HIV infection poses no greater risk than that for HIV-uninfected individuals, people with advanced HIV disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 outcomes. COVID-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in the majority of PWH, though reduced vaccine efficacy, breakthrough infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness have been demonstrated in PWH. This is likely a result of suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses after vaccination. People with advanced HIV may also experience prolonged infection that may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants, but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively clear persistent infection. COVID-19 vaccine guidelines reflect these increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWH who are moderately to severely immunocompromised. We recommend continued research and monitoring of PWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in areas with a high HIV burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine A Höft
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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4
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Ishizaka A, Koga M, Mizutani T, Yamayoshi S, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Adachi E, Suzuki Y, Kawaoka Y, Yotsuyanagi H. Association of gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in people living with HIV. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:6. [PMID: 38172680 PMCID: PMC10763188 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with HIV (PLWH) with chronic inflammation may have an increasing risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity; however, the impact of their gut microbiota on COVID-19 is not fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed the temporal changes in the gut microbiota composition of hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected PLWH (PLWH-CoV) and their correlation with COVID-19 severity. RESULT The 16S rRNA analysis results using stool samples (along the timeline from disease onset) from 12 hospitalized PLWH-CoV, whose median CD4 + T cell count was 671 cells/µl, were compared to those of 19 healthy people and 25 PLWH. Bacterial diversity in PLWH-CoV is not significantly different from that of healthy people and SARS-CoV-2 non-infected PLWH, but a significant difference in the microbiota diversity was observed in the classification according to the disease severity. Immediately after the disease onset, remarkable changes were observed in the gut microbiota of PLWH-CoV, and the changing with a decrease in some short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and an increase in colitis-related pathobiont. In the second week after disease onset, relative amounts of specific bacteria distinguished between disease severity. One month after the disease onset, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota persisted, and the number of Enterobacteriaceae, mainly Escherichia-Shigella, which is potentially pathogenic, increased and were enriched in patients who developed post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). CONCLUSION The changes in the gut microbiota associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in PLWH in this study indicated a persistent decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria and an intestinal environment with an increase in opportunistic pathogens associated with enteritis. This report demonstrates that the intestinal environment in PLWH tends to show delayed improvement even after COVID-19 recovery, and highlights the importance of the dysbiosis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection as a potential factor in the COVID-19 severity and the PASC in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ishizaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Mizutani
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, 277-0882, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Cilloniz C, Motos A, Canseco J, Peñasco Y, Ricart P, Abril E, García JMG, Ortiz AB, Mateo NG, Sánchez-Miralles Á, Franco N, Riera J, Ferrer R, Bustamante-Munguira E, Caballero J, Gándara AMDL, Sancho S, Masclans JR, Urrelo-Cerrón L, Carbonell N, Socías L, Barberà C, Lorente JA, Rodríguez ÓP, Menéndez R, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Ceccato A, Fernandez-Barat L, Garcia-Gasulla D, Gabarrus A, Garcia-Vidal C, Moreno A, Barbé F, Miro JM, Torres A. Clinical Outcomes of Critical COVID-19 in HIV-Infected Adults: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis. Arch Bronconeumol 2023; 59:772-778. [PMID: 37661559 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2023.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catia Cilloniz
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Spain; University of Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Continental University, Huancayo, Peru.
| | - Anna Motos
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Spain; University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Canseco
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Spain
| | - Yhivian Peñasco
- Intensive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués of Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Ricart
- Intensive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Spain
| | - Elena Abril
- Hospital Universitario Torrejón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aaron Blandino Ortiz
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia García Mateo
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo de San Vicente, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - Jordi Riera
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, SODIR Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, SODIR Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Caballero
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Susana Sancho
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico de La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan-Ramon Masclans
- Critical Care Department, Hospital del Mar, Critical Illness Research Group (GREPAC), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nieves Carbonell
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Socías
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | | | - José A Lorente
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Peñuelas Rodríguez
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Menéndez
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Pulmonology Service, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Adrian Ceccato
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Critical Care Center, ParcTaulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Sabadell, Spain; Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Grupo Quironsalud, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Fernandez-Barat
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Spain; University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Albert Gabarrus
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Spain
| | - Carolina Garcia-Vidal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Barbé
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Pulmonary Department, Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Spain
| | - José M Miro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antoni Torres
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Spain; University of Barcelona, Spain; Pulmonology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Brolly J, Chadwick DR. COVID-19 infection in people living with HIV. Br Med Bull 2023; 147:20-30. [PMID: 37312594 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are intersecting pandemics, with implications for care at an individual and global scale. SOURCES OF DATA PubMed search with relevant articles and their references reviewed. AREAS OF AGREEMENT COVID-19 has changed the delivery of care to people living with HIV (PLWH). Vaccines are efficacious and safe for PLWH; patient care for symptomatic COVID-19 is similar to that of people without HIV. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY It remains unclear whether PLWH experience increased COVID-19-specific mortality. Treatments to reduce severity in early COVID-19 infection lack evidence in PLWH. GROWING POINTS The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV-related morbidity and mortality are yet to be seen. COVID-19 epidemiology among PLWH is complicated by changes to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, population behaviours and vaccine availability. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Global trends in HIV-related morbidity and mortality should be monitored to appreciate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The benefits of early antiviral and/or neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nMAb) treatment for PLWH and nMAb prophylaxis require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Brolly
- Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - David R Chadwick
- Centre for Clinical Infection, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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7
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Kaboré OD, Poda A, Ouattara CA, Michodigni FN, Belem AA, Sawadogo Y, Zoungrana J, Galal L, Meda CZ, Godreuil S, Ouédraogo AS. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and associated factors among people living with HIV over the first 12 months following the outbreak of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso, a sub-Saharan African country. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286665. [PMID: 37315090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and factors associated with the infection among PLWHIV over the first 12 months following the outbreak of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso. DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional study of plasma samples collected from March 9, 2020, and March 8, 2021, at the outpatient HIV referral center, before the introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Burkina Faso. METHODS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were detected in plasma using DS-ЕIA-ANTI-SARS-CoV-2-G (S) kit. Logistic regressions were used to compare SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses between groups and within subgroups. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 419 plasma were subjected to serological diagnosis. None of the participants was vaccinated against COVID-19 during the period of sample collection, and 130 samples were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, giving a prevalence of 31.0% (95% CI 26.6-35.7). The median CD4 cell count was 661 cells/μL (IQR,422-928). Retailers had half the risk of being infected compared to housemaids with an OR of 0.49 (p = 0.028, 95% CI 0.26-0.91). Likewise, the risk of infection was 1.69 times higher in patients on integrase inhibitors compared to that of patients on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (p = 0.020, 95% CI 1.09-2.63). CONCLUSION Our study reveals a high seroprevalence among PLWHIV to SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the pandemic. In addition, PLWHIV on integrase inhibitors are 1.69 times more likely to be infected than PLWHIV on non-nucleoside inhibitors, and this observation remains an intriguing topic that still needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilon D Kaboré
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, School of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Superior Institute of Health Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, NAZI BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Armel Poda
- Laboratory of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, School of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Superior Institute of Health Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, NAZI BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Cheick Ahmed Ouattara
- Laboratory of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, School of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Superior Institute of Health Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, NAZI BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Fernand N Michodigni
- Laboratory of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, School of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul-Aziz Belem
- Laboratory of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, School of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Yacouba Sawadogo
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, School of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Zoungrana
- Superior Institute of Health Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, NAZI BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Lokman Galal
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Z Meda
- Superior Institute of Health Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, NAZI BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, School of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Superior Institute of Health Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, NAZI BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Muraz Center, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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8
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Augello M, Bono V, Rovito R, Tincati C, Marchetti G. Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames? Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:51-75. [PMID: 36680700 PMCID: PMC9860243 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 have been the major pandemics overwhelming our times. Given the enduring immune disfunction featuring people living with HIV (PLWH) despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), concerns for higher incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as for suboptimal responses to the newly developed vaccines in this population arose early during the pandemics. Herein, we discuss the complex interplay between HIV and SARS-CoV-2, with a special focus on the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and vaccination in PLWH. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, current literature shows that COVID-19 severity and outcomes may be worse and immune responses to infection or vaccination lower in PLWH with poor CD4 + T-cell counts and/or uncontrolled HIV viremia. Data regarding the risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) among PLWH are extremely scarce, yet they seem to suggest a higher incidence of such condition. Scarce immunovirological control appears to be the major driver of weak immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccination and worse COVID-19 outcomes in PLWH. Therefore, such individuals should be prioritized for vaccination and should receive additional vaccine doses. Furthermore, given the potentially higher risk of developing long-term sequelae, PLWH who experienced COVID-19 should be ensured a more careful and prolonged follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bono
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Rovito
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Tincati
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Baroncelli S, Galluzzo CM, Orlando S, Mphwere R, Kavalo T, Luhanga R, Amici R, Floridia M, Andreotti M, Scarcella P, Marazzi MC, Giuliano M. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in Malawian infants between February 2020 and May 2021. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022; 2:100110. [PMID: 36128323 PMCID: PMC9477783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Very limited information is available on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in infants in sub-Saharan countries. Objective In this study, we aimed to determine the rate and the temporal evolution of SARS CoV-2 seropositivity in breastfed Malawian infants. Study design Blood samples (n = 250) from 158 infants, born to HIV-negative women and women living with HIV, collected from February 2020 to May 2021, were first tested using an Anti-IgG/A/M SARS CoV 2 ELISA assay against trimeric spike protein, and then, if positive, confirmed using a second ELISA assay detecting IgG against Receptor Binding Domain. Results The confirmed prevalence of anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies was 31.0% (95% CI: 23.7%-38.3%) with no significant difference between HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants (29.3% and 37.1% respectively, P = 0.410). The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was not associated with maternal socioeconomic or demographic indices. Conclusions Our data underline the wide spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population in sub-Saharan Africa. Design of more specific serological tests for African samples and improvements in serosurveillance programs are needed for more rigorous monitoring of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baroncelli
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Clementina Maria Galluzzo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Orlando
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Mphwere
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, P.O. Box 30355, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Thom Kavalo
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, P.O. Box 30355, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Richard Luhanga
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, P.O. Box 30355, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Roberta Amici
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Floridia
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Scarcella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marina Giuliano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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