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Lockhart SM, Muso M, Zvetkova I, Lam BYH, Ferrari A, Schoenmakers E, Duckett K, Leslie J, Collins A, Romartínez-Alonso B, Tadross JA, Jia R, Gardner EJ, Kentistou K, Zhao Y, Day F, Mörseburg A, Rainbow K, Rimmington D, Mastantuoni M, Harrison J, Nus M, Guma'a K, Sherratt-Mayhew S, Jiang X, Smith KR, Paul DS, Jenkins B, Koulman A, Pietzner M, Langenberg C, Wareham N, Yeo GS, Chatterjee K, Schwabe J, Oakley F, Mann DA, Tontonoz P, Coll AP, Ong K, Perry JRB, O'Rahilly S. Damaging mutations in liver X receptor-α are hepatotoxic and implicate cholesterol sensing in liver health. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01126-4. [PMID: 39322746 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Liver X receptor-α (LXRα) regulates cellular cholesterol abundance and potently activates hepatic lipogenesis. Here we show that at least 1 in 450 people in the UK Biobank carry functionally impaired mutations in LXRα, which is associated with biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction. On a western diet, male and female mice homozygous for a dominant negative mutation in LXRα have elevated liver cholesterol, diffuse cholesterol crystal accumulation and develop severe hepatitis and fibrosis, despite reduced liver triglyceride and no steatosis. This phenotype does not occur on low-cholesterol diets and can be prevented by hepatocyte-specific overexpression of LXRα. LXRα knockout mice exhibit a milder phenotype with regional variation in cholesterol crystal deposition and inflammation inversely correlating with steatosis. In summary, LXRα is necessary for the maintenance of hepatocyte health, likely due to regulation of cellular cholesterol content. The inverse association between steatosis and both inflammation and cholesterol crystallization may represent a protective action of hepatic lipogenesis in the context of excess hepatic cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam M Lockhart
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Milan Muso
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessandra Ferrari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erik Schoenmakers
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie Duckett
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack Leslie
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy Collins
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Beatriz Romartínez-Alonso
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - John A Tadross
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Histopathology and Cambridge Genomics Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raina Jia
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Kentistou
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix Day
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Mörseburg
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kara Rainbow
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Debra Rimmington
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matteo Mastantuoni
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Harrison
- VPD Heart and Lung Research Institute, Dept. Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Meritxell Nus
- VPD Heart and Lung Research Institute, Dept. Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Khalid Guma'a
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Sherratt-Mayhew
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine R Smith
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dirk S Paul
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Wareham
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giles S Yeo
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Schwabe
- Department of Histopathology and Cambridge Genomics Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek A Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Bioscience Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony P Coll
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken Ong
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Dang Y, Wang Y, Wei J, Zhang H, Yang Q, Wang B, Li J, Ye C, Chen Y, Han P, Jin X, Wang J, Bao X, Liu H, Ma H, Zhang L, Cheng L, Dong Y, Bai Y, Li Y, Lei Y, Xu Z, Zhang F, Ye W. 25-Hydroxycholesterol inhibits Hantavirus infection by reprogramming cholesterol metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:S0891-5849(24)00623-3. [PMID: 39209137 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hantavirus causes two types of acute diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. It is a major health concern due to its high mortality and lack of effective treatment. Type I interferon treatment has been suggested to be effective against hantavirus when treated in advance. Interferons induce multiple interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), whose products are highly effective at resisting and controlling viruses. A product of ISGs, the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). 25HC can inhibit multiple enveloped-virus infections, but the mechanism is largely unknown, and whether 25HC plays an important role in regulating hantavirus remains unexplored. In this study, we show that Hantaan virus (HTNV), the prototype hantavirus, induced CH25H gene in infected cells. Overexpression of CH25H and treatment with 25HC, inhibited HTNV infection, possibly by lowering 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase, HMGCR), which inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition, cholesterol-lowering drugs such as HMGCR-targeting statins have potent hantavirus inhibitory effects. Our results indicate that 25HC and some statins are potential antiviral agents effective against hantavirus infections. This study provides evidence that targeting cholesterol metabolism is promising in developing specific hantavirus antivirals and indicates the possibility of repurposing FDA-approved cholesterol-lowering drug, statins for treating hantavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Dang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | - Chuantao Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Peijun Han
- Department of Aerospace Hygiene, School of Aerospace Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolei Jin
- Cadet Brigade, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Cadet Brigade, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaohui Bao
- Cadet Brigade, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Linfeng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yangchao Dong
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yinlan Bai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yingfeng Lei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Zhikai Xu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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3
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Gu W, Wu G, Chen G, Meng X, Xie Z, Cai S. Polyphenols alleviate metabolic disorders: the role of ubiquitin-proteasome system. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1445080. [PMID: 39188976 PMCID: PMC11345163 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1445080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders include obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. It has become a major health issue around the world. Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for nearly all cellular processes, functions as a primary pathway for intracellular protein degradation. Recent researches indicated that dysfunctions in the UPS may result in the accumulation of toxic proteins, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance, all of which contribute to the development and progression of metabolic disorders. An increasing body of evidence indicates that specific dietary polyphenols ameliorate metabolic disorders by preventing lipid synthesis and transport, excessive inflammation, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and oxidative stress, through regulation of the UPS. This review summarized the latest research progress of natural polyphenols improving metabolic disorders by regulating lipid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance through the UPS. In addition, the possible mechanisms of UPS-mediated prevention of metabolic disorders are comprehensively proposed. We aim to provide new angle to the development and utilization of polyphenols in improving metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guohuo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianghui Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shanbao Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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4
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Liu Z, Fan K, Abudukeremu A, Gao M, Tan X, Mao X, Li X, Ma W, Ma X, Li C, Yang Y, Tu K, Chen J, Zhang Y, Guan Y. LIMA1 links the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF40 to lipid metabolism. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:298. [PMID: 38909032 PMCID: PMC11193757 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
LIMA1 is a LIM domain and Actin binding 1 protein that acts as a skeleton protein to promote cholesterol absorption, which makes it an ideal target for interfering with lipid metabolism. However, the detailed regulation of LIMA1 remains unclear. Here, we identified that ring finger protein 40 (RNF40), an E3 ubiquitin ligase previously known as an epigenetic modifier to increase H2B ubiquitination, mediated the ubiquitination of LIMA1 and thereby promoted its degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Fraction studies revealed that the 1-166aa fragment of LIMA1 was indispensable for the interaction with RNF40, and at least two domains of RNF40 might mediate the association of RNF40 with LIMA1. Notably, treatment with simvastatin dramatically decreased the levels of CHO and TG in control cells rather than cells with overexpressed LIMA1. Moreover, RNF40 significantly decreased lipid content, which could be reversed by LIMA1 overexpression. These findings suggest that E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF40 could directly target LIMA1 and promote its protein degradation in cytoplasm, leading to the suppression of lipid accumulation mediated by LIMA1. Collectively, this study unveils that RNF40 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase of LIMA1, which underpins its high therapeutic value to combat dysregulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kexin Fan
- The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aikedaimu Abudukeremu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Min Gao
- The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyue Tan
- The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Mao
- The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xusheng Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, Xinjiang, China
| | - Caolong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yinglai Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Xi 'an New Chang 'an Maternity Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yaqun Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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5
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Loix M, Zelcer N, Bogie JFJ, Hendriks JJA. The ubiquitous role of ubiquitination in lipid metabolism. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:416-429. [PMID: 37770289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential molecules that play key roles in cell physiology by serving as structural components, for storage of energy, and in signal transduction. Hence, efficient regulation and maintenance of lipid homeostasis are crucial for normal cellular and tissue function. In the past decade, increasing research has shown the importance of ubiquitination in regulating the stability of key players in different aspects of lipid metabolism. This review describes recent insights into the regulation of lipid metabolism by ubiquitin signaling, discusses how ubiquitination can be targeted in diseases characterized by lipid dysregulation, and identifies areas that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Loix
- Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Biomedical Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.
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6
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Zou Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Cao K, Song C, Zhang Z, Cai K, Geng D, Chen S, Wu Y, Zhang N, Sun G, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Regulation of lipid metabolism by E3 ubiquitin ligases in lipid-associated metabolic diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130961. [PMID: 38508558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have progressively elucidated the involvement of E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligases in regulating lipid metabolism. Ubiquitination, facilitated by E3 Ub ligases, modifies critical enzymes in lipid metabolism, enabling them to respond to specific signals. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive analysis of the role of E3 Ub ligases in lipid metabolism, which includes lipid synthesis and lipolysis, and their influence on cellular lipid homeostasis through the modulation of lipid uptake and efflux. Furthermore, it explores how the ubiquitination process governs the degradation or activation of pivotal enzymes, thereby regulating lipid metabolism at the transcriptional level. Perturbations in lipid metabolism have been implicated in various diseases, including hepatic lipid metabolism disorders, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, this review focuses on the association between E3 Ub ligases and lipid metabolism in lipid-related diseases, highlighting enzymes critically involved in lipid synthesis and catabolism, transcriptional regulators, lipid uptake translocators, and transporters. Overall, this review aims to identify gaps in current knowledge, highlight areas requiring further research, offer potential targeted therapeutic approaches, and provide a comprehensive outlook on clinical conditions associated with lipid metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mohan Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Muta Y, Linares JF, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Duran A, Cid-Diaz T, Kinoshita H, Zhang X, Han Q, Nakanishi Y, Nakanishi N, Cordes T, Arora GK, Ruiz-Martinez M, Reina-Campos M, Kasashima H, Yashiro M, Maeda K, Albaladejo-Gonzalez A, Torres-Moreno D, García-Solano J, Conesa-Zamora P, Inghirami G, Metallo CM, Osborne TF, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Enhanced SREBP2-driven cholesterol biosynthesis by PKCλ/ι deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells promotes aggressive serrated tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8075. [PMID: 38092754 PMCID: PMC10719313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and signaling pathways regulating aggressive mesenchymal colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression through the serrated route are largely unknown. Although relatively well characterized as BRAF mutant cancers, their poor response to current targeted therapy, difficult preneoplastic detection, and challenging endoscopic resection make the identification of their metabolic requirements a priority. Here, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of SCAP by the atypical PKC (aPKC), PKCλ/ι promotes its degradation and inhibits the processing and activation of SREBP2, the master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis. We show that the upregulation of SREBP2 and cholesterol by reduced aPKC levels is essential for controlling metaplasia and generating the most aggressive cell subpopulation in serrated tumors in mice and humans. Since these alterations are also detected prior to neoplastic transformation, together with the sensitivity of these tumors to cholesterol metabolism inhibitors, our data indicate that targeting cholesterol biosynthesis is a potential mechanism for serrated chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Muta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tania Cid-Diaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hiroto Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Qixiu Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Gurpreet K Arora
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marc Ruiz-Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ana Albaladejo-Gonzalez
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Daniel Torres-Moreno
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - José García-Solano
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St, Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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8
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Gawden-Bone CM, Lehner PJ, Volkmar N. As a matter of fat: Emerging roles of lipid-sensitive E3 ubiquitin ligases. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300139. [PMID: 37890275 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic structure and composition of lipid membranes need to be tightly regulated to control the vast array of cellular processes from cell and organelle morphology to protein-protein interactions and signal transduction pathways. To maintain membrane integrity, sense-and-response systems monitor and adjust membrane lipid composition to the ever-changing cellular environment, but only a relatively small number of control systems have been described. Here, we explore the emerging role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in monitoring and maintaining membrane lipid composition. We focus on the ER-resident RNF145 E3 ubiquitin ligase, its role in regulating adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2), its lipid hydrolase substrate, and the broader implications for understanding the homeostatic processes that fine-tune cellular membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Gawden-Bone
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Kim H, Park C, Kim TH. Targeting Liver X Receptors for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091292. [PMID: 37174692 PMCID: PMC10177243 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a range of conditions in which excess lipids accumulate in the liver, possibly leading to serious hepatic manifestations such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis/cirrhosis and cancer. Despite its increasing prevalence and significant impact on liver disease-associated mortality worldwide, no medication has been approved for the treatment of NAFLD yet. Liver X receptors α/β (LXRα and LXRβ) are lipid-activated nuclear receptors that serve as master regulators of lipid homeostasis and play pivotal roles in controlling various metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism, inflammation and immune response. Of note, NAFLD progression is characterized by increased accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction and augmented inflammation, all of which are highly attributed to dysregulated LXR signaling. Thus, targeting LXRs may provide promising strategies for the treatment of NAFLD. However, emerging evidence has revealed that modulating the activity of LXRs has various metabolic consequences, as the main functions of LXRs can distinctively vary in a cell type-dependent manner. Therefore, understanding how LXRs in the liver integrate various signaling pathways and regulate metabolic homeostasis from a cellular perspective using recent advances in research may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Muscle Physiome Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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10
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Rusilowicz-Jones EV, Brazel AJ, Frigenti F, Urbé S, Clague MJ. Membrane compartmentalisation of the ubiquitin system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:171-184. [PMID: 34895815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We now have a comprehensive inventory of ubiquitin system components. Understanding of any system also needs an appreciation of how components are organised together. Quantitative proteomics has provided us with a census of their relative populations in several model cell types. Here, by examining large scale unbiased data sets, we seek to identify and map those components, which principally reside on the major organelles of the endomembrane system. We present the consensus distribution of > 50 ubiquitin modifying enzymes, E2s, E3s and DUBs, that possess transmembrane domains. This analysis reveals that the ER and endosomal compartments have a diverse cast of resident E3s, whilst the Golgi and mitochondria operate with a more restricted palette. We describe key functions of ubiquitylation that are specific to each compartment and relate this to their signature complement of ubiquitin modifying components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Rusilowicz-Jones
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Ailbhe J Brazel
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth W23 F2K6, Ireland
| | - Francesca Frigenti
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Michael J Clague
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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11
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Li Q, Yao H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Thorne RF, Zhu Y, Wu M, Liu L. circPRKAA1 activates a Ku80/Ku70/SREBP-1 axis driving de novo fatty acid synthesis in cancer cells. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Ahmed N, Ahmed N, Pezacki JP. miR-383 Regulates Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis and Response to Dengue Virus Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:928-941. [PMID: 35254825 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), as endogenous noncoding RNAs that inhibit mRNA translation, have been identified to broadly possess functional roles in regulating cellular signaling and metabolic processes due to their chemical and biological properties. In addition, they have emerged to be of critical importance in modulating host-virus interactions, especially for RNA viruses. Herein, we discovered that miR-383-5p targets certain lipid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways and restricts Dengue virus (DENV) infection in hepatic cells. Global transcriptomics analysis of Huh7 human hepatoma cells overexpressing miR-383-5p revealed enrichment of lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes. Bioinformatics analysis of genes repressed in miR-383-5p overexpressing cells divulged the repression of a key target PLA2G4A, a pro-viral host factor essential for the production of infectious DENV particles. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of miRNA mimics as tools to study cellular signaling pathways that contribute to viral pathogenesis. Overall, our study identifies miR-383-5p as an interesting host factor during DENV propagation and highlights a potential therapeutic role in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism and an antiviral response to DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Noreen Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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13
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Wu X, Yan R, Cao P, Qian H, Yan N. Structural advances in sterol-sensing domain-containing proteins. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:289-300. [PMID: 35012873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The sterol-sensing domain (SSD) is present in several membrane proteins that function in cholesterol metabolism, transport, and signaling. Recent progress in structural studies of SSD-containing proteins, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-cleavage activating protein (Scap), Patched, Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1), and related proteins, reveals a conserved core that is essential for their sterol-dependent functions. This domain, by its name, 'senses' the presence of sterol substrates through interactions and may modulate protein behaviors with changing sterol levels. We summarize recent advances in structural and mechanistic investigations of these proteins and propose to divide them to two classes: M for 'moderator' proteins that regulate sterol metabolism in response to membrane sterol levels, and T for 'transporter' proteins that harbor inner tunnels for cargo trafficking across cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Renhong Yan
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pingping Cao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Hongwu Qian
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Nieng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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14
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Liu Y, Fang X, Li Y, Bing L, Li Y, Fang J, Xian X, Zhang W, Li J, Zhao Z, Zhu Y. OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1353-1363. [PMID: 35641094 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Liu Bing
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xirui Xian
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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15
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Liu F, Ma M, Gao A, Ma F, Ma G, Liu P, Jia C, Wang Y, Donahue K, Zhang S, Ong IM, Keles S, Li L, Xu W. PKM2-TMEM33 axis regulates lipid homeostasis in cancer cells by controlling SCAP stability. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108065. [PMID: 34487377 PMCID: PMC8591543 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) is preferentially expressed in cancer cells to regulate anabolic metabolism. Although PKM2 was recently reported to regulate lipid homeostasis, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we discovered an ER transmembrane protein 33 (TMEM33) as a downstream effector of PKM2 that regulates activation of SREBPs and lipid metabolism. Loss of PKM2 leads to up-regulation of TMEM33, which recruits RNF5, an E3 ligase, to promote SREBP-cleavage activating protein (SCAP) degradation. TMEM33 is transcriptionally regulated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 1 (NRF1), whose cleavage and activation are controlled by PKM2 levels. Total plasma cholesterol levels are elevated by either treatment with PKM2 tetramer-promoting agent TEPP-46 or by global PKM2 knockout in mice, highlighting the essential function of PKM2 in lipid metabolism. Although depletion of PKM2 decreases cancer cell growth, global PKM2 knockout accelerates allografted tumor growth. Together, our findings reveal the cell-autonomous and systemic effects of PKM2 in lipid homeostasis and carcinogenesis, as well as TMEM33 as a bona fide regulator of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabao Liu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Min Ma
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Ang Gao
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Fengfei Ma
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Present address:
Protein Sciences, Discovery BiologicsMerck & Co., Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Gui Ma
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- UW Carbone Cancer CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Chenxi Jia
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Present address:
State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsNational Center for Protein Sciences‐BeijingBeijing Proteome Research CenterBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yidan Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Kristine Donahue
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Irene M Ong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- UW Carbone Cancer CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Sunduz Keles
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer ResearchUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
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16
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Bian X, Liu R, Meng Y, Xing D, Xu D, Lu Z. Lipid metabolism and cancer. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211616. [PMID: 33601415 PMCID: PMC7754673 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in lipid metabolism is among the most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer. Cancer cells harness lipid metabolism to obtain energy, components for biological membranes, and signaling molecules needed for proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and response to the tumor microenvironment impact and cancer therapy. Here, we summarize and discuss current knowledge about the advances made in understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells and introduce different approaches that have been clinically used to disrupt lipid metabolism in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Bian
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Salisbury DA, Casero D, Zhang Z, Wang D, Kim J, Wu X, Vergnes L, Mirza AH, Leon-Mimila P, Williams KJ, Huertas-Vazquez A, Jaffrey SR, Reue K, Chen J, Sallam T. Transcriptional regulation of N 6-methyladenosine orchestrates sex-dimorphic metabolic traits. Nat Metab 2021; 3:940-953. [PMID: 34282353 PMCID: PMC8422857 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Males and females exhibit striking differences in the prevalence of metabolic traits including hepatic steatosis, a key driver of cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. RNA methylation is a widespread regulatory mechanism of transcript turnover. Here, we show that presence of the RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) triages lipogenic transcripts for degradation and guards against hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In male but not female mice, this protective checkpoint stalls under lipid-rich conditions. Loss of m6A control in male livers increases hepatic triglyceride stores, leading to a more 'feminized' hepatic lipid composition. Crucially, liver-specific deletion of the m6A complex protein Mettl14 from male and female mice significantly diminishes sex-specific differences in steatosis. We further surmise that the m6A installing machinery is subject to transcriptional control by the sex-responsive BCL6-STAT5 axis in response to dietary conditions. These data show that m6A is essential for precise and synchronized control of lipogenic enzyme activity and provide insights into the molecular basis for the existence of sex-specific differences in hepatic lipid traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Salisbury
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Casero
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aashiq H Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paola Leon-Mimila
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kevin J Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Huertas-Vazquez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tamer Sallam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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Flores-León M, Alcaraz N, Pérez-Domínguez M, Torres-Arciga K, Rebollar-Vega R, De la Rosa-Velázquez IA, Arriaga-Canon C, Herrera LA, Arias C, González-Barrios R. Transcriptional Profiles Reveal Deregulation of Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Pathways in Neurons Exposed to Palmitic Acid. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4639-4651. [PMID: 34155583 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) have been studied to unravel the molecular pathways they are altering in order to understand the link between increased caloric intake, metabolic diseases, and the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), is the main component of HFD and it has been found increased in the circulation of obese and diabetic people. In the central nervous system, PA has been associated with inflammatory responses in astrocytes, but the effects on neurons exposed to it have not been largely investigated. Given that PA affects a variety of metabolic pathways, we aimed to analyze the transcriptomic profile activated by this fatty acid to shed light on the mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction. In the current study, we profiled the transcriptome response after PA exposition at non-toxic doses in primary hippocampal neurons. Gene ontology and Reactome pathway analysis revealed a pattern of gene expression which is associated with inflammatory pathways, and importantly, with the activation of lipid metabolism that is considered not very active in neurons. Validation by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) of Hmgcs2, Angptl4, Ugt8, and Rnf145 support the results obtained by RNAseq. Overall, these findings suggest that neurons are able to respond to saturated fatty acids changing the expression pattern of genes associated with inflammatory response and lipid utilization that may be involved in the neuronal damage associated with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flores-León
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - N Alcaraz
- The Bioinformatics Centre. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, CP 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Pérez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - K Torres-Arciga
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Rebollar-Vega
- Genomics Laboratory, Red de Apoyo a La Investigación - CIC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, INMCNSZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - I A De la Rosa-Velázquez
- Genomics Laboratory, Red de Apoyo a La Investigación - CIC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, INMCNSZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr 1, 85754, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L A Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, CP 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clorinda Arias
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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19
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Ming J, Wei X, Han M, Adi D, Abuzhalihan J, Wang YT, Yang YN, Li XM, Xie X, Fu ZY, Gai MT, Ma YT. Genetic variation of RNF145 gene and blood lipid levels in Xinjiang population, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5969. [PMID: 33727652 PMCID: PMC7966793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The E3 ubiquitin ligase which is encoded by the ring finger protein 145 (RNF145) gene is very important in the mediation of cholesterol synthesis and effectively treats hypercholesterolemia. Thus, the purpose of the present research is to investigate the connection between the polymorphism of the RNF145 gene and cholesterol levels in the populations in Xinjiang, China. A total of 1396 participants (Male: 628, Female: 768) were included in this study for genetic analysis of RNF145 gene, and we used the modified multiple connection detection response (iMLDR) technology to label two SNPs (rs17056583, rs12188266) of RNF145 genotyping. The relationship between the genotypes and the lipid profiles was analyzed with general linear model analysis after adjusting confounding variables. Through the analysis of the two SNPs in RNF145 gene, we discovered that both rs17056583 and rs12188266 were related to total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations (All P < 0.001). In addition, the association of rs17056583 and rs12188266 with lipid profiles concentrations is still statistically significant after multivariate adjustment of sex, age, smoking, obesity, drinking, diabetes, hypertension and lipid profiles. Meanwhile, we also found that rs17056583 was associated with high triglycerides concentrations before and after adjustment (All P < 0.001). Our study shows that both rs17056583 and rs12188266 SNPs of RNP145 gene are related to TC and LDL-C concentrations in Xinjiang population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ming
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wei
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Dilare Adi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Abuzhalihan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Tao Gai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Goel D, Vohora D. Liver X receptors and skeleton: Current state-of-knowledge. Bone 2021; 144:115807. [PMID: 33333244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The liver X receptors (LXR) is a nuclear receptor that acts as a prominent regulator of lipid homeostasis and inflammatory response. Its therapeutic effectiveness against various diseases like Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis has been investigated in detail. Emerging pieces of evidence now reveal that LXR is also a crucial modulator of bone remodeling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological actions of LXR on the skeleton and its role in osteoporosis are poorly understood. Therefore, in the current review, we highlight LXR and its actions through different molecular pathways modulating skeletal homeostasis. The studies described in this review propound that LXR in association with estrogen, PTH, PPARγ, RXR hedgehog, and canonical Wnt signaling regulates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. It regulates RANKL-induced expression of c-Fos, NFATc1, and NF-κB involved in osteoclast differentiation. Additionally, several studies suggest suppression of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by synthetic LXR ligands. Given the significance of modulation of LXR in various physiological and pathological settings, our findings indicate that therapeutic targeting of LXR might potentially prevent or treat osteoporosis and improve bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Goel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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21
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Xiao X, Tontonoz P. USP20 links feeding-induced cholesterol synthesis and energy expenditure. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:337-338. [PMID: 33420925 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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22
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Zhang A, Guan Z, Ockerman K, Dong P, Guo J, Wang Z, Yan D. Regulation of glial size by eicosapentaenoic acid through a novel Golgi apparatus mechanism. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3001051. [PMID: 33370778 PMCID: PMC7793280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of cell growth is essential for the development of the brain, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of glial and neuronal size are poorly understood. To investigate the mechanisms involved in glial size regulation, we used Caenorhabditis elegans amphid sheath (AMsh) glia as a model and show that a conserved cis-Golgi membrane protein eas-1/GOLT1B negatively regulates glial growth. We found that eas-1 inhibits a conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase rnf-145/RNF145, which, in turn, promotes nuclear activation of sbp-1/ SREBP, a key regulator of sterol and fatty acid synthesis, to restrict cell growth. At early developmental stages, rnf-145 in the cis-Golgi network inhibits sbp-1 activation to promote the growth of glia, and when animals reach the adult stage, this inhibition is released through an eas-1-dependent shuttling of rnf-145 from the cis-Golgi to the trans-Golgi network to stop glial growth. Furthermore, we identified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as downstream products of the eas-1-rnf-145-sbp-1 pathway that functions to prevent the overgrowth of glia. Together, our findings reveal a novel and potentially conserved mechanism underlying glial size control. The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of glial and neuronal size are poorly understood. This study in nematodes reveals eicosapentaenoic acid as the downstream product of a pathway that functions to prevent the overgrowth of glia, suggesting a novel and potentially conserved mechanism underlying glial size control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kyle Ockerman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pengyuan Dong
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Regeneration Next Initiative, and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Ninagawa S, George G, Mori K. Mechanisms of productive folding and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of glycoproteins and non-glycoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129812. [PMID: 33316349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of proteins destined for the secretory pathway is ensured by two distinct mechanisms in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER): productive folding of newly synthesized proteins, which is assisted by ER-localized molecular chaperones and in most cases also by disulfide bond formation and transfer of an oligosaccharide unit; and ER-associated degradation (ERAD), in which proteins unfolded or misfolded in the ER are recognized and processed for delivery to the ER membrane complex, retrotranslocated through the complex with simultaneous ubiquitination, extracted by AAA-ATPase to the cytosol, and finally degraded by the proteasome. SCOPE OF REVIEW We describe the mechanisms of productive folding and ERAD, with particular attention to glycoproteins versus non-glycoproteins, and to yeast versus mammalian systems. MAJOR CONCLUSION Molecular mechanisms of the productive folding of glycoproteins and non-glycoproteins mediated by molecular chaperones and protein disulfide isomerases are well conserved from yeast to mammals. Additionally, mammals have gained an oligosaccharide structure-dependent folding cycle for glycoproteins. The molecular mechanisms of ERAD are also well conserved from yeast to mammals, but redundant expression of yeast orthologues in mammals has been encountered, particularly for components involved in recognition and processing of glycoproteins and components of the ER membrane complex involved in retrotranslocation and simultaneous ubiquitination of glycoproteins and non-glycoproteins. This may reflect an evolutionary consequence of increasing quantity or quality needs toward mammals. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The introduction of innovative genome editing technology into analysis of the mechanisms of mammalian ERAD, as exemplified here, will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ninagawa
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ginto George
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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24
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Scott NA, Sharpe LJ, Brown AJ. The E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCHF6 as a metabolic integrator in cholesterol synthesis and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158837. [PMID: 33049405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MARCHF6 is a large multi-pass E3 ubiquitin ligase embedded in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. It participates in endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation, including autoubiquitination, and many of its identified substrates are involved in sterol and lipid metabolism. Post-translationally, MARCHF6 expression is attuned to cholesterol status, with high cholesterol preventing its degradation and hence boosting MARCHF6 levels. By modulating MARCHF6 activity, cholesterol may regulate other aspects of cell metabolism beyond the known repertoire. Whilst we have learnt much about MARCHF6 in the past decade, there are still many more mysteries to be unravelled to fully understand its regulation, substrates, and role in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Scott
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura J Sharpe
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Xue L, Qi H, Zhang H, Ding L, Huang Q, Zhao D, Wu BJ, Li X. Targeting SREBP-2-Regulated Mevalonate Metabolism for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1510. [PMID: 32974183 PMCID: PMC7472741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, targeting metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for fighting cancer. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor, mainly regulates genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis. SREBP-2 binds to the sterol regulatory elements (SREs) in the promoters of its target genes and activates the transcription of mevalonate pathway genes, such as HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), mevalonate kinase and other key enzymes. In this review, we first summarized the structure of SREBP-2 and its activation and regulation by multiple signaling pathways. We then found that SREBP-2 and its regulated enzymes, including HMGCR, FPPS, SQS, and DHCR4 from the mevalonate pathway, participate in the progression of various cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and hepatocellular cancer, as potential targets. Importantly, preclinical and clinical research demonstrated that fatostatin, statins, and N-BPs targeting SREBP-2, HMGCR, and FPPS, respectively, alone or in combination with other drugs, have been used for the treatment of different cancers. This review summarizes new insights into the critical role of the SREBP-2-regulated mevalonate pathway for cancer and its potential for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Xue
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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26
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an important component of lipids in animal membranes. All living cells can synthesize cholesterol, but the amount of synthesis is not sufficient, and therefore cholesterol synthesized in the liver is delivered to extrahepatic tissues as a form of LDL. The liver is a primary organ to not only synthesize but also catabolize cholesterol into bile acids, which ends up to excrete with the feces. The synthetic and catabolic pathways are precisely regulated under the negative-feedback control system under the transcriptional regulation driven by several transcription factors such as the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), the liver x receptor, and the farnesoid x receptor. This review summarizes various findings including our recent discoveries in the molecular mechanism of activation of SREBP that is involved in the regulation of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, and a novel function of the metabolic end product of cholesterol, bile acids, in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Banerjee P, Carmelo VAO, Kadarmideen HN. Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiles Uncovers Biological Pathways of Feed Efficiency in Pigs. Metabolites 2020; 10:E275. [PMID: 32640603 PMCID: PMC7408121 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency (FE) is an economically important trait. Thus, reliable predictors would help to reduce the production cost and provide sustainability to the pig industry. We carried out metabolome-transcriptome integration analysis on 40 purebred Duroc and Landrace uncastrated male pigs to identify potential gene-metabolite interactions and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying FE. To this end, we applied untargeted metabolomics and RNA-seq approaches to the same animals. After data quality control, we used a linear model approach to integrate the data and find significant differently correlated gene-metabolite pairs separately for the breeds (Duroc and Landrace) and FE groups (low and high FE) followed by a pathway over-representation analysis. We identified 21 and 12 significant gene-metabolite pairs for each group. The valine-leucine-isoleucine biosynthesis/degradation and arginine-proline metabolism pathways were associated with unique metabolites. The unique genes obtained from significant metabolite-gene pairs were associated with sphingolipid catabolism, multicellular organismal process, cGMP, and purine metabolic processes. While some of the genes and metabolites identified were known for their association with FE, others are novel and provide new avenues for further research. Further validation of genes, metabolites, and gene-metabolite interactions in larger cohorts will elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and pathways underlying FE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haja N. Kadarmideen
- Quantitative Genomics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (P.B.); (V.A.O.C.)
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28
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van den Boomen DJH, Volkmar N, Lehner PJ. Ubiquitin-mediated regulation of sterol homeostasis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 65:103-111. [PMID: 32580085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian membranes, and its homeostasis is strictly regulated, with imbalances causing atherosclerosis, Niemann Pick disease, and familial hypercholesterolemia. Cellular cholesterol supply is mediated by LDL-cholesterol import and de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, and both pathways are adjusted to cellular demand by the cholesterol-sensitive SREBP2 transcription factor. Cholesterol homeostasis is modulated by a wide variety of metabolic pathways and the ubiquitination machinery, in particular E3 ubiquitin ligases. In this article, we review recent progress in understanding the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the metabolic control of cellular sterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick J H van den Boomen
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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29
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Kuan YC, Takahashi Y, Maruyama T, Shimizu M, Yamauchi Y, Sato R. Ring finger protein 5 activates sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) to promote cholesterol biosynthesis via inducing polyubiquitination of SREBP chaperone SCAP. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3918-3928. [PMID: 32054686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) is the master transcription factor that regulates cholesterol metabolism. SREBP2 activation is regulated by SREBP chaperone SCAP. Here we show that ring finger protein 5 (RNF5), an endoplasmic reticulum-anchored E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediates the Lys-29-linked polyubiquitination of SCAP and thereby activates SREBP2. RNF5 knockdown inhibited SREBP2 activation and reduced cholesterol biosynthesis in human hepatoma cells, and RNF5 overexpression activated SREBP2. Mechanistic studies revealed that RNF5 binds to the transmembrane domain of SCAP and ubiquitinates the Lys-305 located in cytosolic loop 2 of SCAP. Moreover, the RNF5-mediated ubiquitination enhanced an interaction between SCAP luminal loop 1 and loop 7, a crucial event for SREBP2 activation. Notably, an overexpressed K305R SCAP variant failed to restore the SREBP2 pathway in SCAP-deficient cell lines. These findings define a new mechanism by which an ubiquitination-induced SCAP conformational change regulates cholesterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chou Kuan
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan .,Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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30
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Mechanisms and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 21:225-245. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Sallam T, Tontonoz P. Lnc-ing microRNA activity to atheroprotection. Nat Metab 2019; 1:10-11. [PMID: 32694808 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Sallam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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32
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Sharpe LJ, Howe V, Scott NA, Luu W, Phan L, Berk JM, Hochstrasser M, Brown AJ. Cholesterol increases protein levels of the E3 ligase MARCH6 and thereby stimulates protein degradation. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2436-2448. [PMID: 30545937 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ligase membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 6 (MARCH6) is a polytopic enzyme bound to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. It controls levels of several known protein substrates, including a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, squalene monooxygenase. However, beyond its own autodegradation, little is known about how MARCH6 itself is regulated. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing, MARCH6 overexpression, and immunoblotting, we found here that cholesterol stabilizes MARCH6 protein endogenously and in HEK293 cells that stably express MARCH6. Conversely, MARCH6-deficient HEK293 and HeLa cells lost their ability to degrade squalene monooxygenase in a cholesterol-dependent manner. The ability of cholesterol to boost MARCH6 did not seem to involve a putative sterol-sensing domain in this E3 ligase, but was abolished when either membrane extraction by valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) or proteasomal degradation was inhibited. Furthermore, cholesterol-mediated stabilization was absent in two MARCH6 mutants that are unable to degrade themselves, indicating that cholesterol stabilizes MARCH6 protein by preventing its autodegradation. Experiments with chemical chaperones suggested that this likely occurs through a conformational change in MARCH6 upon cholesterol addition. Moreover, cholesterol reduced the levels of at least three known MARCH6 substrates, indicating that cholesterol-mediated MARCH6 stabilization increases its activity. Our findings highlight an important new role for cholesterol in controlling levels of proteins, extending the known repertoire of cholesterol homeostasis players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Sharpe
- From the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia and
| | - Vicky Howe
- From the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia and
| | - Nicola A Scott
- From the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia and
| | - Winnie Luu
- From the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia and
| | - Lisa Phan
- From the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia and
| | - Jason M Berk
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Mark Hochstrasser
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Andrew J Brown
- From the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia and
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33
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Menzies SA, Volkmar N, van den Boomen DJH, Timms RT, Dickson AS, Nathan JA, Lehner PJ. The sterol-responsive RNF145 E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates the degradation of HMG-CoA reductase together with gp78 and Hrd1. eLife 2018; 7:e40009. [PMID: 30543180 PMCID: PMC6292692 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and the therapeutic target of statins, is post-transcriptionally regulated by sterol-accelerated degradation. Under cholesterol-replete conditions, HMGCR is ubiquitinated and degraded, but the identity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase(s) responsible for mammalian HMGCR turnover remains controversial. Using systematic, unbiased CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide screens with a sterol-sensitive endogenous HMGCR reporter, we comprehensively map the E3 ligase landscape required for sterol-accelerated HMGCR degradation. We find that RNF145 and gp78 independently co-ordinate HMGCR ubiquitination and degradation. RNF145, a sterol-responsive ER-resident E3 ligase, is unstable but accumulates following sterol depletion. Sterol addition triggers RNF145 recruitment to HMGCR via Insigs, promoting HMGCR ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. In the absence of both RNF145 and gp78, Hrd1, a third UBE2G2-dependent E3 ligase, partially regulates HMGCR activity. Our findings reveal a critical role for the sterol-responsive RNF145 in HMGCR regulation and elucidate the complexity of sterol-accelerated HMGCR degradation. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A Menzies
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Richard T Timms
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna S Dickson
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - James A Nathan
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of MedicineCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Sandhu J, Li S, Fairall L, Pfisterer SG, Gurnett JE, Xiao X, Weston TA, Vashi D, Ferrari A, Orozco JL, Hartman CL, Strugatsky D, Lee SD, He C, Hong C, Jiang H, Bentolila LA, Gatta AT, Levine TP, Ferng A, Lee R, Ford DA, Young SG, Ikonen E, Schwabe JWR, Tontonoz P. Aster Proteins Facilitate Nonvesicular Plasma Membrane to ER Cholesterol Transport in Mammalian Cells. Cell 2018; 175:514-529.e20. [PMID: 30220461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying sterol transport in mammalian cells are poorly understood. In particular, how cholesterol internalized from HDL is made available to the cell for storage or modification is unknown. Here, we describe three ER-resident proteins (Aster-A, -B, -C) that bind cholesterol and facilitate its removal from the plasma membrane. The crystal structure of the central domain of Aster-A broadly resembles the sterol-binding fold of mammalian StARD proteins, but sequence differences in the Aster pocket result in a distinct mode of ligand binding. The Aster N-terminal GRAM domain binds phosphatidylserine and mediates Aster recruitment to plasma membrane-ER contact sites in response to cholesterol accumulation in the plasma membrane. Mice lacking Aster-B are deficient in adrenal cholesterol ester storage and steroidogenesis because of an inability to transport cholesterol from SR-BI to the ER. These findings identify a nonvesicular pathway for plasma membrane to ER sterol trafficking in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Sandhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shiqian Li
- Department of Anatomy and Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Louise Fairall
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Simon G Pfisterer
- Department of Anatomy and Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Jennifer E Gurnett
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas A Weston
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dipti Vashi
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Alessandra Ferrari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jose L Orozco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Celine L Hartman
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - David Strugatsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen D Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cuiwen He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cynthia Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Laurent A Bentolila
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alberto T Gatta
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Tim P Levine
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Annie Ferng
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy and Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - John W R Schwabe
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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35
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Abstract
Liver X receptors α and β (LXRα and LXRβ) are nuclear receptors with pivotal roles in the transcriptional control of lipid metabolism. Transcriptional activity of LXRs is induced in response to elevated cellular levels of cholesterol. LXRs bind to and regulate the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in cholesterol absorption, transport, efflux, excretion and conversion to bile acids. The coordinated, tissue-specific actions of the LXR pathway maintain systemic cholesterol homeostasis and regulate immune and inflammatory responses. LXRs also regulate fatty acid metabolism by controlling the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and regulate genes that encode proteins involved in fatty acid elongation and desaturation. LXRs exert important effects on the metabolism of phospholipids, which, along with cholesterol, are major constituents of cellular membranes. LXR activation preferentially drives the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids by inducing transcription of the remodelling enzyme lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3. The ability of the LXR pathway to couple cellular sterol levels with the saturation of fatty acids in membrane phospholipids has implications for several physiological processes, including lipoprotein production, dietary lipid absorption and intestinal stem cell proliferation. Understanding how LXRs regulate membrane composition and function might provide new therapeutic insight into diseases associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism, including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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36
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Afonso MS, Machado RM, Lavrador MS, Quintao ECR, Moore KJ, Lottenberg AM. Molecular Pathways Underlying Cholesterol Homeostasis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E760. [PMID: 29899250 PMCID: PMC6024674 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential molecule that exerts pleiotropic actions. Although its presence is vital to the cell, its excess can be harmful and, therefore, sustaining cholesterol homeostasis is crucial to maintaining proper cellular functioning. It is well documented that high plasma cholesterol concentration increases the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease. In the last decades, several studies have investigated the association of plasma cholesterol concentrations and the risk of cardiovascular diseases as well as the signaling pathways involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we present an overview of several mechanisms involved in intestinal cholesterol absorption, the regulation of cholesterol synthesis and uptake. We also discuss the importance of reverse cholesterol transport and transintestinal cholesterol transport to maintain cholesterol homeostasis and prevent atherosclerosis development. Additionally, we discuss the influence of dietary cholesterol on plasma cholesterol concentration and the new recommendations for cholesterol intake in a context of a healthy dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milessa Silva Afonso
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM 10), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Maria Silvia Lavrador
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM 10), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Eder Carlos Rocha Quintao
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM 10), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM 10), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil.
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde, Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil.
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Jiang LY, Jiang W, Tian N, Xiong YN, Liu J, Wei J, Wu KY, Luo J, Shi XJ, Song BL. Ring finger protein 145 (RNF145) is a ubiquitin ligase for sterol-induced degradation of HMG-CoA reductase. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4047-4055. [PMID: 29374057 PMCID: PMC5857978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol biosynthesis is tightly regulated in the cell. For example, high sterol concentrations can stimulate degradation of the rate-limiting cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase, HMGCR). HMGCR is broken down by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated protein complexes consisting of insulin-induced genes (Insigs) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase gp78. Here we found that HMGCR degradation is partially blunted in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells lacking gp78 (gp78-KO). To identify other ubiquitin ligase(s) that may function together with gp78 in triggering HMGCR degradation, we performed a small-scale short hairpin RNA-based screening targeting endoplasmic reticulum-localized E3s. We found that knockdown of both ring finger protein 145 (Rnf145) and gp78 genes abrogates sterol-induced degradation of HMGCR in CHO cells. We also observed that RNF145 interacts with Insig-1 and -2 proteins and ubiquitinates HMGCR. Moreover, the tetrapeptide sequence YLYF in the sterol-sensing domain and the Cys-537 residue in the RING finger domain were essential for RNF145 binding to Insigs and RNF145 E3 activity, respectively. Of note, amino acid substitutions in the YLYF or of Cys-537 completely abolished RNF145-mediated HMGCR degradation. In summary, our study reveals that RNF145, along with gp78, promotes HMGCR degradation in response to elevated sterol levels and identifies residues essential for RNF145 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yi Jiang
- From the Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- From the Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Na Tian
- From the Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ni Xiong
- From the Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Liu
- From the Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Wei
- From the Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai-Yue Wu
- From the Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- From the Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Shi
- From the Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- From the Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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38
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Transcriptional regulation of macrophage cholesterol efflux and atherogenesis by a long noncoding RNA. Nat Med 2018; 24:304-312. [PMID: 29431742 PMCID: PMC5839972 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors regulate gene expression in response to environmental cues, but the molecular events governing the cell-type specificity of nuclear receptors remain poorly understood. Here we outline a role for a non-coding RNA in modulating the cell type-specific actions of LXRs, sterol-activated nuclear receptors that regulate the expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis and that have been causally linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We identify the lncRNA MeXis as an amplifier of LXR-dependent transcription of the critical cholesterol efflux gene Abca1. Mice lacking the MeXis gene show reduced Abca1 expression in a tissue-selective manner. Furthermore, loss of MeXis in mouse bone marrow cells alters chromosome architecture at the Abca1 locus, impairs cellular responses to cholesterol overload, and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. Mechanistic studies reveal that MeXis interacts with and guides promoter binding of the transcriptional coactivator DDX17. The identification of MeXis as a lncRNA modulator of LXR-dependent gene expression expands our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cell-type selective actions of nuclear receptors in physiology and disease.
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