1
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Li Z, Ma L, Gao Z, Wang X, Che X, Zhang P, Li Y, Zhang Q, Liu T, Sun Y, Bai Y, Deng H. Identification and validation of tumor-specific T cell receptors from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes using tumor organoid co-cultures. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:164. [PMID: 38954022 PMCID: PMC11219989 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) therapy is promising for cancer immunotherapy. Most studies have focused on identifying tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) through predicted tumor neoantigens. However, current algorithms for predicting tumor neoantigens are unreliable and many neoantigens are derived from non-coding regions. Thus, the technological platform for identifying tumor-specific TCRs using natural antigens expressed on tumor cells is urgently needed. In this study, tumor organoids-enriched tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (oeT) were obtained by repeatedly stimulation of autologous patient-derived organoids (PDO) in vitro. The oeT cells specifically responded to autologous tumor PDO by detecting CD137 expression and the secretion of IFN-γ using enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The measurement of oeT cell-mediated killing of three-dimensional organoids was conducted using a caspase3/7 flow cytometry assay kit. Subsequently, tumor-specific T cells were isolated based on CD137 expression and their TCRs were identified through single-cell RT-PCR analysis. The specificity cytotoxicity of TCRs were confirmed by transferring to primary peripheral blood T cells. The co-culture system proved highly effective in generating CD8+ tumor-specific oeT cells. These oeT cells effectively induced IFN-γ secretion and exhibited specificity in killing autologous tumor organoids, while not eliciting a cytotoxic response against normal organoids. The analysis conducted by TCRs revealed a significant expansion of T cells within a specific subset of TCRs. Subsequently, the TCRs were cloned and transferred to peripheral blood T cells generation engineered TCR-Ts, which adequately recognized and killed tumor cell in a patient-specific manner. The co-culture system provided an approach to generate tumor-specific TCRs from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of patients with colorectal cancer, and tumor-specific TCRs can potentially be used for personalized TCR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhaoya Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100041, China
| | - Xiya Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuan Che
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Pengchong Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yixian Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qianjing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianxing Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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2
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Lu D, Chen Y, Jiang M, Wang J, Li Y, Ma K, Sun W, Zheng X, Qi J, Jin W, Chen Y, Chai Y, Zhang CWH, Liang H, Tan S, Gao GF. KRAS G12V neoantigen specific T cell receptor for adoptive T cell therapy against tumors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6389. [PMID: 37828002 PMCID: PMC10570350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are broadly recognized as promising targets for tumor therapy. T cell receptors (TCRs) can specifically recognize KRAS mutant neoantigens presented by human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) and mediate T cell responses to eliminate tumor cells. In the present study, we identify two TCRs specific for the 9-mer KRAS-G12V mutant neoantigen in the context of HLA-A*11:01. The TCR-T cells are constructed and display cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity upon co-culturing with varied tumor cells expressing the KRAS-G12V mutation. Moreover, 1-2C TCR-T cells show anti-tumor activity in preclinical models in female mice. The 9-mer KRAS-G12V mutant peptide exhibits a distinct conformation from the 9-mer wildtype peptide and its 10-mer counterparts. Specific recognition of the G12V mutant by TCR depends both on distinct conformation from wildtype peptide and on direct interaction with residues from TCRs. Our study reveals the mechanisms of presentation and TCR recognition of KRAS-G12V mutant peptide and describes TCRs with therapeutic potency for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Jin
- YKimmu (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- YKimmu (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hao Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China.
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China.
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3
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Immisch L, Papafotiou G, Gallarín Delgado N, Scheuplein V, Paschen A, Blankenstein T, Willimsky G. Targeting the recurrent Rac1P29S neoepitope in melanoma with heterologous high-affinity T cell receptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119498. [PMID: 36875127 PMCID: PMC9978334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent neoepitopes are cancer-specific antigens common among groups of patients and therefore ideal targets for adoptive T cell therapy. The neoepitope FSGEYIPTV carries the Rac1P29S amino acid change caused by a c.85C>T missense mutation, which is the third most common hotspot mutation in melanoma. Here, we isolated and characterized TCRs to target this HLA-A*02:01-binding neoepitope by adoptive T cell therapy. Peptide immunization elicited immune responses in transgenic mice expressing a diverse human TCR repertoire restricted to HLA-A*02:01, which enabled isolation of high-affinity TCRs. TCR-transduced T cells induced cytotoxicity against Rac1P29S expressing melanoma cells and we observed regression of Rac1P29S expressing tumors in vivo after adoptive T cell therapy (ATT). Here we found that a TCR raised against a heterologous mutation with higher peptide-MHC affinity (Rac2P29L) more efficiently targeted the common melanoma mutation Rac1P29S. Overall, our study provides evidence for the therapeutic potential of Rac1P29S-specific TCR-transduced T cells and reveal a novel strategy by generating more efficient TCRs by heterologous peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Immisch
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Papafotiou
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nerea Gallarín Delgado
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivian Scheuplein
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Blankenstein
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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van Endert P. Editorial: Insights in antigen presenting cell biology: 2021. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1079913. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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5
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An unexplored angle: T cell antigen discoveries reveal a marginal contribution of proteasome splicing to the immunogenic MHC class I antigen pool. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119736119. [PMID: 35858315 PMCID: PMC9303865 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119736119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current era of T cell–based immunotherapies, it is crucial to understand which types of MHC-presented T cell antigens are produced by tumor cells. In addition to linear peptide antigens, chimeric peptides are generated through proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing (PCPS). Whether such spliced peptides are abundantly presented by MHC is highly disputed because of disagreement in computational analyses of mass spectrometry data of MHC-eluted peptides. Moreover, such mass spectrometric analyses cannot elucidate how much spliced peptides contribute to the pool of immunogenic antigens. In this Perspective, we explain the significance of knowing the contribution of spliced peptides for accurate analyses of peptidomes on one hand, and to serve as a potential source of targetable tumor antigens on the other hand. Toward a strategy for mass spectrometry independent estimation of the contribution of PCPS to the immunopeptidome, we first reviewed methodologies to identify MHC-presented spliced peptide antigens expressed by tumors. Data from these identifications allowed us to compile three independent datasets containing 103, 74, and 83 confirmed T cell antigens from cancer patients. Only 3.9%, 1.4%, and between 0% and 7.2% of these truly immunogenic antigens are produced by PCPS, therefore providing a marginal contribution to the pool of immunogenic tumor antigens. We conclude that spliced peptides will not serve as a comprehensive source to expand the number of targetable antigens for immunotherapies.
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6
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Kloetzel PM. Neo-Splicetopes in Tumor Therapy: A Lost Case? Front Immunol 2022; 13:849863. [PMID: 35265089 PMCID: PMC8898901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome generates spliced peptides by ligating two distant cleavage products in a reverse proteolysis reaction. The observation that CD8+ T cells recognizing a spliced peptide induced T cell rejection in a melanoma patient following adoptive T cell transfer (ATT), raised some hopes with regard to the general therapeutic and immune relevance of spliced peptides. Concomitantly, the identification of spliced peptides was also the start of a controversy with respect to their frequency, abundancy and their therapeutic applicability. Here I review some of the recent evidence favoring or disfavoring an immune relevance of splicetopes and discuss from a theoretical point of view the potential usefulness of tumor specific splicetopes and why against all odds it still may seem worth trying to identify such tumor and patient-specific neosplicetopes for application in ATT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Kloetzel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Lichti CF, Vigneron N, Clauser KR, Van den Eynde BJ, Bassani-Sternberg M. Navigating Critical Challenges Associated with Immunopeptidomics-Based Detection of Proteasomal Spliced Peptide Candidates. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:275-284. [PMID: 35105607 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Within the tumor immunology community, the topic of proteasomal spliced peptides (PSP) has generated a great deal of controversy. In the earliest reports, careful biological validation led to the conclusion that proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing was a rare event. To date, six PSPs have been validated biologically. However, the advent of algorithms to identify candidate PSPs in mass spectrometry data challenged this notion, with several studies concluding that the frequency of spliced peptides binding to MHC class I was quite high. Since this time, much debate has centered around the methodologies used in these studies. Several reanalyses of data from these studies have led to questions about the validity of the conclusions. Furthermore, the biological and technical validation that should be necessary for verifying PSP assignments was often lacking. It has been suggested therefore that the research community should unite around a common set of standards for validating candidate PSPs. In this review, we propose and highlight the necessary steps for validation of proteasomal splicing at both the mass spectrometry and biological levels. We hope that these guidelines will serve as a foundation for critical assessment of results from proteasomal splicing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. .,Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nathalie Vigneron
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch-University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Wagner KI, Mateyka LM, Jarosch S, Grass V, Weber S, Schober K, Hammel M, Burrell T, Kalali B, Poppert H, Beyer H, Schambeck S, Holdenrieder S, Strötges-Achatz A, Haselmann V, Neumaier M, Erber J, Priller A, Yazici S, Roggendorf H, Odendahl M, Tonn T, Dick A, Witter K, Mijočević H, Protzer U, Knolle PA, Pichlmair A, Crowell CS, Gerhard M, D'Ippolito E, Busch DH. Recruitment of highly cytotoxic CD8 + T cell receptors in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep 2021; 38:110214. [PMID: 34968416 PMCID: PMC8677487 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell immunity is crucial for control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and has been studied widely on a quantitative level. However, the quality of responses, in particular of CD8+ T cells, has only been investigated marginally so far. Here, we isolate T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires specific for immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 epitopes restricted to common human Leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in convalescent individuals. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells are detected up to 12 months after infection. TCR repertoires are diverse, with heterogeneous functional avidity and cytotoxicity toward virus-infected cells, as demonstrated for TCR-engineered T cells. High TCR functionality correlates with gene signatures that, remarkably, could be retrieved for each epitope:HLA combination analyzed. Overall, our data demonstrate that polyclonal and highly functional CD8+ TCRs—classic features of protective immunity—are recruited upon mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing tools to assess the quality of and potentially restore functional CD8+ T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin I Wagner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura M Mateyka
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jarosch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Vincent Grass
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Weber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Hammel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Burrell
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Behnam Kalali
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Poppert
- Department of Neurology, Helios Klinikum München West, 81241 Munich, Germany; Neurologische Klinik, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Henriette Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Helios Klinikum München West, 81241 Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Schambeck
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Helios Klinikum München West, 81241 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Munich Biomarker Research Center, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Strötges-Achatz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Munich Biomarker Research Center, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Priller
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Yazici
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hedwig Roggendorf
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Odendahl
- Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine Dresden, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine Dresden, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Dick
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cellular Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Witter
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cellular Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, LMU University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Mijočević
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia S Crowell
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira D'Ippolito
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Wang Y, Sheng J, Chai J, Zhu C, Li X, Yang W, Cui R, Ge T. Filamentous Bacteriophage-A Powerful Carrier for Glioma Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729336. [PMID: 34566987 PMCID: PMC8462735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a life-threatening malignant tumor. Resistance to traditional treatments and tumor recurrence present major challenges in treating and managing this disease, consequently, new therapeutic strategies must be developed. Crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is another challenge for most drug vectors and therapy medications. Filamentous bacteriophage can enter the brain across the BBB. Compared to traditional drug vectors, phage-based drugs offer thermodynamic stability, biocompatibility, homogeneity, high carrying capacity, self-assembly, scalability, and low toxicity. Tumor-targeting peptides from phage library and phages displaying targeting peptides are ideal drug delivery agents. This review summarized recent studies on phage-based glioma therapy and shed light on the developing therapeutics phage in the personalized treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tongtong Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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10
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van Endert P. Beware the algorithm. eLife 2021; 10:69657. [PMID: 34037522 PMCID: PMC8154017 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spliced peptides present on tumor cells can help to mount an immune response, but algorithms offer limited help in predicting which ones actually exist and perform this role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Paris, France
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11
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Admon A. Are There Indeed Spliced Peptides in the Immunopeptidome? Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100099. [PMID: 34022431 PMCID: PMC8724635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The claims that a large fraction of the immunopeptidome is composed of spliced major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptides have stirred significant excitement and raised controversy. Here, I suggest that there are likely no spliced peptides in the immunopeptidome, and if they exist at all, they are extremely rare. I base this claim on both biochemical and bioinformatics considerations. First, as a reactant in normal proteolytic reactions, water will compete with transpeptidation, which has been suggested as the mechanism of peptide splicing. The high mobility and abundance of water in aqueous solutions renders transpeptidation very inefficient and therefore unlikely to occur. Second, new studies have refuted the bioinformatics assignments to spliced peptides of most of the immunopeptidome MS data, suggesting that the correct assignments are likely other canonical, noncanonical, and post-translationally modified peptides. Therefore, I call for rigorous experimental methodology using heavy stable isotope peptides spiking into the immunoaffinity-purified mixtures of natural MHC peptides and analysis by the highly reliable targeted MS, to claim that MHC peptides are indeed spliced. Peptide splicing was suggested to contribute to the immunopeptidome. I suggest that this idea should be reconsidered based on new evidences. Both biochemical and bioinformatics considerations argue against peptide splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Admon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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