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Stefanoudakis D, Frountzas M, Schizas D, Michalopoulos NV, Drakaki A, Toutouzas KG. Significance of TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4 and KRAS in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2827-2844. [PMID: 38666907 PMCID: PMC11049225 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review demonstrates the major tumor suppressor genes, including TP53, CDKN2A and SMAD4, associated with pancreatic cancer. Each gene's role, prevalence and impact on tumor development and progression are analyzed, focusing on the intricate molecular landscape of pancreatic cancer. In addition, this review underscores the prognostic significance of specific mutations, such as loss of TP53, and explores some potential targeted therapies tailored to these molecular signatures. The findings highlight the importance of genomic analyses for risk assessment, early detection and the design of personalized treatment approaches in pancreatic cancer. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular intricacies of pancreatic tumors, paving the way for more effective and tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stefanoudakis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Maximos Frountzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Konstantinos G. Toutouzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
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Srilatha M, Malla R, Adem MP, Foote JB, Nagaraju GP. Obesity associated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Therapeutic challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:12-20. [PMID: 37926347 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a prominent health issue worldwide and directly impacts pancreatic health, with obese individuals exhibiting a significant risk for increasing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several factors potentially explain the increased risk for the development of PDAC, including obesity-induced chronic inflammation within and outside of the pancreas, development of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, promotion of immune suppression within the pancreas during inflammation, pre- and malignant stages, variations in hormones levels (adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin) produced from the adipose tissue, and acquisition of somatic mutations in tumor once- and suppressor proteins critical for pancreatic tumorigenesis. In this manuscript, we will explore the broad impact of these obesity-induced risk factors on the development and progression of PDAC, focusing on changes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) as they pertain to prevention, current therapeutic strategies, and future directions for targeting obesity management as they relate to the prevention of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mundla Srilatha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India
| | - Ramarao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Megha Priya Adem
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India
| | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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O'Brien TD, Potter AB, Driscoll CC, Goh G, Letaw JH, McCabe S, Thanner J, Kulkarni A, Wong R, Medica S, Week T, Buitrago J, Larson A, Camacho KJ, Brown K, Crist R, Conrad C, Evans-Dutson S, Lutz R, Mitchell A, Anur P, Serrato V, Shafer A, Marriott LK, Hamman KJ, Mulford A, Wiszniewski W, Sampson JE, Adey A, O'Roak BJ, Harrington CA, Shannon J, Spellman PT, Richards CS. Population screening shows risk of inherited cancer and familial hypercholesterolemia in Oregon. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1249-1265. [PMID: 37506692 PMCID: PMC10432140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Healthy Oregon Project (HOP) is a statewide effort that aims to build a large research repository and influence the health of Oregonians through providing no-cost genetic screening to participants for a next-generation sequencing 32-gene panel comprising genes related to inherited cancers and familial hypercholesterolemia. This type of unbiased population screening can detect at-risk individuals who may otherwise be missed by conventional medical approaches. However, challenges exist for this type of high-throughput testing in an academic setting, including developing a low-cost high-efficiency test and scaling up the clinical laboratory for processing large numbers of samples. Modifications to our academic clinical laboratory including efficient test design, robotics, and a streamlined analysis approach increased our ability to test more than 1,000 samples per month for HOP using only one dedicated HOP laboratory technologist. Additionally, enrollment using a HIPAA-compliant smartphone app and sample collection using mouthwash increased efficiency and reduced cost. Here, we present our experience three years into HOP and discuss the lessons learned, including our successes, challenges, opportunities, and future directions, as well as the genetic screening results for the first 13,670 participants tested. Overall, we have identified 730 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 710 participants in 24 of the 32 genes on the panel. The carrier rate for pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the inherited cancer genes on the panel for an unselected population was 5.0% and for familial hypercholesterolemia was 0.3%. Our laboratory experience described here may provide a useful model for population screening projects in other states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D O'Brien
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amiee B Potter
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Catherine C Driscoll
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Gregory Goh
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - John H Letaw
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah McCabe
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jane Thanner
- Information Technology Group, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Arpita Kulkarni
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rossana Wong
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Samuel Medica
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Tiana Week
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Buitrago
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Aaron Larson
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Katie Johnson Camacho
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Kim Brown
- Knight Cancer Institute, Community Outreach and Engagement, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Rachel Crist
- Knight Cancer Institute, Community Outreach and Engagement, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Casey Conrad
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Sara Evans-Dutson
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Ryan Lutz
- Knight Cancer Institute, Community Outreach and Engagement, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Asia Mitchell
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Pavana Anur
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Vanessa Serrato
- Knight Cancer Institute, Community Outreach and Engagement, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Autumn Shafer
- University of Oregon, School of Journalism and Communication, Portland, OR 97209, USA
| | | | - K J Hamman
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amelia Mulford
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Wojciech Wiszniewski
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jone E Sampson
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andrew Adey
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Brian J O'Roak
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christina A Harrington
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Community Outreach and Engagement, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paul T Spellman
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - C Sue Richards
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Cui CH, Wu Q, Zhou HM, He H, Wang Y, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xiao J, Zhang H. High tyrosine threonine kinase expression predicts a poor prognosis: a potential therapeutic target for endometrial carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1352. [PMID: 36660721 PMCID: PMC9843307 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background As the most common female malignancy, the incidence and mortality of endometrial carcinoma (EC) continue to increase worldwide. The effects of traditional standard therapy are limited; thus, novel therapeutic strategies urgently need to be developed. We sought to provide prospective targeting insights into EC therapeutics by comprehensively examining and confirming the biological molecular characterization of EC genes. Methods The molecular characterization of EC genes was integrated and analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) databases. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the abnormal expression of some core cell-cycle proteins in the EC specimens was determined by examining and integrating the TCGA and GTEx data. The enriched signaling pathways involved in tumor progression were also examined. Results Immunohistochemical staining data from the Human Protein Atlas database showed that the differential expression levels of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) and tyrosine threonine kinase (TTK) molecules, and the high messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels of CDKN2A and TTK were associated with a poor prognosis in EC patients. High TTK expression was also significantly correlated with the tumor progression associated signaling pathways, such as the cell-cycle, nucleolus, and RNA processing pathways. The inhibition of TTK expression by a TTK inhibitor (NTRC0066-0) significantly suppressed the proliferation of the EC cells and synergistically increased the sensitivity of the EN and AN3-CA EC cell lines. Conclusions The findings suggest that the TTK inhibitor could be used in EC therapy. This study highlighted the potential predictive role of TTK molecules and showed that TTK molecules might serve as prospective targets for EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Cui
- Basic Medical College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiju He
- Department of Hematology, Soochow University Affiliated No. 1 People’s Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhendong Tang
- School of Data Science and Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Inorganic Materials, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bruno W, Dalmasso B, Barile M, Andreotti V, Elefanti L, Colombino M, Vanni I, Allavena E, Barbero F, Passoni E, Merelli B, Pellegrini S, Morgese F, Danesi R, Calò V, Bazan V, D'Elia AV, Molica C, Gensini F, Sala E, Uliana V, Soma PF, Genuardi M, Ballestrero A, Spagnolo F, Tanda E, Queirolo P, Mandalà M, Stanganelli I, Palmieri G, Menin C, Pastorino L, Ghiorzo P. Predictors of germline status for hereditary melanoma: 5 years of multi-gene panel testing within the Italian Melanoma Intergroup. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100525. [PMID: 35777164 PMCID: PMC9434136 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is increasing in Italy, in parallel with the implementation of gene panels. Therefore, a revision of national genetic assessment criteria for hereditary melanoma may be needed. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of susceptibility variants in the largest prospective cohort of Italian high-risk melanoma cases studied to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 25 Italian centers, we recruited 1044 family members and germline sequenced 940 cutaneous melanoma index cases through a shared gene panel, which included the following genes: CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, POT1, ACD, TERF2IP, MITF and ATM. We assessed detection rate according to familial status, region of origin, number of melanomas and presence and type of non-melanoma tumors. RESULTS The overall detection rate was 9.47% (5.53% analyzing CDKN2A alone), ranging from 5.14% in sporadic multiple melanoma cases (spoMPM) with two cutaneous melanomas to 13.9% in familial cases with at least three affected members. Three or more cutaneous melanomas in spoMPM cases, pancreatic cancer and region of origin predicted germline status [odds ratio (OR) = 3.23, 3.15, 2.43, P < 0.05]. Conversely, age > 60 years was a negative independent predictor (OR = 0.13, P = 0.008), and was the age category with the lowest detection rate, especially for CDKN2A. Detection rate was 19% when cutaneous melanoma and pancreatic cancer clustered together. CONCLUSIONS Gene panel doubled the detection rate given by CDKN2A alone. National genetic testing criteria may need a revision, especially regarding age cut-off (60) in the absence of strong family history, pancreatic cancer and/or a high number of cutaneous melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bruno
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy.
| | - B Dalmasso
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Barile
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Andreotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Elefanti
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - M Colombino
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research of the National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Sassari, Italy
| | - I Vanni
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - E Allavena
- University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - F Barbero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Passoni
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - B Merelli
- Oncology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - S Pellegrini
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - F Morgese
- Oncology Unit, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Danesi
- Romagna Cancer Registry, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) 'Dino Amadori', Meldola, Italy
| | - V Calò
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A V D'Elia
- Institute of Medical Genetics, ASUFC University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - C Molica
- Medical Oncology Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Gensini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E Sala
- Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics Unit, H San Gerardo ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - V Uliana
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOU di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - P F Soma
- Casa di Cura Gibiino, Catania, Italy
| | - M Genuardi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Medical Genetics Unit, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ballestrero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - F Spagnolo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Medical Oncology 2, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Tanda
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Medical Oncology 2, Genoa, Italy
| | - P Queirolo
- Division of Medical Oncology for Melanoma, Sarcoma, and Rare Tumors, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mandalà
- Medical Oncology Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy; Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - I Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, IRCCS IRST Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori 'Dino Amadori' (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Dermatologic Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research of the National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Sassari, Italy
| | - C Menin
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - L Pastorino
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - P Ghiorzo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy
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