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Al-Zeer MA, Prehn F, Fiedler S, Lienert U, Krisch M, Berg J, Kurreck J, Hildebrandt G, Schültke E. Evaluating the Suitability of 3D Bioprinted Samples for Experimental Radiotherapy: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179951. [PMID: 36077349 PMCID: PMC9456381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important component in the treatment of lung cancer, one of the most common cancers worldwide, frequently resulting in death within only a few years of diagnosis. In order to evaluate new therapeutic approaches and compare their efficiency with regard to tumour control at a pre-clinical stage, it is important to develop standardized samples which can serve as inter-institutional outcome controls, independent of differences in local technical parameters or specific techniques. Recent developments in 3D bioprinting techniques could provide a sophisticated solution to this challenge. We have conducted a pilot project to evaluate the suitability of standardized samples generated from 3D printed human lung cancer cells in radiotherapy studies. The samples were irradiated at high dose rates using both broad beam and microbeam techniques. We found the 3D printed constructs to be sufficiently mechanically stable for use in microbeam studies with peak doses up to 400 Gy to test for cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and cancer cell death in vitro. The results of this study show how 3D structures generated from human lung cancer cells in an additive printing process can be used to study the effects of radiotherapy in a standardized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir A. Al-Zeer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: or (M.A.A.-Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Franziska Prehn
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Fiedler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation/DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Krisch
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Johanna Berg
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schültke
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: or (M.A.A.-Z.); (E.S.)
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Rogers LJ, Harley JC, McKenzie DR, Suchowerska N. Radiation responses of cancer and normal cells to split dose fractions with uniform and grid fields: increasing the therapeutic ratio. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1424-1431. [PMID: 35323094 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2047826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation treatment of cancer is usually delivered in a prescribed sequence of dose fractions within which the dependence of dose on time is determined by the treatment plan. New techniques, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) have been introduced with the motivation of improving therapeutic outcomes, with the consequence that the time dependence of the dose within a fraction is modified. Here, we test whether an increased toxicity to cancer cells arises when a radiation treatment fraction is delivered in two equal parts, allowing time for the expression of factors, for example, RONS and cytokines, in response to the first dose which may sensitize cells to the second dose. A medium time delay between 15 and 60 minutes is proposed to allow factors to be expressed before repair takes place. A grid field is used to enhance diffusion of the factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell lines used in the study were two prostate cancers (LNCaP and DU 145), a normal prostate (PNT1A), a non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H460), and a glioma (Hs 683). Uniform or spatially modulated grid fields, delivering the same mean dose, were used. The results for the clonogenic survival fractions were grouped into a 'short' delay (under 10 minutes) and a 'medium' delay (between 15 and 60 minutes). RESULTS The medium delay with a grid field yielded a significant increase in toxicity for the four cancer cell lines. The medium delay with a uniform field gave a significant increase in toxicity for the two prostate cancer cell lines. A highly significant increase was found in the therapeutic ratio, defined as the ratio of the survival of prostate normal to prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that the intra-fractional dose schedule with medium time delay offers an opportunity to increase the toxicity of radiation to cancer cells, relative to a single radiation delivery. For all cancer cell lines, a grid field gives a greater toxic effect than a uniform field. The split dose treatment offers an increase in cancer toxicity while preserving normal cells, improving the outcomes of a treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Joanne Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia.,School of Physics, VectorLAB, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juliette Cornelia Harley
- School of Physics, VectorLAB, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Physics, Applied and Plasma Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Robert McKenzie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia.,School of Physics, VectorLAB, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Physics, Applied and Plasma Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalka Suchowerska
- School of Physics, VectorLAB, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Physics, Applied and Plasma Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Trappetti V, Fazzari J, Fernandez-Palomo C, Smyth L, Potez M, Shintani N, de Breuyn Dietler B, Martin OA, Djonov V. Targeted Accumulation of Macrophages Induced by Microbeam Irradiation in a Tissue-Dependent Manner. Biomedicines 2022; 10:735. [PMID: 35453485 PMCID: PMC9025837 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a vital component of multimodal cancer treatment, and its immunomodulatory effects are a major focus of current therapeutic strategies. Macrophages are some of the first cells recruited to sites of radiation-induced injury where they can aid in tissue repair, propagate radiation-induced fibrogenesis and influence tumour dynamics. Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a unique, spatially fractionated radiation modality that has demonstrated exceptional tumour control and reduction in normal tissue toxicity, including fibrosis. We conducted a morphological analysis of MRT-irradiated normal liver, lung and skin tissues as well as lung and melanoma tumours. MRT induced distinct patterns of DNA damage, reflecting the geometry of the microbeam array. Macrophages infiltrated these regions of peak dose deposition at variable timepoints post-irradiation depending on the tissue type. In normal liver and lung tissue, macrophages clearly demarcated the beam path by 48 h and 7 days post-irradiation, respectively. This was not reflected, however, in normal skin tissue, despite clear DNA damage marking the beam path. Persistent DNA damage was observed in MRT-irradiated lung carcinoma, with an accompanying geometry-specific influx of mixed M1/M2-like macrophage populations. These data indicate the unique potential of MRT as a tool to induce a remarkable accumulation of macrophages in an organ/tissue-specific manner. Further characterization of these macrophage populations is warranted to identify their organ-specific roles in normal tissue sparing and anti-tumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Trappetti
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Jennifer Fazzari
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Cristian Fernandez-Palomo
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Lloyd Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Marine Potez
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nahoko Shintani
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Bettina de Breuyn Dietler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Olga A. Martin
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstarsse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (V.T.); (J.F.); (C.F.-P.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (B.d.B.D.); (O.A.M.)
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Kraus KM, Winter J, Zhang Y, Ahmed M, Combs SE, Wilkens JJ, Bartzsch S. Treatment Planning Study for Microbeam Radiotherapy Using Clinical Patient Data. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:685. [PMID: 35158953 PMCID: PMC8833598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) is a novel, still preclinical dose delivery technique. MRT has shown reduced normal tissue effects at equal tumor control rates compared to conventional radiotherapy. Treatment planning studies are required to permit clinical application. The aim of this study was to establish a dose comparison between MRT and conventional radiotherapy and to identify suitable clinical scenarios for future applications of MRT. We simulated MRT treatment scenarios for clinical patient data using an inhouse developed planning algorithm based on a hybrid Monte Carlo dose calculation and implemented the concept of equivalent uniform dose (EUD) for MRT dose evaluation. The investigated clinical scenarios comprised fractionated radiotherapy of a glioblastoma resection cavity, a lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), palliative bone metastasis irradiation, brain metastasis radiosurgery and hypofractionated breast cancer radiotherapy. Clinically acceptable treatment plans were achieved for most analyzed parameters. Lung SBRT seemed the most challenging treatment scenario. Major limitations comprised treatment plan optimization and dose calculation considering the tissue microstructure. This study presents an important step of the development towards clinical MRT. For clinical treatment scenarios using a sophisticated dose comparison concept based on EUD and EQD2, we demonstrated the capability of MRT to achieve clinically acceptable dose distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Melanie Kraus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (S.E.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Winter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (S.E.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yating Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (S.E.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mabroor Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (S.E.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephanie Elisabeth Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (S.E.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Partner Site Munich, Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Jakob Wilkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (S.E.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.B.)
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Bartzsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.); (S.E.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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