1
|
Kang HS, Ali MS, Na SH, Moon BY, Kim JI, Hwang YJ, Yoon SS, Park SC, Lim SK. Nationwide surveillance and characterization of the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolated from chickens in South Korea between 2010 and 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37124. [PMID: 39319126 PMCID: PMC11419902 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC β-lactamase-producing Salmonella conferring resistance to third-generation cephalosporin has emerged as a global public health concern. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis. In total, 409 S. Infatis isolates were collected from the feces and carcasses of healthy and diseased food animals, including chickens (n = 348), pigs (n = 48), cattle (n = 8), and ducks (n = 5) between 2010 and 2022 nationwide in South Korea. Among them, 61.9 % (253/409) of S. Infantis strains displayed resistance to ceftiofur, with the most resistant isolates obtained from chickens (98.4 %, 249/253). Moreover, S. Infantis isolates showed high resistance (47.7-67.2 %) to streptomycin, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, sulfisoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, the multidrug resistance (MDR) was significantly greater in the ceftiofur-resistant isolates compared to the ceftiofur-susceptible isolates (p < 0.05). All the ceftiofur-resistant S. Infantis strains produced CTX-M/CMY-2 β-lactamase enzymes, with bla CTX-M-65 comprising the most (98.4 %, 249/253), followed by bla CTX-M-15 (1.2 %, 3/253), and bla CMY-2 (0.4 %, 1/253). The ceftiofur-resistant S. Infantis belonged to 37 different pulsotypes, with X1A1 (26.1 %, 66/253), X1A2 (20.9 %, 53/253), and X5A3 (9.1 %) being the most prevalent, representing a total of 56.1 % (142/253). Furthermore, the S. Infantis sequence type (ST)32 was the most common, accounting for 91.9 % (34/37) of the three distinct STs (ST32, ST16, and ST11) detected across farms located in various provinces nationwide. Most of the bla CMX-M-65 genes (77.5 %, 193/249), all of the bla CTX-M-15 genes (100 %, 3/3), and the bla CMY-2 gene (100 %, 1/1) were transferred to the recipient E. coli RG488 by conjugation. In addition, the majority of the transconjugants (98.9 %, 191/193) containing bla CTX-M-65 genes belong to the IncFIB replicon type, playing an important role in the quick and widespread dissemination of S. Infantis. Thus, ceftiofur-resistant S. Infantis carrying the β-lactamase genes in chickens has the potential to be transmitted to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seung Kang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sekendar Ali
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Na
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Youn Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-In Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Hwang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kamijo T, Horiuchi K, Negishi T, Natori T, Yamane T, Hachiro A, Uehara T, Hayashi W, Nagano N. First Detection of Chimeric β-Lactamase CTX-M-64-Producing Salmonella Typhimurium from a Domestic Source in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:47-50. [PMID: 37648488 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium has recently emerged worldwide as a producer of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). However, drug-resistant clinical isolates are rare in Japan. The common types of ESBLs found are the CTX-M-type β-lactamases, including novel β-lactamases such as CTX-M-64. CTX-M-64 has a chimeric structure comprising a combination of the CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-9 groups. In 2017, S. Typhimurium was isolated from stool, blood, and urine cultures of an 82-year-old man. Herein, we describe the discovery of a clinical isolate of S. Typhimurium in Japan. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the isolate was resistant to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, including ceftazidime and monobactam. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone were restored by administration of clavulanic acid. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the isolate harbored the blaCTX-M-64 gene on an IncHI2/IncHI2A-type plasmid, with an assembly length of 174,477 bp. The genetic structure of the region surrounding the blaCTX-M-64 gene, ISKpn26-ΔISEcp1-blaCTX-M-64-orf477, was shared only with the chromosome sequence of S. Typhimurium detected in food-producing chickens in Guangdong, China. Although rare, S. Typhimurium can induce bloodstream infections and produce ESBL. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a CTX-M-64-producing Enterobacterales clinical isolate of domestic origin in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomu Kamijo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Kazuki Horiuchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Negishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Natori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Taku Yamane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hachiro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Wataru Hayashi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagano
- Department of Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains Isolated from Human, Wild Boar, and Environmental Samples in 2018-2020 in the Northwest of Italy. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121446. [PMID: 36558780 PMCID: PMC9787983 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most challenging public health problems worldwide, and integrated surveillance is a key aspect in a One Health control strategy. Additionally, Salmonella is the second most common zoonosis in Europe. We aimed to investigate the circulation of Salmonella strains and their related antimicrobial resistance in human, environmental, and wild boar samples from the northwest of Italy, from 2018 to 2020, to obtain a more comprehensive epidemiological picture. Salmonella Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i:-, S. Veneziana and S. Newport were the most common serotypes occurring in humans, the environment, and wild boar, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance was rather common in Salmonella isolates, with those from human displaying the highest degree of resistance against sulfadiazine−sulfamerazine−sulfamethazine (>90% of resistance). Moreover, resistance against azithromycin were exclusively observed in environmental samples, while only 7.7% (95% CI = 1.6−20.8) of wild boar isolates experienced resistance against trimethoprim−sulfamethoxazole. Multidrug resistance concurrently involved up to seven antimicrobial classes in human isolates, including third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Salmonella Typhimurium in humans and serotypes Goldcoast and Rissen from environmental sources showed the highest levels of resistance. This study shows diverse antimicrobial resistance patterns in Salmonella strains isolated from different sources and gives a broad picture of antimicrobial resistance spread in wild animals, humans, and the environment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sasaki Y, Kakizawa H, Baba Y, Ito T, Haremaki Y, Yonemichi M, Ikeda T, Kuroda M, Ohya K, Hara-Kudo Y, Asai T, Asakura H. Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Isolated from Food Workers and Chicken Products in Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121541. [PMID: 34943753 PMCID: PMC8698854 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an enteric bacterial pathogen that causes foodborne illness in humans. Third-generation cephalosporin (TGC) resistance in Salmonella remains a global concern. Food workers may represent a reservoir of Salmonella, thus potentially contaminating food products. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella in food workers and characterize the isolates by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Salmonella was isolated from 583 (0.079%) of 740,635 stool samples collected from food workers between January and December 2018, and then serotyped into 76 Salmonella enterica serovars and 22 untypeable Salmonella strains. High rates of antimicrobial resistance were observed for streptomycin (51.1%), tetracycline (33.1%), and kanamycin (18.4%). Although isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, 12 (2.1%) strains (one S. Infantis, one S. Manhattan, two S. Bareilly, two S. Blockley, two S. Heidelberg, two S. Minnesota, one S. Goldcoast, and one untypeable Salmonella strain) were resistant to the TGC cefotaxime, all of which harbored β-lactamase genes (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, and blaTEM-52B). Moreover, 1.3% (4/309) of Salmonella strains (three S. Infantis and one S. Manhattan strains) isolated from chicken products were resistant to cefotaxime and harbored blaCMY-2 or blaTEM-52B. Thus, food workers may acquire TGC-resistant Salmonella after the ingestion of contaminated chicken products and further contaminate food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Sasaki
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan;
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Gifu, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-44-270-6566; Fax: +81-44-270-6569
| | - Hiromi Kakizawa
- Incorporated Foundation Tokyo Kenbikyo-in, 1-100-38 Takamatsu-cho, Tachikawa 190-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.B.); (T.I.)
| | - Youichi Baba
- Incorporated Foundation Tokyo Kenbikyo-in, 1-100-38 Takamatsu-cho, Tachikawa 190-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.B.); (T.I.)
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Incorporated Foundation Tokyo Kenbikyo-in, 1-100-38 Takamatsu-cho, Tachikawa 190-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (H.K.); (Y.B.); (T.I.)
| | - Yukari Haremaki
- BML Food Science Solutions, Inc., 1549-7, Matoba, Kawagoe 350-1101, Saitama, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masaru Yonemichi
- BML Food Science Solutions, Inc., 1549-7, Matoba, Kawagoe 350-1101, Saitama, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.Y.)
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita19 Nishi 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan;
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.O.); (Y.H.-K.)
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.O.); (Y.H.-K.)
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Gifu, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Asakura
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan;
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Gifu, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Whole-Genome Comparative and Pathogenicity Analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Rissen. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:2159-2170. [PMID: 32358017 PMCID: PMC7341144 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella are a type of bacteria known to cause food-borne illness. Their host range varies widely, and their susceptibility to the host determines its pathogenicity. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen (S. Rissen) is a widely distributed serotype; however, its virulence and pathogenicity are poorly understood. In this study, the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of a representative S. Rissen isolate were investigated. The cell model results showed that S. Rissen preferred to replicate in human macrophage cells U937 compared to murine macrophage cells RAW264.7, suggesting that it has a level of host adaptability. Genome sequencing and comparison analysis revealed that the distribution and nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of virulence factors in S. Rissen were similar to those in S. Typhi rather than to those in S. Typhimurium. Taken together, our results suggest that although S. Rissen is a common serotype distributed in swine herds, pork and chicken products, it has strong ability to infect humans.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shigemura H, Sakatsume E, Sekizuka T, Yokoyama H, Hamada K, Etoh Y, Carle Y, Mizumoto S, Hirai S, Matsui M, Kimura H, Suzuki M, Onozuka D, Kuroda M, Inoshima Y, Murakami K. Food Workers as a Reservoir of Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella Strains in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00072-20. [PMID: 32276982 PMCID: PMC7301857 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00072-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of extended-spectrum-cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Salmonella, especially extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella, is a concern worldwide. Here, we assessed Salmonella carriage by food workers in Japan to clarify the prevalence of ESC-resistant Salmonella harboring blaCTX-M We then characterized the genetic features, such as transposable elements, of blaCTX-M-harboring plasmids using whole-genome sequencing. A total of 145,220 stool samples were collected from food workers, including cooks and servers from several restaurants, as well as food factory workers, from January to October 2017. Isolated salmonellae were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (disk diffusion method), and whole-genome sequencing was performed for Salmonella strains harboring blaCTX-M Overall, 164 Salmonella isolates (0.113%) were recovered from 164 samples, from which we estimated that at least 0.113% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.096 to 0.132%) of food workers may carry Salmonella Based on this estimation, 3,473 (95% CI = 2,962 to 4,047) individuals among the 3,075,330 Japanese food workers are likely to carry Salmonella Of the 158 culturable isolates, seven showed resistance to ESCs: three isolates harbored blaCMY-2 and produced AmpC β-lactamase, while four ESBL-producing isolates harbored blaCTX-M-14 (n = 1, Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg) or blaCTX-M-15 (n = 3, S. enterica serovar Haardt). blaCTX-M-15 was chromosomally located in the S Haardt isolates, which also contained ISEcp1, while the S Senftenberg isolate contained an IncFIA(HI1)/IncHI1A/IncHI1B(R27) hybrid plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-14 along with ISEcp1 This study indicates that food workers may be a reservoir of ESBL-producing Salmonella and associated genes. Thus, these workers may contribute to the spread of blaCTX-M via plasmids or mobile genetic elements such as ISEcp1IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella bacteria arise in farm environments through imprudent use of antimicrobials. Subsequently, these antimicrobial-resistant strains, such as extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella, may be transmitted to humans via food animal-derived products. Here, we examined Salmonella carriage among food handlers in Japan. Overall, 164 of 145,220 fecal samples (0.113%) were positive for Salmonella Among the 158 tested isolates, four were identified as ESBL-producing isolates carrying ESBL determinants blaCTX-M-15 or blaCTX-M-14 In all cases, the genes coexisted with ISEcp1, regardless of whether they were located on the chromosome or on a plasmid. Our findings suggest that food workers may be a reservoir of ESBL-producing strains and could contribute to the spread of resistance genes from farm-derived Salmonella to other bacterial species present in the human gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shigemura
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eri Sakatsume
- Kotobiken Medical Laboratories, Inc., Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiki Etoh
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Carle
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Mizumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hirai
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Matsui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arakawa Y. Systematic research to overcome newly emerged multidrug-resistant bacteria. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:231-251. [PMID: 32068266 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the 1980s, I found that the chromosomal β-lactamase of Klebsiella pneumoniae LEN-1 showed a very high similarity to the R-plasmid-mediated penicillinase TEM-1 on the amino acid sequence level, and this strongly suggested the origination of TEM-1 from the chromosomal penicillinases of K. pneumoniae or related bacteria. Moreover, the chromosomal K1 β-lactamase (KOXY) of Klebsiella oxytoca was found to belong to the class A β-lactamases that include LEN-1 and TEM-1, although KOXY can hydrolyze cefoperazone (CPZ) like the chromosomal AmpC-type cephalosporinases of various Enterobacteriaceae that can hydrolyze several cephalosporins including CPZ. Furthermore, my collaborators and I found plural novel serine-type β-lactamases, such as MOX-1, SHV-24, TEM-91, CTX-M-64, CMY-9, CMY-19, GES-3, GES-4, and TLA-3, mediated by plasmids. Besides these serine-type β-lactamases, we also first identified exogenously acquired metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), IMP-1 and SMB-1, in imipenem-resistant Serratia marcescens, and the IMP-1-producing S. marcescens TN9106 became the index case for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. I developed the sodium mercaptoacetic acid (SMA)-disk test for the simple identification of MBL-producing bacteria. We were also the first to identify a variety of plasmid-mediated 16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferases, RmtA, RmtB, RmtC, and NpmA, from various Gram-negative bacteria that showed very high levels of resistance to a wide range of aminoglycosides. Furthermore, we first found plasmid-mediated quinolone efflux pump (QepA) and fosfomycin-inactivating enzymes (FosA3 and FosK). We also first characterized penicillin reduced susceptible Streptococcus agalactiae, macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well as Campylobacter jejuni, and Helicobacter pylori, together with carbapenem-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. We constructed a PCR-based open reading frame typing method for rapid identification of Acinetobacter baumannii international clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshichika Arakawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pragasam AK, Anandan S, John J, Neeravi A, Narasimman V, Muthuirulandi Sethuvel DP, Elangovan D, Veeraraghavan B. An emerging threat of ceftriaxone-resistant non-typhoidal salmonella in South India: Incidence and molecular profile. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:198-202. [PMID: 31745019 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection is a serious public health problem globally. Although NTS infections are self-limited, antimicrobial therapy is recommended for severe infections and immunocompromised patients. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these pathogens further limits its therapeutic options. Here, we report an incidence of ceftriaxone resistance in NTS over the past 9 years in a southern Indian region. Materials and Methods Molecular mechanisms of resistance in ceftriaxone-resistant NTS have been tested by both phenotypic and molecular methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the E-test and broth microdilution method. AMR gene markers of β-lactamases such as AmpCs (blaMOX, blaCMY, blaDHA, blaFOX, blaACC and blaACT) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaVEB, blaPER, blaCTXM-1like,blaCTXM-2like, blaCTXM-8like, blaCTXM-9like and blaCTXM-25like) were screened. The presence of IncH12 and IncI1 plasmid was also analysed. Results The study reports a 5% prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance in NTS. The most common serogroup was Salmonella Group B followed by Salmonella Group E and Salmonella group C1/C2. The occurrence of blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM, blaCMY and blaSHV genes was observed in 54%, 54%, 48% and 3% of the isolates, respectively. Interestingly, few isolates carried dual resistance genes (ESBLs and AmpCs). IncH12 and IncI1 plasmid was identified in isolates carrying ESBL and AmpC genes, respectively. Conclusion This study shows that ceftriaxone resistance is mainly mediated by β-lactamases such as ESBL and AmpC. As the incidence of ceftriaxone resistance is rising gradually over the years, it is imperative to monitor the AMR in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agila Kumari Pragasam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Anandan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - James John
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayyanraj Neeravi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vignesh Narasimman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Divyaa Elangovan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|