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Egbuim TC, Onyeuwaoma ND, Okere BI, Ezenwugo MH, Chukwudi AO, Uhiene GO, Ugwuozor ND, Shaibu BI, Ugboma EA, Ewim DRE. Erythemal UV radiation across Nigeria: where do we stand? Heliyon 2022; 8:e10158. [PMID: 36039140 PMCID: PMC9418198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on humans are of public health concern which demands constant global monitoring and intervention. This study analysed the latitudinal variations in mean daily and multi-year erythemal ultraviolet radiation (EUVR) across 7 states in Nigeria using satellite data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrophotometer (TOMS) and Ozone Mapping Instrument (OMI). The latitudes studied were 13° N, 8° N, 6° N and 4° N respectively, using 37 years of data obtained from phases: 1979–1988, 1989–1998, 1999–2008 and 2009–2020. The data obtained were statistically analysed using Ms Excel and MATLAB. The results of this study show that the mean daily EUVR at the selected latitudes ranges from 32.97 to 390 (mW/m2). The results show that Borno State located at latitude 13° N had the highest EUVR, while Rivers State recorded the least EUVR at latitude 4° N. Comparative analysis of all the locations studied indicates latitudinal and longitudinal variations because the eastern axis recorded higher values than its western counterpart on the same latitude. Box and whisker plots in this study summarized the latitudinal variance in the mean multi-year EUVR in each phase. Box and whisker plots from 2009–2020 showed that there was a drastic reduction in mean multi-year EUVR in this phase unlike in the other phases. The findings of this study when compared to the UV index show that the 37 years mean EUVR obtained across Nigeria ranged from 8–10 which is on the “very high” category. This study recommends the implementation of WHO suggestions in preventing the biological effects of solar UV radiation. Furthermore, the Nigerian government should curb ignorance among its citizens by heightening public awareness of the effects of EUVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Egbuim
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Nnaemeka D Onyeuwaoma
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Bonaventure I Okere
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Mercy H Ezenwugo
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Augustina O Chukwudi
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Godspower O Uhiene
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi D Ugwuozor
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Baba I Shaibu
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Emeka A Ugboma
- Institute of Geophysics, Atmospheric Physics Department, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel R E Ewim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, South Africa
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Henning A, J Downs N, Vanos JK. Wearable ultraviolet radiation sensors for research and personal use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:627-640. [PMID: 34743221 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are strongly linked to personal exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, yet UV exposure is also the most preventable risk factor. People are exposed to UV rays when they engage in outdoor activities, particularly exercise, which is an important health behavior. Thus, researchers and the general public have shown increasing interest in measuring UV exposure using wearable sensors during outdoor physical activity. However, minimal research exists at the intersection of UV sensors, personal exposure, adaptive behavior due to exposures, and risk of skin damage. Recent years have seen an influx of new consumer-based and research-based UV-sensing technologies with wide-ranging form factors and purposes to fill this research gap, yet a thorough review of available sensors for specific purposes does not exist. Hence, the overall goal of this state-of-the-art review is to synthesize the current academic and gray literature surrounding personal UV-sensing technologies. Peer-reviewed journal articles and "gray literature," such as working papers, manuals, and UV sensor websites, were reviewed, assessing attributes of UV wearables marketed for research use, personal use, or both. Overall, 13 wearable UV sensors are available for personal use and/or research applications. These sensors vary from electronic to photochromic, with large differences in price, data outputs, accuracy, and precision. Recommendations are provided for which sensors are most suitable for various types of research or public use. Notably, the review findings will help guide researchers in future studies assessing UV exposure during physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Henning
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan J Downs
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia
| | - Jennifer K Vanos
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia.
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, 800 Cady Mall #108, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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Koh D, Park J, Lee S, Kim H, Jung H, Kim I, Choi S, Park D. Assessment of sunlight exposure across industries and occupations using blood vitamin D as a biomarker. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12318. [PMID: 35152501 PMCID: PMC8841173 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight induces the production of essential vitamin D, whereas overexposure to sunlight leads to skin cancer. Sunlight exposure has been measured using questionnaires, dosimeters, and vitamin D levels. Several studies have measured vitamin D in the working population; however, these studies were limited to certain occupations such as farmers and construction workers. In the present study, we evaluated sunlight exposure using blood vitamin D as an exposure surrogate across industries and occupations. Methods The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a nationwide study representing the Korean population. We analyzed data from KNHANES between 2008 and 2009. We examined the association between vitamin D levels and pertinent personal, seasonal, residential, and occupational factors. Furthermore, we developed a multiple regression model with factors other than occupational factors (industry and occupation) and obtained residual values. We computed the third quartile (Q3) of the residuals and then calculated the fractions exceeding the Q3 level for each combination of industry and occupation. Results Age, sex, body mass index, year, season, latitude, living area, living in an apartment, industry, and occupation were significantly associated with vitamin D levels. Based on the exceeding fraction, the armed forces showed the highest exceeding fraction level of 0.71. Conclusions Our results present the high exposure groups to sunlight across industries and occupations. Our results may provide a source for prioritizing occupational groups with a high risk of adverse health effects from sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Hee Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine International St. Mary’s Hospital Catholic Kwandong University Incheon Korea
| | - Ju‐Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics Dongguk University Seoul Korea
| | - Sang‐Gil Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency Ulsan Korea
| | - Hwan‐Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University Incheon Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine International St. Mary’s Hospital Catholic Kwandong University Incheon Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul Korea
| | - Sangjun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Donguk Park
- Department of Environmental Health Korea National Open University Seoul Korea
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Fan P, Wang Q, Li J, Lu C, Xu Y, Cao H, Xie X, Wu X, Guo Y, Liu T, Chen Y, Xu S, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Chen D. Poor Status of Vitamin D: A Survey of Area With Lowest Sunlight Radiation in Sichuan, China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:626983. [PMID: 33732216 PMCID: PMC7959743 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.626983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D plays an important role in bone and mineral metabolism. Ultraviolet B (UVB) is the primary determinant for vitamin D synthesis. However, population-based data of vitamin D status was sparse in areas with sunlight deprivation in China. This study aimed to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels among adult women in Sichuan basin with the lowest sunlight radiation in China, and the associations with sunlight exposure and age. METHODS In the context of the same ethnicity, similar latitude and lifestyle in sunlight-limited basin and sunlight-abundant plateau, 1,057 women in basin and 337 in plateau aged 29-95 years were included in this study, from November 2012 to February 2013. Daily sunlight exposure duration of previous month was obtained using questionnaires. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The prevalence of vitamin D severe deficiency [25(OH)D <30 nmol/L] and deficiency [30 ≤ 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] was significantly higher in basin than plateau (21.85% vs. 10.09%, and 59.32% vs. 40.36%; P<0.0001). Women from basin exhibited lower serum 25(OH)D levels than those from plateau (40.66 ± 15.62 vs. 52.54 ± 19.94 nmol/L, P<0.0001). In basin, women more than 50 years old had higher 25(OH)D than younger counterparts, and 25(OH)D level of these groups was not associated with sunlight exposure duration. While in plateau, women younger than 60 years old had higher 25(OH)D than the older women. Furthermore, for those younger groups, women with long sunlight exposure (≥3 h daily) had higher 25(OH)D concentration than those with short sunlight exposure (<3 h daily). Serum PTH was negatively associated with 25(OH)D in basin, but not in plateau. CONCLUSIONS Alarmingly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed in women in sunlight-deprived basin in Sichuan. Only the vitamin D status of younger women from plateau with adequate solar radiation could benefit from sunlight exposure. Vitamin D supplementation and vitamin D-fortified food should be encouraged to improve vitamin D status for women living in sunlight-limited areas, or with old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pianpian Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, First People’s Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang, China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Liangxiang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Decai Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Decai Chen,
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Kalia S, Kwong YKK. Relationship between sun safety behaviours and modifiable lifestyle cancer risk factors and vitamin D levels. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 35:429-435. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kalia
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science and Photomedicine Institute University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health Vancouver BC Canada
- Cancer Control Research Department BC Cancer Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Yue Kay Kali Kwong
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science and Photomedicine Institute University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health Vancouver BC Canada
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a prohormone that is essential to good health. As very few foods (fish, egg yolks, milk) are rich in vitamin D, the main source of the vitamin is synthesized in the skin in the presence of ultraviolet B rays from sunlight. However, due to Canada's northern latitude, sufficient amounts of vitamin D cannot be synthesized using sunlight during the fall and winter months and, consequently, there is a concern that many Canadians are not achieving adequate levels of vitamin D. A wide array of inconsistent evidence derived from serum and dietary assessments has been published and the results are inconclusive. This paper serves to outline the issues and challenges regarding nationwide intervention strategies such as fortification to increase vitamin D intake in the Canadian population. Given the potential for excessive intakes and the lack of informed Canadian data, implementing an intervention to increase vitamin D intake in the entire population may be irresponsible; however, further investigation of vitamin D intakes in certain subgroups of the Canadian population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan McGee
- Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Thandrayen K, Pettifor JM. The roles of vitamin D and dietary calcium in nutritional rickets. Bone Rep 2018; 8:81-89. [PMID: 29955625 PMCID: PMC6019962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of nutritional rickets are becoming progressively clearer. Vitamin D deficiency has generally been considered the major or only player in the pathogenesis of nutritional rickets. However, recent research into calcium deficiency has now provided clinicians with reasons to investigate and manage patients with nutritional rickets more appropriately. The important question when assessing cases of nutritional rickets is: “Is it calcium or vitamin D deficiency or both that play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease?” The case presentation in this review highlights the risk factors, clinical presentation and pathophysiology of nutritional rickets in a young South African black child from a semi-urban area in Johannesburg, a city with abundant sunshine throughout the year. Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies play synergistic roles in nutritional rickets. Dietary calcium intake of <300 mg/day increases the risk of nutritional rickets. Vitamin D status is worsened by dietary calcium deficiency itself. Marked elevation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is characteristic of calcium deficiency. Preventative strategies needed to decrease the prevalence of nutritional rickets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebashni Thandrayen
- Department of Paediatrics, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - John M Pettifor
- Department of Paediatrics, MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Vitamin D in Household Food Supplies of Homebound Older Adults Receiving Home-Delivered Meals. TOP CLIN NUTR 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Transcriptional regulation of ataxia–telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein by activated p21-activated kinase-1 protects keratinocytes in UV-B-induced premalignant skin lesions. Oncogene 2017; 36:6154-6163. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lopes VM, Lopes JRC, Brasileiro JPB, de Oliveira I, Lacerda RP, Andrade MRD, Tierno NIZ, de Souza RCC, da Motta LACR. Highly prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Brazilian women of reproductive age. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:21-27. [PMID: 27737331 PMCID: PMC10522115 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D has several metabolic functions and possible reproductive functions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Brazilian women of reproductive age, and to evaluate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and infertility causes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated data from a private Brazilian assisted reproduction center that were collected between January 1 and May 5, 2012. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured and compared for infertile and fertile women. Concentrations of 25(OH)D that were < 20 ng/mL were defined as deficiency and concentrations of 21-30 ng/mL were defined as hypovitaminosis D. RESULTS Among the 369 evaluated women, 81.1% exhibited hypovitaminosis D and 32.0% exhibited deficiency. The infertile and control patients did not exhibit any significant differences in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (30.2% vs. 35%, respectively; p = 0.33) or in the mean 25(OH)D concentrations (24.3 ± 7.9 ng/mL vs. 23.8 ± 8.7 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.51). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the mean 25(OH)D concentrations among subgroups of patients with single infertility factors, or between these subgroups and the control group. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of Brazilian women of reproductive age exhibited vitamin D deficiency, regardless of their fertility status. Thus, it may be useful to evaluate this population for vitamin D deficiency, although future studies are needed to determine whether this deficiency might affect the outcomes of treatments for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Medina Lopes
- Departamento de Reprodução HumanaInstituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução HumanaBrasíliaDFBrasilDepartamento de Reprodução Humana, Instituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução Humana (VERHUM), Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Joaquim Roberto Costa Lopes
- Departamento de Reprodução HumanaCentro de Medicina ReprodutivaSalvadorBABrasilDepartamento de Reprodução Humana, Centro de Medicina Reprodutiva (Cenafert), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Jean Pierre Barguil Brasileiro
- Departamento de Reprodução HumanaInstituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução HumanaBrasíliaDFBrasilDepartamento de Reprodução Humana, Instituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução Humana (VERHUM), Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Ingrid de Oliveira
- Departamento de EmbriologiaInstituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução HumanaBrasíliaDFBrasilDepartamento de Embriologia, Instituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução Humana (VERHUM), Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Peclat Lacerda
- Departamento de Reprodução HumanaInstituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução HumanaBrasíliaDFBrasilDepartamento de Reprodução Humana, Instituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução Humana (VERHUM), Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Marcos Renato Dib Andrade
- Departamento de Reprodução HumanaInstituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução HumanaBrasíliaDFBrasilDepartamento de Reprodução Humana, Instituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução Humana (VERHUM), Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Natália Ivet Zavattiero Tierno
- Departamento de Reprodução HumanaInstituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução HumanaBrasíliaDFBrasilDepartamento de Reprodução Humana, Instituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução Humana (VERHUM), Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Roberto Costa Cavalcante de Souza
- Departamento de Reprodução HumanaInstituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução HumanaBrasíliaDFBrasilDepartamento de Reprodução Humana, Instituto de Vídeo Endoscopia e Reprodução Humana (VERHUM), Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Luiz Augusto Casulari Roxo da Motta
- Departamento de EndocrinologiaHospital Universitário de BrasíliaBrasíliaDFBrasilDepartamento de Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB), Brasília, DF, Brasil
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