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Rurarz BP, Bukowczyk M, Gibka N, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW, Karczmarczyk U, Ulański P. Nanostrategies for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Targeting of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanomedicine bring the attention of researchers to the molecular targets that can play a major role in the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities for cancer management. The choice of a proper molecular target can decide the efficacy of the treatment and endorse the personalized medicine approach. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is a G-protein-coupled membrane receptor, well known to be overexpressed in numerous malignancies including pancreatic, prostate, breast, lung, colon, cervical, and gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, many research groups express a deep interest in targeting GRPR with their nanoformulations. A broad spectrum of the GRPR ligands has been described in the literature, which allows tuning of the properties of the final formulation, particularly in the field of the ligand affinity to the receptor and internalization possibilities. Hereby, the recent advances in the field of applications of various nanoplatforms that are able to reach the GRPR-expressing cells are reviewed.
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Reginald-Opara JN, Svirskis D, Paek S, Tang M, O'Carroll SJ, Dean JM, Chamley LW, Wu Z. The involvement of extracellular vesicles in the transcytosis of nanoliposomes through brain endothelial cells, and the impact of liposomal pH-sensitivity. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100212. [PMID: 35198960 PMCID: PMC8841812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Nunes SS, de Oliveira Silva J, Fernandes RS, Miranda SEM, Leite EA, de Farias MA, Portugal RV, Cassali GD, Townsend DM, Oliveira MC, de Barros ALB. PEGylated versus Non-PEGylated pH-Sensitive Liposomes: New Insights from a Comparative Antitumor Activity Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:272. [PMID: 35214005 PMCID: PMC8874560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PEGylated liposomes are largely studied as long-circulating drug delivery systems. Nevertheless, the addition of PEG can result in reduced interactions between liposomes and cells, hindering liposomal internalization into target cells. The presence of PEG on the surface of pH-sensitive liposomes is not advantageous in terms of biodistribution and tumor uptake, raising the question of whether the indiscriminate use of PEG benefits the formulation. In this study, two doxorubicin-loaded pH-sensitive liposomal formulations, PEGylated (Lip2000-DOX) or non-PEGylated (Lip-DOX), were prepared and characterized. Overall, the PEGylated and non-PEGylated liposomes showed no differences in size or morphology in Cryo-TEM image analysis. Specifically, DLS analysis showed a mean diameter of 140 nm, PDI lower than 0.2, and zeta potential close to neutrality. Both formulations showed an EP higher than 90%. With respect to drug delivery, Lip-DOX had better cellular uptake than Lip2000-DOX, suggesting that the presence of PEG reduced the amount of intracellular DOX accumulation. The antitumor activities of free-DOX and both liposomal formulations were evaluated in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. The results showed that Lip-DOX was more effective in controlling tumor growth than other groups, inhibiting tumor growth by 60.4%. Histological lung analysis confirmed that none of the animals in the Lip-DOX group had metastatic foci. These results support that pH-sensitive liposomes have interesting antitumor properties and may produce important outcomes without PEG.
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Nunes SS, Miranda SEM, de Oliveira Silva J, Fernandes RS, de Alcântara Lemos J, de Aguiar Ferreira C, Townsend DM, Cassali GD, Oliveira MC, Branco de Barros AL. pH-responsive and folate-coated liposomes encapsulating irinotecan as an alternative to improve efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112317. [PMID: 34634556 PMCID: PMC9052206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (IRN) is a semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin that acts as a topoisomerase I inhibitor. IRN is used worldwide for the treatment of several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, however its use can lead to serious adverse effects, as diarrhea and myelosuppression. Liposomes are widely used as drug delivery systems that can improve chemotherapeutic activity and decrease side effects. Liposomes can also be pH-sensitive to release its content preferentially in acidic environments, like tumors, and be surface-functionalized for targeting purposes. Herein, we developed a folate-coated pH-sensitive liposome as a drug delivery system for IRN to reach improved tumor therapy without potential adverse events. Liposomes were prepared containing IRN and characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, concentration, encapsulation, cellular uptake, and release profile. Antitumor activity was investigated in a murine model of colorectal cancer, and its toxicity was evaluated by hematological/biochemical tests and histological analysis of main organs. The results showed vesicles smaller than 200 nm with little dispersion, a surface charge close to neutral, and high encapsulation rate of over 90%. The system demonstrated prolonged and sustained release in pH-dependent manner with high intracellular drug delivery capacity. Importantly, the folate-coated pH-sensitive formulation had significantly better antitumor activity than the pH-dependent system only or the free drug. Tumor tissue of IRN-containing groups presented large areas of necrosis. Furthermore, no evidence of systemic toxicity was found for the groups investigated. Thus, our developed nanodrug IRN delivery system can potentially be an alternative to conventional colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirleide Santos Nunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sued Eustaquio Mendes Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Salgado Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janaína de Alcântara Lemos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Ashique S, Sandhu NK, Chawla V, Chawla PA. Targeted Drug Delivery: Trends and Perspectives. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1435-1455. [PMID: 34151759 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210609161301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to various limitations in conventional drug delivery system, it is important to focus on the target-specific drug delivery system where we can deliver the drug without any degradation. Among various challenges faced by a formulation scientist, delivering the drug to its right site, in its right dose, is also an important aim. A focused drug transport aims to extend, localize, target and have a safe drug interaction with the diseased tissue. OBJECTIVE The aim of targeted drug delivery is to make the required amount of the drug available at its desired site of action. Drug targeting can be accomplished in a number ways that include enzyme mediation, pH-dependent release, use of special vehicles, receptor targeting among other mechanisms. Intelligently designed targeted drug delivery systems also offer the advantages of a low dose of the drug along with reduced side effects which ultimately improves patient compliance. Incidences of dose dumping and dosage form failure are negligible. A focused drug transport aims to have a safe drug interaction with the diseased tissue. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the available targeting techniques for delivery to the colon, brain and other sites of interest. Overall, the article should make an excellent read for the researchers in this area. Newer drug targets may be identified and exploited for successful drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Navjot Kaur Sandhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Viney Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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Nunes SS, Fernandes RS, Cavalcante CH, da Costa César I, Leite EA, Lopes SCA, Ferretti A, Rubello D, Townsend DM, de Oliveira MC, Cardoso VN, de Barros ALB. Influence of PEG coating on the biodistribution and tumor accumulation of pH-sensitive liposomes. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:123-130. [PMID: 30187353 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are lipid vesicles widely used as nanocarriers in targeted drug delivery systems for therapeutic and/or diagnostic purposes. A strategy to prolong the blood circulation time of the liposomes includes the addition of a hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety onto the surface of the vesicle. Several studies claim that liposome PEGylation by a single chain length or a combination of PEG with different chain lengths may alter the liposomes' pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of PEG on the biodistribution of pH-sensitive liposomes in a tumor-bearing animal model. Three liposomal formulations (PEGylated or not) were prepared and validated to have a similar mean diameter, monodisperse distribution, and neutral zeta potential. The pharmacokinetic properties of each liposome were evaluated in healthy animals, while the biodistribution and scintigraphic images were evaluated in tumor-bearing mice. High tumor-to-muscle ratios were not statistically different between the PEGylated and non-PEGylated liposomes. While PEGylation is a well-established strategy for increasing the blood circulation of nanostructures, in our study, the use of polymer coating did not result in a better in vivo profile. Further studies must be carried out to confirm the feasibility of the non-PEGylated pH-sensitive liposomes for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirleide Santos Nunes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31279-901, Brazil
| | - Renata Salgado Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31279-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina Henriques Cavalcante
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31279-901, Brazil
| | - Isabela da Costa César
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31279-901, Brazil
| | - Elaine Amaral Leite
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31279-901, Brazil
| | - Sávia Caldeira Araújo Lopes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31279-901, Brazil
| | - Alice Ferretti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Neuroradiology, Medical Physics, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology, Pathology, Trasfusional Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Via Tre Martiri 140, 45100, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Neuroradiology, Medical Physics, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology, Pathology, Trasfusional Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Via Tre Martiri 140, 45100, Rovigo, Italy.
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mônica Cristina de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31279-901, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31279-901, Brazil
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31279-901, Brazil. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Fernandes RS, Lemos JA, Branco de Barros AL, Geraldo V, Eleto da Silva E, Alisaraie L, Ferreira Soares DC. Carboxylated versus bisphosphonate SWCNT: Functionalization effects on the biocompatibility and in vivo behaviors in tumor-bearing mice. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Isaac-Olivé K, Ocampo-García BE, Aranda-Lara L, Santos-Cuevas CL, Jiménez-Mancilla NP, Luna-Gutiérrez MA, Medina LA, Nagarajan B, Sabnis N, Raut S, Prokai L, Lacko AG. [ 99mTc-HYNIC-N-dodecylamide]: a new hydrophobic tracer for labelling reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) for radioimaging. Nanoscale 2019; 11:541-551. [PMID: 30543234 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of nanotechnology in radio-imaging applications, lipoprotein based delivery systems have received only limited attention so far. These studies involve the synthesis of a novel hydrophobic radio-imaging tracer consisting of a hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC)-N-dodecylamide and 99mTc conjugate that can be encapsulated into rHDL nanoparticles (NPs). These rHDL NPs can selectively target the Scavenger Receptor type B1 (SR-B1) that is overexpressed on most cancer cells due to excess demand for cholesterol for membrane biogenesis and thus can target tumors in vivo. We provide details of the tracer synthesis, characterization of the rHDL/tracer complex, in vitro uptake, stability studies and in vivo application of this new radio-imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Isaac-Olivé
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50180 Estado de México, Mexico.
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Silva JO, Fernandes RS, Lopes SCA, Cardoso VN, Leite EA, Cassali GD, Marzola MC, Rubello D, Oliveira MC, de Barros ALB. pH-Sensitive, Long-Circulating Liposomes as an Alternative Tool to Deliver Doxorubicin into Tumors: a Feasibility Animal Study. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:898-904. [PMID: 27172938 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapeutic agents used in chemotherapy have low specificity leading to undesired severe side effects. Hence, the development of drug delivery systems that improve drug specificity, such as liposome moieties, is an alternative to overcome chemotherapy limitations and increase antitumor efficacy. In this study, the biodistribution profile evaluation of pH-sensitive long-circulating liposomes (SpHL) containing [99mTc]DOX in 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice is described. PROCEDURES [99mTc]DOX was radiolabeled by direct method. Liposomes were prepared and characterized. [99mTc]DOX was encapsulated into liposomes by freezing and thawing. Circulation time for SpHL-[99mTc]DOX was determined by measuring the blood activity from healthy animals. Biodistribution studies were carried out in tumor-bearing mice at 1, 4, and 24 h after injection. RESULTS Blood levels of the SpHL-[99mTc]DOX declined in a biphasic manner, with an α half-life of 14.1 min and β half-life of 129.0 min. High uptake was achieved in the liver and spleen, due to the macrophages captured. Moreover, tumor uptake was higher than control tissue, resulting in high tumor-to-muscle ratios, indicating higher specificity for the tumor area. CONCLUSION [99mTc]DOX was successfully encapsulated in liposomes. Biodistribution indicated high tumor-to-muscle ratios in breast tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. In summary, these results showed the higher accumulation of SpHL-[99mTc]DOX in the tumor area, suggesting selective delivery of doxorubicin into tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana O Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata S Fernandes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sávia C A Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valbert N Cardoso
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elaine A Leite
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geovanni D Cassali
- Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Marzola
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology, NeuroRadiology, Medical Physics, Pathology, Biomarkers Unit, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology Unit, Rovigo & Adria Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology, NeuroRadiology, Medical Physics, Pathology, Biomarkers Unit, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology Unit, Rovigo & Adria Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Monica C Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Branco de Barros
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Marostica LL, de Barros ALB, Oliveira J, Salgado BS, Cassali GD, Leite EA, Cardoso VN, Lang KL, Caro MSB, Durán FJ, Schenkel EP, de Oliveira MC, Simões CMO. Antitumor effectiveness of a combined therapy with a new cucurbitacin B derivative and paclitaxel on a human lung cancer xenograft model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 329:272-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ferreira CDA, Fuscaldi LL, Townsend DM, Rubello D, Barros ALBD. Radiolabeled bombesin derivatives for preclinical oncological imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 87:58-72. [PMID: 28040598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts, cancer is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths each year, according to the World Health Organization. Among the strategies to reduce cancer progression and improving its management, implementing early detection technologies is crucial. Based on the fact that several types of cancer cells overexpress surface receptors, small molecule ligands, such as peptides, have been developed to allow tumor identification at earlier stages. Allied with imaging techniques such as PET and SPECT, radiolabeled peptides play a pivotal role in nuclear medicine. Bombesin, a peptide of 14 amino acids, is an amphibian homolog to the mammalian gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), that has been extensively studied as a targeting ligand for diagnosis and therapy of GRP positive tumors, such as breast, pancreas, lungs and prostate cancers. In this context, herein we provide a review of reported bombesin derivatives radiolabeled with a multitude of radioactive isotopes for diagnostic purposes in the preclinical setting. Moreover, since animal models are highly relevant for assessing the potential of clinical translation of this radiopeptides, a brief report of the currently used GRP-positive tumor-bearing animal models is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Lima Fuscaldi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, NeuroRadiology, Medical Physics, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology, Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Marostica LL, de Barros AL, Silva JO, Lopes SC, Salgado BS, Chondrogiannis S, Rubello D, Cassali GD, Schenkel EP, Cardoso VN, Simões CM, Oliveira MC. Feasibility study with 99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14) as an agent to early visualization of lung tumour cells in nude mice. Nucl Med Commun 2016; 37:372-6. [PMID: 26629771 DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM More sensitive and accurate imaging approaches for early detection and therapy monitoring of lung tumours are needed to ameliorate prognosis and outcome. Lung tumours are known to overexpress receptors for bombesin-like peptides. However, thus far, no study has demonstrated the potential role of bombesin-like peptides in identifying A549 lung tumour cells in xenograft animal models. Thus, we evaluate the feasibility of Tc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14) as an imaging probe in lung cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Xenograft lung tumours were implanted in nude mice and evaluated by histopathological analysis. Tumours were easily visualized by Tc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14) within 30 days after inoculation of the A549 cell line into mice. Scintigraphic images showed high tumour-to-background ratio. DISCUSSION The data obtained in this study indicate that Tc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14) may be useful as an imaging probe to detect A549 lung cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this specific radiocompound has been used to visualize non-small-cell lung cancer A549 in mice. Further translational research in humans is required to establish the potential role of this radiocompound in clinical practice.
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Mota LG, de Barros AL, Fuscaldi LL, de Souza CM, Cassali GD, Moghbel M, Alavi A, Rubello D, Fernandes SO, Oliveira MC, Cardoso VN. Evolving role of radiolabeled particles in detecting infection and inflammation, preliminary data with 99mTc-phytate in rats. Nucl Med Commun 2015; 36:1113-9. [PMID: 26317807 DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of phytate radiolabeled with technetium-99m (Tc-phytate) to identify inflammatory processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiolabeling efficiency analyses were carried out by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel strips, yielding a radiochemical purity of 92%. In addition, the partition coefficient of Tc-phytate, obtained in a mixture of n-octanol/water (1 : 1), showed hydrophilic features of the radiopharmaceutical. After Tc-phytate was administered into the tail vein of healthy and inflammation focus-bearing rats, induced, in the right tight, by zymosan suspension at 5% (w/v), blood clearance evaluation was performed and showed a short plasma half-life (2.7 min). In the inflammation focus-bearing rats, Tc-phytate scintigraphic images were obtained at 2, 4, and 8 h after radiotracer injection. RESULTS A significant radiopharmaceutical uptake was found in mononuclear phagocyte system organs (liver and spleen) and in the inflammation focus (compared with contralateral muscle). Histopathological analysis showed an intense mononuclear infiltration in the inflamed muscle, suggesting that macrophages may be responsible for the greater radiotracer uptake in the inflamed site. Furthermore, the target-to-nontarget ratio (%ID/g of inflamed muscle-to-%ID/g of control muscle ratio) obtained by scintigraphic images performed at 2 h after the radiotracer injection was 10.24±3.49, remaining without any significant difference at 4 and 8 h. CONCLUSION Inflammation focus was evident in the scintigraphic images from 2 to 8 h after Tc-phytate administration, suggesting that this radiopharmaceutical could be a potential alternative to identify inflamed regions.
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Moreno P, Ramos-Álvarez I, Moody TW, Jensen RT. Bombesin related peptides/receptors and their promising therapeutic roles in cancer imaging, targeting and treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1055-73. [PMID: 26981612 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1164694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite remarkable advances in tumor treatment, many patients still die from common tumors (breast, prostate, lung, CNS, colon, and pancreas), and thus, new approaches are needed. Many of these tumors synthesize bombesin (Bn)-related peptides and over-express their receptors (BnRs), hence functioning as autocrine-growth-factors. Recent studies support the conclusion that Bn-peptides/BnRs are well-positioned for numerous novel antitumor treatments, including interrupting autocrine-growth and the use of over-expressed receptors for imaging and targeting cytotoxic-compounds, either by direct-coupling or combined with nanoparticle-technology. AREAS COVERED The unique ability of common neoplasms to synthesize, secrete, and show a growth/proliferative/differentiating response due to BnR over-expression, is reviewed, both in general and with regard to the most frequently investigated neoplasms (breast, prostate, lung, and CNS). Particular attention is paid to advances in the recent years. Also considered are the possible therapeutic approaches to the growth/differentiation effect of Bn-peptides, as well as the therapeutic implication of the frequent BnR over-expression for tumor-imaging and/or targeted-delivery. EXPERT OPINION Given that Bn-related-peptides/BnRs are so frequently ectopically-expressed by common tumors, which are often malignant and become refractory to conventional treatments, therapeutic interventions using novel approaches to Bn-peptides and receptors are being explored. Of particular interest is the potential of reproducing with BnRs in common tumors the recent success of utilizing overexpression of somatostatin-receptors by neuroendocrine-tumors to provide the most sensitive imaging methods and targeted delivery of cytotoxic-compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Moreno
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Terry W Moody
- b Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director , NCI, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Abstract
In this review, various methods and mechanisms for encapsulation of small therapeutic molecules in liposomes for targeted delivery and triggered release, as well as their potential in the clinical uses, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Singapore 117602
- Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Singapore 117602
- Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
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16
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Carlesso FN, Fuscaldi LL, Araújo RS, Teixeira CS, Oliveira MC, Fernandes SOA, Cassali GD, Reis DC, Barros ALB, Cardoso VN. Evaluation of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14) as an agent for pancreas tumor detection in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:923-8. [PMID: 26445336 PMCID: PMC4617119 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is important in oncology because of its high mortality
rate. Deaths may be avoided if an early diagnosis could be achieved. Several types of
tumors overexpress gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPr), including pancreatic
cancer cells. Thus, a radiolabeled peptide derivative of gastrin-releasing peptide
(GRP) may be useful as a specific imaging probe. The purpose of the present study was
to evaluate the feasibility of
using99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14)as an imaging probe for
Capan-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Xenographic pancreatic tumor was developed in nude
mice and characterized by histopathological analysis. Biodistribution studies and
scintigraphic images were carried out in tumor-bearing nude mice. The two methods
showed higher uptake by pancreatic tumor when compared to muscle (used as control),
and the tumor-to-muscle ratio indicated
that99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14)uptake was four-fold
higher in tumor cells than in other tissues. Scintigraphic images also showed a clear
signal at the tumor site. The present data indicate
that99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7-14)may be useful for the
detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Carlesso
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - L L Fuscaldi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - R S Araújo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - C S Teixeira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - M C Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - S O A Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - G D Cassali
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - D C Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - A L B Barros
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - V N Cardoso
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
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Fuscaldi LL, de Barros ALB, Santos CRDP, de Oliveira MC, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN. Feasibility of the 99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7–14) for detection of LNCaP prostate tumour in experimental model. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015; 305:379-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Eloy JO, Claro de Souza M, Petrilli R, Barcellos JPA, Lee RJ, Marchetti JM. Liposomes as carriers of hydrophilic small molecule drugs: Strategies to enhance encapsulation and delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:345-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Fuscaldi LL, de Barros ALB, Santos CRDP, de Souza CM, Cassali GD, de Oliveira MC, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN. Evaluation of the optimal LNCaP prostate tumour developmental stage to be assessed by 99mTc-HYNIC-βAla-Bombesin(7–14) in an experimental model. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Abstract
The pH-sensitive liposomes have been extensively used as an alternative to conventional liposomes in effective intracellular delivery of therapeutics/antigen/DNA/diagnostics to various compartments of the target cell. Such liposomes are destabilized under acidic conditions of the endocytotic pathway as they usually contain pH-sensitive lipid components. Therefore, the encapsulated content is delivered into the intracellular bio-environment through destabilization or its fusion with the endosomal membrane. The therapeutic efficacy of pH-sensitive liposomes enables them as biomaterial with commercial utility especially in cancer treatment. In addition, targeting ligands including antibodies can be anchored on the surface of pH-sensitive liposomes to target specific cell surface receptors/antigen present on tumor cells. These vesicles have also been widely explored for antigen delivery and serve as immunological adjuvant to enhance the immune response to antigens. The present review deals with recent research updates on application of pH-sensitive liposomes in chemotherapy/diagnostics/antigen/gene delivery etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Rai Paliwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
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21
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Abstract
In recent years, liposomes have been employed with growing success as pharmaceutical carriers for antineoplastic drugs. One specific strategy used to enhance in vivo liposome-mediated drug delivery is the improvement of intracytoplasmic delivery. In this context, pH-sensitive liposomes (pHSLip) have been designed to explore the endosomal acidification process, which may lead to a destabilization of the liposomes, followed by a release of their contents into the cell cytoplasm. This review considers the current status of pHSLip development and its applicability in cancer treatment, focusing on the mechanisms of pH sensitivity and liposomal composition of pHSLip. The final section will discuss the application of these formulations in both in vitro and in vivo studies of antitumor efficacy.
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Abstract
The pH-sensitive liposomes have been extensively studied in recent years as an advantageous alternative to conventional liposomes in effective targeting and accumulation of anticancer drugs in tumors. pH-sensitive liposomes usually contain phosphatidylethanolamine and stabilizing amphiphiles and can destabilize under acidic conditions of the endocytotic pathway. The drug loaded is thought to be delivered into the cytoplasm, probably through destabilization of or fusion with the endosome membrane. This fusogenic property makes the pH-sensitive liposomes more efficient in delivering anticancer drugs than conventional liposomes. The intra-cellular release of drug/gene/diagnostic agents can be achieved without altering their therapeutic efficacy by means of the endosomal escape phenomenon. Cell surface targeting ligands, including antibodies, can be appended on the surface of pH-sensitive liposomes to target specific receptors on tumor cells. This chapter provides an introduction to pH-sensitive liposomes and examples of their therapeutic interest as smart drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Rai Paliwal
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar M.P. India, 470003
- Department of Pharmaceutics SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, C.G. India, 495009
| | - Rishi Paliwal
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar M.P. India, 470003
| | - Suresh P Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar M.P. India, 470003
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de Barros AB, Tsourkas A, Saboury B, Cardoso VN, Alavi A. Emerging role of radiolabeled nanoparticles as an effective diagnostic technique. EJNMMI Res 2012; 2:39. [PMID: 22809406 PMCID: PMC3441881 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-2-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is emerging as a promising approach for diagnostic applications. Nanoparticles are structures in the nanometer size range, which can present different shapes, compositions, charges, surface modifications, in vitro and in vivo stabilities, and in vivo performances. Nanoparticles can be made of materials of diverse chemical nature, the most common being metals, metal oxides, silicates, polymers, carbon, lipids, and biomolecules. Nanoparticles exist in various morphologies, such as spheres, cylinders, platelets, and tubes. Radiolabeled nanoparticles represent a new class of agent with great potential for clinical applications. This is partly due to their long blood circulation time and plasma stability. In addition, because of the high sensitivity of imaging with radiolabeled compounds, their use has promise of achieving accurate and early diagnosis. This review article focuses on the application of radiolabeled nanoparticles in detecting diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases and also presents an overview about the formulation, stability, and biological properties of the nanoparticles used for diagnostic purposes.
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Ferreira SM, Domingos GP, Ferreira Ddos S, Rocha TG, Serakides R, de Faria Rezende CM, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SO, Oliveira MC. Technetium-99m-labeled ceftizoxime loaded long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes used to identify osteomyelitis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4605-8. [PMID: 22726927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an infectious disease located in the bone or bone marrow. Long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes containing a technetium-99m-labeled antibiotic, ceftizoxime, (SpHL-(99m)Tc-CF) were developed to identify osteomyelitis foci. Biodistribution studies and scintigraphic images of bone infection or non infection-bearing rats that had been treated with these liposomes were performed. A high accumulation in infectious foci and high values in the target-non target ratio could be observed. These results indicate the potential of SpHL-(99m)Tc-CF as a potential agent for the diagnosis of bone infections.
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