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Cai J, Lu B, Chen H, Lu M, Zhang Y, Luo C, You L, Dai M, Zhao Y. The impacts of exposure to risk factors during youth on the increasing global trend of early-onset pancreatic cancer. Public Health 2024; 229:65-72. [PMID: 38402665 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An increasing trend of pancreatic cancer in young adults has emerged in some countries. This study aimed to investigate global trends of pancreatic cancer in young adults and explore the impact of exposure to risk factors on pancreatic cancer incidence during youth. METHODS Global and national data on pancreatic cancer incidence, disability-adjusted life-years, attributive mortality, and summary exposure values of risk factors were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) of incidence and mortality was calculated. Additionally, generalized additive models were applied to explore the non-linear associations between the levels and changes in the Human Development Index and AAPC. RESULTS Global pancreatic cancer incidence increased during various periods from 1990 to 2019, particularly in adults aged <45 years from 2010 to 2019, at an average annual increase rate of 0.7% (95% confidence interval: 0.4-1.0%). The AAPC of early-onset pancreatic cancer incidence from 2010 to 2019 was negatively correlated with Human Development Index levels in both 2010 and 2019 but positively correlated with Human Development Index acceleration. Significant increases in early-onset pancreatic cancer incidence were observed over this period in 32 of 88 countries, primarily in South America, North America, Oceania, and Africa. Early-onset pancreatic cancer mortality attributed to high body mass index and fasting plasma glucose increased, while that attributed to tobacco use declined. CONCLUSIONS An increasing trend has emerged in the global incidence and burden of early-onset pancreatic cancer over the last few decades. This rise may partly be attributed to global epidemics of high body mass index and fasting plasma glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cai
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - B Lu
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - H Chen
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - M Lu
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - C Luo
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - L You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - M Dai
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Ilic I, Ilic M. Global Burden of Pancreatic Cancer Attributable to High Body-Mass Index in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:719. [PMID: 38398110 PMCID: PMC10886782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to assess the global burden of pancreatic cancer attributable to a high BMI in 1990-2019. (2) Methods: An ecological study was carried out. Data about deaths and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for pancreatic cancer were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. The age-standardized rates (ASRs, per 100,000) were presented. In order to determine trends of pancreatic cancer burden, joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC). (3) Results: The highest ASRs of DALYs of pancreatic cancer were found in the United Arab Emirates (47.5 per 100,000), followed by countries with about 25.0 per 100,000 (such as Hungary, Czechia, and Montenegro). From 1990 to 2019, the ASRs of deaths and DALYs of pancreatic cancer attributable to a high BMI significantly increased (p < 0.001) for both sexes in all ages, and across all SDI quintiles and all GBD regions. The highest fraction of DALYs attributable to a high BMI was found in the United States of America and China (equally about 15.0%), followed by the Russian Federation, India, Germany, and Brazil (about 5.0%, equally). (4) Conclusions: Further analytical epidemiological studies are necessary to elucidate the relationship between pancreatic cancer and a high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
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Yan H, Wen Y, Tian Z, Hart N, Han S, Hughes SJ, Zeng Y. A one-pot isothermal Cas12-based assay for the sensitive detection of microRNAs. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1583-1601. [PMID: 37106152 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of microRNAs as clinical cancer biomarkers is hindered by the absence of accurate, fast and inexpensive assays for their detection in biofluids. Here we report a one-step and one-pot isothermal assay that leverages rolling-circle amplification and the endonuclease Cas12a for the accurate detection of specific miRNAs. The assay exploits the cis-cleavage activity of Cas12a to enable exponential rolling-circle amplification of target sequences and its trans-cleavage activity for their detection and for signal amplification. In plasma from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the assay detected the miRNAs miR-21, miR-196a, miR-451a and miR-1246 in extracellular vesicles at single-digit femtomolar concentrations with single-nucleotide specificity. The assay is rapid (sample-to-answer times ranged from 20 min to 3 h), does not require specialized instrumentation and is compatible with a smartphone-based fluorescence detection and with the lateral-flow format for visual readouts. Simple assays for the detection of miRNAs in blood may aid the development of miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yunjie Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zimu Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nathan Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Song Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven J Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Cao F, Li F, Shi L, Zhang G, Zhang L, Ma T, Zhang K. Spatial and Temporal Trends in Pancreatic Cancer Burden Attributable to High Body Mass Index at the Global and National Levels. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:831-841. [PMID: 37796406 PMCID: PMC10686914 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the spatiotemporal trends in pancreatic cancer (PC) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality attributable to high body-mass index (BMI) by age, gender, and countries from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 results. We presented the annual number of PC DALYs and mortality, and corresponding age-standardized rates (ASDR and ASMR), which were further stratified by age, gender, and countries. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was computed to assess the longitudinal trends in ASRs. RESULTS In 2019, 0.7 million DALYs and 31.9 thousand deaths worldwide were caused by PC attributable to high BMI, with the largest amount reported in high-income North America, Western Europe, and East Asia. The corresponding ASDR and ASMR were highest in females and in high SDI regions, while quite varied across countries. The global EAPC in ASDR and ASMR was 1.45 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1.40, 1.50) and 1.44 (95% UI: 1.39, 1.49), respectively. Almost all involved countries demonstrated significant uptrends in ASRs from 1990 to 2019. CONCLUSIONS More productive efforts to reduce the impact of modifiable risk factors, such as overweight, should be undertaken, and thus effectively curb the rise of PC burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, People's East Road 54, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shaoling District People's Hospital of Luohe, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, People's East Road 54, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guoyao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, People's East Road 54, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, People's East Road 54, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Tianjiang Ma
- Department of Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, People's East Road 54, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Kexun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Kunshan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongcheng South Road 567, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
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Chen Z, He Y, Ding C, Chen J, Gu Y, Xiao M, Li Q. Safety and Efficacy Analysis of PD-1 Inhibitors in Combination with Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Real-World, Single-Center Study. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:923-935. [PMID: 37965584 PMCID: PMC10642393 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s427942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with a low five years survival rate, and chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for advanced cases. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy alone is limited, and there is a need for new treatment options. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, have shown promising results in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. In this study, we explore the safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 27 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who were administered a combination of anti-PD-1 antibody and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) regimen. The study evaluated the safety of the treatment as well as the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results In this study, treatment with a combination of anti-PD-1 antibody and GnP regimen for pancreatic cancer resulted in partial response (PR) for 10 out of 27 (37.04%) patients, stable disease (SD) for 10 (37.04%) patients, and progressive disease (PD) for 7 (25.92%) patients. The study found that the median OS (mOS) for these patients was 16.4 months [standard error (SE) = 1.117, 95% confidence interval (CI) 14.211-18.589], while the median PFS (mPFS) was 6.4 months (SE = 1.217, 95% CI 3.981-8.752). Subgroup analysis revealed that pancreatic cancer patients' Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) (0 vs 1) and treatment cycles (≤6 cycles vs >6 cycles) significantly affected OS and PFS. Patients experienced mostly grade 1-2 adverse events (AEs), which were relieved through clinical treatment. Conclusion The combination of GnP with anti-PD-1 antibodies shows promise as a potential treatment option for advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Chen
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahui He
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- Child and Adolescent Psychology, Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangjun Gu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Xiao
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Li
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
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Wang K, Wang X, Pan Q, Zhao B. Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:167. [PMID: 37803304 PMCID: PMC10557192 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies. Surgical resection is a potential curative approach for PC, but most patients are unsuitable for operations when at the time of diagnosis. Even with surgery, some patients may still experience tumour metastasis during the operation or shortly after surgery, as precise prognosis evaluation is not always possible. If patients miss the opportunity for surgery and resort to chemotherapy, they may face the challenging issue of chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, liquid biopsy has shown promising prospects in disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment. As a noninvasive detection method, liquid biopsy offers advantages over traditional diagnostic procedures, such as tissue biopsy, in terms of both cost-effectiveness and convenience. The information provided by liquid biopsy helps clinical practitioners understand the molecular mechanisms underlying tumour occurrence and development, enabling the formulation of more precise and personalized treatment decisions for each patient. This review introduces molecular biomarkers and detection methods in liquid biopsy for PC, including circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes. Additionally, we summarize the applications of liquid biopsy in the early diagnosis, treatment response, resistance assessment, and prognostic evaluation of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangchun Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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Maleki Z, Hassanzadeh J, Méndez-Arriaga F, Ghaem H. Environmental factors and incidence of thyroid cancer in the world (1990-2019): an ecological study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:100072-100077. [PMID: 37624503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Environmental risk factors such as presence of pollutants in air as well as the combustion of fossil fuels or carbon as a cooking habit in closed environments inside houses affect thyroid hormonal homeostasis and diseases. This study aimed to estimate the association between environmental risk factors and the incidence of thyroid cancer worldwide from 1990 to 2019 including particulate pollutants coming from fossil fuels employed in closed environments. Data on the incidence of thyroid cancer and some environmental risk factors were extracted from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between the thyroid cancer incidence and environmental risk factors. Finally, a generalized additive model was fitted for modeling. R 3.5.0 was used for analysis of the data. The most relevant results showed that the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of thyroid cancer has a positive and significant correlation with environmental air pollution by O3 (r=0.63, P value<0.001), by particulate matter pollution (r=0.23, P value<0.001), and by household PM2.5 air pollution (r=0.52, P value≤0.001). In contrast, the correlation between ASIR and high temperature (T>25.6°C) (r=-0.27, P value<0.001) is negative and significant. The modeling results showed that particulate matter pollution and O3 pollution and household PM2.5 air pollution which originated from solid fuels are risk factors for thyroid cancer. Therefore, more research in this field is necessary in areas with high levels of air pollution at the national and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Haleh Ghaem
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Yao Q, Jia W, Chen S, Wang Q, Liu Z, Liu D, Ji X. Machine learning was used to predict risk factors for distant metastasis of pancreatic cancer and prognosis analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10279-10291. [PMID: 37278826 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of distant metastasis in pancreatic cancer (PC) have not been elucidated, and this study aimed to explore the risk factors affecting the metastasis and prognosis of metastatic patients and to develop a predictive model. METHOD Clinical data from patients meeting criteria from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and two machine learning methods, random forest and support vector machine, combined with logistic regression, were used to explore risk factors influencing distant metastasis and to create nomograms. The performance of the model was validated using calibration curves and ROC curves based on the Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital cohort. LASSO regression and Cox regression models were used to explore the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with distant PC metastases. RESULTS We found that independent risk factors affecting PC distant metastasis were: age, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, T and N; the independent risk factors for patient prognosis were: age, grade, bone metastasis, brain metastasis, lung metastasis, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Together, our study provides a method for risk factors and prognostic assessment for patients with distant PC metastases. The nomogram we developed can be used as a convenient individualized tool to facilitate aid in clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Yao
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Weili Jia
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhekui Liu
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Danping Liu
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xincai Ji
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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Kozłowska M, Śliwińska A. The Link between Diabetes, Pancreatic Tumors, and miRNAs-New Players for Diagnosis and Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10252. [PMID: 37373398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in medicine, pancreatic cancer is one of the most tardily diagnosed cancer and is consequently associated with a poor prognosis and a low survival rate. The asymptomatic clinical picture and the lack of relevant diagnostic markers for the early stages of pancreatic cancer are believed to be the major constraints behind an accurate diagnosis of this disease. Furthermore, underlying mechanisms of pancreatic cancer development are still poorly recognized. It is well accepted that diabetes increases the risk of pancreatic cancer development, however the precise mechanisms are weakly investigated. Recent studies are focused on microRNAs as a causative factor of pancreatic cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of pancreatic cancer and diabetes-associated microRNAs, and their potential in diagnosis and therapy. miR-96, miR-124, miR-21, and miR-10a were identified as promising biomarkers for early pancreatic cancer prediction. miR-26a, miR-101, and miR-200b carry therapeutic potential, as they not only regulate significant biological pathways, including the TGF-β and PI3K/AKT, but their re-expression contributes to the improvement of the prognosis by reducing invasiveness or chemoresistance. In diabetes, there are also changes in the expression of microRNAs, such as in miR-145, miR-29c, and miR-143. These microRNAs are involved, among others, in insulin signaling, including IRS-1 and AKT (miR-145), glucose homeostasis (hsa-miR-21), and glucose reuptake and gluconeogenesis (miR-29c). Although, changes in the expression of the same microRNAs are observed in both pancreatic cancer and diabetes, they exert different molecular effects. For example, miR-181a is upregulated in both pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus, but in diabetes it contributes to insulin resistance, whereas in pancreatic cancer it promotes tumor cell migration, respectively. To conclude, dysregulated microRNAs in diabetes affect crucial cellular processes that are involved in pancreatic cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kozłowska
- Student Scientific Society of Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Xie X, Li X, Song W. Tumor organoid biobank-new platform for medical research. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1819. [PMID: 36725963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are a new type of 3D model for tumor research, which makes up for the shortcomings of cell lines and xenograft models, and promotes the development of personalized precision medicine. Long-term culture, expansion and storage of organoids provide the necessary conditions for the establishment of biobanks. Biobanks standardize the collection and preservation of normal or pathological specimens, as well as related clinical information. The tumor organoid biobank has a good quality control system, which is conducive to the clinical transformation and large-scale application of tumor organoids, such as disease modeling, new drug development and high-throughput drug screening. This article summarized the common tumor types of patient-derived organoid (PDO) biobanks and the necessary information for biobank construction, such as the number of organoids, morphology, success rate of culture and resuscitation, pathological types. In our results, we found that patient-derived tumor organoid (PDTO) biobanks were being established more and more, with the Netherlands, the United States, and China establishing the most. Biobanks of colorectal, pancreas, breast, glioma, and bladder cancers were established more, which reflected the relative maturity of culture techniques for these tumors. In addition, we provided insights on the precautions and future development direction of PDTO biobank building.
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Silva DRME, Oliveira MMD, Fernandes GA, Curado MP. PANCREATIC CANCER MORTALITY TRENDS AND CORRELATION WITH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) IN BRAZIL OVER 40 YEARS. Arq Gastroenterol 2023; 60:30-38. [PMID: 37194777 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202301000-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer mortality is greater in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI). This study analyzed pancreatic cancer mortality rates trends, and their correlation with HDI in Brazil over 40 years. METHODS Data on pancreatic cancer mortality in Brazil between 1979 and 2019 were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and Annual Average Percent Change (AAPC) were calculated. Pearson's correlation test was applied to compare mortality rates and HDI for three periods: 1986-1995 was correlated with HDI of 1991, 1996-2005 with HDI of 2000, and 2006-2015 with HDI of 2010; and to the correlation of AAPC versus the percentage change in HDI from 1991 to 2010. RESULTS A total of 209,425 deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported in Brazil, with an annual increase of 1.5% in men and 1.9% in women. There was an upward trend for mortality in most Brazilian states, with the highest trends observed in the North and Northeast states. A positive correlation between pancreatic mortality and HDI was observed over the three decades (r>0.80, P<0.05) and also between AAPC and HDI improvement by sex (r=0.75 for men and r=0.78 for women, P<0.05). CONCLUSION There was an upward trend in pancreatic cancer mortality in Brazil for both sexes, but rates among women were higher. Mortality trends were higher in states with a higher percentage improvement in HDI, such as the North and Northeast states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rodrigues Mendonça E Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- A.C.Camargo Câncer Center, Registro Hospitalar de Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Max Moura de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Paula Curado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- A.C.Camargo Câncer Center, Registro Hospitalar de Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- A.C.Camargo Câncer Center, Grupo de Epidemiologia e Estatística do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Li J, Li Y, Chen C, Guo J, Qiao M, Lyu J. Recent estimates and predictions of 5-year survival rate in patients with pancreatic cancer: A model-based period analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1049136. [PMID: 36569146 PMCID: PMC9773388 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1049136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 5-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer (PC) is incredibly low, resulting in this often being a fatal disease. Timely and accurate assessment of the survival rate and prognosis of patients with PC is of great significance for the development of new programs for prevention, monitoring, and treatment. Methods Period analysis and further stratified analysis were used to determine the 5-year relative survival rate (RSR) of patients with PC from 2002 to 2016 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) project database of the National Cancer Institute. Based on this, a generalized linear model was created to predict the survival rate of patients from 2017 to 2021. Result During 2002-2016, the 5-year RSR of patients with PC increased from 7.9 to 23.7%. The generalized linear model predicted that the survival rate had increased to 33.9% during 2017-2021, and hence, it was still unacceptably low. The survival rate of patients aged ≥75 years at diagnosis was the lowest among all age groups and was predicted to be only 21.4% during 2017-2021. Notably, the survival rate of patients with differentiation grade III at diagnosis remains particularly low at 7.6%. Conclusion The survival rates of patients with PC, although slightly improved, remain extremely low. Timely assessment of the trend of survival rate changes in patients with PC further improves the prognosis of tumor patients and provides data support for relevant medical works to formulate effective tumor prevention and control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunmei Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Guo
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengmeng Qiao
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Jun Lyu,
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13
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Li S, He M, Lei Y, Liu Y, Li X, Xiang X, Wu Q, Wang Q. Oral Microbiota and Tumor-A New Perspective of Tumor Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2206. [PMID: 36363799 PMCID: PMC9692822 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have long been known to play key roles in the initiation and development of tumors. The oral microbiota and tumorigenesis have been linked in epidemiological research relating to molecular pathology. Notably, some bacteria can impact distal tumors by their gastrointestinal or blood-borne transmission under pathological circumstances. Certain bacteria drive tumorigenesis and progression through direct or indirect immune system actions. This review systemically discusses the recent advances in the field of oral microecology and tumor, including the oncogenic role of oral microbial abnormalities and various potential carcinogenesis mechanisms (excessive inflammatory response, host immunosuppression, anti-apoptotic activity, and carcinogen secretion) to introduce future directions for effective tumor prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Mingxin He
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yumeng Lei
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuhan Asia General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xinquan Li
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiaochen Xiang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qingming Wu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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Vikramdeo KS, Anand S, Khan MA, Khushman M, Heslin MJ, Singh S, Singh AP, Dasgupta S. Detection of mitochondrial DNA mutations in circulating mitochondria-originated extracellular vesicles for potential diagnostic applications in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18455. [PMID: 36323735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a complete lack of highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis, limiting multi-modal therapeutic options. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an excellent resource for biomarker discovery because of its high copy number and increased mutational frequency in cancer cells. We examined if mtDNA mutations can be detected in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) of PDAC patients and used for discerning between cancer and non-cancer subjects. A greater yield of circulating EVs (~ 1.4 fold; p = 0.002) was obtained in PDAC patients (n = 20) than non-cancer (NC) individuals (n = 10). PDAC-EVs contained a higher quantity of total DNA (~ 5.5 folds; p = 0.0001) than NC-EVs and had greater enrichment of mtDNA (~ 14.02-fold; p = 0.0001). PDAC-EVs also had higher levels of cardiolipin (a mitochondrial inner-membrane phospholipid), suggestive of their mitochondrial origin. All mtDNA mutations in PDAC-EVs were unique and frequency was remarkably higher. Most mtDNA mutations (41.5%) in PDAC-EVs were in the respiratory complex-I (RCI) (ND1-ND6), followed by the RCIII gene (CYTB; 11.2%). Among the non-coding genes, D-Loop and RNR2 exhibited the most mutations (15.2% each). Altogether, our study establishes, for the first time, that mtDNA mutations can be detected in circulating EVs and potentially serve as a tool for reliable PDAC diagnosis.
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Hong MZ, Li JM, Chen ZJ, Lin XY, Pan JS, Gong LL. Global burden of major gastrointestinal cancers and its association with socioeconomics, 1990-2019. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942035. [PMID: 36387124 PMCID: PMC9664003 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand the impact of common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and help to formulate evidence-based policy, we evaluate the relationship between the burden of GI tract cancers and socioeconomics. METHODS Data on GI tract cancer burden were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 including mortality and incidence rates. According to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) level, country and territory, and sex, etc., the data were further stratified. The association between the burden of GI tract cancer and socioeconomics, indicated by SDI, was described. Uncertainty analysis was estimated using bootstrap draw. RESULTS In 2019, five major cancers of the gastrointestinal tract led to an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 61.9 (95% CI 56.1-67.6) per 100 000 person-years. From 1990 to 2019, five common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract related age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) decreased by -22.7% (-31.1 to -13.5). For the five common tumors, ASIRs and ASDRs were both higher in males than those in females. Globally, Mongolia, and several East Asia countries exhibited the highest ASIRs in 2019. The high SDI, and high-middle SDI locations recorded the highest incidence rate and death rate of colon and rectum cancer and pancreatic cancer. On the contrary, the low-middle SDI, and low SDI locations possessed the highest incidence rate and death rate of stomach cancer and esophageal cancer. CONCLUSION There is a profound association between socioeconomics and burden of common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. It would be helpful for the high SDI, and high-middle SDI locations to pay special attention to the screening of colon and rectum cancer and pancreatic cancer while the low-middle SDI, and low SDI locations should pay more attention to the screening of stomach cancer and esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhu Hong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing-Mao Li
- Department of Statistics, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Chen
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Shui Pan
- Department of Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Li Gong
- Department of Health Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Qu Y, Lu J, Mei W, Jia Y, Bian C, Ding Y, Guo Y, Cao F, Li F. Prognostic biomarkers of pancreatic cancer identified based on a competing endogenous RNA regulatory network. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 11:4019-4036. [PMID: 36523322 PMCID: PMC9745361 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is an insidious and heterogeneous malignancy with poor prognosis that is often locally unresectable. Therefore, determining the underlying mechanisms and effective prognostic indicators of pancreatic cancer may help optimize clinical management. This study was conducted to develop a prognostic model for pancreatic cancer based on a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. METHODS We obtained transcriptomic data and corresponding clinicopathological information of pancreatic cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (training set). Based on the ceRNA interaction network, we screened candidate genes to build prediction models. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to screen for genes associated with prognosis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was conducted to construct a predictive model. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the C-index was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. Furthermore, we downloaded transcriptomic data and related clinical information of pancreatic cancer samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (validation set) to evaluate the robustness of our prediction model. RESULTS Eight genes (ANLN, FHDC1, LY6D, SMAD6, ACKR4, RAB27B, AUNIP, and GPRIN3) were used to construct the prediction model, which was confirmed as an independent predictor for evaluating the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. By plotting the decision curve, we found that the risk score model is an independent predictor has the greatest impact on survival compared to pathological stage and targeted molecular therapy. CONCLUSIONS An eight-gene prediction model was constructed for effectively and independently predicting the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. These eight genes identified show potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxu Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiongdi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentong Mei
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjing Bian
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Schnipper J, Kouba S, Hague F, Girault A, Telliez MS, Guénin S, Ahidouch A, Pedersen SF, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Acid Adaptation Promotes TRPC1 Plasma Membrane Localization Leading to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation and Migration through Ca 2+ Entry and Interaction with PI3K/CaM. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4946. [PMID: 36230869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers globally, with a 5-year overall survival of less than 10%. The development and progression of PDAC are linked to its fluctuating acidic tumor microenvironment. Ion channels act as important sensors of this acidic tumor microenvironment. They transduce extracellular signals and regulate signaling pathways involved in all hallmarks of cancer. In this study, we evaluated the interplay between a pH-sensitive ion channel, the calcium (Ca2+) channel transient receptor potential C1 (TRPC1), and three different stages of the tumor microenvironment, normal pH, acid adaptation, and acid recovery, and its impact on PDAC cell migration, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. In acid adaptation and recovery conditions, TRPC1 localizes to the plasma membrane, where it interacts with PI3K and calmodulin, and permits Ca2+ entry, which results in downstream signaling, leading to proliferation and migration. Thus, TRPC1 exerts a more aggressive role after adaptation to the acidic tumor microenvironment. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with a low overall survival rate of less than 10% and limited therapeutic options. Fluctuations in tumor microenvironment pH are a hallmark of PDAC development and progression. Many ion channels are bona fide cellular sensors of changes in pH. Yet, the interplay between the acidic tumor microenvironment and ion channel regulation in PDAC is poorly understood. In this study, we show that acid adaption increases PANC-1 cell migration but attenuates proliferation and spheroid growth, which are restored upon recovery. Moreover, acid adaptation and recovery conditions favor the plasma membrane localization of the pH-sensitive calcium (Ca2+) channel transient receptor potential C1 (TRPC1), TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ influx, channel interaction with the PI3K p85α subunit and calmodulin (CaM), and AKT and ERK1/2 activation. Knockdown (KD) of TRPC1 suppresses cell migration, proliferation, and spheroid growth, notably in acid-recovered cells. KD of TRPC1 causes the accumulation of cells in G0/G1 and G2/M phases, along with reduced expression of CDK6, −2, and −1, and cyclin A, and increased expression of p21CIP1. TRPC1 silencing decreases the basal Ca2+ influx in acid-adapted and -recovered cells, but not in normal pH conditions, and Ca2+ chelation reduces cell migration and proliferation solely in acid adaptation and recovery conditions. In conclusion, acid adaptation and recovery reinforce the involvement of TRPC1 in migration, proliferation, and cell cycle progression by permitting Ca2+ entry and forming a complex with the PI3K p85α subunit and CaM.
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Ilic I, Ilic M. International patterns in incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in the last three decades: A joinpoint regression analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4698-4715. [PMID: 36157927 PMCID: PMC9476884 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer, as the one of most fatal malignancies, remains a critical issue in the global burden of disease.
AIM To estimate trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality worldwide in the last three decades.
METHODS A descriptive epidemiological study was done. Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality data were obtained from the database of the World Health Organization. Analysis of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality during 2020 was performed. The age-standardized rates (ASRs, expressed per 100000) were presented. To estimate trends of incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer, joinpoint regression analysis was used: the average annual percent change (AAPC) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated. Additionally, analysis was performed by sex and age. In this paper, the trend analysis included only countries with high and medium data quality.
RESULTS A total of 495773 (262865 male and 232908 female) new cases and 466003 (246840 male and 219163 female) deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported worldwide in 2020. In both sexes, most of the new cases (191348; 38.6% of the total) and deaths (182074; 39.1% of the total) occurred in the Western Pacific Region. In both sexes, the highest ASRs were found in the European Region, while the lowest rates were reported in the South-East Asia Region. The general pattern of rising pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality was seen across countries worldwide in observed period. Out of all countries with an increase in pancreatic cancer incidence, females in France and India showed the most marked rise in incidence rates (AAPC = +3.9% and AAPC = +3.7%, respectively). Decreasing incidence trends for pancreatic cancer were observed in some countries, but without significance. Out of all countries with an increase in pancreatic cancer mortality rates, Turkmenistan showed the most marked rise both in males (AAPC = +10.0%, 95%CI: 7.4–12.5) and females (AAPC = +6.4%, 95%CI: 3.5–9.5). The mortality trends of pancreatic cancer were decreasing in both sexes only in Canada and Mexico.
CONCLUSION Further research is needed to explain the cause of large international differences in incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in last three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Milena Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
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Huang W, Li J, Zhou S, Li Y, Yuan X. Discovering a Four-Gene Prognostic Model Based on Single-Cell Data and Gene Expression Data of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883548. [PMID: 35800432 PMCID: PMC9253429 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer has a 5-year overall survival lower than 8%. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is the most common type. This study attempted to explore novel molecular subtypes and a prognostic model through analyzing tumor microenvironment (TME). Materials and Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and expression profiles from public databases were downloaded. Three PAAD samples with single-cell data and 566 samples with gene expression data were included. Seurat was used to identify cell subsets. SVA merged and removed batch effects from multichip datasets. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the components of different cells in transcriptome, ConsensusClusterPlus was used to identify molecular subtypes, and gene set enrichment analysis was used for functional enrichment analysis. LASSO Cox was performed to construct dimensionality reduction and prognosis model. Results Memory B cells (MBCs) were identified to be significantly with PAAD prognosis. Two immune subtypes (IS1 and IS2) with distinct overall survival were constructed. Forty-one DEGs were identified between IS1 and IS2. Four prognostic genes (ANLN, ARNTL2, SERPINB5, and DKK1) were screened to develop a prognostic model. The model was effective in classifying samples into high-risk and low-risk groups with distinct prognosis. Three subgroups of MBCs were identified, where MBC_0 and MBC_1 were differentially distributed between IS1 and IS2, high-risk and low-risk groups. Conclusions MBCs were closely involved in PAAD progression, especially MBC_0 and MBC_1 subgroups. The four-gene prognostic model was predictive of overall survival and could guide immunotherapy for patients with PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Huang
- The Second Department of Medical Oncology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Second Department of Medical Oncology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- The Second Department of Medical Oncology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- The Second Department of Medical Oncology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Cancer Center, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, China
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Abstract
We estimated cancer mortality statistics for the current year in seven major Latin American countries, with a focus on colorectal cancer. We retrieved official death certification data and population figures from the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization databases. We analysed mortality from all neoplasms combined and for selected cancer sites. We estimated numbers of deaths and age-standardized mortality rates for the year 2021 using a logarithmic Poisson count data joinpoint model. Total cancer mortality is predicted to decline in all countries considered for both sexes, with the exception of Argentinian women. The lowest total mortality rates were predicted in Mexico (65.4/100 000 men and 62.3 in women), the highest ones were in Cuba (133.3/100 000 men and 91.0 in women). Stomach cancer rates have been decreasing since 1970 in all countries; colorectal cancer started to decline over recent calendar periods. Rates for this cancer were unfavourable in the youngest age group. Lung cancer trends declined in males and remained comparatively low in all countries except Cuba. In Cuba, lung cancer rates in women overtook those for breast. Mortality from cancers of the breast, (cervix) uterus, ovary, prostate and bladder, as well as leukemia mostly showed favourable trends. A marked variability in rates across Latin American countries persists, and rates were relatively high for stomach, uterus, prostate and lung cancers, as compared to Europe and North America, suggesting the need to improve preventive strategies. Colorectal cancer mortality was relatively low in Latin America, except in Argentina, and short-term predictions remain moderately favourable.
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22
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Yang N, Liu L, Liu X, Chen Y, Lu J, Wang Z. hnRNPC Promotes Malignancy in Pancreatic Cancer through Stabilization of IQGAP3. Biomed Res Int 2022; 2022:6319685. [PMID: 35355828 PMCID: PMC8958073 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6319685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to challenges in early-stage detection, aggressive behavior, and poor response to systemic therapy, pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancer types globally. The role of RNA-binding protein (RBP) transcription and translation of cancer cells has been well demonstrated, although their roles in pancreatic cancer is less well understood. In this study, we found that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNPC), a RBP, is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and cells. In addition, we discovered that overexpression of hnRNPC in PDAC cells in vitro increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The presence of hnRNPC promoted tumorigenesis of pancreatic cells in metastatic in vivo models, which was also validated. In silico analyses revealed that hnRNPC is a strong positive regulator of IQ Motif Containing GTPase Activating Protein 3 (IQGAP3) activity. The experimental confirmation of this association revealed a direct interaction of IQGAP3 and hnRNPC to induce cell growth and invasion in PDAC cells by activating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In light of the findings that hnRNPC accelerates PDAC progression by interfering with IQGAP3, it appears that this technique for diagnosis and treatment of PDAC may have promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Mowbray NG, Griffiths R, Akbari A, Hutchings H, Jenkins G, Al-Sarireh B. The Impact of a Centralised Pancreatic Cancer Service: a Case Study of Wales, UK. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:367-375. [PMID: 34506014 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The centralisation of pancreatic cancer (PC) services still varies worldwide. This study aimed to assess the impact that a centralisation has had on patients in South Wales, UK. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of patients in South Wales, UK, with PC prior to (2004-2009), and after (2010-2014) the formation of a specialist centre. Patients were identified using record linkage of electronic health records. RESULTS The overall survival (OS) of all 3413 patients with PC increased from a median (IQR) 10 weeks (3-31) to 11 weeks (4-35), p = 0.038, after centralisation. The OS of patients undergoing surgical resection or chemotherapy alone did not improve (93 weeks (39-203) vs. 90 weeks (50-95), p = 0.764 and 33 weeks (20-57) vs. 33 weeks (19-58), p = 0.793). Surgical resection and chemotherapy rates increased (6.1% vs. 9.2%, p < 0.001 and 19.7% vs. 27.0%, p < 0.001). The 30-day mortality rate trended downwards (7.2% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.186). The percentage of patients who received no treatment reduced (75.2% vs. 69.6%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The centralisation of PC services in South Wales is associated with a small increase in OS and a larger increase in PC treatment utilisation. It is concerning that many patients still fail to receive any treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Mowbray
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK. .,Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK.
| | - Rowena Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK.,Health Data Research UK, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ashley Akbari
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK.,Health Data Research UK, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | | | | | - Bilal Al-Sarireh
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK.,Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK
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24
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Santos WD, Fernandes FCGDM, Souza DLBD, Aiquoc KM, Souza AMGD, Barbosa IR. Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality trends: a population-based study. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v24n1.89397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyze trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in Latin American countries.
Methods An ecological study with incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and mortality data from the World Health Organization. The trend of incidence by Joinpoint regression, the variation of the annual average and the 95% confidence interval were analyzed.
Results There were increasing trends in incidence in Brazil, in males, aged 40-59 years, and reduction in Costa Rica. In females, there was stability in all age groups. The mortality rates increased in the elderly in Brazil (AAPC: 1.09%; 95% CI: 0.76; 1.42), Peru (AAPC: 1.76%; 95% CI: 0.36; 3.17) and El Salvador (AAPC: 2.88%; 95% CI: 0.38; 5.43), while in Mexico, there was a reduction. In females, this rate increased in Brazil (AAPC: 1.38%; 95% CI: 1.07; 1.69), Peru (AAPC: 2.25%; 95% CI: 0.68; 3.85), Chile (AAPC: 3.62%; 95% CI:1.96; 5.31), Nicaragua (AAPC: 2.51%; 95% CI: 0.36; 4.71) and Paraguay (AAPC: 1.17%; 95% CI: 0.37; 1.98) and a downward trend was observed in Colombia and Ecuador.
Conclusions Pancreatic cancer had a higher incidence in the elderly population of both sexes and an increase of the mortality trend in females was noted.
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Harvitkar RU, Peri H, Zallipalli SN, Joseph SJ, Gattupalli GB, Ansari K. Non-Cancer Causes of Death in Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Based Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e20289. [PMID: 34926091 PMCID: PMC8655487 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify the most common causes of non-cancer mortality in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) and compare their mortality risk with the general population. Methodology This study analyzed PAC patients' data registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We studied the causes of death and investigated their association with age, sex, race, tumor stage at presentation, and treatment modality according to the time interval from diagnosis during which death events occurred. We used the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Results A total of 67,694 PAC patients' data were analyzed; of these patients, 64,347 (95.06%) died during the follow-up. Most deaths occurred due to cancer (61,685; 95.86% of deaths), while non-cancer mortality represented only 4.14%. The most common causes of non-cancer mortality were heart diseases (SMR = 2.79), cerebrovascular diseases (SMR = 3.11), and septicemia (SMR = 8.2). PAC patients had a higher mortality risk for all studied mortality causes except Alzheimer's disease (SMR = 0.5) and homicide and legal intervention (SMR = 2.29). Conclusions Approximately 96% of PAC patients' deaths are due to cancer. While the dominant non-cancer causes of death include heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and septicemia, with a higher risk of mortality for most non-cancer causes than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harish Peri
- Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, IND
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26
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Aryannejad A, Tabary M, Ebrahimi N, Mohammadi E, Fattahi N, Roshani S, Masinaei M, Naderimagham S, Azadnajafabad S, Jamshidi K, Fateh SM, Moghimi M, Kompani F, Rezaei N, Farzadfar F. Global, regional, and national survey on the burden and quality of care of pancreatic cancer: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 1990-2017. Pancreatology 2021; 21:1443-1450. [PMID: 34561167 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most lethal cancers worldwide, and the quality of care provided to PC patients is a vital public health concern. We aimed to investigate the quality of care of PC globally and to report its current burden. METHODS The Quality of Care Index (QCI) was achieved by performing a Principal Component Analysis utilizing the results of the GBD study 2017. The QCI was defined as a range between 0 and 100, in which higher QCIs show higher quality of care. Possible gender- and age-related inequalities in terms of QCI were explored based on WHO world regions and the sociodemographic index (SDI). RESULTS In 2017, Japan had the highest QCI among all countries (QCI = 99/100), followed by Australia (QCI = 83/100) and the United States (QCI = 76/100). In Japan and Australia, males and females had almost the same QCIs in 2017, while in the United States, females had lower QCIs than males. In contrast to these high-QCI nations, African countries had the lowest QCIs in 2017. Besides, QCI increased by SDI, and high-SDI regions had the highest QCIs. Regarding patients' age, elderly cases had higher QCIs than younger patients globally and in high-SDI regions. CONCLUSION This study provides clinicians and health authorities with a wider vision around the quality of care of PC worldwide and highlights the existing disparities. This could help them investigate possible effective strategies to improve the quality of care in regions with lower QCIs and higher gender- and age-related inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Aryannejad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Tabary
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Fattahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Roshani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Masinaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Naderimagham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Jamshidi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohammadi Fateh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Moghimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kompani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Momayez Sanat Z, Masoudi S, Mansouri M, Ghamarzad Shishavan N, Jameshorani M, Pourshams A. Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, and Risk of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: a Large Case-Control Study from Iran. Middle East J Dig Dis 2021; 13:15-20. [PMID: 34712433 PMCID: PMC8531941 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2021.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly, globally increasing cancer. The causes of PC are still insufficiently known, however smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity have been identified as risk factors of PC, mostly in the developed countries. We evaluated these risk factors and their contribution to PC among an Iranian population. METHODS Cases and controls were selected from patients who were registered to a tertiary gastrointestinal diseases referral hospital in Tehran, Iran, from Jan 2012 to Jan 2018. Information on risk factors was collected by personal interview using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We recruited 470 new patients with histopathological PC diagnosis and 526 sex and age-matched controls. Cigarette-smoking [AOR: 1.65 (1.15-2.38)], opium use [AOR: 1.58 (1.06-2.35)], DM [AOR: 1.99 (1.31-3.02)], and having a history of any cancer in a first-degree family member [AOR: 1.53 (1.14-2.05)] were associated with an increased risk of PC. We did not find an association between obesity [AOR: 0.99 (0.71-1.38)] and PC. Approximately 4.6%, 5.9%, 8.2%, and 10.9% risk of PC were related to cigarette-smoking, opium use, DM, and family history of any cancer, respectively. CONCLUSION This study supports that DM is associated with PC risk; however, similar to many studies in Asia, obesity is not associated with PC in Iranians. DM has the highest impact on PC development in Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Momayez Sanat
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Masoudi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Mansouri
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Ghamarzad Shishavan
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jameshorani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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28
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Onohuean H, Adisa RA, Alagbonsi AI. Anti-apoptotic effect of Buchholzia coriacea Engl. stem back extracts on AsPC-1 and mechanisms of action. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 34627212 PMCID: PMC8501612 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Buchholzia coriacea Engl. is popularly called wonderful cola due to its wide ethnomedicinal use for the treatment of various ailments. We investigated the possible cytotoxic effect of its various fractions on human pancreatic cancer cell (AsPC-1) and also determined its mechanisms of action. Materials and methods The AsPC-1 cells were cultivated and separately treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or Buchholzia coriacea Engl. bark (BC) (ethanol, aqueous, chloroform or ethyl acetate extract) for 72 h. Cell viability, caspase 3 and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were determined in vitro after the treatment. Nitric oxide (NO) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals’ scavenging property, ferric reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays were also done to examine the antioxidant effect of BC in vitro. Results Various extracts of BC, especially at 2500 μg/ml and 5000 μg/ml, increased the AsPC-1 viability while 5-FU decreased it. The activity of caspase 3 was increased by 5-FU but reduced by all concentrations of various extracts of BC. Incubation of AsPC-1 with 5-FU showed the majority of cells having the monomeric form of JC-1 dye (bright green fluorescence), which indicated de-energized mitochondria. However, fluorescence photomicrograph of cells incubated with different concentrations (20, 40 and 100 μg/ml) of BC extracts (aqueous, ethanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate) showed strong JC-1 aggregation (yellow), which indicated mitochondria with intact membrane potentials. BC extracts also scavenged NO and DPPH radicals, inhibited lipid peroxidation and increased ferric reduction, though not as much as ascorbic acid. Conclusion This study suggests that BC elicits anti-apoptotic activity in AsPC-1 by increasing cell viability, decreasing caspase 3 activity, stabilizing the ∆Ψm, and scavenging free radicals. Even though BC is used ethnomedicinally as anti-cancer agent, our findings in the present study suggest that it has pro-cancer potential in-vitro, especially on pancreatic cells. Its anti-apoptotic activity in AsPC-1 could be of clinical significance, especially to counteract the effect of apoptotic agents on pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- Biopharmaceutics unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | - Rahmat Adetutu Adisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi
- Department of Clinical Biology (Physiology Unit), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Huye, Rwanda
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a significant public health problem with an ever-rising incidence of disease. Cancers of the pancreas are characterised by various molecular aberrations, including changes in the proteomics and genomics landscape of the tumour cells. Therefore, there is a need to identify the proteomic landscape of pancreatic cancer and the specific genomic and molecular alterations associated with disease subtypes. Here, we carry out an integrative bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, including proteomics and whole-exome sequencing data collected from pancreatic cancer patients. We apply unsupervised clustering on the proteomics dataset to reveal the two distinct subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Using functional and pathway analysis based on the proteomics data, we demonstrate the different molecular processes and signalling aberrations of the pancreatic cancer subtypes. In addition, we explore the clinical characteristics of these subtypes to show differences in disease outcome. Using datasets of mutations and copy number alterations, we show that various signalling pathways previously associated with pancreatic cancer are altered among both subtypes of pancreatic tumours, including the Wnt pathway, Notch pathway and PI3K-mTOR pathways. Altogether, we reveal the proteogenomic landscape of pancreatic cancer subtypes and the altered molecular processes that can be leveraged to devise more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kafita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Panji Nkhoma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mildred Zulu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Musalula Sinkala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- * E-mail:
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30
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a relatively uncommon cancer, with approximately 60 430 new diagnoses expected in 2021 in the US. The incidence of PDAC is increasing by 0.5% to 1.0% per year, and it is projected to become the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality by 2030. OBSERVATIONS Effective screening is not available for PDAC, and most patients present with locally advanced (30%-35%) or metastatic (50%-55%) disease at diagnosis. A multidisciplinary management approach is recommended. Localized pancreas cancer includes resectable, borderline resectable (localized and involving major vascular structures), and locally advanced (unresectable) disease based on the degree of arterial and venous involvement by tumor, typically of the superior mesenteric vessels. For patients with resectable disease at presentation (10%-15%), surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil, irinotecan, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) represents a standard therapeutic approach with an anticipated median overall survival of 54.4 months, compared with 35 months for single-agent gemcitabine (stratified hazard ratio for death, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.48-0.86]; P = .003). Neoadjuvant systemic therapy with or without radiation followed by evaluation for surgery is an accepted treatment approach for resectable and borderline resectable disease. For patients with locally advanced and unresectable disease due to extensive vascular involvement, systemic therapy followed by radiation is an option for definitive locoregional disease control. For patients with advanced (locally advanced and metastatic) PDAC, multiagent chemotherapy regimens, including FOLFIRINOX, gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel, and nanoliposomal irinotecan/fluorouracil, all have a survival benefit of 2 to 6 months compared with a single-agent gemcitabine. For the 5% to 7% of patients with a BRCA pathogenic germline variant and metastatic PDAC, olaparib, a poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADB]-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, is a maintenance option that improves progression-free survival following initial platinum-based therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Approximately 60 000 new cases of PDAC are diagnosed per year, and approximately 50% of patients have advanced disease at diagnosis. The incidence of PDAC is increasing. Currently available cytotoxic therapies for advanced disease are modestly effective. For all patients, multidisciplinary management, comprehensive germline testing, and integrated supportive care are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wungki Park
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - Akhil Chawla
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine Regional Medical Group, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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31
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Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer is rising. Understanding trends of pancreatic cancer is crucial prior to putting policies and interventions in place. Countries with a high human development index (HDI) have a higher incidence, prevalence and mortality due to pancreatic cancer. This global trend is replicated in the Asia-Pacific countries with high HDI having higher incidence, prevalence and mortality due to pancreatic cancer. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is rising in the Asia-Pacific population as life expectancy increases with a rising HDI. Lack of good cancer registries has resulted in under reporting of pancreatic cancer in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The mortality still remains high as in the Western world as most pancreatic cancers are diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease due to non-availability of cost-effective screening tools with few patients receiving definitive care. Smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet and obesity are significant modifiable risk factors contributing to the development of pancreatic cancer. Population based screening for pancreatic cancer is not cost-effective. Identification of hereditary and genetic factors in the Asia-Pacific population can help in targeted screening of high-risk individuals. Policies and interventions aimed at primary prevention have the greatest potential to be cost-effective yet impactful and reduce the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Ranganath
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Quyen Chu
- Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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32
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Direct Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting by the Selective Alkylphospholipid Analog and Antitumor Ether Lipid Edelfosine as a Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4173. [PMID: 34439330 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), comprising 90–95% of all pancreatic cancers, is one of the deadliest human cancers, with a gloomy prognosis and ~6-month median survival in metastatic tumors. Even patients with resectable tumors show a poor survival rate after surgery. Thus, PDAC represents an unmet therapeutic challenge. The aim of this review was to put into context the conundrum of pancreatic cancer treatment and the advent of a novel therapeutic approach, examining: (a) anatomical factors, demographics, statistics, and therapeutic approaches, affecting tumor detection, treatment, and prognosis; (b) the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum as a major target for pancreatic cancer due to its high abundance and activity in pancreatic cells; (c) the identification of the alkylphospholipid analog edelfosine as a novel drug against pancreatic cancer, showing two outstanding features—selective uptake by tumor tissue, and direct accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to persistent endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent apoptosis. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, shows a dismal and grim overall prognosis and survival rate, which have remained virtually unchanged for over half a century. PDAC is the most lethal of all cancers, with the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. PDAC responds poorly to current therapies and remains an incurable malignancy. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed for pancreatic cancer treatment. Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an appealing approach in cancer therapy. Apoptotic cell death is highly regulated by different signaling routes that involve a variety of subcellular organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress acts as a double-edged sword at the interface of cell survival and death. Pancreatic cells exhibit high hormone and enzyme secretory functions, and thereby show a highly developed ER. Thus, pancreatic cancer cells display a prominent ER. Solid tumors have to cope with adverse situations in which hypoxia, lack of certain nutrients, and the action of certain antitumor agents lead to a complex interplay and crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy—the latter acting as an adaptive survival response. ER stress also mediates cell death induced by a number of anticancer drugs and experimental conditions, highlighting the pivotal role of ER stress in modulating cell fate. The alkylphospholipid analog prototype edelfosine is selectively taken up by tumor cells, accumulates in the ER of a number of human solid tumor cells—including pancreatic cancer cells—and promotes apoptosis through a persistent ER-stress-mediated mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we discuss and propose that direct ER targeting may be a promising approach in the therapy of pancreatic cancer, opening up a new avenue for the treatment of this currently incurable and deadly cancer. Furthermore, because autophagy acts as a cytoprotective response to ER stress, potentiation of the triggering of a persistent ER response by combination therapy, together with the use of autophagy blockers, could improve the current gloomy expectations for finding a cure for this type of cancer.
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Stasiewicz M, Kwaśniewski M, Karpiński TM. Microbial Associations with Pancreatic Cancer: A New Frontier in Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153784. [PMID: 34359685 PMCID: PMC8345173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to be characterized by high morbidity and mortality, owing to the fact, among others, that it is often diagnosed at late stages. Thus far, the search for reliable biomarkers has failed. A number of recent studies have found that there are differences in the microbiota between patients with PC and their healthy counterparts. These differences extend to specific anatomical locations such as the oral cavity, the gastrointestinal tract, and the pancreas itself. The purpose of this review is to outline some of the main differences in the bacterial and fungal populations between patients with PC and their healthy counterparts that have recently come to light. Additionally, the present review aims to highlight the mechanisms underlying the aforementioned microbial associations with PC. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a global health concern with high mortality and is expected to increase as a proportion of overall cancer cases in the coming years. Most patients are diagnosed at a late stage of disease progression, which contributes to the extremely low 5-year survival rates. Presently, screening for PC remains costly and time consuming, precluding the use of widespread testing. Biomarkers have been explored as an option by which to ameliorate this situation. The authors conducted a search of available literature on PubMed to present the current state of understanding as it pertains to the use of microbial biomarkers and their associations with PC. Carriage of certain bacteria in the oral cavity (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus sp.), gut (e.g., Helicobacter pylori, Synergistetes, Proteobacteria), and pancreas (e.g., Fusobacterium sp., Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae) has been associated with an increased risk of developing PC. Additionally, the fungal genus Malassezia has likewise been associated with PC development. This review further outlines potential oncogenic mechanisms involved in the microbial-associated development of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stasiewicz
- Research Group of Medical Microbiology, Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marek Kwaśniewski
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-854-61-38
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Hu JX, Zhao CF, Chen WB, Liu QC, Li QW, Lin YY, Gao F. Pancreatic cancer: A review of epidemiology, trend, and risk factors. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4298-4321. [PMID: 34366606 PMCID: PMC8316912 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i27.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in modern medical technology and significant improvements in survival rates of many cancers, pancreatic cancer is still a highly lethal gastrointestinal cancer with a low 5-year survival rate and difficulty in early detection. At present, the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer are increasing year by year worldwide, no matter in the United States, Europe, Japan, or China. Globally, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is projected to increase to 18.6 per 100000 in 2050, with the average annual growth of 1.1%, meaning that pancreatic cancer will pose a significant public health burden. Due to the special anatomical location of the pancreas, the development of pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed at a late stage with obvious clinical symptoms. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for pancreatic cancer is of great clinical significance for effective prevention of pancreatic cancer. In this paper, the epidemiological characteristics, developmental trends, and risk factors of pancreatic cancer are reviewed and analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiong Hu
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine in University of Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wen-Biao Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou 362011, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qi-Cai Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qu-Wen Li
- Department of Priority Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-Ya Lin
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Future burden has been modeled from population-based data for several common gastrointestinal diseases. However, as we enter the third decade in the 21st century, there are no such data on diseases of the pancreas holistically. The study aimed to estimate future incidence of pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, diabetes of the exocrine pancreas (DEP), and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction (EPD) as well as years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death in individuals with those diseases up to 2050. METHODS Historical New Zealand nationwide data on hospital discharge, pharmaceutical dispensing, cancer, and mortality were obtained. Annual incidence of each disease and annual YLLs due to premature death in individuals with each disease were calculated. A time series analysis using the stepwise autoregressive method was conducted. RESULTS Pancreatitis yielded the highest projected incidence (123.7 per 100,000; 95% confidence interval, 116.7-130.7) and YLL (14,709 years; 13,642-15,777) in 2050. The projected incidence and YLL of pancreatic cancer were 18.6 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval, 13.1-24.1) and 14,247 years (11,349-17,144) in 2050, respectively. Compared with pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, DEP and EPD yielded lower but more steeply increasing projected incidence rates and YLLs. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that the burden of pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, DEP, and EPD will rise in the next 3 decades unless healthcare systems introduce effective prevention or early treatment strategies for diseases of the pancreas and their sequelae.
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Xing C, Li Y, Ding C, Wang S, Zhang H, Chen L, Li P, Dai M. CD44+ Circulating Tumor Endothelial Cells Indicate Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Radical Surgery: A Pilot Study. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4417-4431. [PMID: 34103996 PMCID: PMC8179744 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s309115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs) are cells that originate from tumor endothelial cells (TECs) of blood vessels and are shed into peripheral blood. Some studies have shown that CTECs are associated with tumor angiogenesis, growth and indicate prognosis in patients with malignant solid tumor. However, the role of CTECs especially the phenotype of CTECs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still not clear. We investigated the relationship between CTECs and patients’ prognosis. Methods A total of 73 patients with resectable PDAC were enrolled in our research and underwent radical surgery. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected before surgery, on postoperative day (POD) 7 and on postoperative month (POM) 1, respectively. We used integrated subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) platform to identify and enumerate CTECs. Immunofluorescence was used to identify CTECs expressing CD44 and vimentin. Results In patients with early tumor recurrence (DFS< 6 months), the preoperative CD44+ CTEC levels showed significantly higher (P = 0.023). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that history of diabetes [HR 2.656 (1.194–5.908), P = 0.017], numbers of positive lymph nodes [HR 1.871 (1.388–2.522), P < 0.001], preoperative numbers of CD44+ CTECs [HR 1.216 (1.064–1.390), P = 0.004], and POM1 CA19-9 level [HR 1.002 (1.001–1.002), P < 0.001] were independent prognostic factors for DFS. Conclusion The detection of CD44+CTECs in patients with resectable PDAC preoperatively could be an independent predictor of shorter DFS after radical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yatong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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Kothari A, Flick MJ. Coagulation Signaling through PAR1 as a Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105138. [PMID: 34066284 PMCID: PMC8152032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly fatal disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10% following diagnosis. The aggressive and invasive properties of pancreatic cancer tumors coupled with poor diagnostic options contribute to the high mortality rate since most patients present with late-stage disease. Accordingly, PDAC is linked to the highest rate of cancer-associated venous thromboembolic disease of all solid tumor malignancies. However, in addition to promoting clot formation, recent studies suggest that the coagulation system in PDAC mediates a reciprocal relationship, whereby coagulation proteases and receptors promote PDAC tumor progression and dissemination. Here, upregulation of tissue factor (TF) by tumor cells can drive local generation of the central coagulation protease thrombin that promotes cell signaling activity through protease-activated receptors (PARs) expressed by both tumor cells and multiple stromal cell subsets. Moreover, the TF-thrombin-PAR1 signaling axis appears to be a major mechanism of cancer progression in general and PDAC in particular. Here, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of PAR1 in PDAC and review possibilities for pharmacologically targeting PAR1 as a PDAC therapeutic approach.
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Khalaf N, El-Serag HB, Abrams HR, Thrift AP. Burden of Pancreatic Cancer: From Epidemiology to Practice. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:876-884. [PMID: 32147593 PMCID: PMC8559554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with 432,242 related deaths in 2018. Unlike other cancers, the incidence of pancreatic cancer continues to increase, with little improvement in survival rates. We review the epidemiologic features of pancreatic cancer, covering surveillance and early detection in high-risk persons. We summarize data on worldwide incidence and mortality and analyze the 1975-2016 data from 9 registries of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results study, on the overall burden of pancreatic cancer as well as age-, sex-, and race-specific incidence, survival rates and trends. It is important to increase our knowledge of the worldwide and regional epidemiologic features of and risk factors for pancreatic cancer, to identify new approaches for prevention, surveillance, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Khalaf
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Hashem B. El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah R. Abrams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron P. Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Goodarzi E, Dehkordi AH, Beiranvand R, Naemi H, Khazaei Z. Epidemiology of the Incidence and Mortality of Pancreas Cancer and its Relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI) in the World: An Ecological Study in 2018. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5163-5173. [PMID: 32660397 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200713170047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries and a lethal malignant neoplasm worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality and its relationship with HDI. METHODS This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that is based on cancer incidence data and cancer mortality rates derived from the GLOBOCAN in 2018. The incidence and mortality rates of Pancreas as well as Pancreas cancer distribution maps were derived for world countries. The data analysis was conducted using a correlation test, and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation of the incidence and mortality of Pancreas with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14, and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. RESULTS The highest incidence of pancreatic cancer was reported in Asia with 214499 (46.7%) cases and the lowest incidence was related to Oceania with 4529 cases (0.99%). The results showed a positive and significant correlation between incidence (r = 0.764, P <0.0001) and mortality (r = 0.771, P <0.0001) of pancreatic cancer and the HDI index. The results of ANOVA revealed that the highest mean incidence was related to the very high HDI (P <0.0001) and the highest mortality was connected to the very high human development (P <0.0001). The results exhibited that incidence was positively and significantly correlated with GNI (r = 0.497, P <0.0001), MYS (r = 0.746, P <0.0001), LEB (r = 0.676, <0.0001) and EYS (r = 0.738, P <0.0001). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between mortality and GNI (r = 0.507, P <0.0001), MYS (r = 0.745, P <0.0001), LEB (r = 0.679, <0.0001), and EYS (r = 0.748, P <0.0001). CONCLUSION Given the higher incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in countries with HDI, it is necessary to pay a greater attention to risk factors and appropriate planning to reduce these factors and minimize the impact and mortality rate of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Goodarzi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanpour Dehkordi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Beiranvand
- School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Hasan Naemi
- Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Zaher Khazaei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Ushio J, Kanno A, Ikeda E, Ando K, Nagai H, Miwata T, Kawasaki Y, Tada Y, Yokoyama K, Numao N, Tamada K, Lefor AK, Yamamoto H. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:562. [PMID: 33804776 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of new cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is increasing with a cumulative total of 495,773 cases worldwide, making it the fourteenth most common malignancy. However, it accounts for 466,003 deaths per year and is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths. Regional differences in the number of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma appear to reflect differences in medical care, as well as racial differences. Compared to the prevalence of other organ cancers in Japan, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ranks seventh based on the number of patients, eighth based on morbidity, and fourth based on the number of deaths, with a continuing increase in the mortality rate. Risk factors for developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma include family history, genetic disorders, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. An issue that hinders improvement in the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the development of a strategy to identify patients with these risk factors to facilitate detection of the disease at a stage when intervention will improve survival.
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Adams SH. Historical analysis of inverse correlation between soil-transmitted helminthiasis and pancreatic cancer. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2021; 34:250-259. [DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1836712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H. Adams
- College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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Kane LE, Mellotte GS, Conlon KC, Ryan BM, Maher SG. Multi-Omic Biomarkers as Potential Tools for the Characterisation of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions and Cancer: Innovative Patient Data Integration. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:769. [PMID: 33673153 PMCID: PMC7918773 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is regarded as one of the most lethal malignant diseases in the world, with GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates indicating that PC was responsible for almost half a million deaths worldwide in 2020. Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are fluid-filled structures found within or on the surface of the pancreas, which can either be pre-malignant or have no malignant potential. While some PCLs are found in symptomatic patients, nowadays many PCLs are found incidentally in patients undergoing cross-sectional imaging for other reasons-so called 'incidentalomas'. Current methods of characterising PCLs are imperfect and vary hugely between institutions and countries. As such, there is a profound need for improved diagnostic algorithms. This could facilitate more accurate risk stratification of those PCLs that have malignant potential and reduce unnecessary surveillance. As PC continues to have such a poor prognosis, earlier recognition and risk stratification of PCLs may lead to better treatment protocols. This review will focus on the importance of biomarkers in the context of PCLs and PCand outline how current 'omics'-related work could contribute to the identification of a novel integrated biomarker profile for the risk stratification of patients with PCLs and PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Kane
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland;
| | - Gregory S. Mellotte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR0A, Ireland; (G.S.M.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Kevin C. Conlon
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland;
| | - Barbara M. Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR0A, Ireland; (G.S.M.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Stephen G. Maher
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland;
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Huang J, Chan PSF, Lok V, Chen X, Ding H, Jin Y, Yuan J, Lao XQ, Zheng ZJ, Wong MCS. Global incidence and mortality of breast cancer: a trend analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5748-5803. [PMID: 33592581 PMCID: PMC7950292 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the global incidence and mortality trends of breast cancer among females by region and age in the past decade. We retrieved country-specific incidence and mortality data from the Global Cancer Observatory up to 2018 and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents volumes I-XI, the Nordic Cancer Registries, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, and WHO mortality database up to 2016. The temporal patterns were using Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) by joinpoint regression analysis. Most countries showed an increasing trend in incidence. For the older population aged ≥ 50 years, Japan (5.63, 4.90-6.36), Slovakia (3.63, 3.03-4.22), China (2.86, 2.00-3.72) reported the most prominent increase. For young females (<50 years), Japan (AAPC=3.81, 95% CI=2.71-4.93), Germany (AAPC=2.60, 95% CI=1.41-3.81) and Slovakia (1.91, 1.13-2.69) reported the most drastic rise. Similarly, 12 countries showed an incidence increase among women aged <40 years. As for mortality, the Philippines (4.36, 3.65-5.07), Thailand (4.35, 3.12-5.59), Colombia (0.75, 0.08-1.42), and Brazil (0.44, 0.19-0.68) reported a significant increase. The disease burden of breast cancer showed an increasing trend in a large number of populations. More preventive efforts are recommended for these countries. Further research should explore the underlying reasons for these epidemiological trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul SF Chan
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Veeleah Lok
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hanyue Ding
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yinzi Jin
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-qian Lao
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Martin CS Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Alghamdi IG, Almadi M, Alsohaibani F, Mosli M, De Vol EB, Abaalkhail F, AlSaif FA, Al-Hamoudi WK, Al-Sanea N, Hassanain M, Alqahtani SA. Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosed in Saudi Arabia Between 2004 and 2015. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2021; 14:45-57. [PMID: 33603433 PMCID: PMC7882803 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s289269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Over the last decades, the incidence of pancreatic cancer has increased, particularly in countries with a higher socioeconomic status. The present work aimed to provide detailed epidemiological data on the incidence of pancreatic cancer in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods In this retrospective descriptive study, the epidemiological data on pancreatic cancer cases diagnosed in 13 administrative regions of Saudi Arabia between January 2004 and December 2015 were extracted from the Saudi Cancer Registry. The frequency, the crude incidence rate (CIR), and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), stratified by geographical region, gender, and the year of diagnosis, were analyzed. Results From January 2004 to December 2015, a total of 2338 cases of pancreatic cancer were registered, including 1443 males and 895 females. The overall CIR was 1.28/100,000 among males and 0.80/100,000 in females, with an overall ASIR of 2.26 and 1.41/100,000 for males and females, respectively. Higher ASIR and CIR were observed among males than females (ratio 1.6). In both genders, the ASIR of pancreatic cancer increased with increasing age, with the highest incidence in patients aged 70 years or more. The ASIR in the Eastern Region (3.2/100,000) and the regions of Riyadh (3.0/100,000) and Tabuk (2.6/100,000) proved to be significantly higher than in the other regions of the country. Among women, the ASIR was significantly higher in Riyadh (2.3/100,000), the northern region (2.2/100,000), and Tabuk (2.0/100,000). Conclusion This study revealed a slight increase of the CIR and ASIR of pancreatic cancer among males and females of the Saudi population. Eastern region, Riyadh, and Tabuk had the highest overall ASIRs of pancreatic cancer among males, Riyadh, Northern region, and Tabuk among Saudi females. The area least affected by pancreatic cancer was observed in Jazan among male and female Saudis. The rates of pancreatic cancer in Saudi Arabia were significantly higher among males compared with female Saudis. Further analytical studies are needed to identify the potential risk factors for pancreatic cancer among the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim G Alghamdi
- Public Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Al-Baha, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Almadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fahad Alsohaibani
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Mosli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward B De Vol
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Abaalkhail
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A AlSaif
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed K Al-Hamoudi
- Liver Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Al-Sanea
- Health Affairs, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Hassanain
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Huang J, Lok V, Ngai CH, Zhang L, Yuan J, Lao XQ, Ng K, Chong C, Zheng ZJ, Wong MCS. Worldwide Burden of, Risk Factors for, and Trends in Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:744-754. [PMID: 33058868 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We evaluated global and regional burdens of, risk factors for, and epidemiologic trends in pancreatic cancer among groups of different sexes and ages. METHODS We used data from the GLOBOCAN database to estimate pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in 184 countries. We examined the association between lifestyle and metabolic risk factors, extracted from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory database, and pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality by univariable and multivariable linear regression. We retrieved country-specific age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence and mortalities from cancer registries from 48 countries through 2017 for trend analysis by joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS The highest incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer were in regions with very high (ASRs, 7.7 and 4.9) and high human development indexes (ASRs, 6.9 and 4.6) in 2018. Countries with higher incidence and mortality were more likely to have higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, and high cholesterol. From 2008 to 2017, 2007 to 2016, or 2003 to 2012, depending on the availability of the data, there were increases in incidence among men and women in 14 (average annual percent changes [AAPCs], 8.85 to 0.41) and 17 (AAPCs, 6.04 to 0.87) countries, respectively. For mortality, the increase was observed in 8 (AAPCs, 4.20 to 0.55) countries among men and 14 (AAPCs, 5.83 to 0.78) countries among women. Although the incidence increased in 18 countries (AAPCs, 7.83 to 0.91) among individuals 50 years or older, an increasing trend in pancreatic cancer was also identified among individuals younger than 50 years and 40 years in 8 (AAPCs, 8.75 to 2.82) and 4 (AAPCs, 11.07 to 8.31) countries, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of data from 48 countries, we found increasing incidence and mortality trends in pancreatic cancer, especially among women and populations 50 years or older, but also among younger individuals. More preventive efforts are recommended for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Veeleah Lok
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Ho Ngai
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Centre, Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelvin Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Charing Chong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Martin C S Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Beato F, Reverón D, Dezsi KB, Ortiz A, Johnson JO, Chen DT, Ali K, Yoder SJ, Jeong D, Malafa M, Hodul P, Jiang K, Centeno BA, Abdalah MA, Balasi JA, Tassielli AF, Sarcar B, Teer JK, DeNicola GM, Permuth JB, Fleming JB. Establishing a living biobank of patient-derived organoids of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. J Transl Med 2021; 101:204-217. [PMID: 33037322 PMCID: PMC7855435 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. There is an unmet need to develop strategies to detect PaCa at an early, operable stage and prevent its progression. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are cystic PaCa precursors that comprise nearly 50% of pancreatic cysts detected incidentally via cross-sectional imaging. Since IPMNs can progress from low- and moderate-grade dysplasia to high-grade dysplasia and invasion, the study of these lesions offers a prime opportunity to develop early detection and prevention strategies. Organoids are an ideal preclinical platform to study IPMNs, and the objective of the current investigation was to establish a living biobank of patient-derived organoids (PDO) from IPMNs. IPMN tumors and adjacent normal pancreatic tissues were successfully harvested from 15 patients with IPMNs undergoing pancreatic surgical resection at Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute (Tampa, FL) between May of 2017 and March of 2019. Organoid cultures were also generated from cryopreserved tissues. Organoid count and size were determined over time by both Image-Pro Premier 3D Version 9.1 digital platform and Matlab application of a Circular Hough Transform algorithm, and histologic and genomic characterization of a subset of the organoids was performed using immunohistochemistry and targeted sequencing, respectively. The success rates for organoid generation from IPMN tumor and adjacent normal pancreatic tissues were 81% and 87%, respectively. IPMN organoids derived from different epithelial subtypes showed different morphologies in vitro, and organoids recapitulated histologic and genomic characteristics of the parental IPMN tumor. In summary, this preclinical model has the potential to provide new opportunities to unveil mechanisms of IPMN progression to invasion and to shed insight into novel biomarkers for early detection and targets for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Beato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Kaleena B Dezsi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Ortiz
- Analytical Microscopy Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph O Johnson
- Analytical Microscopy Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Karla Ali
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sean J Yoder
- Molecular Genomics Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Jeong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pamela Hodul
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Barbara A Centeno
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Abdalah
- Imaging Response Assessment Team Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jodi A Balasi
- Tissue Core Histology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra F Tassielli
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bhaswati Sarcar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jamie K Teer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Minaga K, Kitano M, Nakai A, Omoto S, Kamata K, Yamao K, Takenaka M, Tsurusaki M, Chikugo T, Matsumoto I, Chiba Y, Watanabe T, Kudo M. Improved detection of liver metastasis using Kupffer-phase imaging in contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS in patients with pancreatic cancer (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 93:433-41. [PMID: 32592778 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kupffer-phase imaging visualized by perfluorobutane (Sonazoid) distribution into normal liver tissues upon phagocytosis by Kupffer cells potentially aids in improving detection of liver metastasis compared with fundamental B-mode EUS (FB-EUS). However, the diagnostic performance of Kupffer-phase imaging in contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CH-EUS) remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of CH-EUS-based Kupffer-phase imaging for diagnosing liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) and FB-EUS, followed by CH-EUS, from 2011 to 2017. The diagnostic ability of CH-EUS against that of CE-CT and FB-EUS for metastasis in the left liver lobe was compared. Subsequently, the influences of CH-EUS on the determination of clinical stage and patient management for pancreatic cancer were assessed. RESULTS We enrolled 426 patients with pancreatic cancer. Metastasis in the left liver lobe was present in 27.2% of patients. The diagnostic accuracy of CE-CT, FB-EUS, and CH-EUS was 90.6%, 93.4%, and 98.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of CH-EUS for metastasis in the left liver lobe were significantly higher than those of FB-EUS or CE-CT. The sensitivity of CH-EUS for detecting small liver metastasis (<10 mm) was considerably higher than that of CE-CT or FB-EUS (P < .001). In 2.1% of patients, only CH-EUS could detect a single distant metastasis of the left liver lobe, thereby upgrading the tumor staging and altering the clinical management. CONCLUSIONS CH-EUS-based Kupffer-phase imaging increased the detectability of metastasis in the left liver lobe. This technique could be a reliable pretreatment imaging modality for clinical decision-making in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Barcellini A, Peloso A, Pugliese L, Vitolo V, Cobianchi L. Locally Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Challenges and Progress. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12705-12720. [PMID: 33335406 PMCID: PMC7737010 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s220971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the major causes of death in the Western world, and it is estimated to become the second leading cause of tumour-related mortality in the next 10 years. Among pancreatic cancers, ductal adenocarcinomas are by far the most common, characterised by a challenging diagnosis due to the lack of initial and pathognomonic clinical signs. In this scenario, non-metastatic locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) accounts for a large proportion of all new pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnoses. There is no consensus on a common definition of LAPC. Still, it usually includes tumours that are not resectable due to vascular involvement. As of today, treatment is limited, and the prognosis is very unfavourable. Curative-intent surgery remains the gold-standard even if often jeopardized by vascular involvement. Continuing progress in our understanding of LAPC genetics and immunology will permit the development of different treatments, targeted or combined, including radiation therapy, hadrontherapy, targeted immunotherapies or new chemotherapies. A multidisciplinary approach combining various fields of expertise is essential in aiming to limit disease progression as well as patient outcome. Using a narrative literature review approach, the manuscript explores the most up-to-date knowledge concerning locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Barcellini
- National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (Fondazione CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Divisions of Transplantation and Visceral Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Pugliese
- General Surgery, Foundation IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - Viviana Vitolo
- National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (Fondazione CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cobianchi
- General Surgery, Foundation IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Foundation IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Sheikh M, Masoudi S, Bakhshandeh R, Moayyedkazemi A, Zamani F, Nikfam S, Mansouri M, Shishavan NG, Nikeghbalian S, Brennan P, Malekzadeh R, Pourshams A. Survival features, prognostic factors, and determinants of diagnosis and treatment among Iranian patients with pancreatic cancer, a prospective study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243511. [PMID: 33275621 PMCID: PMC7717574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigating the survival features, and determinants of treatment and stage at presentation in Iran. METHODS 461 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PC) were prospectively enrolled from Shariati hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 2011-2018. All patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography scanning, and physical examination. Validated questionnaire was completed for the participants and all were actively followed on monthly basis. RESULTS Median survival time was 6.5 months, and 1-, and 5-year survival rates were 26.2%, and 1.5%. Patients who were older (p<0.001), illiterate (p = 0.004), unmarried (p = 0.003), rural inhabitant (p = 0.013), opium user (p = 0.039), and had lower body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.002) had lower overall survival. Tumors located in the head of pancreas were more commonly diagnosed at lower stages (p<0.001). Only 10.4% of patients underwent surgery who were more commonly educated (p<0.001), married (p = 0.005), had a tumor located in the head of pancreas (p = 0.016), and were diagnosed at lower stages (p<0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders and risk factors, rural inhabitance (HR: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.01-1.74)), having more symptoms (HR for each increasing symptom: 1.06 (1.02-1.11)), using opium (HR: 1.51 (1.04-2.20)), having a tumor located in the body of pancreas (HR: 1.33 (1.02-1.75)), and having an advanced tumor stage (HR: 2.07 (1.34-3.19)) remained significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. After the adjusting for potential confounders, we did not find significant relationships between smoking, alcohol intake, and BMI with the risk of death among patients with pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS Iranian patients with PC have very poor long-term survival. Besides tumor's stage and location, socioeconomic disparities could affect the probabilities of receiving treatment and/or survival in these patients. Opium use is an independent risk factor for mortality among PC patients in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sheikh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Sahar Masoudi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Bakhshandeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moayyedkazemi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Nikfam
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Mansouri
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Ghamarzad Shishavan
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Nikeghbalian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Sadeghlar F, Vogt A, Mohr RU, Mahn R, van Beekum K, Kornek M, Weismüller TJ, Branchi V, Matthaei H, Toma M, Schmidt-Wolf IGH, Kalff JC, Strassburg CP, González-Carmona MA. Induction of cytotoxic effector cells towards cholangiocellular, pancreatic, and colorectal tumor cells by activation of the immune checkpoint CD40/CD40L on dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1451-64. [PMID: 33180184 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, such as cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, and metastatic colorectal carcinoma, have a poor prognosis and effective therapeutic approaches are still challenging. Checkpoint inhibition with PD-1 or PDL-1 antibodies revealed promising results in different tumor entities; however, only few patients with GI tumors can potentially benefit from PD1/PDL1 inhibiting immunotherapy. Further immunotherapeutic strategies for GI malignancies are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that in vitro activation of the immune checkpoint CD40/CD40L can improve DC action towards bile duct, pancreas, and colorectal carcinoma. Methods Human DC were isolated from buffy coats from healthy donors, pulsed with tumor lysates and then transduced with adenoviruses encoding human CD40L (Ad-hCD40L). Using transwell assays, the effects of (m)CD40L on DC immunoactivation compared to (s)CD40L were analyzed. Surface marker and cytokine/chemokine expression were measured by flow cytometry, ELISA and cytokine arrays. Capacity of Ad-hCD40L-transduced DC to induce tumor-specific effector cells was tested using MTT proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assays. Apoptosis induction on tumor cells after culturing with supernatants of Ad-hCD40L-transduced DC was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Ad-hCD40L transduction induced a high expression of (s)CD40L and (m)CD40L on DC and seemed to induce a strong cellular CD40/CD40L interaction among DC, leading to the formation of cell aggregates. Due to the CD40/CD40L interaction, a significant upregulation of DC maturation markers and a Th1-shift on cytokines/chemokines in the supernatant of DC were achieved. Interestingly, a pure Th1-shift was only achieved, when a cellular CD40/CD40L interaction among DC took place. (s)CD40L induced almost no upregulation of maturation markers and rather resulted in a Th2-cytokine expression, such as IL-10. Correspondingly, (m)CD40L-expressing DC led to significant proliferation and stimulation of tumor-specific effector cells with increased cytotoxicity towards pancreatic, bile duct and colorectal tumor cells. Supernatants of Ad-hCD40L-transduced DC could also induce apoptosis in the different tumor cells in vitro. Conclusion Stimulation of the immune checkpoint CD40L/CD40 by endogenous expression of (m)CD40L provokes a cellular interaction, which increases the immunomodulatory capacity of DC. A Th1 cytokine/chemokine expression is induced, leading to a significant proliferation and enabling cytotoxicity of effector cells towards human bile duct, pancreatic and colorectal tumor cells. The present data point to the promising approach for DC-based immunotherapy of gastrointestinal malignances by activating the CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00262-020-02746-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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