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Chaufan C. Is Covid-19 "vaccine uptake" in postsecondary education a "problem"? A critical policy inquiry. Health (London) 2023:13634593231204169. [PMID: 37968946 DOI: 10.1177/13634593231204169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the launch of the Covid-19 global vaccination campaign, postsecondary institutions have strongly promoted vaccination, often through mandates, and the academic literature has identified "vaccine uptake" among postsecondary students as a problem deserving monitoring, research, and intervention. However, with the admission that vaccines do not stop viral spread, that older-age and co-morbidities are major determinants of poor outcomes, and that many vaccine side effects disproportionately affect the young, it cannot be assumed that a risk-benefit analysis favors vaccinating postsecondary students. Drawing from critical policy studies, I appraise the literature on Covid-19 vaccine uptake in postsecondary education. I find that this literature reflects the "scientific consensus," hardly acknowledging contradictory medical evidence, ignoring coercive elements underlying "vaccine acceptance," and neglecting ethical tensions built into the very design of vaccination policies. I discuss potential explanations for my findings, and their implications for academia's role in society in the COVID-19 era and beyond.
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Theron LC, Cockcroft K, Annalakshmi N, Rodgers JG, Akinduyo TE, Fouché A. Emerging Adult Resilience to the Early Stages of the COVID-Pandemic: A Systematic Scoping Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01585-y. [PMID: 37698747 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Human resilience to COVID-19 related stressors remains a pressing concern following the aftereffects of the pandemic and in the face of probable future pandemics. In response, we systematically scoped the available literature (n = 2030 records) to determine the nature and extent of research on emerging adults' adaptive responses to COVID-19 stressors in the early stages of the pandemic. Using a multisystem resilience framework, our narrative review of 48 eligible studies unpacks the personal, relational, institutional and/or physical ecological resources that enabled positive emerging adult outcomes to COVID-18 stressors. We found that there is a geographical bias in studies on this topic, with majority world contexts poorly represented. Resources leading to positive outcomes foregrounded psychological and social support, while institutional and ecological supports were seldom mentioned. Multisystemic combinations of resources were rarely considered. This knowledge has valuable implications for understanding resilience in the context of other large-scale adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Theron
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Groenkloof Campus, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - K Cockcroft
- Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Annalakshmi
- Psychology Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - J G Rodgers
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - T E Akinduyo
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Fouché
- Department of Social Wellbeing, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Mthembu TG, Harrison S, Botha K, Britz J, Katts B, Millar M, Sulliman Z, Zitha V. Influences of COVID-19 vaccination policy on students' vaccine acceptance. Health SA 2023; 28:2265. [PMID: 37670744 PMCID: PMC10476499 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v28i0.2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Higher education institutions (HEIs) developed and implemented a mandatory COVID-19 vaccination policy to facilitate vaccine acceptance and vaccination among universities' staff and students. However, little is known about influences of the mandatory vaccination policy on health science students at a university and they tend to result in vaccine hesitancy. Aim To explore the influences of the mandatory COVID-19 vaccine policy on health sciences students' vaccine acceptance at HEIs in South Africa. Setting The study was conducted in one of the universities in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Methods An interpretive qualitative exploratory-descriptive research was conducted with 10 participants who were selected using the purposive sampling method to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results Two themes and 12 sub-themes were identified during the data analysis, namely individual and group influencing factors, as well as contextual influencing factors. Conclusion This study revealed that the COVID-19 vaccination mandatory policy influenced the students' quality of life, academic performance and well-being. The findings from this study indicate that there were perceived barriers related to personal and contextual influencing factors than benefits of COVID-19 vaccination. Contribution The understanding of and insight into the influences of the mandatory vaccination policy provided a basis for further strategies that may be developed to address COVID-19 vaccine infodemic, vaccine hesitancy and its risk effects. This can be done through collaboration with different stakeholders to educate health science students about the perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuli G Mthembu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Samantha Harrison
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Kauthar Botha
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Jessica Britz
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Brittney Katts
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Michaela Millar
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Zia Sulliman
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Vutlhari Zitha
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Buckner-Capone A, Dougan M. Mandating COVID-19 Vaccination on Campus: A Qualitative Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Study of California College Students. Health Promot Pract 2023:15248399231192997. [PMID: 37615063 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231192997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine college student perceptions related to institutional vaccine mandates. We utilized qualitative data (n = 2,212) from five open-ended questions in a cross-sectional study of students enrolled or intending to enroll in an institute of higher education in California in fall 2021. Data were collected between June and August 2021. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze student beliefs, and four themes were developed from the data: (1) Polarizing views and language; (2) deciding who to trust; (3) conveying rights and risk; and (4) staying focused on education. The themes represented vaccinated and nonvaccinated student perspectives, capturing views about trust, rights, and risk. Many responses were polarizing and included language that was emotional and political. Despite the range of responses, most students expressed appreciation and approval of the vaccination mandate on college campuses. Findings illustrate the important contributions of qualitative research and suggest opportunities for public health practitioners to lead and engage in critical dialogue about science and public health practices as we aim to promote public perceptions of vaccination programs and health promotion practice.
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Choi J, Ryu JG. COVID-19 vaccination intention among nursing, medical, and dental students: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2253600. [PMID: 37732552 PMCID: PMC10515672 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2253600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine amidst the pandemic has heralded a paradigm shift. Healthcare students in nursing, medicine, and dentistry must have positive attitudes owing to their future role in vaccine recommendations to the public and patients. This meta-regression analysis assessed the differences in COVID-19 vaccination intention (VI) of nursing, medical, and dental students. Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Korean MBASE were searched for eligible studies. Quality was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute's quality appraisal. Forty-one studies were included in the final analysis, and the estimation of pooled prevalence (68%) and relevant factors were assessed. Dental students were found to have the lowest VI (57%), which significantly (p = .018) differed from that of nursing students (64%). Countries in South-East Asia and those with high income levels were found to have high VI. Therefore, global vaccine programs for healthcare students should be prepared considering their geographical and economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongrim Choi
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geum Ryu
- College of Nursing, Chodang University, Muan, Republic of Korea
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Kollath-Cattano C, Hatteberg SJ, Petillo S, Giancaterini M. Correlates of and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine initiation and intention among US college students. J Am Coll Health 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37437183 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2222843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine correlates of and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine initiation and intention among college students. PARTICIPANTS 1,171 students attending a public university in the South. METHODS Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the correlates of vaccine intention and initiation. Reasons for pursuing or foregoing vaccination were analyzed qualitatively using an inductive approach. RESULTS Among respondents, 44% had initiated vaccination, 38% intended to be vaccinated, and 18% were unsure about/unwilling to be vaccinated. Vaccine initiation and intention were both associated with 2019-2020 seasonal flu vaccination and political ideology, with conservative-leaning students having lower odds of vaccine initiation and of intention relative to liberal-leaning students. The most common reasons for vaccine initiation/intention and for vaccine hesitancy differed in frequency by political ideology. CONCLUSION The most effective vaccine promotion strategies may be those tailored to different social groups, virus-related beliefs/perceptions, and the specific concerns of vaccine hesitant students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Kollath-Cattano
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah J Hatteberg
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha Petillo
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Morgan Giancaterini
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Limbu YB, Gautam RK. The determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention: a meta-review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1162861. [PMID: 37377544 PMCID: PMC10291626 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1162861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of systematic reviews have been published that synthesized various determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention (CVI). However, they reported inconsistent evidence. Therefore, we conducted a meta-review (systematic review of systematic reviews) to provide a comprehensive synthesis of factors influencing CVI. Methods This meta-review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched for systematic reviews published from 2020 to 2022 that examined the determinants of CVI. AMSTAR-2 critical appraisal tool was used to ensure the quality of included reviews, and ROBIS tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Results Globally, the average rate of COVID-19 vaccination intention was 56.97%. We identified 21 main determinants of CVI: socio-demographic, geographical location, social, political, government role, study timeline, attitude, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control, norms, trust, conspiracy theory/propaganda/misinformation, knowledge, information and communication, vaccination recommendation, vaccination history, history of COVID-19 infection, and health status and well-being. Conclusions These results suggest that COVID-19 vaccination intention is a complex process and is affected by numerous multidimensional factors. Therefore, integrated communication strategies and multifaceted interventions may be effective for improving vaccination intention against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam B. Limbu
- Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States
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Cesareo M, Tagliabue M, Lopes ME, Moderato P. Framing Effects on Willingness and Perceptions towards COVID-19 Vaccination among University Students in Italy: An Exploratory Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1079. [PMID: 37376468 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a diffused psychological phenomenon that has been increasingly addressed in several studies since the COVID-19 pandemic. Communication campaigns play a pivotal role influencing recipients' perceptions and may affect the likelihood to vaccinate or to show hesitancy. In the context of communicating risks during the COVID-19 pandemic, we hypothesized that highlighting different aspects of data on the effectiveness of vaccines would influence people's willingness and attitudes to vaccinate. In this exploratory study, we administered two versions of a survey to a convenience sample of students from three universities in Italy. In the first version, salience was placed on the effectiveness of the vaccine in terms of reducing the probability of infection. In the second version, salience was placed on the effectiveness of the vaccine in terms of reducing the probability of hospitalization after being infected by COVID-19. The results confirmed our hypothesis: participants reported that they were more willing to become vaccinated when exposed to the hospitalization frame (main dimension). Conversely, we found mixed effects of the frame on the following sub-dimensions: reliability, trust, protection, safety, and confidence. Taken together, we show that it is possible to influence, to some extent, university students' attitudes and perceptions toward COVID-19 vaccination by acting on how information is framed. We discuss the implications of these findings for the development of behaviorally informed policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cesareo
- Istituto Europeo per lo Studio del Comportamento Umano (IESCUM), Piazzale Ravenet 5, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Tagliabue
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Magdalena Edyta Lopes
- Istituto Europeo per lo Studio del Comportamento Umano (IESCUM), Piazzale Ravenet 5, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Moderato
- Istituto Europeo per lo Studio del Comportamento Umano (IESCUM), Piazzale Ravenet 5, 43100 Parma, Italy
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour, IULM University, Via Carlo Bo 1, 20143 Milano, Italy
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McCready JL, Nichol B, Steen M, Unsworth J, Comparcini D, Tomietto M. Understanding the barriers and facilitators of vaccine hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers and healthcare students worldwide: An Umbrella Review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280439. [PMID: 37043505 PMCID: PMC10096263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) and healthcare students display high levels of vaccine hesitancy with impact on healthcare provision, patient safety, and health promotion. The factors related to vaccine hesitancy have been reported in several systematic reviews. However, this evidence needs to be synthesised, as interventions to reduce vaccination hesitancy in this population are needed. METHODS This Umbrella Review aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of vaccine hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine for HCWs and healthcare students. The review was performed and reported in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institutes guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42022327354). Eight databases were searched from November 2019 to 23rd May 2022 to identify any systematic reviews that explored factors associated with hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine for HCWs or healthcare students. RESULTS A total of 31 studies were included in the review. The majority of studies (71%) were appraised as strong or moderate quality and there was a slight degree of overlap (<5%) of primary studies between the reviews. Vaccine hesitancy was more common among HCWs and healthcare students in specific occupational roles (e.g. nurses) than others (e.g. physicians). Frequent reasons for hesitancy were related to sociodemographic factors (gender, age, ethnicity), occupational factors (COVID-19 exposure, perceived risk, mandatory vaccination), health factors (vaccination history), vaccine-related factors (concerns about safety, efficacy, side-effects, rapid development, testing, approval and distribution of the vaccine), social factors (social pressure, altruism and collective responsibility), distrust factors (key social actors, pandemic management), information factors (inadequate information and sources, exposure to misinformation). CONCLUSION The results from this Umbrella Review have wide-reaching implications for the research area, healthcare systems and institutions and governments worldwide. Designing tailored strategies for specific occupational groups is pivotal to increasing vaccine uptake and securing a safe healthcare provision worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Louise McCready
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Nichol
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Steen
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Unsworth
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marco Tomietto
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Trümmler J, Heumann E, Helmer SM, Busse H, Stock C, Negash S, Pischke CR. Determinants of vaccination behavior among university students 20 months after the COVID-19 outbreak: Results of the COVID-19 German Student Well-being Study (C19 GSWS). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2141497. [PMID: 36509741 PMCID: PMC9766462 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2141497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates a higher COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among university students due to their age and a lower risk of COVID-19 related complications compared to the general population in Germany. However, little is known about the other determinants of COVID-19 vaccination behavior for the population of German university students. This study aimed to investigate determinants of vaccination behavior in this population. The cross-sectional COVID-19 German Student Well-being Study was conducted at five German universities from October 27th to November 14th, 2021, via an online survey (n=7,267). Multiple logistic regressions were calculated to examine associations of psychological antecedents of vaccination (5Cs: confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, collective responsibility), Critical Health Literacy in a Pandemic (CHL-P), and additional determinants (previous infection, trust in the health care system, feeling informed about the COVID-19 vaccine) and vaccination status (not vaccinated vs. fully vaccinated). All 5Cs were associated with reporting to be vaccinated, except for complacency. Regarding the CHL-P, students who felt that the current scientific knowledge about COVID-19 in terms of the policy decisions on pandemic measures was very complex had higher odds for reporting being vaccinated (OR=3.02; 95% CI: 2.26-4.04). Students who felt well informed about the COVID-19 vaccines were also more likely to report being fully vaccinated (OR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.51-3.21). Due to our finding that the 5Cs are associated with vaccination status among university students, we recommend that the different components of the 5Cs should be considered in future vaccination campaigns implemented in the university context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Trümmler
- Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sociology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Eileen Heumann
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Stefanie M Helmer
- Faculty 11 Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Heide Busse
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christiane Stock
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.,Unit of Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Sarah Negash
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia R Pischke
- Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sociology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Wang S, Maitland E, Wang T, Nicholas S, Leng A. Student COVID-19 vaccination preferences in China: A discrete choice experiment. Front Public Health 2022; 10:997900. [PMID: 36339136 PMCID: PMC9626954 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.997900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) questionnaire to investigate student vaccination preferences for both intrinsic and extrinsic attributes. Methods A two-part DCE questionnaire was distributed to 1,138 students through face-to-face interviews at vaccination centers in Qingdao, China. Conditional logit models were used to understand student preference trade-offs. Mixed logit models (MLM) and sub-group analysis were conducted to understanding student preference heterogeneity. Results We found that students preferred vaccines with fewer side effects (β = 0.845; 95% CI, 0.779-0.911), administered through third level health facilities (β = 0.170; 95% CI, 0.110-0.230), and had at least 1 year duration of protection (β = 0.396; 95% CI, 0.332-0.461. Higher perception of COVID-19 risks (β = 0.492; 95% CI, 0.432-0.552) increased the likelihood of student vaccination uptake. Surprisingly, vaccine effectiveness (60%) and percentages of acquaintances vaccinated (60%) reduced vaccination utility, which points to free-rider problems. In addition, we find that student study majors did not contribute to preference heterogeneity, and the main disparities in preferences were attributed to student risk tolerances. Conclusion Both intrinsic and extrinsic attributes were influential factors shaping student preferences for COVID-19 vaccines. Our results inform universities and local governments across China on targeting their vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Maitland
- School of Management, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Stephen Nicholas
- Australian National Institute of Management and Commerce, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Anli Leng
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China,Center for Health Preferences Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Anli Leng
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12
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Cénat JM, Noorishad P, Moshirian Farahi SMM, Darius WP, Mesbahi El Aouame A, Onesi O, Broussard C, Furyk SE, Yaya S, Caulley L, Chomienne M, Etowa J, Labelle PR. Prevalence and factors related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness in Canada: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28156. [PMID: 36114154 PMCID: PMC9538578 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and vaccine unwillingness in Canada. Eleven databases were searched in March 2022. The pooled prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness was estimated. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed. Out of 667 studies screened, 86 full-text articles were reviewed, and 30 were included in the systematic review. Twenty-four articles were included in the meta-analysis; 12 for the pooled prevalence of vaccine hesitancy (42.3% [95% CI, 33.7%-51.0%]) and 12 for vaccine unwillingness (20.1% [95% CI, 15.2%-24.9%]). Vaccine hesitancy was higher in females (18.3% [95% CI, 12.4%-24.2%]) than males (13.9% [95% CI, 9.0%-18.8%]), and in rural (16.3% [95% CI, 12.9%-19.7%]) versus urban areas (14.1% [95%CI, 9.9%-18.3%]). Vaccine unwillingness was higher in females (19.9% [95% CI, 11.0%-24.8%]) compared with males (13.6% [95% CI, 8.0%-19.2%]), non-White individuals (21.7% [95% CI, 16.2%-27.3%]) than White individuals (14.8% [95% CI, 11.0%-18.5%]), and secondary or less (24.2% [95% CI, 18.8%-29.6%]) versus postsecondary education (15.9% [95% CI, 11.6%-20.2%]). Factors related to racial disparities, gender, education level, and age are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of PsychologyUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada,Interdisciplinary Centre for Black HealthUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada,University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black HealthUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | | | | | - Olivia Onesi
- School of PsychologyUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global StudiesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Lisa Caulley
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black HealthUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Marie‐Hélène Chomienne
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black HealthUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada,Institut du Savoir MontfortHôpital MontfortOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Josephine Etowa
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black HealthUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada,School of NursingUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada
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