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Zolzaya S, Narumoto A, Katsuyama Y. Genomic variation in neurons. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:35-42. [PMID: 37855730 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurons born during the fetal period have extreme longevity and survive until the death of the individual because the human brain has highly limited tissue regeneration. The brain is comprised of an enormous variety of neurons each exhibiting different morphological and physiological characteristics and recent studies have further reported variations in their genome including chromosomal abnormalities, copy number variations, and single nucleotide mutations. During the early stages of brain development, the increasing number of neurons generated at high speeds has been proposed to lead to chromosomal instability. Additionally, mutations in the neuronal genome can occur in the mature brain. This observed genomic mosaicism in the brain can be produced by multiple endogenous and environmental factors and careful analyses of these observed variations in the neuronal genome remain central for our understanding of the genetic basis of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjidmaa Zolzaya
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ayano Narumoto
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yu Katsuyama
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Kyriazis M, Swas L, Orlova T. The Impact of Hormesis, Neuronal Stress Response, and Reproduction, upon Clinical Aging: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5433. [PMID: 37629475 PMCID: PMC10455615 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary objective of researchers in the biology of aging is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the aging process while developing practical solutions that can enhance the quality of life for older individuals. This involves a continuous effort to bridge the gap between fundamental biological research and its real-world applications. PURPOSE In this narrative review, we attempt to link research findings concerning the hormetic relationship between neurons and germ cells, and translate these findings into clinically relevant concepts. METHODS We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Embase, PLOS, Digital Commons Network, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library from 2000 to 2023, analyzing studies dealing with the relationship between hormetic, cognitive, and reproductive aspects of human aging. RESULTS The process of hormesis serves as a bridge between the biology of neuron-germ cell interactions on one hand, and the clinical relevance of these interactions on the other. Details concerning these processes are discussed here, emphasizing new research which strengthens the overall concept. CONCLUSIONS This review presents a scientifically and clinically relevant argument, claiming that maintaining a cognitively active lifestyle may decrease age-related degeneration, and improve overall health in aging. This is a totally novel approach which reflects current developments in several relevant aspects of our biology, technology, and society.
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Gupta N, Yakhou L, Albert JR, Azogui A, Ferry L, Kirsh O, Miura F, Battault S, Yamaguchi K, Laisné M, Domrane C, Bonhomme F, Sarkar A, Delagrange M, Ducos B, Cristofari G, Ito T, Greenberg MVC, Defossez PA. A genome-wide screen reveals new regulators of the 2-cell-like cell state. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1105-1118. [PMID: 37488355 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, only the zygote and blastomeres of the early embryo are totipotent. This totipotency is mirrored in vitro by mouse '2-cell-like cells' (2CLCs), which appear at low frequency in cultures of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Because totipotency is not completely understood, we carried out a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in mouse ESCs, searching for mutants that reactivate the expression of Dazl, a gene expressed in 2CLCs. Here we report the identification of four mutants that reactivate Dazl and a broader 2-cell-like signature: the E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor SPOP, the Zinc-Finger transcription factor ZBTB14, MCM3AP, a component of the RNA processing complex TREX-2, and the lysine demethylase KDM5C. All four factors function upstream of DPPA2 and DUX, but not via p53. In addition, SPOP binds DPPA2, and KDM5C interacts with ncPRC1.6 and inhibits 2CLC gene expression in a catalytic-independent manner. These results extend our knowledge of totipotency, a key phase of organismal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Gupta
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France.
- Joint AZ CRUK Functional Genomics Centre, The Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Lounis Yakhou
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Anaelle Azogui
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Laure Ferry
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Kirsh
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fumihito Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sarah Battault
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Kosuke Yamaguchi
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marthe Laisné
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Domrane
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bonhomme
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, UMR3523, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Arpita Sarkar
- IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Marine Delagrange
- High Throughput qPCR Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS CNRS UMR8023, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- High Throughput qPCR Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS CNRS UMR8023, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
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