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Braunerhjelm P, Lappi E. Employees' entrepreneurial human capital and firm performance. Research Policy 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2022.104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang Q, Xie L, Zhu D. Educational level of researchers in spin-out R&D units and external technology acquisition: The higher, the more? J Technol Transf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-022-09981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Joseph J, Rhee L, Wilson AJ. Corporate Hierarchy and Organizational Learning: Member Turnover, Code Change, and Innovation in the Multiunit Firm. Organization Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2022.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examines how recombinant innovation is affected by member turnover and organizational learning within a corporate hierarchy. Prior work has overlooked the role of organizational structure in organizational learning, focusing instead on the knowledge provided by individual new hires or on the disruption caused by individual departures. We address this gap by applying March’s [March JG (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2(1):71–87.] mutual learning model to a corporate hierarchy. In doing so, we theorize how the contributions of corporate staff to socializing new employees and to learning from the organizational code may differ from those of the organization’s subunit members. Empirically, we examine the learning effects of aggregate corporate and subunit arrivals and departures on novel recombinant innovation by subunits. Using 24 years of Motorola company directories, we construct membership turnover measures for corporate and subunit employees and exploit patent data to capture recombinant innovation. Our results suggest that, whereas the influx of new ideas through arrivals may be critical, breaking the pattern of inertial behavior through departures is more important for recombinant innovation. Corporate departures matter most for recombinant innovation, a result that reflects not only corporate staff’s slower individual learning from the organizational code but also its ability to update that code more quickly. In supplementary analyses, we find different effects for technical and nontechnical staff and internal and external arrivals, as well as demonstrate the mutual learning mechanism using internal corporate documents to capture code change. Our study has strong implications for theories of organizational learning, strategic human capital, organization design, and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Joseph
- Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Luke Rhee
- Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Alex James Wilson
- Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Miric M, Yin PL, Fehder DC. Population-Level Evidence of the Gender Gap in Technology Entrepreneurship. Strategy Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1287/stsc.2022.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the gender gap in entrepreneurship in the technology industry. Digitization has created vast economic opportunities in the technology sector and has lowered many barriers to entry, thus reducing traditional frictions regarding entrepreneurship and potentially increasing opportunities for female founders. However, anecdotal evidence has suggested that female technology founders are rare and that women are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics roles. Based on individual career histories collected from more than 42 million U.S.-based LinkedIn profiles, including more than 1.3 million founders, we explore whether there are higher rates of female founders in technology companies relative to other industries. Our analysis revealed the following: (1) Females were only half as likely as males to found businesses in the technology industry. (2) Females were less likely to found successive businesses (i.e., serial founders), which was even more pronounced in the technology industry. (3) When we used the gender gap in labor force participation as a baseline, the gender gap in technology entrepreneurship was particularly large, even compared with other male-dominated industries (e.g., construction). (4) The gender gap in technology entrepreneurship was driven by lower rates of entrepreneurship by females in lower positions in the organizational hierarchy. In contrast, females who reached the C-suite in technology sectors were 16% more likely to found firms compared with their female C-suite counterparts in nontechnology industries. Combined, the results provide a nuanced view of the gender gap in entrepreneurship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Miric
- Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | | | - Daniel C. Fehder
- Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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Argote L, Guo J, Park SS, Hahl O. The Mechanisms and Components of Knowledge Transfer: The Virtual Special Issue on Knowledge Transfer Within Organizations. Organization Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2022.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge transfer within organizations has important implications for organizational performance and competitive advantage. In this virtual special issue, we review articles on this topic published in Organization Science between 2014 and 2020 and identify 53 articles for their theoretical and empirical contributions. These articles examine knowledge transfer through five transfer mechanisms: social networks, routines, personnel mobility, organizational design, and search. We consider the intersection of each transfer mechanism with important components of knowledge transfer (characteristics of sources/recipients, characteristics of knowledge, and characteristics of contexts). We present 15 exemplar articles, each of which reflects the intersection of a mechanism and a component of knowledge transfer. We also present an overview of the methodological approaches and empirical contexts that are utilized. We conclude our article with a discussion of future research opportunities. The articles published in Organization Science have advanced understanding of both the mechanisms through which knowledge transfer occurs and the conditions under which it is most likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Argote
- Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jerry Guo
- Department of Management, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sae-Seul Park
- Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Oliver Hahl
- Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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Tzabbar D, Cirillo B, Breschi S. The Differential Impact of Intrafirm Collaboration and Technological Network Centrality on Employees’ Likelihood of Leaving the Firm. Organization Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2021.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
How does an employee’s centrality in intrafirm research and development activities affect the employee’s propensity for outward mobility? Does this proclivity vary by the type of employment the employee seeks: moving to other firms versus founding a new venture? We maintain that, to answer these questions, we must distinguish between an employee’s centrality in the intrafirm collaboration network and the employee’s centrality in the intrafirm technological recombination network. We utilize the curricula vitae and patent data of corporate inventors at a leading semiconductor company between 1993 and 2012 to test our hypotheses. Contrary to prevailing views, our competing risk model indicates that corporate inventors who are central in the intrafirm collaboration and technological network and, thus, have the most opportunities are less likely to leave the current employer. However, when considering external employment opportunities, their preferences vary. Collaboration-central individuals are more likely to start a new venture than to move to another employer. Their skill in developing interpersonal relationships enables them to attract the tangible and intangible resources needed in a new firm. In contrast, inventors whose technological expertise is central to the firm’s technology recombination network are more likely to move to another employer than to start a new venture. In an established firm, they can leverage their technological know-how using the resources that a new venture would lack. Our theory highlights the trade-offs in employees’ attempts to take advantage of their internal and external value based on their position within the firm’s collaboration and technological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tzabbar
- LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Bruno Cirillo
- SKEMA Business School, Université Côte d’Azur (GREDEG), 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Stefano Breschi
- Department of Management & Technology and ICRIOS, Bocconi University, 20136 Milan, Italy
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WIKHAMN BJÖRNREMNELAND. DESIGNING LIGHTWEIGHT OPEN INNOVATION: A CONCEPTUALISATION OF HOW LARGE FIRMS ENGAGE WITH SMALL ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS. Int J Innov Mgt 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1363919621501036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing scholarly interest in how large corporations engage in open innovation with small entrepreneurial firms, with synergies potentially producing positive outcomes for both the involved parties and the surrounding ecosystem. “Lightweight models” of open innovation (LOIs) have recently been introduced, governed by trust and relationships rather than by equity ownership and transactional control. This paper introduces a design framework and an alignment model for LOIs, based on 19 inductively generated and highly interrelated design elements associated with five design themes. The study uses empirical data from 18 LOI initiatives in Sweden, and the framework explains important differences in their motives, value propositions, innovation localizations, involved participants, and forms of interactions. Applying a value perspective to open innovation highlights two different value logics, suggesting that LOI initiatives can approach value by emphasizing either value creation or value capture. These logics may greatly influence other important design elements of LOIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- BJÖRN REMNELAND WIKHAMN
- School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 610, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fini R, Perkmann M, Ross JM. Attention to Exploration: The Effect of Academic Entrepreneurship on the Production of Scientific Knowledge. Organization Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2021.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We study how becoming an entrepreneur affects academic scientists’ research. We propose that entrepreneurship will shift scientists’ attention away from intradisciplinary research questions and toward new bodies of knowledge relevant for downstream technology development. This will propel scientists to engage in exploration, meaning they work on topics new to them. In turn, this shift toward exploration will enhance the impact of the entrepreneurial scientist’s subsequent research, as concepts and models from other bodies of knowledge are combined in novel ways. Entrepreneurship leads to more impactful research, mediated by exploration. Using panel data on the full population of scientists at a large research university, we find support for this argument. Our study is novel in that it identifies a shift of attention as the mechanism underpinning the beneficial spillover effects from founding a venture on the production of public science. A key implication of our study is that commercial work by academics can drive fundamental advances in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fini
- Department of Management, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Markus Perkmann
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, Business School, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jan-Michael Ross
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, Business School, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Agarwal R, Bidwell M, Cirillo B, Tzabbar D. Two Perspectives on Employee Mobility: A Conversation between Rajshree Agarwal and Matthew Bidwell
*. Employee Inter- and Intra-Firm Mobility 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/s0742-332220200000041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Choudhury P(R. Intra-firm Geographic Mobility: Value Creation Mechanisms and Future Research Directions*. Employee Inter- and Intra-Firm Mobility 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/s0742-332220200000041011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to systematically review and synthesize the literature on organizational forgetting.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review approach was used to synthesize current theoretical and empirical studies on organizational forgetting.FindingsThe review and synthesis of the literature revealed that the organizational forgetting literature is fragmented, with studies conducted across disparate fields and using different methodologies; two primary modes (i.e. accidental and purposeful) and three foci (i.e. knowledge depreciation, knowledge loss and unlearning) define current organizational forgetting literature; and the factors that influence organizational forgetting can be grouped into four clusters related to individuals, processes, tools and organizational context.Research limitations/implicationsThis literature review has limitations related to time span coverage and journal article accessibility.Originality/valueThis paper offers an integrative view of organizational forgetting that proposes a holistic and multilevel research approach and systematic synthesis of organizational forgetting research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cirillo
- SKEMA Business School, Université Côte d’Azur (GREDEG), 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann P. Feldman
- Kenan-Flagler Business School and Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Serden Ozcan
- Department of Innovation and Corporate Transformation, WHU–Otto Beisheim School of Management, 56179 Vallendar, Germany
| | - Toke Reichstein
- Department of Strategic Management and Globalization, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg 2000, Denmark
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Guillén L, Kunze F. When age does not harm innovative behavior and perceptions of competence: Testing interdepartmental collaboration as a social buffer. Hum Resour Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cirillo B, Breschi S, Prencipe A. Divide to connect: Reorganization through R&D unit spinout as linking context of intra-corporate networks. Research Policy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tschang FT, Ertug G. New Blood as an Elixir of Youth: Effects of Human Capital Tenure on the Explorative Capability of Aging Firms. Organization Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2016.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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