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Chaudhury S, Panda S, Mohanty N, Panda S, Mohapatra D, Nagaraja R, Sahoo A, Gopinath D, Lewkowicz N, Lapinska B. Can Immunoexpression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers Prognosticate Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082753. [PMID: 37109090 PMCID: PMC10144949 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the association of the immunoexpression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers with clinicopathological and survival outcomes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis [PROSPERO (CRD42021226791)] included observational studies that compared the association of clinicopathological and survival outcomes with CSC immunoexpression in TSCC patients. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as outcome measures. Six studies identified the association with three surface markers (c-MET, STAT3, CD44) and four transcription markers (NANOG, OCT4, BMI, SOX2). The odds of early-stage presentation were 41% (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.42-0.83) and 75% (OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.14-0.45) lower in CSC and SOX2 immuno-positive cases than immuno-negative cases, respectively. The odds of well-differentiated tumors in transcription marker immuno-positive cases were 45% lower compared to immuno-negative cases (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.96). The odds of positive lymph nodes were 2.01 times higher in CSC immuno-positive cases compared to immuno-negative cases (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.11-3.65). Mortality in immuno-positive cases was 121% higher than that in immuno-negative cases (HR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.16-4.21). Advanced tumor staging and grading, lymph node metastasis, and mortality were significantly associated with positive immunoexpression of CSC markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantanee Chaudhury
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Swagatika Panda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Neeta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Saurav Panda
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Diksha Mohapatra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Ravishankar Nagaraja
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Alkananda Sahoo
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Divya Gopinath
- Basic Medical and Dental Sciences Department, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Natalia Lewkowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Adnan Y, Ali SMA, Farooqui HA, Kayani HA, Idrees R, Awan MS, Yip CH. High CD44 Immunoexpression Correlates with Poor Overall Survival: Assessing the Role of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients from the High-Risk Population of Pakistan. Int J Surg Oncol 2022; 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35296132 PMCID: PMC8920653 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9990489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a top-ranked cancer in the Pakistani population, and patient survival has remained unchanged at ∼50% for several decades. Recent advances have claimed that a subset of tumour cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), are responsible for tumour progression, treatment resistance, and metastasis, which leads to a poor prognosis. This study investigated the impact of CSC markers expression on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of OSCC patients. Materials and Methods. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate CD44, CD133, L1CAM, and SOX2 expression in a well-characterized cohort of 100 Pakistani patients with primary treatment naïve OSCC. The immunoreactivity for each marker was correlated with patient clinicopathologic characteristics, oral cancer risk chewing habits, and survival. The minimum follow-up time for all patients was five years, and survival estimates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Results. In this cohort of 100 patients, there were 57 males and 43 females. The median OS and DFS time durations observed were 64 and 52.5 months, respectively. Positive expression for CD44, CD133, L1CAM, and SOX2 was observed in 33%, 23%, 41%, and 63% of patients. High CD44 expression correlated with decreased OS (P=0.047) but did not influence DFS. However, CD133, L1CAM, and SOX2 had no effect on either OS or DFS. Tonsils, nodal involvement, and AJCC stage were independent predictors of worse OS and DFS both. Conclusion. Of the CSC markers investigated here, only CD44 was a predictor for poor OS. CD44 was also associated with advanced AJCC and T stages. Interestingly, CD133 was significantly lower in patients who habitually consumed oral cancer risk factors.
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Faskhoudi MA, Molaei P, Sadrkhanloo M, Orouei S, Hashemi M, Bokaie S, Rashidi M, Entezari M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH. Molecular landscape of c-Myc signaling in prostate cancer: A roadmap to clinical translation. Pathol Res Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) has been reported as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. However, the role of SOX2 in cervical cancer remains largely undetermined. This study was performed to evaluate the correlation of SOX2 with clinical characteristics and prognosis in cervical cancer. METHODS Multiple databases were systematically searched for eligible publications. The combined odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the effect sizes. RESULTS A total of 17 studies with 1906 participants were identified. SOX2 expression was higher in cervical cancer than in the normal control group (OR = 10.83, 95% CI = 6.64-17.67, P < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed between cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. SOX2 expression was not associated with age, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis, but was correlated with tumor grade (grade 2-3 vs. grade 1: OR = 4.59, 95% CI = 2.76-7.62, P < 0.001) and tumor size (≥4 cm vs. ≤4 cm: OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.05-2.60, P = 0.028). Based on multivariate Cox analysis, SOX2 expression was not correlated with overall survival, but was closely associated with poor recurrence-free survival (HR = 5.83, 95% CI = 1.35-25.16, P = 0.018) and progress-free survival HR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.01-5.19, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION SOX2 may serve as a novel prognostic factor and a promising molecular target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, PR China
| | - Mingyu Yan
- Inner Mongolia Medical College Third Affiliated Hospital, Baotou, PR China
| | - Yaohui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, PR China
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Ghazaghi F, Saffar H, Yazdani F, Etebarian A. Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of SOX2 Protein Expression in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:700-705. [PMID: 33973888 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer stem cells are a small group of highly tumorigenic cells with the trend of self-renewal, tumor progression, metastasis, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. SOX2 is an important cancer stem cell marker that is involved in tumorigenesis and correlated with aggressive features in various types of malignancies. The present study was aimed to investigate the expression of this biomarker in neoplastic tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to determine whether it has the potential to predict the outcomes and survival of the affected patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of 73 patients diagnosed with OSCC were retrospectively studied. Clinical and pathologic features included age, sex, tumor size, histologic grade, lymph node involvement, recurrence, metastasis, and follow up. Immunohistochemical analysis for SOX2 protein expression was performed, and its correlations with clinicopathologic features were evaluated. RESULTS SOX2 was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and patients' survival. We found no apparent correlation between SOX2 and tumor recurrence, distant metastasis, or differentiation. The multivariate analysis identifies patients' age, sex, and SOX2 expression as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSION SOX2 may worsen the prognosis and be a progressive malignant factor, which can help clinicians investigate OSCC patients' survival and plan the appropriate treatment accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ghazaghi
- Department of Periodontology, School of dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
| | - Hana Saffar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex
| | - Farzad Yazdani
- Department of Pathology, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Arghavan Etebarian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Zhao G, Wang X, Qu L, Zhu Z, Hong J, Hou H, Li Z, Wang J, Lv Z. The Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Sex-Determining Region Y-Box 2 and its Prognostic Value in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Meta-Analysis. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 16:16-26. [PMID: 33716628 DOI: 10.1159/000505806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Transcription factor SOX2 (sex-determining region Y-box 2) has a crucial role in the maintenance of the stem cell state. However, current evidence regarding the role of SOX2 in breast cancer is conflicting. We conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the association of SOX2 expression with clinical and molecular features and its prognostic effect on breast cancer. Methods All relevant articles were searched using electronic databases. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs: multivariate Cox survival analysis) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results A final total of 18 studies containing 3,080 patients with breast cancer were included. SOX2 protein expression was not related to age, menopausal status, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, molecular estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, triple-negative status, and the overall survival in breast cancer, but was closely associated with advanced tumor grade (grade 3 vs. grade 1-2: OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.85-4.06, p < 0.001), clinical stage (stage 3-4 vs. stage 0-2: OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.37-4.40, p = 0.002), pT stage (T stage 2-4 vs. T stage 1: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.07-2.17, p = 0.019), molecular human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status (positive vs. negative: OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21-2.14, p = 0.001), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status (positive vs. negative: OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.13-4.33, p = 0.021), and worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.20-5.91, p = 0.016) of breast cancer. Conclusions SOX2 expression is correlated with breast cancer progression, HER2 status, and EGFR status, and may be an independent prognostic marker for predicting poor DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Limei Qu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinghui Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiqin Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zuonong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Lv
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Chowdhury FN, Reisinger J, Gomez KE, Chimed TS, Thomas CM, Le PN, Miller B, Morton JJ, Nieto CM, Somerset HL, Wang XJ, Keysar SB, Jimeno A. Leading edge or tumor core: Intratumor cancer stem cell niches in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and their association with stem cell function. Oral Oncol 2019; 98:118-124. [PMID: 31586893 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe differences in cancer stem cell (CSC) presence and behavior associated with their intratumor compartment of origin using a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four HPV-negative OCSCC PDX cases were selected (CUHN004, CUHN013, CUHN096, CUHN111) and the percentage of CSCs (ALDH+CD44high) was measured in the tumor Leading Edge (LE) and Core compartments of each PDX tumor case via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The fraction of cells in the proliferative phase was measured by Ki-67 labelling index of paraffin embedded tissue. The proliferation and invasion of LE versus Core CSCs were compared using sphere and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. RESULTS Both CUHN111 and CUHN004 demonstrate CSC enrichment in their LE compartments while CUHN013 and CUHN096 show no intratumor difference. Cases with LE CSC enrichment demonstrate greater Ki-67 labelling at the LE. CSC proliferative potential, assessed by sphere formation, reveals greater sphere formation in CUHN111 LE CSCs, but no difference between CUHN013 LE and Core CSCs. CUHN111 CSCs do not demonstrate an intratumor difference in invasiveness while CUHN013 LE CSCs are more invasive than Core CSCs. CONCLUSION A discrete intratumor CSC niche is present in a subset of OCSCC PDX tumors. The CSC functional phenotype with regard to proliferation and invasion is associated with the intratumor compartment of origin of the CSC: LE or Core. These individual functional characteristics appear to be modulated independently of one another and independently of the presence of an intratumor CSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad N Chowdhury
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julie Reisinger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Karina E Gomez
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tugs-Saikhan Chimed
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Carissa M Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M4Y 2X5, Canada
| | - Phuong N Le
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bettina Miller
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John J Morton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cera M Nieto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen B Keysar
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCDSOM, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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He C, Liu C, Wang L, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Hao Y. Histone methyltransferase NSD2 regulates apoptosis and chemosensitivity in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:65. [PMID: 30683853 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumour. However, the genetic basis for the pathogenesis of OS remains elusive. In this study, we uncovered the role of the histone methyltransferase NSD2 in regulating tumourigenesis and chemosensitivity in OS. We show that NSD2 knockdown leads to increased apoptosis in OS cells in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, NSD2 knockdown significantly enhances the efficacy of cisplatin against OS cells and accordingly inhibits properties associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). Furthermore, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that NSD2 promotes transcription of genes associated with negative regulation of apoptotic signalling pathways and CSC properties. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) assays indicated that NSD2 knockdown leads to decreased H3K36me2 modification at BCL2 and SOX2 loci, thus inhibiting the transcription of these two genes that are closely correlated with apoptosis, CSC properties and chemosensitivity in OS cells. Pathway analysis demonstrated that the ERK and AKT pathways mediate the regulation of OS progression and chemosensitivity by NSD2. Overall, our study is the first to uncover the function of NSD2 in OS chemosensitivity. NSD2 regulates the expression of the apoptosis regulatory proteins BCL2 and SOX2 through the ERK and AKT pathways. Our results suggest that NSD2 is a new target for combined chemotherapy and is a prognostic factor for OS.
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Han S, Huang T, Wu X, Wang X, Liu S, Yang W, Shi Q, Li H, Hou F. Prognostic Value of CD133 and SOX2 in Advanced Cancer. J Oncol 2019; 2019:3905817. [PMID: 30693028 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3905817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of CD133 and SOX2 expression in advanced cancer remains unclear. This study was first conducted to investigate the association between CD133 or SOX2 positivity and clinical outcomes for advanced cancer patients. Methods Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to evaluate the correlation between CD133 or SOX2 positivity and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), or recurrence-free survival (RFS) from multivariable analysis. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also performed. Results 13 studies with 1358 cases (CD133) and five studies with 433 cases (SOX2) were identified. CD133 positivity was correlated with worse CSS and OS, but there was no correlation between CD133 positivity and DFS. SOX2 positivity was associated with poor DFS and RFS but was not linked to PFS. Stratified analysis by study source showed that only CD133 positivity can decrease OS for Chinese patients. Stratified analysis by treatment regimens indicated that CD133 positivity was linked to poor OS in patients treated with adjuvant therapy. TSA showed that additional studies were necessary. Conclusions CD133 and SOX2 might be associated with worse prognosis in advanced cancer. More prospective studies are strongly needed. Impact CD133 and SOX2 may be promising targeted molecular therapy for advanced cancer patients.
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Teixeira Buck MG, Souza Cabral Tuci P, Perillo Rosin FC, Pinheiro Barcessat AR, Corrêa L. Immunohistochemistry profile of p75 neurotrophin receptor in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:169-177. [PMID: 30268558 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) model for carcinogenesis has been used to investigate cancer stem cells (CSC), but no study has addressed the role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in 4-NQO-induced oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemistry profile of the p75NTR during 4-NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis in rats and to verify whether this profile has an association with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolabeling. DESIGN For 28 weeks, rats were exposed to 4-NQO, which was diluted in the drinking water. After 3, 5, 7, 16, and 28 weeks, the animals were euthanized and their tongues were histologically analyzed using p75NTR and PCNA immunolabeling. RESULTS In animals without 4-NQO exposure, the p75NTR and PCNA were expressed only in the basal epithelial layer and in a clustered manner. The oral epithelium showed dysplasia and a significant increase in the number of p75NTR- and PCNA-positive cells, which were localized mainly in the basal and suprabasal epithelial layers during weeks 5-16 of 4-NQO exposure. When the epithelium invaded the lamina propria and well-differentiated OSCC began, the p75NTR-positive cell frequency drastically decreased in epithelial cords and nests, showing a negative correlation with PCNA expression. p75NTR immunolabeling during 4-NQO-induced carcinogenesis was similar to that described for human head and neck dysplasia and neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS p75NTR immunolabeling observed in 4-NQO-induced oral dysplastic and OSCC lesions were related to the early phases of oral carcinogenesis and may help predict cell dysplasia and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gabriela Teixeira Buck
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Souza Cabral Tuci
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Cristina Perillo Rosin
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Pinheiro Barcessat
- Biological Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, KM-02 Jardim Marco Zero Macapá, 68.903-419 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Emmerson E, Knox SM. Salivary gland stem cells: A review of development, regeneration and cancer. Genesis 2018; 56:e23211. [PMID: 29663717 PMCID: PMC5980780 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands are responsible for maintaining the health of the oral cavity and are routinely damaged by therapeutic radiation for head and neck cancer as well as by autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome. Regenerative approaches based on the reactivation of endogenous stem cells or the transplant of exogenous stem cells hold substantial promise in restoring the structure and function of these organs to improve patient quality of life. However, these approaches have been hampered by a lack of knowledge on the identity of salivary stem cell populations and their regulators. In this review we discuss our current knowledge on salivary stem cells and their regulators during organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. As increasing evidence in other systems suggests that progenitor cells may be a source of cancer, we also review whether these same salivary stem cells may also be cancer initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Emmerson
- The MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sarah M. Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Teixeira MG, Corrêa L. Quality Assessment of Prognostic Studies Using Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:e61-9. [PMID: 28800012 DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been investigated as prognostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, an assessment of the reporting quality of these studies has not been performed yet. The aim of this study was to describe the reporting quality of prognostic studies involving CSCs and OSCC, focusing mainly on the immunohistochemical reproducibility. By means a systematic review, 34 articles were selected. Analyses of both general reporting quality and immunohistochemistry technique were performed by using checklists for multiple aspects related to study reproducibility. A total of 21 different CSC markers were cited in the selected studies, evaluated by means of a wide range of antibodies, most of them (40.3%) without clone description. Discrepancies in intracellular immunolabeling were noted for some markers. The mean global score for general quality assessment revealed limits in the quality of the articles. The main problems were related to lack of report on OSCC characteristics and treatment, sample size rationale, and sensitivity analysis or internal validation of the markers. Although there was a high frequency of studies having "good or very good" score for immunohistochemistry reproducibility, the frequency of articles with "poor or very poor" score for individual items was expressive, mainly for description of immunolabeling analysis (38.2% of the studies were poorly described). In conclusion, although there is a significant range of CSC markers with promising results for prognosis of OSCC, the inadequate reporting of important sections in the published studies, including immunohistochemistry technique, may limit the quality of the investigation.
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Rad A, Esmaeili Dizghandi S, Abbaszadegan MR, Taghechian N, Najafi M, Forghanifard MM. SOX1 is correlated to stemness state regulator SALL4 through progression and invasiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gene 2016; 594:171-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kaseb HO, Lewis DW, Saunders WS, Gollin SM. Cell division patterns and chromosomal segregation defects in oral cancer stem cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:694-709. [PMID: 27123539 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a serious public health problem caused primarily by smoking and alcohol consumption or human papillomavirus. The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory posits that CSCs show unique characteristics, including self-renewal and therapeutic resistance. Examining biomarkers and other features of CSCs is critical to better understanding their biology. To this end, the results show that cellular SOX2 immunostaining correlates with other CSC biomarkers in OSCC cell lines and marks the rare CSC population. To assess whether CSC division patterns are symmetrical, resulting in two CSC, or asymmetrical, leading to one CSC and one cancer cell, cell size and fluorescence intensity of mitotic cells stained with SOX2 were analyzed. Asymmetrical SOX2 distribution in ≈25% of the mitoses analyzed was detected. Chromosomal instability, some of which is caused by chromosome segregation defects (CSDs), is a feature of cancer cells that leads to altered gene copy numbers. We compare chromosomal instability (as measured by CSDs) between CSCs (SOX2+) and non-CSCs (SOX2-) from the same OSCC cell lines. CSDs were more common in non-CSCs (SOX2-) than CSCs (SOX2+) and in symmetrical CSC (SOX2+) mitotic pairs than asymmetrical CSC (SOX2+/SOX2-) mitotic pairs. CSCs showed fewer and different types of CSDs after ionizing radiation treatment than non-CSCs. Overall, these data are the first to demonstrate both symmetrical and asymmetrical cell divisions with CSDs in OSCC CSC. Further, the results suggest that CSCs may undergo altered behavior, including therapeutic resistance as a result of chromosomal instability due to chromosome segregation defects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem O Kaseb
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dale W Lewis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William S Saunders
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Susanne M Gollin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
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Cao SG, Ming ZJ, Zhang YP, Yang SY. Sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high-mobility-group box 2 in malignant tumors: current opinions and anticancer therapy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:384-9. [PMID: 25635436 PMCID: PMC4837871 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.150112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To gain insight into the mechanism by which sex-determining region of Y chromosome (SRY)-related high-mobility-group box 2 (SOX2) involved in carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Data Sources: The data used in this review were mainly published in English from 2000 to present obtained from PubMed. The search terms were “SOX2”, “cancer”, “tumor” or “CSCs”. Study Selection: Articles studying the mitochondria-related pathologic mechanism and treatment of glaucoma were selected and reviewed. Results: SOX2, a transcription factor that is the key in maintaining pluripotent properties of stem cells, is a member of SRY-related high-mobility group domain proteins. SOX2 participates in many biological processes, such as modulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell death signaling, cell apoptosis, and most importantly, tumor formation and development. Although SOX2 has been implicated in the biology of various tumors and CSCs, the findings are highly controversial, and information regarding the underlying mechanism remains limited. Moreover, the mechanism by which SOX2 involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression is rather unclear yet. Conclusions: Here, we review the important biological functions of SOX2 in different tumors and CSCs, and the function of SOX2 signaling in the pathobiology of neoplasia, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, Survivin signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and so on. Targeting towards SOX2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuan-Ying Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
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Lee YC, Yu CC, Lan C, Lee CH, Lee HT, Kuo YL, Wang PH, Chang WW. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as regulator of tumor-initiating cell properties in head and neck cancers. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E895-904. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Chun Lee
- Radiation Oncology Department; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung City Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chih Lan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology; School of Medicine, China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Te Lee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Kuo
- Department of Medical Imaging; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
- School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung City Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung City Taiwan
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