1
|
Ogurchenok NE, Khalin KD, Bryukhovetskiy IS. Chemoprophylaxis of precancerous lesions in patients who are at a high risk of developing colorectal cancer (Review). Med Int (Lond) 2024; 4:25. [PMID: 38628384 PMCID: PMC11019464 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2024.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The diagnostics of colorectal cancer (CRC) and precancerous lesions in the colon is one of the most urgent matters to be considered for the modern protocols of complex examination, recommended for use from the age of 45 years, and including both instrumental and laboratory methods of research: Colonoscopy, CT colonography, flexible sigmoidoscopy, fecal occult blood test, fecal immunohistochemistry test and stool DNA test Nevertheless, the removal of those precancerous lesions does not solve the issue, and, apart from the regular endoscopic monitoring of patients who are at a high risk of developing CRC, the pharmacological treatment of certain key pathogenic mechanisms leading to the development of CRC is required. The present review to discusses the function of β-catenin in the transformation of precancerous colorectal lesions into CRC, when collaborating with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and other mechanisms. The existing methods for the early diagnostics and prevention of discovered anomalies are described and categorized. The analysis of the approaches to chemoprophylaxis of CRC, depending on the results of endoscopic, morphological and molecular-genetic tests, is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nonna E. Ogurchenok
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, FEFU Medical Center, Russky Island, 690091 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Primorskiy Regional Clinical Hospital N1, Medical Center, Russky Island, 690091 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin D. Khalin
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, FEFU Medical Center, Russky Island, 690091 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Far Eastern Federal University, Medical Center, Russky Island, 690091 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Igor S. Bryukhovetskiy
- Far Eastern Federal University, Medical Center, Russky Island, 690091 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aanniz T, Bouyahya A, Balahbib A, El Kadri K, Khalid A, Makeen HA, Alhazmi HA, El Omari N, Zaid Y, Wong RSY, Yeo CI, Goh BH, Bakrim S. Natural bioactive compounds targeting DNA methyltransferase enzymes in cancer: Mechanisms insights and efficiencies. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110907. [PMID: 38395253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression is fundamental to health and life and is essentially carried out at the promoter region of the DNA of each gene. Depending on the molecular context, this region may be accessible or non-accessible (possibility of integration of RNA polymerase or not at this region). Among enzymes that control this process, DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMTs), are responsible for DNA demethylation at the CpG islands, particularly at the promoter regions, to regulate transcription. The aberrant activity of these enzymes, i.e. their abnormal expression or activity, can result in the repression or overactivation of gene expression. Consequently, this can generate cellular dysregulation leading to instability and tumor development. Several reports highlighted the involvement of DNMTs in human cancers. The inhibition or activation of DNMTs is a promising therapeutic approach in many human cancers. In the present work, we provide a comprehensive and critical summary of natural bioactive molecules as primary inhibitors of DNMTs in human cancers. The active compounds hold the potential to be developed as anti-cancer epidrugs targeting DNMTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, B.P, 6203, Morocco.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco.
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Errachidia, Errachidia, Morocco.
| | - Kawtar El Kadri
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Errachidia, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box: 2424, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Tetouan, Morocco.
| | - Younes Zaid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Rebecca Shin-Yee Wong
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Medical Education, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Chien Ing Yeo
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, 80000, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang H, Li Q, Tu X, Yu D, Zhou Y, Ma L, Wei K, Gao Y, Zhao G, Han R, Ye F, Ke C. DNA hypomethylation patterns and their impact on the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00933-x. [PMID: 38520647 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research underscores the pivotal role of immune checkpoints as biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy, highlighting the dynamics of resistance and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The impact of epigenetic alterations in CRC, particularly in relation to immune therapy resistance, is not fully understood. METHODS We integrated a comprehensive dataset encompassing TCGA-COAD, TCGA-READ, and multiple GEO series (GSE14333, GSE37892, GSE41258), along with key epigenetic datasets (TCGA-COAD, TCGA-READ, GSE77718). Hierarchical clustering, based on Euclidean distance and Ward's method, was applied to 330 primary tumor samples to identify distinct clusters. The immune microenvironment was assessed using MCPcounter. Machine learning algorithms were employed to predict DNA methylation patterns and their functional enrichment, in addition to transcriptome expression analysis. Genomic mutation profiles and treatment response assessments were also conducted. RESULTS Our analysis delineated a specific tumor cluster with CpG Island (CGI) methylation, termed the Demethylated Phenotype (DMP). DMP was associated with metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, implicating increased ATP production efficiency in mitochondria, which contributes to tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, DMP showed activation of the Myc target pathway, known for tumor immune suppression, and exhibited downregulation in key immune-related pathways, suggesting a tumor microenvironment characterized by diminished immunity and increased fibroblast infiltration. Six potential therapeutic agents-lapatinib, RDEA119, WH.4.023, MG.132, PD.0325901, and AZ628-were identified as effective for the DMP subtype. CONCLUSION This study unveils a novel epigenetic phenotype in CRC linked to resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitors, presenting a significant step toward personalized medicine by suggesting epigenetic classifications as a means to identify ideal candidates for immunotherapy in CRC. Our findings also highlight potential therapeutic agents for the DMP subtype, offering new avenues for tailored CRC treatment strategies.
Collapse
Grants
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- 2021YDZ03 Medical Products Administration of Guangdong Province
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- QN2021012 Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 81902498,H2022405002 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- 2019CFB177 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- Q20182105 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- CXPJJH11800001-2018333 Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the development of science and technology of Hubei Provincial
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- WJ2021Q007 The Foundation of Health and Family planning Commission of Hubei Province
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 201810929005, 201810929009, 201810929068, 201813249010, S201910929009, S201910929045, S202013249005, S202013249008 and 202010929009 Innovation and entrepreneurship training program
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
- 2021JJXM009 The Scientific and Technological Project of Taihe hospital
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xusheng Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Dongyue Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yundong Zhou
- Shanghai Medical Innovation Fusion Biomedical Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, China
| | - Kongyuan Wei
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Faculty of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ruiqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseas, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Fangdie Ye
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Chunlian Ke
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao N, Lai C, Wang Y, Dai S, Gu H. Understanding the role of DNA methylation in colorectal cancer: Mechanisms, detection, and clinical significance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189096. [PMID: 38499079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, ranking third in incidence and second in mortality. Remarkably, early stage localized CRC has a 5-year survival rate of over 90%; in stark contrast, the corresponding 5-year survival rate for metastatic CRC (mCRC) is only 14%. Compounding this problem is the staggering lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Beyond genetic mutations, which have been identified as critical instigators of CRC initiation and progression, the importance of epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), cannot be underestimated, given that DNAm can be used for diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognostic evaluation. This review addresses the intricate mechanisms governing aberrant DNAm in CRC and its profound impact on critical oncogenic pathways. In addition, a comprehensive review of the various techniques used to detect DNAm alterations in CRC is provided, along with an exploration of the clinical utility of cancer-specific DNAm alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chuanxi Lai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Zhejiang ShengTing Biotech. Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
| | - Hongcang Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee J, Kim JH, Chu HBK, Oh ST, Kang SB, Lee S, Kim DW, Oh HK, Park JH, Kim J, Kang J, Lee JY, Cho S, Shim H, Lee HS, Kim SY, Kim YJ, Yang JO, Lee KY. Comprehensive RNA-sequencing analysis of colorectal cancer in a Korean cohort. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100033. [PMID: 38403196 PMCID: PMC11004400 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the recent increase in the number of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases in South Korea, we aimed to clarify the molecular characteristics of CRC unique to the Korean population. To gain insights into the complexities of CRC and promote the exchange of critical data, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to reveal the molecular mechanisms that drive the development and progression of CRC; this analysis is critical for developing effective treatment strategies. We performed RNA-sequencing analysis of CRC and adjacent normal tissue samples from 214 Korean participants (comprising a total of 381 including 169 normal and 212 tumor samples) to investigate differential gene expression between the groups. We identified 19,575 genes expressed in CRC and normal tissues, with 3,830 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups. Functional annotation analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to the cell cycle, DNA replication, and IL-17, whereas the downregulated DEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways. We also analyzed the relationship between clinical information and subtypes using the Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) classification. Furthermore, we compared groups clustered within our dataset to CMS groups and performed additional analysis of the methylation data between DEGs and CMS groups to provide comprehensive biological insights from various perspectives. Our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC in Korean patients and serves as a platform for identifying potential target genes for this disease. The raw data and processed results have been deposited in a public repository for further analysis and exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeim Lee
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoang Bao Khanh Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Taek Oh
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sejoon Lee
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heung-Kwon Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hwan Park
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jisu Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jisun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sheehyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeran Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Seok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; LepiDyne Co., Ltd., Seoul 04779, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Ok Yang
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kil-Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhai P, Zhang H, Li Q, Yang M, Guo Y, Xing C. DNMT1-mediated NR3C1 DNA methylation enables transcription activation of connexin40 and augments angiogenesis during colorectal cancer progression. Gene 2024; 892:147887. [PMID: 37813207 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. Connexin 40 (CX40) is one of the major gap junction proteins with the capacity in regulating cell-to-cell communication and angiogenesis. This study investigates its role in angiogenesis in CRC and explores the regulatory mechanism. Aberrant high CX40 expression was detected in tumor tissues, which was associated with a poor prognosis in CRC patients. Elevated CX40 expression was detected in CRC cell lines as well. Conditioned medium of SW620 and HT29 cell lines was used to induce angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CX40 knockdown in CRC cells reduced angiogenesis and mobility of HUVECs and blocked CRC cell proliferation, mobility, and survival. Following bioinformatics predictions, we validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays that nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), which was poorly expressed in CRC samples, suppressed CX40 transcription. The poor NR3C1 expression was attributive to DNA hypermethylation induced by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Restoration of NR3C1 suppressed the pro-angiogenic effect, proliferation and survival, and tumorigenic activity of CRC cells, which were, however, rescued by CX40 upregulation. Collectively, this study demonstrates that transcription activation of CX40 upon DNMT1-mediated NR3C1 DNA methylation potentiates angiogenesis in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing 211200, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Gerneral Surgery, The Second Afilliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunhu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang SS, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C. DNA Methylation Signatures of Response to Conventional Synthetic and Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1987. [PMID: 37509625 PMCID: PMC10377185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex condition that displays heterogeneity in disease severity and response to standard treatments between patients. Failure rates for conventional, target synthetic, and biologic disease-modifying rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are significant. Although there are models for predicting patient response, they have limited accuracy, require replication/validation, or for samples to be obtained through a synovial biopsy. Thus, currently, there are no prediction methods approved for routine clinical use. Previous research has shown that genetics and environmental factors alone cannot explain the differences in response between patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and disease progression of RA. Importantly, specific DNA methylation profiles associated with response to conventional, target synthetic, and biologic DMARDs have been found in the blood of RA patients and could potentially function as predictive biomarkers. This review will summarize and evaluate the evidence for DNA methylation signatures in treatment response mainly in blood but also learn from the progress made in the diseased tissue in cancer in comparison to RA and autoimmune diseases. We will discuss the benefits and challenges of using DNA methylation signatures as predictive markers and the potential for future progress in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Siyu Wang
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts Health NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts Health NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts Health NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
la Torre A, Lo Vecchio F, Greco A. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081163. [PMID: 37190071 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable outcome of life, characterized by a progressive decline in tissue and organ function. At a molecular level, it is marked by the gradual alterations of biomolecules. Indeed, important changes are observed on the DNA, as well as at a protein level, that are influenced by both genetic and environmental parameters. These molecular changes directly contribute to the development or progression of several human pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders and others aging-related diseases. Additionally, they increase the risk of mortality. Therefore, deciphering the hallmarks of aging represents a possibility for identifying potential druggable targets to attenuate the aging process, and then the age-related comorbidities. Given the link between aging, genetic, and epigenetic alterations, and given the reversible nature of epigenetic mechanisms, the precisely understanding of these factors may provide a potential therapeutic approach for age-related decline and disease. In this review, we center on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and their aging-associated changes, highlighting their inferences in age-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria la Torre
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Filomena Lo Vecchio
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou L, Pan LZ, Fan YJ. DNMT3b affects colorectal cancer development by regulating FLI1 through DNA hypermethylation. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:364-376. [PMID: 36655868 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Friend leukemia integration 1 (FLI1) is an ETS transcription factor family member. Here, we identified cg11017065 as the most hyper-methylated cytosine and guanine (CpG) in colorectal cancer (CRC), which belongs to the FLI1 gene. Moreover, integrated bioinformatics prediction and analysis of our cohort showed that FLI1 expression was downregulated and DNA methylation was elevated in CRC. Bioinformatics prediction also indicated that patients overexpressing FLI1 had higher survival rates than those with low FLI1 expression. CRC cells with ectopic expression of FLI1 had reduced invasion, migration, cloning ability and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, DNA-methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) was found to be significantly overexpressed in CRC, and low DNMT3b expression predicted a prolonged survival. DNMT3b bound to the FLI1 promoter. Inhibition of DNMT3b increased FLI1 expression and inhibited the malignant phenotype of CRC cells. Inhibition of FLI1 reversed the phenotypic modulation by DNMT3b depletion in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data indicate that DNMT3b potentiates CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through downregulating FLI1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhen Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Juan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen CY, Wu JJ, Lin YJ, Hsu CH, Hu JM, Chang PK, Sun CA, Yang T, Su JQ, Chou YC. Significance of Hypermethylation of Tumor-Suppressor Genes PTGER4 and ZNF43 at CpG Sites in the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810225. [PMID: 36142151 PMCID: PMC9499344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The status of DNA methylation in primary tumor tissue and adjacent tumor-free tissue is associated with the occurrence of aggressive colorectal cancer (CRC) and can aid personalized cancer treatments at early stages. Tumor tissue and matched adjacent nontumorous tissue were extracted from 208 patients with CRC, and the correlation between the methylation levels of PTGER4 and ZNF43 at certain CpG loci and the prognostic factors of CRC was determined using the MassARRAY System testing platform. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a Chi-square test, and McNemar’s test were used for group comparisons, and Kaplan–Meier curves and a log-rank test were used for prediction. The hypermethylation of PTGER4 at the CpG_4, CpG_5, CpG_15, and CpG_17 tumor tissue sites was strongly correlated with shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38–7.73 for RFS, HR = 2.35 and 95% CI = 1.17–4.71 for PFS, HR = 4.32 and 95% CI = 1.8–10.5 for OS]. By contrast, RFS and PFS were significantly longer in the case of increased methylation of ZNF43 at the CpG_5 site of normal tissue [HR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.07–5.08 for RFS, HR = 2.42 and 95% CI = 1.19–4.91 for PFS]. Aberrant methylation at specific CpG sites indicates tissue with aggressive behavior. Therefore, the differential methylation of PTGER4 and ZNF43 at specific loci can be employed for the prognosis of patients with CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yang Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jheng Wu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jyun Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ming Hu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Kai Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Tsan Yang
- Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Quan Su
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Q.S.); (Y.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3422121 (ext. 78058) (J.-Q.S.); +886-2-87923100 (ext. 18437) (Y.-C.C.); Fax: +886-7-3468056 (J.-Q.S.); +886-2-87923147 (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Q.S.); (Y.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3422121 (ext. 78058) (J.-Q.S.); +886-2-87923100 (ext. 18437) (Y.-C.C.); Fax: +886-7-3468056 (J.-Q.S.); +886-2-87923147 (Y.-C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Parmar S, Easwaran H. Genetic and epigenetic dependencies in colorectal cancer development. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac035. [PMID: 35975243 PMCID: PMC9373935 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have mapped key genetic changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) that impact important pathways contributing to the multistep models for CRC initiation and development. In parallel with genetic changes, normal and cancer tissues harbor epigenetic alterations impacting regulation of critical genes that have been shown to play profound roles in the tumor initiation. Cumulatively, these molecular changes are only loosely associated with heterogenous transcriptional programs, reflecting the heterogeneity in the various CRC molecular subtypes and the paths to CRC development. Studies from mapping molecular alterations in early CRC lesions and use of experimental models suggest that the intricate dependencies of various genetic and epigenetic hits shape the early development of CRC via different pathways and its manifestation into various CRC subtypes. We highlight the dependency of epigenetic and genetic changes in driving CRC development and discuss factors affecting epigenetic alterations over time and, by extension, risk for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehej Parmar
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hariharan Easwaran
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fatemi N, Tierling S, Es HA, Varkiani M, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Walter J, Totonchi M. DNA Methylation Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Applications for Precision Medicine. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:2068-2081. [PMID: 35730647 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide that is attributed to gradual long-term accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic changes. To reduce the mortality rate of CRC and to improve treatment efficacy, it will be important to develop accurate noninvasive diagnostic tests for screening, acute, and personalized diagnosis. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation play an important role in the development and progression of CRC. Over the last decade, a panel of DNA methylation markers has been reported showing a high accuracy and reproducibility in various semi-invasive or noninvasive biosamples. Research to obtain comprehensive panels of markers allowing a highly sensitive and differentiating diagnosis of CRC is ongoing. Moreover, the epigenetic alterations for cancer therapy, as a precision medicine strategy will increase their therapeutic potential over time. Here, we discuss the current state of DNA methylation-based biomarkers and their impact on CRC diagnosis. We emphasize the need to further identify and stratify methylation-biomarkers and to develop robust and effective detection methods that are applicable for a routine clinical setting of CRC diagnostics particularly at the early stage of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayeralsadat Fatemi
- Basic & Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Life Sciences, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Maryam Varkiani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic & Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Life Sciences, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Basic & Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mersakova S, Janikova K, Kalman M, Marcinek J, Grendar M, Vojtko M, Kycina R, Pindura M, Janik J, Mikolajcik P, Gabonova E, Laca L, Mejstrikova E, Halasova E, Strnadel J, Lasabova Z. Cancer stem cell marker expression and methylation status in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 24. [PMID: 35720495 PMCID: PMC9185140 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) has been on an alarming upward trajectory over the past decade. In some countries, this cancer represents one of the most frequently diagnosed types of neoplasia. Therefore, it is an important demand to study the pathology underlying this disease to gain insights into the mechanism of resistance to treatment. Resistance of tumors to chemotherapy and tumor aggressiveness have been associated with a minor population of neoplastic cells, which are considered to be responsible for tumor recurrence. These types of neoplastic cells are known as cancer stem cells, which have been previously reported to serve an important role in pathogenesis of this malignant disease. Slovakia has one of the highest incidence rates of CRC worldwide. In the present study, the aim was to classify the abundance of selected stem cell markers (CD133, CD166 and Lgr5) in CRC tumors using flow cytometry. In addition, the methylation status of selected genomic regions of CRC biomarkers (ADAMTS16, MGMT, PROM1 (CD133), LGR5 and ALCAM) was investigated by pyrosequencing in a cohort of patients from Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia. Samples from both primary tumors and metastatic tumors were tested. Analysis of DNA methylation in the genomic regions of indicated five CRC biomarkers was also performed, which revealed the highest levels of methylation in the A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 16 and O6-methyguanine-DNA methyl transferase genes, whereas the lowest levels of methylation were found in genes expressing prominin-1, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule. Furthermore, tumor tissues from metastases showed significantly higher levels of CD133+ cells compared with that in primary tumors. Higher levels of CD133+ cells correlated with TNM stage and the invasiveness of CRC into the lymphatic system. Although relatively small number of samples was processed, CD133 marker was consider to be important marker in pathology of CRC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Oryani MA, Tavasoli A, Ghalavand MA, Ashtiani RZ, Rezaee A, Mahmoudi R, Golvari H, Owrangi S, Soleymani-Goloujeh M. Epigenetics and its therapeutic potential in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2022; 14:683-697. [PMID: 35473313 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death around the globe. 'Epigenetics' refers to changes in the chromosome rather than the DNA sequence, which may be transmitted down to daughter cells. Epigenetics is an essential part of controlling the development and variation of a single cell. ncRNAs have a role in epigenetic regulation in CRC, which will be discussed in this review in the context of DNA methylation and histone modifications. A greater survival rate for CRC patients might be achieved by addressing epigenetic mediators, as the authors show. In this review, they aim to thoroughly examine the role of epigenetics in the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Tavasoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Ghalavand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alisam Rezaee
- Faculty of Medical Sciences & Technologies, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Golvari
- School of Nursing & Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soroor Owrangi
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soleymani-Goloujeh
- Department of Stem Cells & Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Su MW, Chang CK, Lin CW, Chu HW, Tsai TN, Su WC, Chen YC, Chang TK, Huang CW, Tsai HL, Wu CC, Chou HC, Shiu BH, Wang JY. Genomic and Metabolomic Landscape of Right-Sided and Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer: Potential Preventive Biomarkers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030527. [PMID: 35159336 PMCID: PMC8834628 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates of CRC are significantly higher in Taiwan than in other developed countries. Genes involved in CRC tumorigenesis differ depending on whether the tumor occurs on the left or right side of the colon, and genomic analysis is a keystone in the study and treatment of CRC subtypes. However, few studies have focused on the genetic landscape of Taiwanese patients with CRC. This study comprehensively analyzed the genomes of 141 Taiwanese patients with CRC through whole-exome sequencing. Significant genomic differences related to the site of CRC development were observed. Blood metabolomic profiling and polygenic risk score analysis were performed to identify potential biomarkers for the early identification and prevention of CRC in the Taiwanese population. Our findings provide vital clues for establishing population-specific treatments and health policies for CRC prevention in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-W.S.); (C.-K.C.); (C.-W.L.); ho (H.-W.C.)
| | - Chung-Ke Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-W.S.); (C.-K.C.); (C.-W.L.); ho (H.-W.C.)
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-W.S.); (C.-K.C.); (C.-W.L.); ho (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-W.S.); (C.-K.C.); (C.-W.L.); ho (H.-W.C.)
| | - Tsen-Ni Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-N.T.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (T.-K.C.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-L.T.)
| | - Wei-Chih Su
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-N.T.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (T.-K.C.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-L.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-N.T.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (T.-K.C.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-L.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kun Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-N.T.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (T.-K.C.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-L.T.)
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-N.T.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (T.-K.C.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-L.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-N.T.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (T.-K.C.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-L.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chieh Wu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Keelung Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Keelung 20042, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Chi Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (B.-H.S.)
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Bei-Hao Shiu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (B.-H.S.)
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-N.T.); (W.-C.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (T.-K.C.); (C.-W.H.); (H.-L.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
- Correspondence: & ; Tel.: +886-7-312-2805
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen P, Yeh Y, Lin B, Chan R, Su P, Liu Y, Lee C, Chen S, Lin P. A Prediction Model for Tumor Recurrence in Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer Patients: From a Machine Learning Model to Genomic Profiling. Biomedicines 2022; 10:340. [PMID: 35203549 PMCID: PMC8961774 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases worldwide. Risk prediction for tumor recurrence is important for making effective treatment decisions and for the survival outcomes of patients with CRC after surgery. Herein, we aimed to explore a prediction algorithm and the risk factors for postoperative tumor recurrence using a machine learning (ML) approach with standardized pathology reports for patients with stage II and III CRC. Methods: Pertinent clinicopathological features were compiled from medical records and standardized pathology reports of patients with stage II and III CRC. Four ML models based on logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), classification and regression decision trees (CARTs), and support vector machine (SVM) were applied for the development of the prediction algorithm. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ML models was determined in order to compare the prediction accuracy. Genomic studies were performed using a panel-targeted next-generation sequencing approach. Results: A total of 1073 patients who received curative intent surgery at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital between January 2004 and January 2019 were included. Based on conventional statistical methods, chemotherapy (p = 0.003), endophytic tumor configuration (p = 0.008), TNM stage III disease (p < 0.001), pT4 (p < 0.001), pN2 (p < 0.001), increased numbers of lymph node metastases (p < 0.001), higher lymph node ratios (LNR) (p < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001), perineural invasion (p < 0.001), tumor budding (p = 0.004), and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.025) were found to be correlated with the tumor recurrence of patients with stage II–III CRC. While comparing the performance of different ML models for predicting cancer recurrence, the AUCs for LR, RF, CART, and SVM were found to be 0.678, 0.639, 0.593, and 0.581, respectively. The LR model had a better accuracy value of 0.87 and a specificity value of 1 in the testing set. Two prognostic factors, age and LNR, were selected by multivariable analysis and the four ML models. In terms of age, older patients received fewer cycles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (p < 0.001). Right-sided colon tumors (p = 0.002), larger tumor sizes (p = 0.008) and tumor volumes (p = 0.049), TNM stage II disease (p < 0.001), and advanced pT3–4 stage diseases (p = 0.04) were found to be correlated with the older age of patients. However, pN2 diseases (p = 0.005), lymph node metastasis number (p = 0.001), LNR (p = 0.004), perineural invasion (p = 0.018), and overall survival rate (p < 0.001) were found to be decreased in older patients. Furthermore, PIK3CA and DNMT3A mutations (p = 0.032 and 0.039, respectively) were more frequently found in older patients with stage II–III CRC compared to their younger counterparts. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that ML models have a comparable predictive power for determining cancer recurrence in patients with stage II–III CRC after surgery. Advanced age and high LNR were significant risk factors for cancer recurrence, as determined by ML algorithms and multivariable analyses. Distinctive genomic profiles may contribute to discrete clinical behaviors and survival outcomes between patients of different age groups. Studies incorporating complete molecular and genomic profiles in cancer prediction models are beneficial for patients with stage II–III CRC.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chatterjee B, Ghosh K, Swain A, Nalla KK, Ravula H, Pan A, Kanade SR. The phytochemical brazilin suppress DNMT1 expression by recruiting p53 to its promoter resulting in the epigenetic restoration of p21 in MCF7cells. Phytomedicine 2022; 95:153885. [PMID: 34920321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is an outcome of uncontrolled cell division eventually associated with dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation. DNA methyltransferase 1 is ubiquitously expressed in the proliferating cells and is essential for the maintenance of DNA methylation. It causes the abnormal silencing of tumor suppressor genes in human cancer which is necessary for proliferation, cell cycle progression, and survival. DNMT1 is involved in tumorigenesis of several cancers, its upregulation potentially upscale the promoter level inactivation of transcription of a tumor inhibitory gene by introducing repressive methylation marks on the CpG islands. This epigenetic perturbation caused by DNMT is targeted for cancer therapeutics. PURPOSE To demonstrate the proliferative inhibitory potential of brazilin in human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) with concurrent mitigation of DNMT1 functional expression and to understand its effect on downstream targets like cell cycle inhibitor p21. STUDY DESIGN/ METHODS The impact of brazilin on the growth and proliferation of the MCF-7 cells was determined using the XTT assay. The global DNA 5-methyl cytosine methylation pattern was analyzed upon brazilin treatment. The gene and protein expression of DNMTs were determined with quantitative RTPCR and western blots respectively. The potential binding sites of transcription factors in the human DNMT1 promoter were predicted using the MatInspector tool on the Genomatix software. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was performed to demonstrate the transcription factors occupancy at the promoter. Methylation of promoter CpG islands was determined by the methylation-specific PCR (MSP) upon brazilin treatment. The molecular docking of the human DNMT1 with brazilin (ligand) was performed using the Schrödinger suite. RESULTS The heterotetracyclic compound brazilin, present in the wood of Caesalpinia sappan, inhibited the proliferation of the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and reduced the DNMT1 expression with a decrease in global DNA methylation. Brazilin, by activating p38 MAPK and elevating p53 levels within the exposed cells. The elevated level of p53 enriched the occupancy at binding sites within 200 bp upstream to the transcription start site in the DNMT1 promoter, resulting in reduced DNMT1 gene expression. Furthermore, the brazilin restored the p21 levels in the exposed cells as the CpGs in the p21 promoter (-128 bp/+17 bp) were significantly demethylated as observed in the methylation-specific PCR (MSP). CONCLUSION Highly potential anti-proliferative molecule brazilin can modulate the DNMT1 functional expression and restore the cell cycle inhibitor p21expression. We propose that brazilin can be used in therapeutic interventions to restore the deregulated epigenetic mechanisms in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biji Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod-671316, Kerala, India
| | - Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod-671316, Kerala, India
| | - Aishwarya Swain
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605014, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Nalla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
| | - Haritha Ravula
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India
| | - Archana Pan
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605014, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial and multistage process that occurs due to both genetic and epigenetic variations in normal epithelial cells. Analysis of the CRC epigenome has revealed that almost all CRC types have a large number of abnormally methylated genes. Hypermethylation of cell‑free DNA from CRC in the blood or stool is considered as a potential non‑invasive cancer biomarker, and various methylation markers have shown high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of the present review was to examine potential methylation markers in CRC that have been used or are expected to be used in the clinical setting, focusing on their screening, predictive, prognostic and therapeutic roles in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Kong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang A, Xu Q, Sha R, Bao T, Xi X, Guo G. MicroRNA-29a inhibits cell proliferation and arrests cell cycle by modulating p16 methylation in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:272. [PMID: 33717269 PMCID: PMC7885157 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy. Accumulating evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the function and underlying molecular mechanism of microRNA (miRNA/miR)-29a in cervical cancer. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and methylation-specific PCR were used to examine the expression of miR-29a and methylated status of p16 promoter, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 analysis and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell viability and cycle, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction between miR-29a and its targets. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT)3A and DNMT3B. The results demonstrated that miR-29a expression was downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cells, and negatively correlated with p16 promoter hypermethylation. Furthermore, cell experiments confirmed that miR-29a suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in HeLa and C-33A cells. Mechanically, miR-29a restored normal methylation pattern of the p16 gene by sponging DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated the epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor p16 by miR-29a as a unique mechanism, thus providing a rationale for the development of miRNA-based strategies in the treatment of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qiying Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810100, P.R. China
| | - Rengaowa Sha
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810100, P.R. China
| | - Tonghui Bao
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Xi
- Department of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, P.R. China
| | - Guilan Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fatma H, Maurya SK, Siddique HR. Epigenetic modifications of c-MYC: Role in cancer cell reprogramming, progression and chemoresistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020:S1044-579X(20)30242-X. [PMID: 33220458 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms intimately regulate cancer development and chemoresistance. Different genetic alterations are observed in multiple genes, and most are irreversible. Aside from genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in cancer. The reversible nature of epigenetic modifications makes them an attractive target for cancer prevention and therapy. Specific epigenetic alteration is also being investigated as a potential biomarker in multiple cancers. c-MYC is one of the most important transcription factors that are centrally implicated in multiple types of cancer cells reprogramming, proliferation, and chemoresistance. c-MYC shows not only genetic alterations but epigenetic changes in multiple cancers. It has been observed that epigenome aberrations can reversibly alter the expression of c-MYC, both transcriptional and translational levels. Understanding the underlying mechanism of the epigenetic alterations of c-MYC, that has its role in multiple levels of cancer pathogenesis, can give a better understanding of various unresolved questions regarding cancer. Recently, some researchers reported that targeting the epigenetic modifiers of c-MYC can successfully inhibit cancer cell proliferation, sensitize the chemoresistant cells, and increase the patient survival rate. As c-MYC is an important transcription factor, epigenetic therapy might be one of the best alternatives for the conventional therapies that assumes the "one-size-fits-all" role. It can also increase the precision of targeting and enhance the effectiveness of treatments among various cancer subtypes. In this review, we highlighted the role of epigenetically modified c-MYC in cancer cell reprogramming, progression, and chemoresistance. We also summarize the potential therapeutic approaches to target these modifications for the prevention of cancer development and chemoresistant phenotypes.
Collapse
|
21
|
曹 圆, 许 凯, 陈 玢, 王 奕, 李 炳, 李 朝, 徐 鹏. [Expression of DNMT3b in human bladder cancer tissue and its correlation with clinical prognosis]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2020; 40:1295-1300. [PMID: 32990224 PMCID: PMC7544589 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.09.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of DNMT3b in human bladder cancer tissues and its correlation with postoperative survival of patients with bladder cancer. METHODS Thirty-eight pairs of surgically resected human bladder cancer tissues and adjacent bladder tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry for DNMT3b expression, and the correlations of DNMT3b expression level were analyzed with the patients'age, gender, pathological grade, tumor size, T stage, lymph node metastasis and TNM stages. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to assess the effect of DNMT3b expression on survival outcomes of the patients. RESULTS High DNMT3b protein expression was detected in 63.16% of the bladder cancer tissues and in 13.16% of the adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). The expression level of DNMT3b was associated with the pathological grade (P=0.002), tumor size (P < 0.001), T stage (P < 0.001), lymphatic metastasis (P=0.039) and TNM stage (P < 0.001), but not with gender or age of the patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the protein expression level of DNMT3b was correlated with tumor size (P=0.008) and TNM grades of the tumor (P=0.042). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the patients with a high DNMT3b expression had a significantly shorter overall survival than those with a low DNMT3b expression (P=0.021). CONCLUSIONS DNMT3b overexpression in bladder cancer is closely related to such clinicopathological factors as pathological grade, tumor size, T stage, lymphatic metastasis, and TNM stage and a shorter overall survival of the patients, suggesting the potential value of DNMT3b as a prognostic marker and a new therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 圆 曹
- />南方医科大学珠江医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510282Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 凯 许
- />南方医科大学珠江医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510282Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 玢屾 陈
- />南方医科大学珠江医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510282Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 奕铭 王
- />南方医科大学珠江医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510282Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 炳坤 李
- />南方医科大学珠江医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510282Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 朝明 李
- />南方医科大学珠江医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510282Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 鹏 徐
- />南方医科大学珠江医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510282Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Caja F, Vodickova L, Kral J, Vymetalkova V, Naccarati A, Vodicka P. DNA Mismatch Repair Gene Variants in Sporadic Solid Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5561. [PMID: 32756484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the development of sporadic solid cancers are still scarce. The aim of this review was to summarise and analyse published data on the associations between SNPs in mismatch repair genes and various cancers. The mismatch repair system plays a unique role in the control of the genetic integrity and it is often inactivated (germline and somatic mutations and hypermethylation) in cancer patients. Here, we focused on germline variants in mismatch repair genes and found the outcomes rather controversial: some SNPs are sometimes ascribed as protective, while other studies reported their pathological effects. Regarding the complexity of cancer as one disease, we attempted to ascertain if particular polymorphisms exert the effect in the same direction in the development and treatment of different malignancies, although it is still not straightforward to conclude whether polymorphisms always play a clear positive role or a negative one. Most recent and robust genome-wide studies suggest that risk of cancer is modulated by variants in mismatch repair genes, for example in colorectal cancer. Our study shows that rs1800734 in MLH1 or rs2303428 in MSH2 may influence the development of different malignancies. The lack of functional studies on many DNA mismatch repair SNPs as well as their interactions are not explored yet. Notably, the concerted action of more variants in one individual may be protective or harmful. Further, complex interactions of DNA mismatch repair variations with both the environment and microenvironment in the cancer pathogenesis will deserve further attention.
Collapse
|
23
|
Filip S, Vymetalkova V, Petera J, Vodickova L, Kubecek O, John S, Cecka F, Krupova M, Manethova M, Cervena K, Vodicka P. Distant Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer Patients-Do We Have New Predicting Clinicopathological and Molecular Biomarkers? A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5255. [PMID: 32722130 PMCID: PMC7432613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a serious health problem worldwide. Approximately half of patients will develop distant metastasis after CRC resection, usually with very poor prognosis afterwards. Because patient performance after distant metastasis surgery remains very heterogeneous, ranging from death within 2 years to a long-term cure, there is a clinical need for a precise risk stratification of patients to aid pre- and post-operative decisions. Furthermore, around 20% of identified CRC cases are at IV stage disease, known as a metastatic CRC (mCRC). In this review, we overview possible molecular and clinicopathological biomarkers that may provide prognostic and predictive information for patients with distant metastasis. These may comprise sidedness of the tumor, molecular profile and epigenetic characteristics of the primary tumor and arising metastatic CRC, and early markers reflecting cancer cell resistance in mCRC and biomarkers identified from transcriptome. This review discusses current stage in employment of these biomarkers in clinical practice as well as summarizes current experience in identifying predictive biomarkers in mCRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Filip
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Šimkova 870, 50001 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (O.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (L.V.); (K.C.)
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Petera
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Šimkova 870, 50001 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (O.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (L.V.); (K.C.)
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kubecek
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Šimkova 870, 50001 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (O.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Stanislav John
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Šimkova 870, 50001 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (O.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Filip Cecka
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Marketa Krupova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Monika Manethova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Klara Cervena
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (L.V.); (K.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (L.V.); (K.C.)
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|