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Salnikov MY, MacNeil KM, Mymryk JS. The viral etiology of EBV-associated gastric cancers contributes to their unique pathology, clinical outcomes, treatment responses and immune landscape. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358511. [PMID: 38596668 PMCID: PMC11002251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a pathogen known to cause a number of malignancies, often taking years for them to develop after primary infection. EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is one such malignancy, and is an immunologically, molecularly and pathologically distinct entity from EBV-negative gastric cancer (EBVnGC). In comparison with EBVnGCs, EBVaGCs overexpress a number of immune regulatory genes to help form an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), have improved prognosis, and overall have an "immune-hot" phenotype. This review provides an overview of the histopathology, clinical features and clinical outcomes of EBVaGCs. We also summarize the differences between the TMEs of EBVaGCs and EBVnGCs, which includes significant differences in cell composition and immune infiltration. A list of available EBVaGC and EBVnGC gene expression datasets and computational tools are also provided within this review. Finally, an overview is provided of the various chemo- and immuno-therapeutics available in treating gastric cancers (GCs), with a focus on EBVaGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y. Salnikov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katelyn M. MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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2
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Zhang Y, Guo W, Zhan Z, Bai O. Carcinogenic mechanisms of virus-associated lymphoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361009. [PMID: 38482011 PMCID: PMC10932979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of lymphoma is a complex multistep process that integrates numerous experimental findings and clinical data that have not yet yielded a definitive explanation. Studies of oncogenic viruses can help to deepen insight into the pathogenesis of lymphoma, and identifying associations between lymphoma and viruses that are established and unidentified should lead to cellular and pharmacologically targeted antiviral strategies for treating malignant lymphoma. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of lymphomas associated with hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus to clarify the current status of basic information and recent advances in the development of virus-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ou Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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3
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Jin J, Sun T, Zhang M, Cheng J, Gu J, Huang L, Xiao M, Zhou J, Luo H. EBV-Encoded MicroRNA-BART17-3p Targets DDX3X and Promotes EBV Infection in EBV-Associated T/Natural Killer-Cell Lymphoproliferative Diseases. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad516. [PMID: 38023563 PMCID: PMC10652706 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persistently infects T/natural killer (NK) cells causing an array of refractory EBV-associated T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. EBV-encoded microRNAs are important regulators for EBV latent infection and tumorigenesis. However, the roles of most EBV microRNAs in EBV-infected T/NK cells remain poorly understood. Methods On the basis of a search of the doRiNA database and the BiBiServ2-RNAhybrid website, we predicted that EBV-miR-BART17-3p targeted DDX3X, and we verified the hypothesis by dual-luciferase reporter assay and cell function experiments. In addition, we collected 50 EBV-positive T-, B-, and NK-cell samples from the peripheral blood of EBV-positive cases to examine the role of EBV-miR-BART17-3p in the disease. Results We found that EBV-miR-BART17-3p directly targeted DDX3X and downregulated DDX3X expression. By analyzing EBV-positive cell samples from cell lines and patients, we found that EBV-miR-BART17-3p was highly expressed only in EBV-positive NK cells and that the overexpression was significantly related to high EBV loads in EBV-infected NK cells. Furthermore, we found that EBV-miR-BART17-3p downregulated the RIG-I-like receptor antiviral pathway and promoted the expression of EBV-encoded proteins in EBV-infected NK cells by targeting DDX3X. Conclusions Our study showed that EBV-miR-BART17-3p was abundantly expressed in EBV-infected NK cells and inhibited the important antivirus immune responses of hosts by targeting DDX3X of the RIG-I-like receptor pathway. These findings could help us gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying EBV-associated T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and find the potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Elkhalifa AME, Nabi SU, Shah OS, Bashir SM, Muzaffer U, Ali SI, Wani IA, Alzerwi NAN, Elderdery AY, Alanazi A, Alenazy FO, Alharbi AHA. Insight into Oncogenic Viral Pathways as Drivers of Viral Cancers: Implication for Effective Therapy. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1924-1944. [PMID: 36826111 PMCID: PMC9955780 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As per a recent study conducted by the WHO, 15.4% of all cancers are caused by infectious agents of various categories, and more than 10% of them are attributed to viruses. The emergence of COVID-19 has once again diverted the scientific community's attention toward viral diseases. Some researchers have postulated that SARS-CoV-2 will add its name to the growing list of oncogenic viruses in the long run. However, owing to the complexities in carcinogenesis of viral origin, researchers across the world are struggling to identify the common thread that runs across different oncogenic viruses. Classical pathways of viral oncogenesis have identified oncogenic mediators in oncogenic viruses, but these mediators have been reported to act on diverse cellular and multiple omics pathways. In addition to viral mediators of carcinogenesis, researchers have identified various host factors responsible for viral carcinogenesis. Henceforth owing to viral and host complexities in viral carcinogenesis, a singular mechanistic pathway remains yet to be established; hence there is an urgent need to integrate concepts from system biology, cancer microenvironment, evolutionary perspective, and thermodynamics to understand the role of viruses as drivers of cancer. In the present manuscript, we provide a holistic view of the pathogenic pathways involved in viral oncogenesis with special emphasis on alteration in the tumor microenvironment, genomic alteration, biological entropy, evolutionary selection, and host determinants involved in the pathogenesis of viral tumor genesis. These concepts can provide important insight into viral cancers, which can have an important implication for developing novel, effective, and personalized therapeutic options for treating viral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti 1158, Sudan
- Correspondence:
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ovais Shabir Shah
- Department of Sheep Husbandry Kashmir, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 182301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Umar Muzaffer
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College and Associated Hospital, Srinagar 190010, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Clinical Research Laboratory, SKIMS, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nasser A. N. Alzerwi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abozer Y. Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadh Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz O. Alenazy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Begić V, Korać P, Gašparov S, Rozman M, Simicic P, Zidovec-Lepej S. Molecular Characterisation of Epstein-Barr Virus in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasia associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV, considered to be an important etiological co-factor in approximately 1% of human malignancies, can be classified into two genotypes based on EBNA-2, EBNA-3A and EBNA-3C sequences, and into genetic variants based on the sequence variation of the gene coding for the LMP1 protein. Here, we present the results on the distribution of EBV genotypes 1 and 2 as well as LMP1 gene variants in 50 patients with EBV-positive classical HL selected from a cohort of 289 histologically verified cases collected over a 9-year period in a tertiary clinical center in the Southeast of Europe. The population-based sequencing of the EBNA-3C gene showed the exclusive presence of EBV genotype 1 in all cHL samples. The analysis of EBV LMP1 variant distribution showed a predominance of the wild-type strain B95-8 and the Mediterranean subtype with 30 bp deletion. These findings could contribute to the understanding of EBV immunobiology in cHL as well as to the development of a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine.
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6
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Le TAH, Lao TD. Circulating microRNAs as the Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1160. [PMID: 35885944 PMCID: PMC9318750 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are endogenous non-coding miRNAs, 19–25 nucleotides in length, that can be detected in the extracellular environment in stable forms, named circulating miRNAs (CIR-miRNAs). Since the first discovery of CIR-miRNAs, a large number of studies have demonstrated that the abnormal changes in its expression could be used to significantly distinguish nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from healthy cells. We herein reviewed and highlighted recent advances in the study of CIR-miRNAs in NPC, which pointed out the main components serving as promising and effective biomarkers for NPC diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, brief descriptions of its origin and unique characteristics are provided.
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7
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Campbell AM, De La Cruz-Herrera CF, Marcon E, Greenblatt J, Frappier L. Epstein-Barr Virus BGLF2 commandeers RISC to interfere with cellular miRNA function. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010235. [PMID: 35007297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BGLF2 protein is a tegument protein with multiple effects on the cellular environment, including induction of SUMOylation of cellular proteins. Using affinity-purification coupled to mass-spectrometry, we identified the miRNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC), essential for miRNA function, as a top interactor of BGLF2. We confirmed BGLF2 interaction with the Ago2 and TNRC6 components of RISC in multiple cell lines and their co-localization in cytoplasmic bodies that also contain the stress granule marker G3BP1. In addition, BGLF2 expression led to the loss of processing bodies in multiple cell types, suggesting disruption of RISC function in mRNA regulation. Consistent with this observation, BGLF2 disrupted Ago2 association with multiple miRNAs. Using let-7 miRNAs as a model, we tested the hypothesis that BGLF2 interfered with the function of RISC in miRNA-mediated mRNA silencing. Using multiple reporter constructs with 3’UTRs containing let-7a regulated sites, we showed that BGLF2 inhibited let-7a miRNA activity dependent on these 3’UTRs, including those from SUMO transcripts which are known to be regulated by let-7 miRNAs. In keeping with these results, we showed that BGLF2 increased the cellular level of unconjugated SUMO proteins without affecting the level of SUMO transcripts. Such an increase in free SUMO is known to drive SUMOylation and would account for the effect of BGLF2 in inducing SUMOylation. We further showed that BGLF2 expression inhibited the loading of let-7 miRNAs into Ago2 proteins, and conversely, that lytic infection with EBV lacking BGLF2 resulted in increased interaction of let-7a and SUMO transcripts with Ago2, relative to WT EBV infection. Therefore, we have identified a novel role for BGLF2 as a miRNA regulator and shown that one outcome of this activity is the dysregulation of SUMO transcripts that leads to increased levels of free SUMO proteins and SUMOylation. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects most people worldwide, persists for life and is associated with several kinds of cancer. In order to undergo efficient lytic infection, EBV must manipulate multiple cellular pathways. BGLF2 is an EBV lytic protein known to modulate several cellular processes including increasing the modification of cellular proteins with the Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO), a process referred to as SUMOylation. Here we show for the first time that BGLF2 interacts with a cellular complex (RISC) required for miRNA function and interferes with the function of some cellular miRNAs by sequestering this complex. One of the consequences of this effect is the increased expression of SUMO proteins, due to inhibition of the miRNAs that normally downregulate their expression. The resulting increase in SUMO proteins drives SUMOylation, providing a mechanism for the previously reported BGLF2-induced SUMOylation of cellular proteins. In addition, the discovery of BGLF2 as a miRNA regulator suggests that this EBV protein can control many cellular pathways by interfering with cellular miRNAs that normally regulate them.
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8
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Tagawa T, Oh D, Santos J, Dremel S, Mahesh G, Uldrick TS, Yarchoan R, Kopardé VN, Ziegelbauer JM. Characterizing Expression and Regulation of Gamma-Herpesviral Circular RNAs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670542. [PMID: 34276603 PMCID: PMC8278476 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple herpesviruses have been recently found to encode viral circular RNAs. Like cellular circular RNAs, these RNAs lack poly-A tails and their 5' and 3' ends have been joined, which confers protection from RNA exonucleases. We examined the expression patterns of circular RNAs from Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) in various environments. We performed deep sequencing of circRNA-enriched total RNA from a KSHV-positive patient lymph node for comparison with previous circRNA-Seq results. We found that circvIRF4 is highly expressed in the KSHV-positive patient sample relative to both B cell lines and de novo infected primary vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Overall, this patient sample showed a viral circRNA expression pattern more similar to the pattern from B cell lines, but we also discovered new back-spliced junctions and additional viral circular RNAs in this patient sample. We validated some of these back-spliced junctions as circular RNAs with standard assays. Differential expression patterns of circular RNAs in different cell types led us to investigate what cellular factors might be influencing the ratio of viral linear mRNAs to circular RNAs. We found that repression of certain RNA-binding proteins shifted the balance between viral linear mRNAs and circular RNAs. Taken together, examining viral circular RNA expression patterns may become useful tools for discovering their functions, the regulators of their expression, and determining the stage and cell types of infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Tagawa
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel Oh
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jerico Santos
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Biological Models Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Sarah Dremel
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guruswamy Mahesh
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas S Uldrick
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vishal N Kopardé
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joseph M Ziegelbauer
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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9
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Wang H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Sun L, Zhao M, Luo B. Eukaryotic initiating factor eIF4E is targeted by EBV-encoded miR-BART11-3p and regulates cell cycle and apoptosis in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma. Virus Genes 2021; 57:358-368. [PMID: 34146250 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F, a significant complex in the protein translation process. It has been found to be closely related to many human tumors, such as gastric carcinoma. It is known that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) upregulates eIF4E in various ways in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, there are very few studies on eIF4E in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma. We found that the expression level of eIF4E in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma was lower than other types of gastric carcinoma, and the downregulation of eIF4E could lead to increased apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells, retardation at S phase, and decreased cell migration. The dual luciferase reporter experiment showed that EBV-miR-BART11-3p could directly target the 3'-UTR region of eIF4E, and BART11-3p is the key factor leading to the downregulation of eIF4E. It could provide a new evidence for EBV-regulating host gene to affect the development of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Sandong, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Sandong, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Sandong, PR China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Menghe Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Sandong, PR China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Sandong, PR China.
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10
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Li W, Yi W, Yang D, Li G. Epstein -Barr virus -encoded microRNAs involve in tumorigenesis and development. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 46:300-308. [PMID: 33927078 PMCID: PMC10929937 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.190744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a definite tumorigenic virus, is closely related to the development of nasopharyngeal cancer, gastric cancer, lymphoma and other tumors. EBV encodes a total of 44 mature microRNAs, which can regulate the expression of virus and host genes. EBV-encoded microRNAs and their regulated target molecules participate in the biological functions of tumor apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis during tumorigenesis and development, and play an important role in the development of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Guangdong 518000.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Weihong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Guangdong 518000
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Guangdong 518000
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Institute of Cancer Research, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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11
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Wang H, Liu W, Luo B. The roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in Epstein-Barr virus associated epithelial cell tumors. Virus Res 2020; 291:198217. [PMID: 33137402 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is highly prevalent in the population and is known to be associated with a variety of human tumors, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric cancer, and lymphoma; however, the mechanisms of EBV carcinogenesis remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed that many non-coding RNAs participate in the regulation of proliferation, migration, invasion, and other processes in EBV-associated tumor, and the interaction between ncRNAs and the potential target genes has gradually become a research hotspot. Therefore, here, we discuss the expression and roles of ncRNAs in EBV-associated epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266021, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266021, China.
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266021, China.
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12
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Abstract
In recent years, emerging evidence has suggested that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in nearly every aspect of biological processes and play a crucial role in the genesis and progression of numerous tumors, including B-cell lymphoma. The exploration of ncRNA dysregulations and their functions in B-cell lymphoma provides new insights into lymphoma pathogenesis and is essential for indicating future clinical trials and optimizing the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the role of ncRNAs in B-cell lymphoma and discuss their potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangbo Chu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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