1
|
Puljiz Z, Kumric M, Vrdoljak J, Martinovic D, Ticinovic Kurir T, Krnic MO, Urlic H, Puljiz Z, Zucko J, Dumanic P, Mikolasevic I, Bozic J. Obesity, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolome: From Pathophysiology to Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102236. [PMID: 37242119 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disorder identified by an inappropriate increase in weight in relation to height and is considered by many international health institutions to be a major pandemic of the 21st century. The gut microbial ecosystem impacts obesity in multiple ways that yield downstream metabolic consequences, such as affecting systemic inflammation, immune response, and energy harvest, but also the gut-host interface. Metabolomics, a systematized study of low-molecular-weight molecules that take part in metabolic pathways, represents a serviceable method for elucidation of the crosstalk between hosts' metabolism and gut microbiota. In the present review, we confer about clinical and preclinical studies exploring the association of obesity and related metabolic disorders with various gut microbiome profiles, and the effects of several dietary interventions on gut microbiome composition and the metabolome. It is well established that various nutritional interventions may serve as an efficient therapeutic approach to support weight loss in obese individuals, yet no agreement exists in regard to the most effective dietary protocol, both in the short and long term. However, metabolite profiling and the gut microbiota composition might represent an opportunity to methodically establish predictors for obesity control that are relatively simple to measure in comparison to traditional approaches, and it may also present a tool to determine the optimal nutritional intervention to ameliorate obesity in an individual. Nevertheless, a lack of adequately powered randomized trials impedes the application of observations to clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zivana Puljiz
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josip Vrdoljak
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Ozren Krnic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Urlic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Puljiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jurica Zucko
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Dumanic
- Medical Laboratory Diagnostic Division, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martinovic D, Tokic D, Usljebrka M, Lupi-Ferandin S, Cigic L, Vanjaka Rogosic L, Ercegovic S, Kontic M, Kumrić M, Rusic D, Vilovic M, Leskur M, Bozic J. The Association between the Level of Advanced Glycation End Products and Objective Skin Quality Parameters. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020256. [PMID: 36836618 PMCID: PMC9961659 DOI: 10.3390/life13020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) represent an endogenously produced or exogenously derived group of compounds derived from nonenzymatic glycation. Recent experimental studies are suggesting that AGEs could play an important role in the skin's quality and its aging process. Hence, the aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the AGEs and skin quality parameters across different age groups in the general population. The study included 237 participants. Melanin, erythema, hydration, friction and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were evaluated using noninvasive probes, while AGEs were evaluated using a skin autofluorescence reader. There was a significant positive correlation between AGEs and the amount of melanin (p < 0.001), erythema (p < 0.001) and TEWL (p < 0.001), while there was a significant negative correlation between AGEs and hydration (p < 0.001) and friction (p < 0.001). After dividing the sample into three groups depending on their age, in all three groups, there was a significant positive correlation between AGEs and the melanin count (p < 0.001) and TEWL (p < 0.001), while there was a significant negative correlation between AGEs and skin hydration (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the level of AGEs as a dependent variable retained a significant association with age (p < 0.001), melanin (p < 0.001), erythema (p = 0.005) and TEWL (p < 0.001) as positive predictors. Moreover, AGEs retained a significant association with skin hydration (p < 0.001) and friction (p = 0.017) as negative predictors. These outcomes imply that AGEs could be linked with the complex physiology of the skin and its aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Daria Tokic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mislav Usljebrka
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Slaven Lupi-Ferandin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Livia Cigic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Lucija Vanjaka Rogosic
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Private Dermatovenerology Clinic, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Sasa Ercegovic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mirko Kontic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marko Kumrić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Doris Rusic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marino Vilovic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mateo Leskur
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-557-871; Fax: +385-21-557-905
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren XH, Ye YW, He LP. Baseline differences may impact on relationship between dietary tryptophan and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:7617-7619. [PMID: 36158003 PMCID: PMC9353899 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i21.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we read with great interest an article reporting a relationship between dietary tryptophan and the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, baseline characteristics differed among tertiles of cumulative dietary tryptophan intake in that study, which may be a confounding factor for the relationship between dietary tryptophan and the risk of obesity and T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Ren
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ya-Wen Ye
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lian-Ping He
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vrdoljak J, Kumric M, Vilovic M, Martinovic D, Rogosic V, Borovac JA, Ticinovic Kurir T, Bozic J. Can Fasting Curb the Metabolic Syndrome Epidemic? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030456. [PMID: 35276815 PMCID: PMC8838760 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that includes hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Due to the high prevalence (around 1/3 of the world population) economic burden of MetS, there is a need for new dietary, lifestyle, and therapeutic options. Recently, fasting emerged as a dietary method proposed for controlling metabolic risk factors. Intermittent fasting (IF), or time-restricted feeding (TRF), describes an array of feeding patterns in which calorie intake is restricted to a specific time period. Hence, this review aimed to elucidate the latest data on MetS and explore the viability of simple management options, such as IF and TRF. Preclinical studies have shown how IF/TRF exerts beneficial effects on the gut microbiota, glucose and insulin metabolism, weight and visceral fat, and lipid metabolism. However, the results obtained from human studies are somewhat conflicting, as weight loss was achieved in all studies, whereas in some studies, there was no significant effect on insulin resistance, cholesterol/lipid metabolism, or blood pressure. Nevertheless, as only very few human studies were performed, there is a need for more randomized control trials on larger cohorts of patients with MetS to gather higher-yield evidence to clarify whether IF/TRF are suitable dietary patterns for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josip Vrdoljak
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.V.); (M.K.); (M.V.); (D.M.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.V.); (M.K.); (M.V.); (D.M.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Marino Vilovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.V.); (M.K.); (M.V.); (D.M.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.V.); (M.K.); (M.V.); (D.M.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Veljko Rogosic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josip A. Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.V.); (M.K.); (M.V.); (D.M.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.)
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.V.); (M.K.); (M.V.); (D.M.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.V.); (M.K.); (M.V.); (D.M.); (J.A.B.); (T.T.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|