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Chehelgerdi M, Behdarvand Dehkordi F, Chehelgerdi M, Kabiri H, Salehian-Dehkordi H, Abdolvand M, Salmanizadeh S, Rashidi M, Niazmand A, Ahmadi S, Feizbakhshan S, Kabiri S, Vatandoost N, Ranjbarnejad T. Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:189. [PMID: 38017433 PMCID: PMC10683363 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical and social implications, and the comparative analysis with other stem cell types for cancer treatment. The article will also discuss the applications of iPSCs in tumorigenesis, the future of iPSCs in tumorigenesis research, and highlight successful case studies utilizing iPSCs in tumorigenesis research. The conclusion will summarize the advancements made in iPSC-based tumorigenesis research and the importance of continued investment in iPSC research to unlock the full potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Behdarvand Dehkordi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdolvand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Salmanizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar-Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sara Feizbakhshan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saber Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Ranjbarnejad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Patel SA. Functional genomic approaches in acute myeloid leukemia: Insights into disease models and the therapeutic potential of reprogramming. Cancer Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Moreira A, Müller M, Costa PF, Kohl Y. Advanced In Vitro Lung Models for Drug and Toxicity Screening: The Promising Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2101139. [PMID: 34962104 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The substantial socioeconomic burden of lung diseases, recently highlighted by the disastrous impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accentuates the need for interventive treatments capable of decelerating disease progression, limiting organ damage, and contributing to a functional tissue recovery. However, this is hampered by the lack of accurate human lung research models, which currently fail to reproduce the human pulmonary architecture and biochemical environment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and organ-on-chip (OOC) technologies possess suitable characteristics for the generation of physiologically relevant in vitro lung models, allowing for developmental studies, disease modeling, and toxicological screening. Importantly, these platforms represent potential alternatives for animal testing, according to the 3Rs (replace, reduce, refine) principle, and hold promise for the identification and approval of new chemicals under the European REACH (registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals) framework. As such, this review aims to summarize recent progress made in human iPSC- and OOC-based in vitro lung models. A general overview of the present applications of in vitro lung models is presented, followed by a summary of currently used protocols to generate different lung cell types from iPSCs. Lastly, recently developed iPSC-based lung models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Müller
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Pedro F Costa
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany.,Postgraduate Course for Toxicology and Environmental Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 28, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Yucer N, Ahdoot R, Workman MJ, Laperle AH, Recouvreux MS, Kurowski K, Naboulsi DJ, Liang V, Qu Y, Plummer JT, Gayther SA, Orsulic S, Karlan BY, Svendsen CN. Human iPSC-derived fallopian tube organoids with BRCA1 mutation recapitulate early-stage carcinogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110146. [PMID: 34965417 PMCID: PMC9000920 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic mutations in BReast CAncer (BRCA1) genes are thought to drive normal fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cell transformation to high-grade serous ovarian cancer. No human models capture the sequence of events for disease initiation and progression. Here, we generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from healthy individuals and young ovarian cancer patients with germline pathogenic BRCA1 mutations (BRCA1mut). Following differentiation into FTE organoids, BRCA1mut lines exhibit cellular abnormalities consistent with neoplastic transformation compared to controls. BRCA1mut organoids show an increased production of cancer-specific proteins and survival following transplantation into mice. Organoids from women with the most aggressive ovarian cancer show the greatest pathology, indicating the potential value to predict clinical severity prior to disease onset. These human FTE organoids from BRCA1mut carriers provide a faithful physiological in vitro model of FTE lesion generation and early carcinogenesis. This platform can be used for personalized mechanistic and drug screening studies. Yucer et al. generate a human BRCA1 mutant iPSC-derived fallopian tube organoid model, which recapitulates BRCA1 mutant ovarian carcinogenesis in vitro and shows tumors in vivo. This model provides a biologically relevant platform to validate drugs and a basis for personalized early detection and preventative strategies for women carrying BRCA1 mutations.
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Lee HS, Kim E, Lee J, Park SJ, Hwang HK, Park CH, Jo SY, Kang CM, Hong SM, Kang H, Jo JH, Cho IR, Chung MJ, Park JY, Park SW, Song SY, Han JM, Kim S, Bang S. Profiling of conditionally reprogrammed cell lines for in vitro chemotherapy response prediction of pancreatic cancer. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103218. [PMID: 33639403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of patient-derived models for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using conventional methods has been fraught with low success rate, mainly because of the small number of tumour cells and dense fibrotic stroma. Here, we sought to establish patient-derived model of PDAC and perform genetic analysis with responses to anticancer drug by using the conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) methodology. METHODS We performed in vitro and in vivo tumourigenicity assays and analysed histological characteristics by immunostaining. We investigated genetic profiles including mutation patterns and copy number variations using targeted deep sequencing and copy-number analyses. We assessed the responses of cultured CRCs to the available clinical anticancer drugs based on patient responsiveness. FINDINGS We established a total of 28 CRCs from patients. Of the 28 samples, 27 showed KRAS mutations in codon 12/13 or codon 61. We found that somatic mutations were shared in the primary-CRC pairs and shared mutations included key oncogenic mutations such as KRAS (9 pairs), TP53 (8 pairs), and SMAD4 (3 pairs). Overall, CRCs preserved the genetic characteristics of primary tumours with high concordance, with additional confirmation of low-AF NPM1 mutation in CRC (35 shared mutations out of 36 total, concordance rate=97.2%). CRCs of the responder group were more sensitive to anticancer agents than those of the non-responder group (P < 0.001). INTERPRETATION These results show that a pancreatic cancer cell line model can be efficiently established using the CRC methodology, to better support a personalized therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer patients. FUNDING 2014R1A1A1006272, HI19C0642-060019, 2019R1A2C2008050, 2020R1A2C209958611, and 2020M3E5E204028211.
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Ou M, Zhao M, Li C, Tang D, Xu Y, Dai W, Sui W, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Mo C, Lin H, Dai Y. Single-cell sequencing reveals the potential oncogenic expression atlas of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Biol Open 2021; 10:10/2/bio053348. [PMID: 33589441 PMCID: PMC7903994 DOI: 10.1242/bio.053348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are important source for regenerative medicine. However, the links between pluripotency and oncogenic transformation raise safety issues. To understand the characteristics of iPSC-derived cells at single-cell resolution, we directly reprogrammed two human iPSC lines into cardiomyocytes and collected cells from four time points during cardiac differentiation for single-cell sequencing. We captured 32,365 cells and identified five molecularly distinct clusters that aligned well with our reconstructed differentiation trajectory. We discovered a set of dynamic expression events related to the upregulation of oncogenes and the decreasing expression of tumor suppressor genes during cardiac differentiation, which were similar to the gain-of-function and loss-of-function patterns during oncogenesis. In practice, we characterized the dynamic expression of the TP53 and Yamanaka factor genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC), which were widely used for human iPSCs lines generation; and revealed the co-occurrence of MYC overexpression and TP53 silencing in some of human iPSC-derived TNNT2+ cardiomyocytes. In summary, our oncogenic expression atlas is valuable for human iPSCs application and the single-cell resolution highlights the clues potentially associated with the carcinogenic risk of human iPSC-derived cells. Summary: The single-cell expression atlas in the cardiomyocytes generated from human iPSCs provide potential carcinogenic information for the clinical application of human iPSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Ou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Min Zhao
- GeneCology Research Centre/Seaweed Research Group, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Chunhong Li
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China.,College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, USA
| | - Weiguo Sui
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Chune Mo
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China .,Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
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Chai J, Han L, Zhang J, Han D, Zou L, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Guo H. Conditional Reprogramming Inducing Clinical Cells Proliferation: New Research Tools in Tumor and Inflammatory-related Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2657-2660. [PMID: 32175833 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316155252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, establishing a patient-derived cell model is crucial, whether in vitro or in vivo. Compared to the traditional cell lines, patient-derived primary cells represent precise genetic features from specific patients, but poor proliferative activity of human primary cells restricts their popular application. Conditional reprogramming (CR) is a new cell culture technique to achieve rapid growth of patient-derived cells in vitro, making it possible to identify the individual difference and screen drugs sensitivity. In this review, we will summarize the application and limitation of CR in tumor and inflammatory-related diseases, indicating the prospect of this technique for preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Li Han
- Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dali Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Ze Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulong Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
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Couto de Carvalho LA, Tosta Dos Santos SL, Sacramento LV, de Almeida VR, de Aquino Xavier FC, Dos Santos JN, Gomes Henriques Leitão ÁC. Mesenchymal stem cell markers in periodontal tissues and periapical lesions. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151636. [PMID: 33132168 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by the potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, high proliferation rates, and self-renewal capacity, in addition to the ability to maintain their undifferentiated state. These cells have been identified in physiological oral tissues such as pulp tissue, dental follicle, apical papilla and periodontal ligament, as well as in pathological situations such as chronic periapical lesions (CPLs). The criteria used for the identification of MSCs include the positive expression of specific surface antigens, with CD73, CD90, CD105, CD44, CD146, STRO-1, CD166, NANOG and OCT4 being the most specific for these cells. AIM The aim of this review was to explore the literature on markers able to identify MSCs as well as the presence of these cells in the healthy periodontal ligament and CPLs, highlighting their role in regenerative medicine and implications in the progression of these lesions. METHODS Narrative literature review searching the PubMed and Medline databases. Articles published in English between 1974 and 2020 were retrieved. CONCLUSION The included studies confirmed the presence of MSCs in the healthy periodontal ligament and in CPLs. Several surface markers are used for the characterization of these cells which, although not specific, are effective in cell recognition. Mesenchymal stem cells participate in tissue repair, exerting anti- inflammatory, immunosuppressive and proangiogenic effects, and are therefore involved in the progression and attenuation of CPLs or even in the persistence of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Colaço BJA. An Overview of Current Alternative Models for Use in the Context of Prostate Cancer Research. Altern Lab Anim 2020; 48:58-69. [PMID: 32614643 DOI: 10.1177/0261192920929701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, particularly in elderly populations. To mitigate the expected increase in prostate cancer-related morbidity and mortality as a result of an expanding aged population, safer and more effective therapeutics are required. To this end, plenty of research is focusing on the mechanisms underlying cancer initiation and development, the metastatic process and on the discovery of new therapies. While animal models are used (mainly rats and mice) for the study of prostate cancer, alternative models and methods are increasingly being considered to replace, or at least reduce, the number of animals used in this particular field of research. In this review, we cover some of the alternative models that are currently available for use in the study of prostate cancer, including: mathematical models; 2-D and 3-D cell cultures; microfluidic devices; the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane-based model; and zebrafish embryo-based models. The main advantages and limitations, as well as some examples of applications, are given for each type of model. According to our analysis, immortalised cell lines are still the most commonly used models in the field of prostate cancer research. However, the use of alternative models for prostate cancer research will likely become more prevalent in the coming years partly because of the increasing societal pressure to reduce the numbers of laboratory animals. In this context, the development and dissemination of effective non-animal alternative models assumes particular relevance and will be instrumental in leveraging their success. Taking these perspectives into account, we believe that technological advances will lead to more effective cell culture systems, namely 3-D cultures or organ-on-a-chip devices, which can be used to replace animal-based models in prostate cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, 386361University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA/LAQV), Department of Chemistry, 56062University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA/LAQV), Department of Chemistry, 56062University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, 386361University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Jorge Antunes Colaço
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Zootechnics, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Ramzy GM, Koessler T, Ducrey E, McKee T, Ris F, Buchs N, Rubbia-Brandt L, Dietrich PY, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Patient-Derived In Vitro Models for Drug Discovery in Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061423. [PMID: 32486365 PMCID: PMC7352800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of relevant preclinical models that reliably recapitulate the complexity and heterogeneity of human cancer has slowed down the development and approval of new anti-cancer therapies. Even though two-dimensional in vitro culture models remain widely used, they allow only partial cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions and therefore do not represent the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, better models reflecting intra-tumor heterogeneity need to be incorporated in the drug screening process to more reliably predict the efficacy of drug candidates. Classic methods of modelling colorectal carcinoma (CRC), while useful for many applications, carry numerous limitations. In this review, we address the recent advances in in vitro CRC model systems, ranging from conventional CRC patient-derived models, such as conditional reprogramming-based cell cultures, to more experimental and state-of-the-art models, such as cancer-on-chip platforms or liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Ramzy
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Koessler
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.K.); (P.-Y.D.)
| | - Eloise Ducrey
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas McKee
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.M.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Frédéric Ris
- Translational Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Buchs
- Translational Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.M.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.K.); (P.-Y.D.)
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-3352
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Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30–100 nm, which are released into the extracellular space by fusion of multivesicular and plasma membranes. These vesicles actually play a distinct role in cell communication, although they were considered as membrane debris in the past. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent and ESCRT-independent mechanisms are currently considered to be involved in the sorting of exosomes, and the release of exosomes is related to the members of Rab protein family and SNARE family. In recent years, the therapeutic potential of exosomes has become apparent. For example, via the direct transplantation of exosomes, the ischemic area after stroke is reduced, and the neurological function is improved significantly. Furthermore, they can be used as effective drug delivery vehicles due to their unique characteristics such as low immunogenicity and nanometer size. In conclusion, exosomes provide a cell-free treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bikram Shah Kalyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510310, Guangdong, China
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Palechor-Ceron N, Krawczyk E, Dakic A, Simic V, Yuan H, Blancato J, Wang W, Hubbard F, Zheng YL, Dan H, Strome S, Cullen K, Davidson B, Deeken JF, Choudhury S, Ahn PH, Agarwal S, Zhou X, Schlegel R, Furth PA, Pan CX, Liu X. Conditional Reprogramming for Patient-Derived Cancer Models and Next-Generation Living Biobanks. Cells 2019; 8:E1327. [PMID: 31717887 PMCID: PMC6912808 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer models including cell lines and animal models have limited applications in both basic and clinical cancer research. Genomics-based precision oncology only help 2-20% patients with solid cancer. Functional diagnostics and patient-derived cancer models are needed for precision cancer biology. In this review, we will summarize applications of conditional cell reprogramming (CR) in cancer research and next generation living biobanks (NGLB). Together with organoids, CR has been cited in two NCI (National Cancer Institute, USA) programs (PDMR: patient-derived cancer model repository; HCMI: human cancer model initiatives. HCMI will be distributed through ATCC). Briefly, the CR method is a simple co-culture technology with a Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, in combination with fibroblast feeder cells, which allows us to rapidly expand both normal and malignant epithelial cells from diverse anatomic sites and mammalian species and does not require transfection with exogenous viral or cellular genes. Establishment of CR cells from both normal and tumor tissue is highly efficient. The robust nature of the technique is exemplified by the ability to produce 2 × 106 cells in five days from a core biopsy of tumor tissue. Normal CR cell cultures retain a normal karyotype and differentiation potential and CR cells derived from tumors retain their tumorigenic phenotype. CR also allows us to enrich cancer cells from urine (for bladder cancer), blood (for prostate cancer), and pleural effusion (for non-small cell lung carcinoma). The ability to produce inexhaustible cell populations using CR technology from small biopsies and cryopreserved specimens has the potential to transform biobanking repositories (NGLB: next-generation living biobank) and current pathology practice by enabling genetic, biochemical, metabolomic, proteomic, and biological assays, including chemosensitivity testing as a functional diagnostics tool for precision cancer medicine. We discussed analyses of patient-derived matched normal and tumor models using a case with tongue squamous cell carcinoma as an example. Last, we summarized applications in cancer research, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine of CR-based NGLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Palechor-Ceron
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Vera Simic
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Jan Blancato
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Fleesie Hubbard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Yun-Ling Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Hancai Dan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Scott Strome
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Kevin Cullen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Bruce Davidson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - John F. Deeken
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA;
| | - Sujata Choudhury
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Peter H. Ahn
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Xuexun Zhou
- iCryobiol and iFuture Technologies, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Priscilla A. Furth
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
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Mondal AM, Ma AH, Li G, Krawczyk E, Yuan R, Lu J, Schlegel R, Stamatakis L, Kowalczyk KJ, Philips GK, Pan CX, Liu X. Fidelity of a PDX-CR model for bladder cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:49-56. [PMID: 31303270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are widely recognised as a more physiologically relevant preclinical model than standard cell lines, but are expensive and low throughput, have low engraftment rate and take a long time to develop. Our newly developed conditional reprogramming (CR) technology addresses many PDX drawbacks, but lacks many in vivo factors. Here we determined whether PDXs and CRCs of the same cancer origin maintain the biological fidelity and complement each for translational research and drug development. Four CRC lines were generated from bladder cancer PDXs. Short tandem repeat (STR) analyses revealed that CRCs and their corresponding parental PDXs shared the same STRs, suggesting common cancer origins. CRCs and their corresponding parental PDXs contained the same genetic alterations. Importantly, CRCs retained the same drug sensitivity with the corresponding downstream signalling activity as their corresponding parental PDXs. This suggests that CRCs and PDXs can complement each other, and that CRCs can be used for in vitro fast, high throughput and low cost screening while PDXs can be used for in vivo validation and study of the in vivo factors during translational research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M Mondal
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Ai-Hong Ma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Washington DC, USA
| | - Guangzhao Li
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Ruan Yuan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Washington DC, USA; Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Lambros Stamatakis
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Urology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Keith J Kowalczyk
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Urology, MedStar Georgetown Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - George K Philips
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Oncology, MedStar Georgetown Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Washington DC, USA; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA; Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.
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14
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Zhu Z, Kalyan BS, Chen L. Therapeutic potential role of exosomes for ischemic stroke. Brain Science Advances 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2019.9050013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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15
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Doss MX, Sachinidis A. Current Challenges of iPSC-Based Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050403. [PMID: 31052294 PMCID: PMC6562607 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease modelling and the cell replacement therapy approach have proven to be very powerful and instrumental in biomedical research and personalized regenerative medicine as evidenced in the past decade by unraveling novel pathological mechanisms of a multitude of monogenic diseases at the cellular level and the ongoing and emerging clinical trials with iPSC-derived cell products. iPSC-based disease modelling has sparked widespread enthusiasm and has presented an unprecedented opportunity in high throughput drug discovery platforms and safety pharmacology in association with three-dimensional multicellular organoids such as personalized organs-on-chips, gene/base editing, artificial intelligence and high throughput "omics" methodologies. This critical review summarizes the progress made in the past decade with the advent of iPSC discovery in biomedical applications and regenerative medicine with case examples and the current major challenges that need to be addressed to unleash the full potential of iPSCs in clinical settings and pharmacology for more effective and safer regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Xavier Doss
- Technology Development Division, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc, 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA.
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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16
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Mahabadi JA, Sabzalipour H, Bafrani HH, Gheibi Hayat SM, Nikzad H. Application of induced pluripotent stem cell and embryonic stem cell technology to the study of male infertility. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8441-8449. [PMID: 29870061 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are classes of undifferentiated biological cells existing only at the embryonic, fetal, and adult stages that can divide to produce specialized cell types during fetal development and remain in our bodies throughout life. The progression of regenerative and reproductive medicine owes the advancement of respective in vitro and in vivo biological science on the stem cell nature under appropriate conditions. The SCs are promising therapeutic tools to treat currently of infertility because of wide sources and high potency to differentiate. Nevertheless, no effective remedies are available to deal with severe infertility due to congenital or gonadotoxic stem cell deficiency in prepubertal childhood. Some recent solutions have been developed to address the severe fertility problems, including in vitro formation of germ cells from stem cells, induction of pluripotency from somatic cells, and production of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. There is a possibility of fertility restoration using the in vitro formation of germ cells from somatic cells. Accordingly, the present review aimed at studying the literature published on the medical application of stem cells in reproductive concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Amini Mahabadi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Sabzalipour
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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17
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Abstract
Experimental modeling of human inherited disorders provides insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, and the underlying genetic component influencing, the disease phenotype. The breakthrough development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology represents a quantum leap in experimental modeling of human diseases, providing investigators with a self-renewing and, thus, unlimited source of pluripotent cells for targeted differentiation. In principle, the entire range of cell types found in the human body can be interrogated using an iPSC approach. Therefore, iPSC technology, and the increasingly refined abilities to differentiate iPSCs into disease-relevant target cells, has far-reaching implications for understanding disease pathophysiology, identifying disease-causing genes, and developing more precise therapeutics, including advances in regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we discuss the technological perspectives and recent developments in the application of patient-derived iPSC lines for human disease modeling and disease gene identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, 1214 W Schunior St, Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA.
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, 1214 W Schunior St, Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, 1214 W Schunior St, Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA
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18
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Hu Y, Gaedcke J, Emons G, Beissbarth T, Grade M, Jo P, Yeager M, Chanock SJ, Wolff H, Camps J, Ghadimi BM, Ried T. Colorectal cancer susceptibility loci as predictive markers of rectal cancer prognosis after surgery. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:140-149. [PMID: 29119627 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanism of rectal cancer and develop markers for disease prognostication, we generated and explored a dataset from 243 rectal cancer patients by gene expression microarray analysis of cancer samples and matched controls, and SNP-arrays of germline DNA. We found that two of the loci most strongly linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, 8q24 (upstream of MYC) and 18q21 (in the intron of SMAD7), as well as 20q13 (in the intron of LAMA5), are tightly associated with the prognosis of rectal cancer patients. For SNPs on 18q21 (rs12953717 and rs4464148) and 20q13 (rs4925386), alleles that correlate with higher risk for the development of CRC are associated with shorter disease free survival (DFS). However, for rs6983267 on 8q24, the low risk allele is associated with a higher risk for recurrence and metastasis after surgery, and importantly, is strongly correlated with the resistance of CRC cell lines to chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We also found that although MYC expression is dramatically increased in cancer, patients with higher levels of MYC have a better prognosis. The expression of SMAD7 is weakly correlated with DFS. Notably, the presence of the 8q24 and 18q21 SNP alleles is not correlated with expression levels of MYC and SMAD7. rs4464148, and probably rs6983267 and rs4925386, are linked with overall survival time of patients. In conclusion, we show that several CRC risk SNPs detect subpopulations of rectal cancer patients with poor prognosis, and that rs6983267 probably affects prognosis through interfering with the resistance of cancer cells to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Georg Emons
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892.,Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Tim Beissbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Marian Grade
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Peter Jo
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Hendrik Wolff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Jordi Camps
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - B Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Thomas Ried
- Section of Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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Gomes KMS, Costa IC, Santos JFD, Dourado PMM, Forni MF, Ferreira JCB. Induced pluripotent stem cells reprogramming: Epigenetics and applications in the regenerative medicine. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017; 63:180-189. [PMID: 28355380 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.02.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are somatic cells reprogrammed into an embryonic-like pluripotent state by the expression of specific transcription factors. iPSC technology is expected to revolutionize regenerative medicine in the near future. Despite the fact that these cells have the capacity to self-renew, they present low efficiency of reprogramming. Recent studies have demonstrated that the previous somatic epigenetic signature is a limiting factor in iPSC performance. Indeed, the process of effective reprogramming involves a complete remodeling of the existing somatic epigenetic memory, followed by the establishment of a "new epigenetic signature" that complies with the new type of cell to be differentiated. Therefore, further investigations of epigenetic modifications associated with iPSC reprogramming are required in an attempt to improve their self-renew capacity and potency, as well as their application in regenerative medicine, with a new strategy to reduce the damage in degenerative diseases. Our review aimed to summarize the most recent findings on epigenetics and iPSC, focusing on DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs, highlighting their potential in translating cell therapy into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Maria Sampaio Gomes
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB III/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ismael Cabral Costa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB III/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Julio Cesar Batista Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB III/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bueno C, Menendez P. Human acute leukemia induced pluripotent stem cells: a unique model for investigating disease development and pathogenesis. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:55. [PMID: 28725651 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.05.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Câmara DAD, Porcacchia AS, Costa AS, Azevedo RA, Kerkis I. Murine melanoma cells incomplete reprogramming using non-viral vector. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28618452 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The reprogramming of cancer cells into induced pluripotent stem cells or less aggressive cancer cells can provide a modern platform to study cancer-related genes and their interactions with cell environment before and after reprogramming. Herein, we aimed to investigate the reprogramming capacity of murine melanoma B16F10 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The B16F10 was transfected using non-viral circular DNA plasmid containing the genes Sox-2, Oct4, Nanog, Lin28 and green fluorescent protein (GFP). These cells were characterized by immunofluorescence, analysis RT-PCR and cell cycle. RESULTS Our results demonstrated for the first time that reprogramming of B16F10 may be induced using non-viral minicircle DNA containing the four reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, Lin 28, Nanog (OSLN) and the GFP reporter gene. The resulting clones are composed by epithelioid cells. These cells display characteristics of cancer stem cells, thus expressing pluripotent stem cell markers and dividing asymmetrically and symmetrically. Reprogrammed B16F10 cells did not form teratomas; however, they showed the suppression of tumourigenic abilities characterized by a reduced tumour size, when compared with parental B16F10 cell line. In contrast to parental cell line that showed accumulation of the cells in S phase of cell cycle, the cells of reprogrammed clones are accumulated in G1 phase. Long-term cultivation of reprogrammed B16F10 cells induces regression of their reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS Our data imply that in result of reprogramming of B16F10 cells less aggressive Murine Melanoma Reprogrammed Cancer Cells may be obtained. These cells represent an interesting model to study mechanism of cells malignancy as well as provide a novel tool for anti-cancer drugs screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A D Câmara
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A S Porcacchia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A S Costa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R A Azevedo
- Departament of Immunology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I Kerkis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Ishikawa T. Next-generation sequencing traces human induced pluripotent stem cell lines clonally generated from heterogeneous cancer tissue. World J Stem Cells 2017; 9:77-88. [PMID: 28596815 PMCID: PMC5440771 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i5.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate genotype variation among induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines that were clonally generated from heterogeneous colon cancer tissues using next-generation sequencing.
METHODS Human iPSC lines were clonally established by selecting independent single colonies expanded from heterogeneous primary cells of S-shaped colon cancer tissues by retroviral gene transfer (OCT3/4, SOX2, and KLF4). The ten iPSC lines, their starting cancer tissues, and the matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues were analyzed using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis using the human reference genome hg19. Non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) (missense, nonsense, and read-through) were identified within the target region of 612 genes related to cancer and the human kinome. All SNVs were annotated using dbSNP135, CCDS, RefSeq, GENCODE, and 1000 Genomes. The SNVs of the iPSC lines were compared with the genotypes of the cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. The putative genotypes were validated using allelic depth and genotype quality. For final confirmation, mutated genotypes were manually curated using the Integrative Genomics Viewer.
RESULTS In eight of the ten iPSC lines, one or two non-synonymous SNVs in EIF2AK2, TTN, ULK4, TSSK1B, FLT4, STK19, STK31, TRRAP, WNK1, PLK1 or PIK3R5 were identified as novel SNVs and were not identical to the genotypes found in the cancer and non-cancerous tissues. This result suggests that the SNVs were de novo or pre-existing mutations that originated from minor populations, such as multifocal pre-cancer (stem) cells or pre-metastatic cancer cells from multiple, different clonal evolutions, present within the heterogeneous cancer tissue. The genotypes of all ten iPSC lines were different from the mutated ERBB2 and MKNK2 genotypes of the cancer tissues and were identical to those of the non-cancerous tissues and that found in the human reference genome hg19. Furthermore, two of the ten iPSC lines did not have any confirmed mutated genotypes, despite being derived from cancerous tissue. These results suggest that the traceability and preference of the starting single cells being derived from pre-cancer (stem) cells, stroma cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells that co-existed in the tissues along with the mature cancer cells.
CONCLUSION The genotypes of iPSC lines derived from heterogeneous cancer tissues can provide information on the type of starting cell that the iPSC line was generated from.
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Wuputra K, Lin CS, Tsai MH, Ku CC, Lin WH, Yang YH, Kuo KK, Yokoyama KK. Cancer cell reprogramming to identify the genes competent for generating liver cancer stem cells. Inflamm Regen 2017; 37:15. [PMID: 29259714 PMCID: PMC5725927 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-017-0041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that cancer originates from the malignant transformation of stem/progenitor cells and is considered to apply to many cancers, including liver cancer. Identification that CSCs are responsible for drug resistance, metastasis, and secondary tumor appearance suggests that these populations are novel obligatory targets for the treatment of cancer. Here, we describe our new method for identifying potential CSC candidates. The reprogramming of cancer cells via induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is a novel therapy for the treatment and for the study of CSC-related genes. This technology has advantages for studying the interactions between CSC-related genes and the cancer niche microenvironment. This technology may also provide a useful platform for studying the genes involved in the generation of CSCs before and after reprogramming, and for elucidating the mechanisms underlying cancer initiation and progression. The present review summarizes the current understanding of transcription factors involved in the generation of liver CSCs from liver cancer cell-derived iPSCs and how these contribute to oncogenesis, and discusses the modeling of liver cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 805 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ho Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Han Yang
- Center of Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Center of Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
- Center of Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
- Faculty of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, 763-2193 Japan
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24
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Hříbková H, Zelinková J, Sun YM. Progress in human pluripotent stem cell-based modeling systems for neurological diseases. Neurogenesis 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1324258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hříbková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zelinková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yuh-Man Sun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Liu X, Krawczyk E, Suprynowicz FA, Palechor-Ceron N, Yuan H, Dakic A, Simic V, Zheng YL, Sripadhan P, Chen C, Lu J, Hou TW, Choudhury S, Kallakury B, Tang DG, Darling T, Thangapazham R, Timofeeva O, Dritschilo A, Randell SH, Albanese C, Agarwal S, Schlegel R. Conditional reprogramming and long-term expansion of normal and tumor cells from human biospecimens. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:439-451. [PMID: 28125105 PMCID: PMC6195120 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Historically, it has been difficult to propagate cells in vitro that are derived directly from human tumors or healthy tissue. However, in vitro preclinical models are essential tools for both the study of basic cancer biology and the promotion of translational research, including drug discovery and drug target identification. This protocol describes conditional reprogramming (CR), which involves coculture of irradiated mouse fibroblast feeder cells with normal and tumor human epithelial cells in the presence of a Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632). CR cells can be used for various applications, including regenerative medicine, drug sensitivity testing, gene expression profiling and xenograft studies. The method requires a pathologist to differentiate healthy tissue from tumor tissue, and basic tissue culture skills. The protocol can be used with cells derived from both fresh and cryopreserved tissue samples. As approximately 1 million cells can be generated in 7 d, the technique is directly applicable to diagnostic and predictive medicine. Moreover, the epithelial cells can be propagated indefinitely in vitro, yet retain the capacity to become fully differentiated when placed into conditions that mimic their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to X.L. () or R.S. ()
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to X.L. () or R.S. ()
| | - Frank A Suprynowicz
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nancy Palechor-Ceron
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vera Simic
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yun-Ling Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Praathibha Sripadhan
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tung-Wei Hou
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sujata Choudhury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Darling
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajesh Thangapazham
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Timofeeva
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anatoly Dritschilo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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26
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Câmara DAD, Mambelli LI, Porcacchia AS, Kerkis I. Advances and Challenges on Cancer Cells Reprogramming Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Technologies. J Cancer 2016; 7:2296-2303. [PMID: 27994667 PMCID: PMC5166540 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells transformation into a normal state or into a cancer cell population which is less tumorigenic than the initial one is a challenge that has been discussed during last decades and it is still far to be solved. Due to the highly heterogeneous nature of cancer cells, such transformation involves many genetic and epigenetic factors which are specific for each type of tumor. Different methods of cancer cells reprogramming have been established and can represent a possibility to obtain less tumorigenic or even normal cells. These methods are quite complex, thus a simple and efficient method of reprogramming is still required. As soon as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) technology, which allowed to reprogram terminally differentiated cells into embryonic stem cells (ESC)-like, was developed, the method strongly attracted the attention of researches, opening new perspectives for stem cell (SC) personalized therapies and offering a powerful in vitro model for drug screening. This technology is also used to reprogram cancer cells, thus providing a modern platform to study cancer-related genes and the interaction between these genes and the cell environment before and after reprogramming, in order to elucidate the mechanisms of cancer initiation and progression. The present review summarizes recent advances on cancer cells reprogramming using iPSC technology and shows the progress achieved in such field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aparecida Dias Câmara
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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27
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Muñoz-López A, Romero-Moya D, Prieto C, Ramos-Mejía V, Agraz-Doblas A, Varela I, Buschbeck M, Palau A, Carvajal-Vergara X, Giorgetti A, Ford A, Lako M, Granada I, Ruiz-Xivillé N, Rodríguez-Perales S, Torres-Ruíz R, Stam RW, Fuster JL, Fraga MF, Nakanishi M, Cazzaniga G, Bardini M, Cobo I, Bayon GF, Fernandez AF, Bueno C, Menendez P. Development Refractoriness of MLL-Rearranged Human B Cell Acute Leukemias to Reprogramming into Pluripotency. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:602-618. [PMID: 27666791 PMCID: PMC5063541 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a powerful tool for disease modeling. They are routinely generated from healthy donors and patients from multiple cell types at different developmental stages. However, reprogramming leukemias is an extremely inefficient process. Few studies generated iPSCs from primary chronic myeloid leukemias, but iPSC generation from acute myeloid or lymphoid leukemias (ALL) has not been achieved. We attempted to generate iPSCs from different subtypes of B-ALL to address the developmental impact of leukemic fusion genes. OKSM(L)-expressing mono/polycistronic-, retroviral/lentiviral/episomal-, and Sendai virus vector-based reprogramming strategies failed to render iPSCs in vitro and in vivo. Addition of transcriptomic-epigenetic reprogramming “boosters” also failed to generate iPSCs from B cell blasts and B-ALL lines, and when iPSCs emerged they lacked leukemic fusion genes, demonstrating non-leukemic myeloid origin. Conversely, MLL-AF4-overexpressing hematopoietic stem cells/B progenitors were successfully reprogrammed, indicating that B cell origin and leukemic fusion gene were not reprogramming barriers. Global transcriptome/DNA methylome profiling suggested a developmental/differentiation refractoriness of MLL-rearranged B-ALL to reprogramming into pluripotency. Neither primary B-ALL blasts nor leukemic B cell lines can be reprogrammed to iPSCs Global transcriptome and DNA methylome suggest a developmental refractoriness
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-López
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Romero-Moya
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Ramos-Mejía
- Genomic Oncology Department, Centre for Genomics and Oncology GENyO, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Agraz-Doblas
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; IBBTEC, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Varela
- IBBTEC, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Palau
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xonia Carvajal-Vergara
- Cell Therapy Department, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anthony Ford
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Isabel Granada
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncología, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Neus Ruiz-Xivillé
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncología, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Raul Torres-Ruíz
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Cytogenetics Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ronald W Stam
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jose Luis Fuster
- Department of Pediatric Oncohematology, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraka 305-0046, Japan
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- University di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20052 Monza MB, Italy
| | - Michela Bardini
- University di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, 20052 Monza MB, Italy
| | - Isabel Cobo
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gustavo F Bayon
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustin F Fernandez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA-HUCA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Falk A, Heine VM, Harwood AJ, Sullivan PF, Peitz M, Brüstle O, Shen S, Sun YM, Glover JC, Posthuma D, Djurovic S. Modeling psychiatric disorders: from genomic findings to cellular phenotypes. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1167-79. [PMID: 27240529 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Major programs in psychiatric genetics have identified >150 risk loci for psychiatric disorders. These loci converge on a small number of functional pathways, which span conventional diagnostic criteria, suggesting a partly common biology underlying schizophrenia, autism and other psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the cellular phenotypes that capture the fundamental features of psychiatric disorders have not yet been determined. Recent advances in genetics and stem cell biology offer new prospects for cell-based modeling of psychiatric disorders. The advent of cell reprogramming and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) provides an opportunity to translate genetic findings into patient-specific in vitro models. iPSC technology is less than a decade old but holds great promise for bridging the gaps between patients, genetics and biology. Despite many obvious advantages, iPSC studies still present multiple challenges. In this expert review, we critically review the challenges for modeling of psychiatric disorders, potential solutions and how iPSC technology can be used to develop an analytical framework for the evaluation and therapeutic manipulation of fundamental disease processes.
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Charaf L, Mahon FX, Lamrissi-Garcia I, Moranvillier I, Beliveau F, Cardinaud B, Dabernat S, de Verneuil H, Moreau-Gaudry F, Bedel A. Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on stemness in normal and chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia 2016; 31:65-74. [PMID: 27220663 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) efficiently cure chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), they can fail to eradicate CML stem cells (CML-SCs). The mechanisms responsible for CML-SC survival need to be understood for designing therapies. Several previous studies suggest that TKIs could modulate CML-SC quiescence. Unfortunately, CML-SCs are insufficiently available. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising alternative. In this work, we used iPSCs derived from CML patients (Ph+). Ph+ iPSC clones expressed lower levels of stemness markers than normal iPSCs. BCR-ABL1 was found to be involved in stemness regulation and ERK1/2 to have a key role in the signaling pathway. TKIs unexpectedly promoted stemness marker expression in Ph+ iPSC clones. Imatinib also retained quiescence and induced stemness gene expression in CML-SCs. Our results suggest that TKIs might have a role in residual disease and confirm the need for a targeted therapy different from TKIs that could overcome the stemness-promoting effect caused by TKIs. Interestingly, a similar pro-stemness effect was observed in normal iPSCs and hematopoietic SCs. These findings could help to explain CML resistance mechanisms and the teratogenic side-effects of TKIs in embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Charaf
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France
| | - F-X Mahon
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Institut Bergonie, SIRIC BRIO, Bordeaux, France
| | - I Lamrissi-Garcia
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France
| | - I Moranvillier
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Beliveau
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France
| | - B Cardinaud
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - S Dabernat
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - H de Verneuil
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Moreau-Gaudry
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Bedel
- Inserm U1035, Biothérapies des Maladies Génétiques et Cancers, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, FR TransBiomed, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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30
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Lopes J, Arnosti D, Trosko JE, Tai MH, Zuccari D. Melatonin decreases estrogen receptor binding to estrogen response elements sites on the OCT4 gene in human breast cancer stem cells. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:209-17. [PMID: 27551335 PMCID: PMC4979593 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) pose a challenge in cancer treatment, as these cells can drive tumor growth and are resistant to chemotherapy. Melatonin exerts its oncostatic effects through the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway in cancer cells, however its action in CSCs is unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of melatonin on the regulation of the transcription factor OCT4 (Octamer Binding 4) by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The cells were grown as a cell suspension or as anchorage independent growth, for the mammospheres growth, representing the CSCs population and treated with 10 nM estrogen (E2) or 10 μM of the environmental estrogen Bisphenol A (BPA) and 1 mM of melatonin. At the end, the cell growth as well as OCT4 and ERα expression and the binding activity of ERα to the OCT4 was assessed. The increase in number and size of mammospheres induced by E2 or BPA was reduced by melatonin treatment. Furthermore, binding of the ERα to OCT4 was reduced, accompanied by a reduction of OCT4 and ERα expression. Thus, melatonin treatment is effective against proliferation of BCSCs in vitro and impacts the ER pathway, demonstrating its potential therapeutic use in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lopes
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - David Arnosti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James E. Trosko
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mei-Hui Tai
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Debora Zuccari
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Sancho-Martinez I, Nivet E, Xia Y, Hishida T, Aguirre A, Ocampo A, Ma L, Morey R, Krause MN, Zembrzycki A, Ansorge O, Vazquez-Ferrer E, Dubova I, Reddy P, Lam D, Hishida Y, Wu MZ, Esteban CR, O'Leary D, Wahl GM, Verma IM, Laurent LC, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Establishment of human iPSC-based models for the study and targeting of glioma initiating cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10743. [PMID: 26899176 PMCID: PMC4764898 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma tumour-initiating cells (GTICs) can originate upon the transformation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Studies on GTICs have focused on primary tumours from which GTICs could be isolated and the use of human embryonic material. Recently, the somatic genomic landscape of human gliomas has been reported. RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) and p53 signalling were found dysregulated in ∼90% and 86% of all primary tumours analysed, respectively. Here we report on the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for modelling gliomagenesis. Dysregulation of RTK and p53 signalling in hiPSC-derived NPCs (iNPCs) recapitulates GTIC properties in vitro. In vivo transplantation of transformed iNPCs leads to highly aggressive tumours containing undifferentiated stem cells and their differentiated derivatives. Metabolic modulation compromises GTIC viability. Last, screening of 101 anti-cancer compounds identifies three molecules specifically targeting transformed iNPCs and primary GTICs. Together, our results highlight the potential of hiPSCs for studying human tumourigenesis. Glioma can originate from the transformation of neural progenitor cells into glioma initiating cells. Here, the authors demonstrate the use of induced pluripotent stem cells as a suitable model for generating neural progenitor cells, which can be subsequently transformed to glioma initiating cells that are able to the generate human glioma-like tumours in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sancho-Martinez
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Emmanuel Nivet
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yun Xia
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Tomoaki Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Campus de los Jerónimos, N° 135 Guadalupe, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Robert Morey
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Marie N Krause
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Andreas Zembrzycki
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Department of Neuropathology, West Wing, Level 1, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eric Vazquez-Ferrer
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ilir Dubova
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Campus de los Jerónimos, N° 135 Guadalupe, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Pradeep Reddy
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - David Lam
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yuriko Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Min-Zu Wu
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Dennis O'Leary
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory Wahl, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Inder M Verma
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory Belmonte, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Müller M, Hermann PC, Liebau S, Weidgang C, Seufferlein T, Kleger A, Perkhofer L. The role of pluripotency factors to drive stemness in gastrointestinal cancer. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:349-57. [PMID: 26896855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A better molecular understanding of gastrointestinal cancers arising either from the stomach, the pancreas, the intestine, or the liver has led to the identification of a variety of potential new molecular therapeutic targets. However, in most cases surgery remains the only curative option. The intratumoral cellular heterogeneity of cancer stem cells, bulk tumor cells, and stromal cells further limits straightforward targeting approaches. Accumulating evidence reveals an intimate link between embryonic development, stem cells, and cancer formation. In line, a growing number of oncofetal proteins are found to play common roles within these processes. Cancer stem cells share features with true stem cells by having the capacity to self-renew in a de-differentiated state, to generate heterogeneous types of differentiated progeny, and to give rise to the bulk tumor. Further, various studies identified genes in cancer stem cells, which were previously shown to regulate the pluripotency circuitry, particularly the so-called "Yamanaka-Factors" (OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and c-MYC). However, the true stemness potential of cancer stem cells and the role and expression pattern of such pluripotency genes in various tumor cell types remain to be explored. Here, we summarize recent findings and discuss the potential mechanisms involved, and link them to clinical significance with a particular focus on gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Clair Weidgang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Seah YF, El Farran CA, Warrier T, Xu J, Loh YH. Induced Pluripotency and Gene Editing in Disease Modelling: Perspectives and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28614-34. [PMID: 26633382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are chiefly characterized by their ability to self-renew and to differentiate into any cell type derived from the three main germ layers. It was demonstrated that somatic cells could be reprogrammed to form induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via various strategies. Gene editing is a technique that can be used to make targeted changes in the genome, and the efficiency of this process has been significantly enhanced by recent advancements. The use of engineered endonucleases, such as homing endonucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and Cas9 of the CRISPR system, has significantly enhanced the efficiency of gene editing. The combination of somatic cell reprogramming with gene editing enables us to model human diseases in vitro, in a manner considered superior to animal disease models. In this review, we discuss the various strategies of reprogramming and gene targeting with an emphasis on the current advancements and challenges of using these techniques to model human diseases.
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Abstract
Stem cell differentiation is regulated by multiple signaling events. Recent technical advances have revealed that differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into stem cells. The signals involved in stem cell programming are of major interest in stem cell research. The signaling mechanisms involved in regulating stem cell reprogramming and differentiation are the subject of intense study in the field of life sciences. In this review, the molecular interactions and signaling pathways related to stem cell differentiation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihori Tanabe
- Shihori Tanabe, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Abstract
Editing the genome using approaches like TALEN and siRNA are already well tested. The new kid on the block is CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR-Cas9 is rapidly evolving with impressive refinements for specificity, eliminating off-target effects, and versatility. One can adjust constructs and conditions to produce opposite effects on the genome and for a specific purpose. The nuances of the system, the means to significantly reduce off-targeting, and numerous applications are now emerging rapidly. This B&B commentary looks forward into how the CRISPR-Cas9 tool might serve the CCN field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Yeger
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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