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Ge Y, Ni X, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. Roles of estrogen receptor α in endometrial carcinoma (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:530. [PMID: 38020303 PMCID: PMC10644365 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a group of endometrial epithelial malignancies, most of which are adenocarcinomas and occur in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. It is one of the most common carcinomas of the female reproductive system. It has been shown that the occurrence and development of EC is closely associated with the interaction between estrogen (estradiol, E2) and estrogen receptors (ERs), particularly ERα. As a key nuclear transcription factor, ERα is a carcinogenic factor in EC. Its interactions with upstream and downstream effectors and co-regulators have important implications for the proliferation, metastasis, invasion and inhibition of apoptosis of EC. In the present review, the structure of ERα and the regulation of ERα in multiple dimensions are described. In addition, the classical E2/ERα signaling pathway and the crosstalk between ERα and other EC regulators are elucidated, as well as the therapeutic targeting of ERα, which may provide a new direction for clinical applications of ERα in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Ni
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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Yoshida H, Mizoguchi C, Saito A, Kitadai R, Yamamoto K, Nishikawa T, Kato T, Yonemori K. Discordances in expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 between primary and metastatic uterine carcinosarcoma: A proposal for HER2-targeted therapy specimen selection. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 65:152150. [PMID: 37119646 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2023.152150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) frequently expresses human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and metastasizes. However, little is known about changes in the HER2 expression status in metastatic lesions and its impact on clinical outcomes. In 41 patients with synchronous or metachronous metastases and matched primary UCSs, we assessed the HER-2 expression using immunohistochemistry and scored it per the 2016 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines, modified for UCS. We compared HER2 scores between paired primary and metastatic lesions and reviewed the association between clinicopathological characteristics and impact on overall survival. HER2 scores of 3+, 2+, 1+, and 0 were observed in 12.2 %, 34.2 %, 26.8 %, and 26.8 % of primary tumors, respectively, and 9.8 %, 19.5 %, 43.9 %, and 26.8 % of metastatic tumors, respectively. HER2 intratumoral heterogeneity occurred in 46.3 % and 19.5 % of the primary and metastatic lesions, respectively. The agreement rate of the HER2 score was 34.2 % in the four-tiered scale, while it was 70.7 % in the two-tiered scale (score 0 vs. score ≥ 1+) with fair agreement (к = 0.26). Patients with HER2 discordance showed significantly shorter overall survival (hazard ratios = 2.38, 95 % confidence interval 1.01-5.5, p = 0.049). HER2 discordance was not associated with specific clinicopathological characteristics. Discordance in HER2 status between primary and metastatic tumors in UCS was frequently observed regardless of clinicopathological characteristics and was a poor prognostic factor. Even if one tumor (primary or metastatic) is HER2 negative, HER2 testing of other tumors may be beneficial in terms of patient treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Chiharu Mizoguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ayumi Saito
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rui Kitadai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nishikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Koppikar S, Oaknin A, Babu KG, Lorusso D, Gupta S, Wu LY, Rajabto W, Harano K, Hong SH, Malik RA, Strebel H, Aggarwal IM, Lai CH, Dejthevaporn T, Tangjitgamol S, Cheng WF, Chay WY, Benavides D, Hashim NM, Moon YW, Yunokawa M, Anggraeni TD, Wei W, Curigliano G, Maheshwari A, Mahantshetty U, Sheshadri S, Peters S, Yoshino T, Pentheroudakis G. Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with endometrial cancer. ESMO Open 2023; 8:100774. [PMID: 36696825 PMCID: PMC10024150 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with endometrial cancer was published in 2022. It was therefore decided, by both the ESMO and the Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology (ISMPO), to convene a virtual meeting in July 2022 to adapt the ESMO 2022 guidelines to take into account the variations in the management of endometrial cancer in Asia. These guidelines represent the consensus opinion of a panel of Asian experts representing the oncological societies of China (CSCO), India (ISMPO), Indonesia (ISHMO), Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), the Philippines (PSMO), Singapore (SSO), Taiwan (TOS) and Thailand (TSCO). Voting was based on scientific evidence and was conducted independently of the current treatment practices and treatment access constraints in the different Asian countries, which were discussed when appropriate. The aim of this guideline manuscript is to provide guidance for the optimisation and harmonisation of the management of patients with endometrial cancer across the different regions of Asia, drawing on the evidence provided by Western and Asian trials whilst respecting the variations in clinical presentation, diagnostic practices including molecular profiling and disparities in access to therapeutic options, including drug approvals and reimbursement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koppikar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India; Department of Medical Oncology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - A Oaknin
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Govind Babu
- Department of Medical Oncology, HCG Hospital and St. Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - D Lorusso
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, Rome; Department of Women and Child Health, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - L-Y Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - W Rajabto
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - K Harano
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - S-H Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - R A Malik
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H Strebel
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, The Philippines
| | - I M Aggarwal
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C-H Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - T Dejthevaporn
- Medical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Tangjitgamol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand; Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Medpark Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - W F Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W Y Chay
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Benavides
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, U.P. College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, Manila, The Philippines
| | - N M Hashim
- Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, KPJ Johor Specialist Hospital, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Y W Moon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center (CBMC), CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - M Yunokawa
- Department of Gynecology and Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - T D Anggraeni
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - W Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A Maheshwari
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - U Mahantshetty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Hospital, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - S Sheshadri
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Peters
- Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Diéguez-Martínez N, Espinosa-Gil S, Yoldi G, Megías-Roda E, Bolinaga-Ayala I, Viñas-Casas M, Gorgisen G, Domingo-Ortí I, Pérez-Montoyo H, Bayascas JR, Colas E, Dolcet X, Lizcano JM. The ERK5/NF-κB signaling pathway targets endometrial cancer proliferation and survival. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:524. [PMID: 36123565 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common type of gynecologic cancer in women of developed countries. Despite surgery combined with chemo-/radiotherapy regimens, overall survival of patients with high-risk EC tumors is poor, indicating a need for novel therapies. The MEK5-ERK5 pathway is activated in response to growth factors and to different stressors, including oxidative stress and cytokines. Previous evidence supports a role for the MEK5-ERK5 pathway in the pathology of several cancers. We investigated the role of ERK5 in EC. In silico analysis of the PanCancer Atlas dataset showed alterations in components of the MEK5-ERK5 pathway in 48% of EC patients. Here, we show that ERK5 inhibition or silencing decreased EGF-induced EC cell proliferation, and that genetic deletion of MEK5 resulted in EC impaired proliferation and reduced tumor growth capacity in nude mice. Pharmacologic inhibition or ERK5 silencing impaired NF-kB pathway in EC cells and xenografts. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between ERK5 and p65/RELA protein levels in human EC tumor samples. Mechanistically, genetic or pharmacologic impairment of ERK5 resulted in downregulation of NEMO/IKKγ expression, leading to impaired p65/RELA activity and to apoptosis in EC cells and xenografts, which was rescued by NEMO/IKKγ overexpression. Notably, ERK5 inhibition, MEK5 deletion or NF-kB inhibition sensitized EC cells to standard EC chemotherapy (paclitaxel/carboplatin) toxicity, whereas ERK5 inhibition synergized with paclitaxel to reduce tumor xenograft growth in mice. Together, our results suggest that the ERK5-NEMO-NF-κB pathway mediates EC cell proliferation and survival. We propose the ERK5/NF-κB axis as new target for EC treatment.
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Currie JC, Demeule M, Charfi C, Zgheib A, Larocque A, Danalache BA, Ouanouki A, Béliveau R, Marsolais C, Annabi B. The Peptide-Drug Conjugate TH1902: A New Sortilin Receptor-Mediated Cancer Therapeutic against Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081877. [PMID: 35454785 PMCID: PMC9031804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin (SORT1) receptor-mediated endocytosis functions were exploited for this new approach for effective and safe treatments of gynecological cancers. Here, high expression of SORT1 was found in >75% of the clinically annotated ovarian and endometrial tumors analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Therefore, the anticancer properties of the peptide-drug conjugate TH1902, a peptide that targets SORT1 and which is linked to docetaxel molecules, were investigated both in vitro using ovarian and endometrial cancer cell cultures and in vivo using xenograft models. In vitro, TH1902 inhibited cell proliferation and triggered higher SORT1-dependent cell apoptosis than unconjugated docetaxel did in ES-2 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines. The uptake of the Alexa488-TH19P01 peptide from TH1902 was reduced upon siRNA-mediated silencing of SORT1. In vivo, weekly administration of TH1902 showed better tolerability compared to equivalent docetaxel doses and inhibited tumor growth in ovarian and endometrial xenograft mice models. TH1902 as a single agent inhibited ovarian tumor growth more than either of the unconjugated taxanes or carboplatin. Furthermore, TH1902 combination with carboplatin also demonstrated better efficacy when compared to both taxanes-carboplatin combinations. Overall, TH1902 shows better in vivo efficacy, compared to that of docetaxel and even paclitaxel, against SORT1-positive ovarian and endometrial cancers and could be safely combined with carboplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Currie
- Theratechnologies Inc., 2015 Peel Street, 11th Floor, Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada; (J.-C.C.); (M.D.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Michel Demeule
- Theratechnologies Inc., 2015 Peel Street, 11th Floor, Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada; (J.-C.C.); (M.D.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Cyndia Charfi
- Theratechnologies Inc., 2015 Peel Street, 11th Floor, Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada; (J.-C.C.); (M.D.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Alain Zgheib
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.Z.); (B.A.D.); (A.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Alain Larocque
- Theratechnologies Inc., 2015 Peel Street, 11th Floor, Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada; (J.-C.C.); (M.D.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Danalache
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.Z.); (B.A.D.); (A.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Amira Ouanouki
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.Z.); (B.A.D.); (A.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Richard Béliveau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.Z.); (B.A.D.); (A.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Christian Marsolais
- Theratechnologies Inc., 2015 Peel Street, 11th Floor, Montréal, QC H3A 1T8, Canada; (J.-C.C.); (M.D.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (A.Z.); (B.A.D.); (A.O.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-987-3000 (ext. 7610)
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Corr B, Cosgrove C, Spinosa D, Guntupalli S. Endometrial cancer: molecular classification and future treatments. BMJ Med 2022; 1:e000152. [PMID: 36936577 PMCID: PMC9978763 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The treatment for endometrial cancer is rapidly evolving with the development of molecular analysis and novel strategies. Surgical resection, cytotoxic chemotherapy, endocrine or hormonal treatment, and radiation have been the staples of treatment for decades. However, precision based approaches for tumours are rapidly becoming a part of these strategies. Biomarker driven treatments are now a part of primary and recurrent treatment algorithms. This review aims to describe the current state of molecular analysis and treatment for endometrial cancer as well as to elucidate potential approaches for the near future.
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Yoshimura T, Higashi S, Yamada S, Noguchi H, Nomoto M, Suzuki H, Ishida T, Takayama H, Hirano Y, Yamashita M, Tanimoto A, Nakamura N. PCP4/PEP19 and HER2 Are Novel Prognostic Markers in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010054. [PMID: 35008217 PMCID: PMC8750196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignancy of all salivary neoplasms, and no effective treatment strategy for MEC has been established other than resection. In this study, we showed that Purkinje cell protein (PCP) 4/peptide (PEP) 19 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are predicted to play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of MEC. The detection of PCP4/PEP19 and HER2 may be useful for providing more effective treatments against MEC. Abstract Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of the most common malignant salivary gland carcinomas, but no effective treatment strategy has been established other than surgical resection. Purkinje cell protein (PCP) 4/peptide (PEP) 19 is a calmodulin-binding antiapoptotic peptide that is expressed and inhibits apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an epidermal growth factor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many carcinomas, particularly breast and gastric carcinomas. In the present study, we performed immunohistochemical analyses of samples from 73 patients who underwent surgical resection for MEC of the salivary gland using antibodies against PCP4/PEP19 and HER2. PCP4/PEP19 expression was related to better prognosis, while HER2 expression was associated with worse prognosis. Patients that were PCP4/PEP19-positive and HER2-negative showed similar outcomes to PCP4/PEP19 and HER2 alone. Therefore, PCP4/PEP19 and HER2 are predicted to play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (Y.H.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-992-756-242; Fax: +81-992-756-248
| | - Shotaro Higashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (Y.H.); (N.N.)
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (H.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Mitsuharu Nomoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima 892-0853, Japan;
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (Y.H.); (N.N.)
| | - Takayuki Ishida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (Y.H.); (N.N.)
| | - Hirotaka Takayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (Y.H.); (N.N.)
| | - Yuka Hirano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (Y.H.); (N.N.)
| | - Masaru Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Field of Sensory Organology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan;
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (H.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Norifumi Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.); (H.T.); (Y.H.); (N.N.)
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