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Vohra M, Sharma AR, Mallya S, Prabhu NB, Jayaram P, Nagri SK, Umakanth S, Rai PS. Implications of genetic variations, differential gene expression, and allele-specific expression on metformin response in drug-naïve type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 46:1205-1218. [PMID: 36528847 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metformin is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals. Clinically, inter-individual variability of metformin response is of significant concern and is under interrogation. In this study, a targeted exome and whole transcriptome analysis were performed to identify predictive biomarkers of metformin response in drug-naïve T2DM individuals. METHODS The study followed a prospective study design. Drug-naïve T2DM individuals (n = 192) and controls (n = 223) were enrolled. T2DM individuals were administered with metformin monotherapy and defined as responders and non-responders based on their glycated haemoglobin change over three months. 146 T2DM individuals were used for the final analysis and remaining samples were lost during the follow-up. Target exome sequencing and RNA-seq was performed to analyze genetic and transcriptome profile. The selected SNPs were validated by genotyping and allele specific gene expression using the TaqMan assay. The gene prioritization, enrichment analysis, drug-gene interactions, disease-gene association, and correlation analysis were performed using various tools and databases. RESULTS rs1050152 and rs272893 in SLC22A4 were associated with improved response to metformin. The copy number loss was observed in PPARGC1A in the non-responders. The expression analysis highlighted potential differentially expressed targets for predicting metformin response (n = 35) and T2DM (n = 14). The expression of GDF15, TWISTNB, and RPL36A genes showed a maximum correlation with the change in HbA1c levels. The disease-gene association analysis highlighted MAGI2 rs113805659 to be linked with T2DM. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence for the genetic variations, perturbed transcriptome, allele-specific gene expression, and pathways associated with metformin drug response in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vohra
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - A R Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - S Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - N B Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - P Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - S K Nagri
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - S Umakanth
- Department of Medicine, Dr. T.M.A. Pai Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - P S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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Chatterjee S, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Dhama K, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. Relooking the monkeypox virus during this present outbreak: epidemiology to therapeutics and vaccines. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:5991-6003. [PMID: 36066177 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202208_29541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The recent monkeypox disease outbreak is another significant threat during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This viral disease is zoonotic and contagious. The viral disease outbreak is considered the substantial infection possessed by the Orthopoxvirus family species after the smallpox virus' obliteration, a representative of the same family. It has potentially threatened the Republic of Congo's regions and certain African subcontinent zones. Although repeated outbreaks have been reported in several parts of the world, as conferred from the epidemiological data, very little is explored about the disease landscape. Thus, here we have reviewed the current status of the monkeypox virus along with therapeutic options available to humanity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have accessed and reviewed the available literature on the monkeypox virus to highlight its epidemiology, pathogenicity, virulence, and therapeutic options available. For the review, we have searched different literature and database such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, etc., using different keywords such as "monkeypox", "Orthopox", "smallpox", "recent monkeypox outbreak", "therapeutic strategies", "monkeypox vaccines", etc. This review has included most of the significant references from 1983 to 2022. RESULTS It has been reported that the monkeypox virus shows a remarkable similarity with smallpox during the ongoing outbreak. Sometimes, it creates considerable confusion due to misdiagnosis and similarity with smallpox. The misdiagnosis of the disease should be immediately corrected by rendering some cutting-edge techniques especially intended to isolate the monkeypox virus. The pathophysiology and the histopathological data imply the immediate need to design effective therapeutics to confer resistance against the monkeypox virus. Most importantly, the potential implications of the disease are not given importance due to the lack of awareness programs. Moreover, specific evolutionary evidence is crucial for designing effective therapeutic strategies that confer high resistance, particularly against this species. CONCLUSIONS The review focuses on a brief overview of the recent monkeypox virus outbreak, infection biology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical symptoms, and therapeutic aspects. Such an attempt will support researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals for better treatment and containment of the infection caused by the monkeypox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Agoramoorthy G, Lee SS. COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination program for aging adults. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:6719-6730. [PMID: 34787877 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202111_27117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 vaccines have developed quickly, and vaccination programs have started in most countries to fight the pandemic. The aging population is vulnerable to different diseases, also including the COVID-19. A high death rate of COVID-19 was noted from the vulnerable aging population. A present scenario regarding COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination program foraging adults had been discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS This paper reviews the current status and future projections till 2050 of the aging population worldwide. It also discusses the immunosenescence and inflammaging issues facing elderly adults and how it affects the vaccinations such as influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster. RESULTS This paper recommends clinical trials for all approved COVID-19 vaccines targeting the elderly adult population and to project a plan to develop a next-generation COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS The review has mapped the COVID-19 vaccination status from the developed and developing countries for the elderly population. Finally, strategies to vaccinate all elderly adults globally against COVID-19 to enhance longevity has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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4
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Prabhu BN, Kanchamreddy SH, Sharma AR, Bhat SK, Bhat PV, Kabekkodu SP, Satyamoorthy K, Rai PS. Conceptualization of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of polycystic ovarian syndrome genes: an in silico approach. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1783-1793. [PMID: 33506367 PMCID: PMC8285346 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multi-faceted endocrinopathy frequently observed in reproductive-aged females, causing infertility. Cumulative evidence revealed that genetic and epigenetic variations, along with environmental factors, were linked with PCOS. Deciphering the molecular pathways of PCOS is quite complicated due to the availability of limited molecular information. Hence, to explore the influence of genetic variations in PCOS, we mapped the GWAS genes and performed a computational analysis to identify the SNPs and their impact on the coding and non-coding sequences. METHODS The causative genes of PCOS were searched using the GWAS catalog, and pathway analysis was performed using ClueGO. SNPs were extracted using an Ensembl genome browser, and missense variants were shortlisted. Further, the native and mutant forms of the deleterious SNPs were modeled using I-TASSER, Swiss-PdbViewer, and PyMOL. MirSNP, PolymiRTS, miRNASNP3, and SNP2TFBS, SNPInspector databases were used to find SNPs in the miRNA binding site and transcription factor binding site (TFBS), respectively. EnhancerDB and HaploReg were used to characterize enhancer SNPs. Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) analysis was performed using LDlink. RESULTS 25 PCOS genes showed interaction with 18 pathways. 7 SNPs were predicted to be deleterious using different pathogenicity predictions. 4 SNPs were found in the miRNA target site, TFBS, and enhancer sites and were in LD with reported PCOS GWAS SNPs. CONCLUSION Computational analysis of SNPs residing in PCOS genes may provide insight into complex molecular interactions among genes involved in PCOS pathophysiology. It may also aid in determining the causal variants and consequently contributing to predicting disease strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S H Kanchamreddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - A R Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S K Bhat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr. T.M.A Pai Hospital, MMMC, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - P V Bhat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr. T.M.A Pai Hospital, MMMC, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S P Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - K Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - P S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Mallick B, Bhattacharya M, Sharma G, Lee SS. Evaluation of molecular interaction, physicochemical parameters and conserved pattern of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and hACE2: in silico and molecular dynamics approach. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:1708-1723. [PMID: 33629340 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202102_24881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 is a global warning for the healthcare system. The spike protein of virus SARS-CoV-2 is significant because of two reasons. Firstly, the spike protein of this virus binds with the human ACE2 (hACE2) receptor. Secondly, it has several antigenic regions that might be targeted for vaccine development. However, the structural analytical data for the spike protein of this virus is not available. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we performed an analysis to understand the structural two subunits of S glycoprotein (S gp) of SARS-CoV-2. Further, an analysis of secondary structure components and the tertiary structure analysis of RBD was carried out. We also performed molecular interaction analysis between S gp of this virus and hACE2 as well as between SARS-CoV S gp and hACE2 to compare the binding properties of these two viruses. RESULTS We noted that the molecular interaction of SARS-CoV-2 S gp and hACE2 form eleven hydrogen bonds, while the molecular interaction of SARS-CoV S gp and hACE2 receptor form seven hydrogen bonds, indicating that the molecular interaction of SARS-CoV-2 S gp and hACE2 receptor is more stable than SARS-CoV S gp and hACE2 receptor. The pairwise sequence alignment of S gp SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 shows several conserved residues of these two proteins. Besides, conserved pattern analysis of SARS-CoV-2 S gp and hACE2 revealed the presence of several highly conserved regions for these two proteins. The molecular dynamics simulation shows a stable interplay between SARS-CoV-2 S gp with the hACE2 receptor. CONCLUSIONS The present study might help determine the SARS-CoV-2 virus entrance mechanism into the human cell. Moreover, the understanding of the conserved regions may help in the process of therapeutic development from the infection of the deadly virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Gururani K, Sood S, Kumar A, Joshi DC, Pandey D, Sharma AR. Mainstreaming Barahnaja cultivation for food and nutritional security in the Himalayan region. Biodivers Conserv 2021; 30:551-574. [PMID: 33526962 PMCID: PMC7838019 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-021-02123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective production of input intensive crops in the present scenario have resulted in productivity stagnation or even decline due to excessive usage of chemicals, affecting the farmers economically. Sustainable agriculture is the way to increase agricultural productivity and economic prosperity by protecting all natural resources. It maintains a balance of soil fertility with crop productivity and nutritional quality. The mixed cropping systems followed earlier in different regions according to their tradition, climatic zone, soil and water conditions were climate-smart approaches to sustainable food production based on practical experiences over the years of old generations. The life style changes, imbalance in farming system in last 70 years and demand for more food as well as declining land resources resulted in intensive agriculture. Besides, least returns and less demand of ethnic crops gave more preference to major staple food crops. Barahnaja is a traditional orphan crops based mixed cropping system practiced in Himalayan region due to its sustainability and assured crop harvest during erratic weather conditions. This traditional farming method is an exemplary scientific approach to derive innovations with respect to productivity, quality, plant soil interactions and organic agriculture. The main focus of the review is to substantiate the characteristics of the traditional mixed cropping system by describing the advantages of the system and opportunities for scientific innovation towards new knowledge and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gururani
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - Salej Sood
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute Shimla, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Central Agricultural University, Jhanshi, UP India
| | - Dinesh C. Joshi
- ICAR-Vivekanada Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, Uttarakhand 263601 India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India
| | - A. R. Sharma
- Central Agricultural University, Jhanshi, UP India
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Sharma G, Agoramoorthy G, Lee SS. Diabetes and COVID-19: a major challenge in pandemic period? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:11409-11420. [PMID: 33215463 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202011_23634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a lifestyle disease and it has become an epidemic worldwide in recent decades. In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation, diabetes has become a serious health concern since large numbers of patients are vulnerable to die from the virus. Thus, diabetic patients affected by COVID-19 cause a major health crisis now. Reports show that large occurrence of diabetes makes it a serious comorbidity in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS It is crucial to understand how COVID-19 affects diabetes patients. This paper has reviewed published literature extensively to understand the pattern, importance, care, and medication. RESULTS This review summarizes the association between COVID-19 and diabetes in terms of susceptibility for pneumonia and other diseases. It also discusses the harshness of COVID-19 with diabetes populations and immunological impacts. It further adds the ACE2 receptor role in diabetes with COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS Finally, this paper illustrates different types of diabetes management techniques, such as blood glucose management, self-management, mental health management, and therapeutic management. It also summarizes the current knowledge about diabetic patients with COVID-19 to fight this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Sharma AR, Batra G, Kumar M, Mishra A, Singla R, Singh A, Singh RS, Medhi B. BCG as a game-changer to prevent the infection and severity of COVID-19 pandemic? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:507-517. [PMID: 32653224 PMCID: PMC7332934 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 is changing with country wise and depend on universal immunization policies. COVID-19 badly affects countries that did not have universal immunization policies or having them only for the selective population of countries (highly prominent population) like Italy, USA, UK, Netherland, etc. Universal immunization of BCG can provide great protection against the COVID-19 infection because the BCG vaccine gives broad protection against respiratory infections. BCG vaccine induces expressions of the gene that are involved in the antiviral innate immune response against viral infections with long-term maintenance of BCG vaccine-induced cellular immunity. COVID-19 cases are reported very much less in the countries with universal BCG vaccination policies such as India, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Israel, Japan, etc. as compared to without BCG implemented countries such as the USA, Italy, Spain, Canada, UK, etc. BCG vaccine provides protection for 50–60 years of immunization, so the elderly population needs to be revaccinated with BCG. Several countries started clinical trials of the BCG vaccine for health care workers and elderly people. BCG can be uses as a prophylactic treatment until the availability of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sharma
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Neurology, India
| | - G Batra
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Neurology, India
| | - M Kumar
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India
| | - A Mishra
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India
| | - R Singla
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India
| | - A Singh
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India
| | - R S Singh
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India
| | - B Medhi
- Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, India.
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Bhattacharya M, Lee SS. SARS-CoV-2 causing pneumonia-associated respiratory disorder (COVID-19): diagnostic and proposed therapeutic options. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:4016-4026. [PMID: 32329877 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202004_20871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the outbreak of severe respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Wuhan City, China and is now spreading rapidly throughout the world. The prompt outbreak of COVID-19 and its quick spread without any controllable measure defines the severity of the situation. In this crisis, a collective pool of knowledge about the advancement of clinical diagnostic and management for COVID-19 is a prerequisite. Here, we summarize all the available updates on the multidisciplinary approaches for the advancement of diagnosis and proposed therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Moreover, the review discusses different aspects of the COVID-19, including its epidemiology; incubation period; the general clinical features of patients; the clinical features of intensive care unit (ICU) patients; SARS-CoV-2 infection in the presence of co-morbid diseases and the clinical features of pediatric patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Advances in various diagnostic approaches, such as the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), chest radiography, and computed tomography (CT) imaging; and other modern diagnostic methods, for this infection have been highlighted. However, due to the unavailability of adequate evidence, presently there are no officially approved drugs or vaccines available against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we have discussed various therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 under different categories, like the possible treatment plans with drug (antiviral drugs and anti-cytokines) therapy for disease prevention. Lastly, potentials candidates for the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described. Collectively, the review provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreak along with the recent advancements and strategies for diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chakraborty
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea.
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Nath CP, Dubey RP, Sharma AR, Hazra KK, Kumar N, Singh SS. Evaluation of New Generation Post-emergence Herbicides in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Natl Acad Sci Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-017-0604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shah SA, Rangarajan V, Purandare NC, Sharma AR, Arora AC, Parasar DS. A pilot study to compare 8 - FDG and F18 PET/CT study in delineating metastases in suspected skeletal disease. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e22052 Title: A pilot study to compare the 18 - FDG and F18 PET/CT study in delineating metastases in suspected skeletal disease. Background: Flourodeoxy glucose (FDG), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans have been used to identify metastatic disease including skeletal lesions. But the advent of Flourine -18 (F - 18), has necessitated a need to identify its accuracy over FDG scans. Aim: To evaluate and compare FDG PET/CT and F18 PET/CT studies in locating skeletal metastases in patients with suspected disease. Methods: A pilot study was carried out on 27 patients who were referred for a FDG PET/CT study for suspected skeletal disease. A whole body (skull to ankle) FDG PET/CT study followed by a F18 PET/CT bone scan within a period of 1 week was performed. A total of 150 lesions with increased tracer concentration on FDG and F18 scan were analyzed and the characteristics of the lesion on corresponding CT images were noted. Results: Of the 150 lesions noted, 49 were seen in both FDG and F18 scans. 11 were sclerotic,16 lytic, 17 mixed while CT was normal in 5 lesion. 95 of the 101 mismatched lesions were seen on F18 scan alone & were not appreciated on the FDG scan. 40% were sclerotic, 12% mixed and 11.5% were lytic. Degenerative changes comprised 12% lesions. Only 6 mismatched lesions were seen on FDG and not appreciated on F18 study.They showed no morphological abnormality on CT. 9 patients with a negative FDG scan showed lesions ranging from solitary to 16 on F18 scan, while 5 patients who had a single metastasis on FDG showed more than 6 lesions on a F18 scan. Conclusions: A F18 PET/CT study detects more skeletal lesions than FDG PET and can thus has a potential to impact patient management . Sclerotic lesions missed on FDG scans seem to be better picked on F18 scans. This pilot study provides the feasibility of a prospective study in a larger patient population to validate the impact of F18 scan in identifying skeletal metastases in various malignancies with a predisposition to bone spread. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Shah
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - V. Rangarajan
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - N. C. Purandare
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A. R. Sharma
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A. C. Arora
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - D. S. Parasar
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Sharma AR, McGue MK, Benson PL. The psychological adjustment of United States adopted adolescents and their nonadopted siblings. Child Dev 1998; 69:791-802. [PMID: 9680685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Using data from a national sample of 715 United States adoptive families, comparisons were made between adopted adolescents and birth adolescents (children born to the adoptive parents) on the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach), 8 psychological and behavioral adjustment factor scales from the Attitudes and Behaviors survey (Benson), and an identity scale (Search Institute). Multivariate, followed by univariate, analyses of variance showed significant differences between the 2 groups on the psychological factor scales of Licit Drug Use and School Adjustment. A subsample of nonclinically referred adopted adolescents were also compared to norms on the Youth Self-Report. Nonreferred adopted boys showed higher levels of adjustment than the norm group on Withdrawn behaviors. Nonreferred adopted girls showed better adjustment than the norm group on Social Problems and Withdrawn behaviors and poorer adjustment on Delinquent Behavior and Externalizing behavior. (Standardized effect sizes were in the small to moderate range.) These same patterns were evidenced when controlling for ethnicity. These data are examined within Brodzinsky's stress and coping model of adoptee adjustment and support a body of adoption research that finds a pattern of small but significant differences between adopted and nonadopted persons. The differences showing poorer adoptee adjustment in comparison to nonadoptees should not be overstated as is sometimes the case in the adoption clinical literature, and areas in which adoptees evidence higher levels of psychological functioning should be further researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sharma
- Search Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA.
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Sarkar S, Mookerjee P, Roy A, Naik TN, Singh JK, Sharma AR, Singh YI, Singh PK, Tripathy SP, Pal SC. Descriptive epidemiology of intravenous heroin users--a new risk group for transmission of HIV in India. J Infect 1991; 23:201-7. [PMID: 1753123 DOI: 10.1016/0163-4453(91)92364-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
India is considered to have a low incidence of HIV infection so far. Nevertheless, an epidemic of HIV infection has been reported recently among intra-venous drug users (IVDUs) in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India, bordering Myanmar (Burma). This report describes the epidemiology of intravenous drug abuse in the state of Manipur. Four hundred and fifty IVDUs were interviewed. Their age (median 24 years) and sex patterns (95% male) differ from those reported from western countries. It is estimated that there may be approximately 15,000 such addicts in a population of 1.8 million and 50% of them could be positive for HIV. Knowledge of AIDS and its transmission is significantly higher among the addicts than non-addict controls. Free availability of heroin was found to be the major factor responsible for the high rate of addiction. It is presumed that two other neighbouring States which are well-connected to Manipur and also have a common border with Myanmar (part of the 'Golden Triangle') may have a similar problem with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarkar
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta, India
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