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Langfield T, Clarke K, Sadab AA, Jones A, Robinson E. Impact of dishware size on energy intake in adult females: A randomized control trial examining effects on within-meal and post-meal energy intake. Appetite 2024; 197:107296. [PMID: 38485059 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The influence dishware size has on meal energy intake is unclear and no study to date has examined the impact on total daily energy intake. In a pre-registered RCT we investigate the impact of breakfast dishware size on breakfast and post-breakfast energy intake, as well as daily energy intake and hunger/fullness. In a repeated-measures design, 50 females (aged 18-77 years) were randomised to receive smaller or larger breakfast dishware on two separate days. Energy intake was also measured during the rest of the day. The primary outcomes were breakfast and post-breakfast energy intake (kcal). Secondary outcomes were total daily energy intake (kcal), and hunger/fullness (rated from 0 to 100). We examined if results differed by socioeconomic position (SEP). Dishware did not affect energy intake at breakfast (smaller: M = 394.8 kcal; SD = 172.2 larger: M = 394.4 kcal; SD = 164.4; d = 0.003, p = 0.98), and there was no statistically significant evidence that dishware size affected energy intake after breakfast, though post-breakfast energy intake was somewhat higher after using larger breakfast dishware (smaller: M = 1974.6 kcal; SD = 475.2; larger: M = 2077.5 kcal; SD = 525.9; d = -0.27, p = 0.06). Total daily energy intake, hunger and fullness ratings did not significantly differ between dishware conditions. There was no evidence that SEP moderated the effect of dishware size on energy intake. Smaller vs. larger breakfast dishware size had no significant effect on breakfast or post-breakfast energy intake, hunger, fullness, or daily energy intake. Previous studies may have overestimated the promise of dishware size as an intervention for reducing energy intake. Alternative interventions targeting the food environment should now be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Langfield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Katie Clarke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ahmed A Sadab
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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2
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Garofalo C, Jones A, Nentjes L, Gillespie SM. Psychopathy and gaze cueing. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 83:101936. [PMID: 38128274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Psychopathic traits - and especially callous affective features - have been linked to altered processing of others' emotional expressions, and to reduced attention to the eyes. Despite the importance of gaze cueing (i.e., the tendency to orient attention toward where someone else is looking) for social functioning, few studies have investigated relationships between psychopathic traits and gaze cueing, and whether facial emotional expression influence these relationships, obtaining mixed results. To address this gap, the present study aimed to evaluate associations between psychopathic traits and gaze cueing for emotional and neutral expressions. METHODS 65 non-clinical male participants (Mage = 27.3 years) completed two self-report measures of psychopathy and performed laboratory tasks to assess gaze-cueing for emotional vs. neutral faces and an arrow-cueing task as a comparison. RESULTS Linear mixed models showed no significant associations of emotional (versus neutral) expressions, or psychopathy trait dimensions, with either gaze cueing or arrow cueing. LIMITATIONS Reliance on a convenience sample of non-clinical men, assessed with self-reports measures of psychopathy, and using static emotional stimuli limit the generalizability of our findings. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that psychopathic traits are not associated with individual differences in following others' gaze to direct attention, and that there was no advantage for affective relative to neutral expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Garofalo
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moore's University, United Kingdom
| | - Lieke Nentjes
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven M Gillespie
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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3
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Torbahn G, Jones A, Griffiths A, Matu J, Metzendorf MI, Ells LJ, Gartlehner G, Kelly AS, Weghuber D, Brown T. Pharmacological interventions for the management of children and adolescents living with obesity-An update of a Cochrane systematic review with meta-analyses. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13113. [PMID: 38454737 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The effectiveness of anti-obesity medications for children and adolescents is unclear. OBJECTIVE To update the evidence on the benefits and harms of anti-obesity medication. DATA SOURCES Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP (1/1/16-17/3/23). STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials ≥6 months in people <19 years living with obesity. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Screening, data extraction and quality assessment conducted in duplicate, independently. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Body mass index (BMI): 95th percentile BMI, adverse events and quality of life. RESULTS Thirty-five trials (N = 4331), follow-up: 6-24 months; age: 8.8-16.3 years; BMI: 26.2-41.7 kg/m2. Moderate certainty evidence demonstrated a -1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.27 to -1.14)-unit BMI reduction, ranging from -0.8 to -5.9 units between individual drugs with semaglutide producing the largest reduction of -5.88 kg/m2 (95% CI: -6.99 to -4.77, N = 201). Drug type explained ~44% of heterogeneity. Low certainty evidence demonstrated reduction in 95th percentile BMI: -11.88 percentage points (95% CI: -18.43 to -5.30, N = 668). Serious adverse events and study discontinuation due to adverse events did not differ between medications and comparators, but medication dose adjustments were higher compared to comparator (10.6% vs 1.7%; RR = 3.74 [95% CI: 1.51 to 9.26], I2 = 15%), regardless of approval status. There was a trend towards improved quality of life. Evidence gaps exist for children, psychosocial outcomes, comorbidities and weight loss maintenance. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Anti-obesity medications in addition to behaviour change improve BMI but may require dose adjustment, with 1 in 100 adolescents experiencing a serious adverse event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Torbahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum Nürnberg, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alex Griffiths
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jamie Matu
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Maria-Inti Metzendorf
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Louisa J Ells
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Gerald Gartlehner
- Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, Cochrane Austria, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aaron S Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tamara Brown
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Karakashevska E, Derpsch Y, Jones A, Makin ADJ. The extrastriate symmetry response is robust to alcohol intoxication. Psychophysiology 2024:e14593. [PMID: 38643374 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Visual symmetry activates a network of regions in the extrastriate cortex and generates an event-related potential (ERP) called the sustained posterior negativity (SPN). Previous work has found that the SPN is robust to experimental manipulations of task, spatial attention, and memory load. In the current study, we investigated whether the SPN is also robust to alcohol-induced changes in mental state. A pilot experiment (N = 13) found that alcohol unexpectedly increased SPN amplitude. We followed this unexpected result with two new experiments on separate groups, using an alcohol challenge paradigm. One group completed an Oddball discrimination task (N = 26). Another group completed a Regularity discrimination task (N = 26). In both groups, participants consumed a medium dose of alcohol (0.65 g/kg body weight) and a placebo drink, in separate sessions. Alcohol reduced SPN amplitude in the Oddball task (contrary to the pilot results) but had no effect on SPN amplitude in the Regularity task. In contrast, the N1 wave was consistently dampened by alcohol in all experiments. Exploratory analysis indicated that the inconsistent effect of alcohol on SPN amplitude may be partly explained by individual differences in alcohol use. Alcohol reduced the SPN in light drinkers and increased it in heavier drinkers. Despite remaining questions, the results highlight the automaticity of symmetry processing. Symmetry still produces a large SPN response, even when participants are intoxicated, and even when symmetry is not task relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Karakashevska
- Department of Psychology, Population Health Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yiovanna Derpsch
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexis D J Makin
- Department of Psychology, Population Health Institute, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Polden M, Jones A, Essman M, Adams J, Bishop T, Burgoine T, Donohue A, Sharp S, White M, Smith R, Robinson E. Point-of-choice kilocalorie labelling practices in large, out-of-home food businesses: a preobservational versus post observational study of labelling practices following implementation of The Calorie Labelling (Out of Home Sector) (England) Regulations 2021. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080405. [PMID: 38604637 PMCID: PMC11015320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES On 6 April 2022, the UK government implemented mandatory kilocalorie (kcal) labelling regulations for food and drink products sold in the out-of-home food sector (OHFS) in England. Previous assessments of kcal labelling practices in the UK OHFS found a low prevalence of voluntary implementation and poor compliance with labelling recommendations. This study aimed to examine changes in labelling practices preimplementation versus post implementation of mandatory labelling regulations in 2022. METHODS In August-December 2021 (preimplementation) and August-November 2022 (post implementation), large OHFS businesses (250 or more employees) subject to labelling regulations were visited. At two time points, a researcher visited the same 117 food outlets (belonging to 90 unique businesses) across four local authorities in England. Outlets were rated for compliance with government regulations for whether kcal labelling was provided at any or all point of choice, provided for all eligible food and drink items, provided per portion for sharing items, if labelling was clear and legible and if kcal reference information was displayed. RESULTS There was a significant increase (21% preimplementation vs 80% post implementation, OR=40.98 (95% CI 8.08 to 207.74), p<0.001) in the proportion of outlets providing any kcal labelling at point-of-choice post implementation. Only 15% of outlets met all labelling compliance criteria post implementation, with a minority of outlets not presenting labelling in a clear (33%) or legible (29%) way. CONCLUSION The number of large businesses in the OHFS providing kcal labelling increased following the implementation of mandatory labelling regulations. However, around one-fifth of eligible outlets sampled were not providing kcal labelling 4-8 months after the regulations came into force, and the majority of businesses only partially complied with government guidance. More effective enforcement may be required to further improve kcal labelling practices in the OHFS in England. PREREGISTRATION Study protocol and analysis strategy preregistered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pfnm6/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Polden
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Michael Essman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom Bishop
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephen Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Smith
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Gilbertson RJ, Behjati S, Böttcher AL, Bronner ME, Burridge M, Clausing H, Clifford H, Danaher T, Donovan LK, Drost J, Eggermont AMM, Emerson C, Flores MG, Hamerlik P, Jabado N, Jones A, Kaessmann H, Kleinman CL, Kool M, Kutscher LM, Lindberg G, Linnane E, Marioni JC, Maris JM, Monje M, Macaskill A, Niederer S, Northcott PA, Peeters E, Plieger-van Solkema W, Preußner L, Rios AC, Rippe K, Sandford P, Sgourakis NG, Shlien A, Smith P, Straathof K, Sullivan PJ, Suvà ML, Taylor MD, Thompson E, Vento-Tormo R, Wainwright BJ, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Westermann F, Winslade S, Al-Lazikani B, Pfister SM. The Virtual Child. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:663-668. [PMID: 38571421 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
SUMMARY We are building the world's first Virtual Child-a computer model of normal and cancerous human development at the level of each individual cell. The Virtual Child will "develop cancer" that we will subject to unlimited virtual clinical trials that pinpoint, predict, and prioritize potential new treatments, bringing forward the day when no child dies of cancer, giving each one the opportunity to lead a full and healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Gilbertson
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Lisa Böttcher
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura K Donovan
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Paediatrics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Henrick Kaessmann
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lena M Kutscher
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Origins of Pediatric Cancer Junior Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Emily Linnane
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John C Marioni
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Steven Niederer
- Turing Research and Innovation Cluster in Digital Twins (TRIC: DT), The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karsten Rippe
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Chromatin Networks, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaos G Sgourakis
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Shlien
- Genetics and Genomics Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pete Smith
- Hula Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karin Straathof
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Hematology-Oncology Section and Department of Pediatrics - Hematology/Oncology and Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Brandon J Wainwright
- The University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Frank Westermann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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Montgomery KB, Mellinger JD, Jones A, McLeod MC, Zmijewski P, Sarosi GA, Brasel KJ, Klingensmith ME, Minter RM, Buyske J, Lindeman B. Validity of Entrustable Professional Activities in a National Sample of General Surgery Residency Programs. J Am Coll Surg 2024; 238:376-384. [PMID: 38224150 PMCID: PMC10942265 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Board of Surgery has endorsed competency-based education as vital to the assessment of surgical training. From 2018 to 2020, a national pilot study was conducted at 28 general surgery programs to evaluate feasibility of implementing entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for 5 common general surgical conditions. ACGME core competency Milestones were also rated for each resident by program clinical competency committees. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of general surgery EPAs compared with Milestones. STUDY DESIGN Prospectively collected, de-identified EPA Pilot Study data were analyzed. EPAs studied were EPA-1 (gallbladder), EPA-2 (inguinal hernia), EPA-3 (right lower quadrant pain), EPA-4 (trauma), and EPA-5 (consult). Variables abstracted included levels of EPA entrustment (1 to 5) and corresponding ACGME Milestone subcompetency ratings (1 to 5) for the same study cycle. Spearman's correlations were used to evaluate the relationship between summative EPA scores and corresponding Milestone ratings. RESULTS A total of 493 unique residents received a summative entrustment decision. EPA summative entrustment scores had moderate-to-strong positive correlation with mapped Milestone subcompetencies, with median rho value of 0.703. Among operation-focused EPAs, median rho values were similar between EPA-1 (0.688) and EPA-2 (0.661), but higher for EPA-3 (0.833). EPA-4 showed a strong positive correlation with diagnosis and communication competencies (0.724), whereas EPA-5, mapped to the most Milestone subcompetencies, had the lowest median rho value (0.455). CONCLUSIONS Moderate-to-strong positive correlation was noted between EPAs and patient care, medical knowledge, and communication Milestones. These findings support the validity of EPAs in general surgery and suggest that EPA assessments can be used to inform Milestone ratings by clinical competency committees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D Mellinger
- American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL
| | | | - M Chandler McLeod
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Polina Zmijewski
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - George A Sarosi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Karen J Brasel
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Mary E Klingensmith
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, IL
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Jo Buyske
- American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brenessa Lindeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Basenko EY, Shanmugasundram A, Böhme U, Starns D, Wilkinson PA, Davison HR, Crouch K, Maslen G, Harb OS, Amos B, McDowell MA, Kissinger JC, Roos DS, Jones A. What is new in FungiDB: a web-based bioinformatics platform for omics-scale data analysis for fungal and oomycete species. Genetics 2024:iyae035. [PMID: 38529759 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
FungiDB (https://fungidb.org) serves as a valuable online resource that seamlessly integrates genomic and related large-scale data for a wide range of fungal and oomycete species. As an integral part of the VEuPathDB Bioinformatics Resource Center (https://veupathdb.org), FungiDB continually integrates both published and unpublished data addressing various aspects of fungal biology. Established in early 2011, the database has evolved to support 674 datasets. The datasets include over 300 genomes spanning various taxa (e.g. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, as well as Albuginales, Peronosporales, Pythiales, and Saprolegniales). In addition to genomic assemblies and annotation, over 300 extra datasets encompassing diverse information, such as expression and variation data, are also available. The resource also provides an intuitive web-based interface, facilitating comprehensive approaches to data mining and visualization. Users can test their hypotheses and navigate through omics-scale datasets using a built-in search strategy system. Moreover, FungiDB offers capabilities for private data analysis via the integrated VEuPathDB Galaxy platform. FungiDB also permits genome improvements by capturing expert knowledge through the User Comments system and the Apollo genome annotation editor for structural and functional gene curation. FungiDB facilitates data exploration and analysis and contributes to advancing research efforts by capturing expert knowledge for fungal and oomycete species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Y Basenko
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Achchuthan Shanmugasundram
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
- Genomics England Limited, London E14 5AB, UK
| | - Ulrike Böhme
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - David Starns
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Paul A Wilkinson
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Helen R Davison
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Kathryn Crouch
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Omar S Harb
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | - David S Roos
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
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9
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Gavillet H, Hatfield L, Jones A, Maitra A, Horsley A, Rivett D, van der Gast C. Ecological patterns and processes of temporal turnover within lung infection microbiota. Microbiome 2024; 12:63. [PMID: 38523273 PMCID: PMC10962200 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection and consequent airway inflammation are the leading causes of morbidity and early mortality for people living with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, lower airway infections across a range of chronic respiratory diseases, including in CF, do not follow classical 'one microbe, one disease' concepts of infection pathogenesis. Instead, they are comprised of diverse and temporally dynamic lung infection microbiota. Consequently, temporal dynamics need to be considered when attempting to associate lung microbiota with changes in disease status. Set within an island biogeography framework, we aimed to determine the ecological patterns and processes of temporal turnover within the lung microbiota of 30 paediatric and adult CF patients prospectively sampled over a 3-year period. Moreover, we aimed to ascertain the contributions of constituent chronic and intermittent colonizers on turnover within the wider microbiota. RESULTS The lung microbiota within individual patients was partitioned into constituent chronic and intermittent colonizing groups using the Leeds criteria and visualised with persistence-abundance relationships. This revealed bacteria chronically infecting a patient were both persistent and common through time, whereas intermittently infecting taxa were infrequent and rare; respectively representing the resident and transient portions of the wider microbiota. It also indicated that the extent of chronic colonization was far greater than could be appreciated with microbiological culture alone. Using species-time relationships to measure temporal turnover and Vellend's rationalized ecological processes demonstrated turnover in the resident chronic infecting groups was conserved and underpinned principally by the deterministic process of homogenizing dispersal. Conversely, intermittent colonizing groups, representing newly arrived immigrants and transient species, drove turnover in the wider microbiota and were predominately underpinned by the stochastic process of drift. For adult patients, homogenizing dispersal and drift were found to be significantly associated with lung function. Where a greater frequency of homogenizing dispersal was observed with worsening lung function and conversely drift increased with better lung function. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides a novel ecological framework for understanding the temporal dynamics of polymicrobial infection in CF that has translational potential to guide and improve therapeutic targeting of lung microbiota in CF and across a range of chronic airway diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Gavillet
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Lauren Hatfield
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Horsley
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Damian Rivett
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - Christopher van der Gast
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.
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10
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Brink K, Thomas CL, Jones A, Chan TW, Mallon EB. Exploring the ageing methylome in the model insect, Nasonia vitripennis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:305. [PMID: 38519892 PMCID: PMC10958858 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ageing process is a multifaceted phenomenon marked by the gradual deterioration of cellular and organismal functions, accompanied by an elevated susceptibility to diseases. The intricate interplay between genetic and environmental factors complicates research, particularly in complex mammalian models. In this context, simple invertebrate organisms have been pivotal, but the current models lack detectable DNA methylation limiting the exploration of this critical epigenetic ageing mechanism. This study introduces Nasonia vitripennis, the jewel wasp, as an innovative invertebrate model for investigating the epigenetics of ageing. Leveraging its advantages as a model organism and possessing a functional DNA methylation system, Nasonia emerges as a valuable addition to ageing research. RESULTS Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing unveiled dynamic alterations in DNA methylation, with differentially methylated CpGs between distinct time points in both male and female wasps. These changes were associated with numerous genes, enriching for functions related to telomere maintenance, histone methylation, and mRNA catabolic processes. Additionally, other CpGs were found to be variably methylated at each timepoint. Sex-specific effects on epigenetic entropy were observed, indicating differential patterns in the loss of epigenetic stability over time. Constructing an epigenetic clock containing 19 CpGs revealed a robust correlation between epigenetic age and chronological age. CONCLUSIONS Nasonia vitripennis emerges as a promising model for investigating the epigenetics of ageing, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of DNA methylation and their implications for age-related processes. This research not only expands the repertoire of ageing models but also opens avenues for deeper exploration of epigenetic mechanisms in the context of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brink
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK
| | - C L Thomas
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK
| | - A Jones
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Muenster, Huefferstrabe, Muenster, Germany
| | - T W Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - E B Mallon
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK.
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11
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Caterson J, Ambler O, Cereceda-Monteoliva N, Horner M, Jones A, Poacher AT. Application of generative language models to orthopaedic practice. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076484. [PMID: 38485486 PMCID: PMC10941106 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether large language models (LLMs) Generated Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-3 and ChatGPT can write clinical letters and predict management plans for common orthopaedic scenarios. DESIGN Fifteen scenarios were generated and ChatGPT and GPT-3 prompted to write clinical letters and separately generate management plans for identical scenarios with plans removed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Letters were assessed for readability using the Readable Tool. Accuracy of letters and management plans were assessed by three independent orthopaedic surgery clinicians. RESULTS Both models generated complete letters for all scenarios after single prompting. Readability was compared using Flesch-Kincade Grade Level (ChatGPT: 8.77 (SD 0.918); GPT-3: 8.47 (SD 0.982)), Flesch Readability Ease (ChatGPT: 58.2 (SD 4.00); GPT-3: 59.3 (SD 6.98)), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index (ChatGPT: 11.6 (SD 0.755); GPT-3: 11.4 (SD 1.01)), and reach (ChatGPT: 81.2%; GPT-3: 80.3%). ChatGPT produced more accurate letters (8.7/10 (SD 0.60) vs 7.3/10 (SD 1.41), p=0.024) and management plans (7.9/10 (SD 0.63) vs 6.8/10 (SD 1.06), p<0.001) than GPT-3. However, both LLMs sometimes omitted key information or added additional guidance which was at worst inaccurate. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that LLMs are effective for generation of clinical letters. With little prompting, they are readable and mostly accurate. However, they are not consistent, and include inappropriate omissions or insertions. Furthermore, management plans produced by LLMs are generic but often accurate. In the future, a healthcare specific language model trained on accurate and secure data could provide an excellent tool for increasing the efficiency of clinicians through summarisation of large volumes of data into a single clinical letter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Ambler
- Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | | | - Matthew Horner
- Trauma Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Arwel Tomos Poacher
- Trauma Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
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12
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Mukkawar V, Roy D, Sue-ob K, Jones A, Zhang C, Kumar Bhagat P, Kakkunnath SM, Heuer S, Sadanandom A. SUMOylation of OsPSTOL1 is essential for regulating phosphate starvation responses in rice and Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1274610. [PMID: 38516661 PMCID: PMC10954814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1274610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although rice is one of the main sources of calories for most of the world, nearly 60% of rice is grown in soils that are low in phosphorus especially in Asia and Africa. Given the limitations of bioavailable inorganic phosphate (Pi) in soils, it is important to develop crops tolerant to low phosphate in order to boost food security. Due to the immobile nature of Pi, plants have developed complex molecular signalling pathways that allow them to discern changes in Pi concentrations in the environment and adapt their growth and development. Recently, in rice, it was shown that a specific serine-threonine kinase known as Phosphorus-starvation tolerance 1 (PSTOL1) is important for conferring low phosphate tolerance in rice. Nonetheless, knowledge about the mechanism underpinning PSTOL1 activity in conferring low Pi tolerance is very limited in rice. Post-translation modifications (PTMs) play an important role in plants in providing a conduit to detect changes in the environment and influence molecular signalling pathways to adapt growth and development. In recent years, the PTM SUMOylation has been shown to be critical for plant growth and development. It is known that plants experience hyperSUMOylation of target proteins during phosphate starvation. Here, we demonstrate that PSTOL1 is SUMOylated in planta, and this affects its phosphorylation activity. Furthermore, we also provide new evidence for the role of SUMOylation in regulating PSTOL1 activity in plant responses to Pi starvation in rice and Arabidopsis. Our data indicated that overexpression of the non-SUMOylatable version of OsPSTOL1 negatively impacts total root length and total root surface area of rice grown under low Pi. Interestingly, our data also showed that overexpression of OsPSTOL1 in a non-cereal species, Arabidopsis, also positively impacts overall plant growth under low Pi by modulating root development. Taken together our data provide new evidence for the role of PSTOL1 SUMOylation in mediating enhanced root development for tolerating phosphate-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipan Roy
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Kawinnat Sue-ob
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sigrid Heuer
- Department of Crop Science, Cambridge Discovery LTD, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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13
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Knorr DA, Blanchard L, Leidner RS, Jensen SM, Meng R, Jones A, Ballesteros-Merino C, Bell RB, Baez M, Marino A, Sprott D, Bifulco CB, Piening B, Dahan R, Osorio JC, Fox BA, Ravetch JV. FcγRIIB Is an Immune Checkpoint Limiting the Activity of Treg-Targeting Antibodies in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:322-333. [PMID: 38147316 PMCID: PMC10911703 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical murine data indicate that fragment crystallizable (Fc)-dependent depletion of intratumoral regulatory T cells (Treg) is a major mechanism of action of anti-CTLA-4. However, the two main antibodies administered to patients (ipilimumab and tremelimumab) do not recapitulate these effects. Here, we investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the limited Treg depletion observed with these therapies. Using an immunocompetent murine model humanized for CTLA-4 and Fcγ receptors (FcγR), we show that ipilimumab and tremelimumab exhibit limited Treg depletion in tumors. Immune profiling of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in both humanized mice and humans revealed high expression of the inhibitory Fc receptor, FcγRIIB, which limits antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity/phagocytosis. Blocking FcγRIIB in humanized mice rescued the Treg-depleting capacity and antitumor activity of ipilimumab. Furthermore, Fc engineering of antibodies targeting Treg-associated targets (CTLA-4 or CCR8) to minimize FcγRIIB binding significantly enhanced Treg depletion, resulting in increased antitumor activity across various tumor models. Our results define the inhibitory FcγRIIB as an immune checkpoint limiting antibody-mediated Treg depletion in the TME, and demonstrate Fc engineering as an effective strategy to overcome this limitation and improve the efficacy of Treg-targeting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Knorr
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lucas Blanchard
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Rom S. Leidner
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute (a division of Providence Cancer Institute), Portland, Oregon
| | - Shawn M. Jensen
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute (a division of Providence Cancer Institute), Portland, Oregon
| | - Ryan Meng
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute (a division of Providence Cancer Institute), Portland, Oregon
| | - Andrew Jones
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | | | - Richard B. Bell
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute (a division of Providence Cancer Institute), Portland, Oregon
| | - Maria Baez
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Alessandra Marino
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - David Sprott
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute (a division of Providence Cancer Institute), Portland, Oregon
| | - Carlo B. Bifulco
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute (a division of Providence Cancer Institute), Portland, Oregon
| | - Brian Piening
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute (a division of Providence Cancer Institute), Portland, Oregon
| | - Rony Dahan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Juan C. Osorio
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bernard A. Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute (a division of Providence Cancer Institute), Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey V. Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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14
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Morris J, Rose AK, Cox S, Jones A. Clinical alcohol guidelines are welcome-but upstream action is paramount. Addiction 2024; 119:593-594. [PMID: 38084498 DOI: 10.1111/add.16408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- James Morris
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Abigail K Rose
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sharon Cox
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Colombet Z, Robinson E, Kypridemos C, Jones A, O'Flaherty M. Effect of calorie labelling in the out-of-home food sector on adult obesity prevalence, cardiovascular mortality, and social inequalities in England: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9:e178-e185. [PMID: 38429017 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND England implemented a menu calorie labelling policy in large, out-of-home food businesses in 2022. We aimed to model the likely policy impact on population-level obesity and cardiovascular disease mortality, as well as the socioeconomic equity of estimated effects, in the adult population in England. METHODS For this modelling analysis, we built a comparative assessment model using two scenarios: the current implementation scenario refers to actual deployment only in large (≥250 employees), out-of-home food businesses, whereas the full implementation scenario refers to deployment in every out-of-home food business. We compared each scenario with a counterfactual: the scenario in which no intervention is implemented (ie, baseline). For both scenarios, we modelled the impact of the policy through assumed changes in energy intake due to either consumer response or product reformulation by retailers. We used data from the Office for National Statistics and the National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2009-19, and modelled the effect over 20 years (ie, 2022-41) to capture the long-term impact of the policy and provided mid-period results after 10 years. We used the Monte Carlo approach (2500 iterations) to estimate the uncertainty of model parameters. For each scenario, the model generated the change in obesity prevalence and the total number of deaths prevented or postponed. FINDINGS The current implementation scenario was estimated to reduce obesity prevalence by 0·31 percentage points (absolute; 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·10-0·35), which would prevent or postpone 730 cardiovascular disease deaths (UI 430-1300) of the 830 000 deaths (UI 600 000-1 200 000) expected over 20 years. However, the health benefits would be increased if calorie labelling was implemented in all out-of-home food businesses (2·65 percentage points reduction in obesity prevalence [UI 1·97-3·24] and 9200 cardiovascular disease deaths prevented or postponed [UI 5500-16 000]). Results were similar in the most and the least deprived socioeconomic groups. INTERPRETATION This study offers the first modelled estimation of the impact of the menu calorie labelling regulation on the adult population in England, although we did not include a cost-effectiveness analysis. Calorie labelling might result in a reduction in obesity prevalence and cardiovascular disease mortality without widening health inequalities. However, our results emphasise the need for the government to be more ambitious by applying this policy to all out-of-home food businesses to maximise impact. FUNDING European Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Colombet
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris Kypridemos
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martin O'Flaherty
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Turri F, Jones A, Constanty L, Ranjbar S, Drexl K, Miano G, Lepage C, Plessen KJ, Urben S. Self-regulatory control processes in youths: A temporal network analysis approach. JCPP Adv 2024; 4:e12200. [PMID: 38486949 PMCID: PMC10933645 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to better understand the temporal interrelationships among self-control, response inhibition, and anger (i.e., momentary state and rumination) on both the within- and between-person levels in male adolescents. Method We applied temporal network analyses among 62 male adolescents with a wide range of behavioral difficulties. Self-control, momentary anger, and anger rumination were mapped by self-report measures, whereas we measured response inhibition through an ambulatory Go/No-go task (two measures a day-morning and afternoon-over a 9-day period). Results Temporal network analysis, at the within-person level, revealed that morning measures of response inhibition, anger rumination, and self-control were related to the corresponding measure in the afternoon. More efficient response inhibition in the morning was associated with higher self-control in the afternoon. Higher anger rumination in the morning led to higher momentary anger in the afternoon. In a concurrent within-person network, higher momentary anger was reciprocally associated with lower self-control. At the between-person level, higher momentary anger was correlated to higher anger rumination, lower response inhibition, and lower self-control. Discussion This study provides insight into the dynamic interactions among self-control, response inhibition, and anger (momentary state and rumination) in male adolescents, advancing the understanding of self-regulatory control functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Turri
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of PsychologyLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Lauriane Constanty
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Setareh Ranjbar
- Center of Psychiatric Epidemiology and PsychopathologyDepartment of PsychiatryLausanne University HospitalUniversity of LausannePrillySwitzerland
| | - Konstantin Drexl
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Giorgia Miano
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Caroline Lepage
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
- Faculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sébastien Urben
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryLausanne University Hospital (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
- Faculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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Griffiths A, Shannon OM, Brown T, Davison M, Swann C, Jones A, Ells L, Matu J. Associations between anxiety, depression, and weight status during and after pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13668. [PMID: 38072642 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Previous work has found adverse mental health symptomology in women living with obesity, compared with those of healthy weight, around the time of pregnancy. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between anxiety, depression, and weight status in women living with obesity before, during, and after pregnancy. Bibliographic databases were systematically searched, and 14 studies were included, which aimed to assess the association between excess weight and anxiety or depression outcomes in women before, during, or after pregnancy. Data were analyzed via narrative synthesis and random effects multi-level meta-analyses. Scores on mental health indices were significantly greater (indicative of worse anxiety/depression) in women with obesity compared to women of a healthy weight, around the time of pregnancy (SMD = 0.21 [95% CI: 0.11-0.31; 95% prediction intervals: 0.13-0.56], I2 = 73%, p < 0.01). Depressive symptoms were greater during and after pregnancy (SMD = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.13-0.34; 95% prediction intervals: -0.12 to 0.59], I2 = 75.0%, p < 0.01), and trait anxiety symptoms were greater during pregnancy (SMD = 0.24 [95% CI: 0.01-0.47; 95% prediction intervals: -0.25 to 0.72], I2 = 83.7%, p = 0.039) in women living with obesity, compared to those of healthy weight. Narrative evidence suggests that socioeconomic status and ethnicity may modify the relationship between obesity and mental health symptomology. The findings indicate that maternal obesity is associated with greater anxiety and depression symptoms. These findings may inform the design of maternal weight management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Griffiths
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tamara Brown
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Monica Davison
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moore's University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louisa Ells
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jamie Matu
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Garcia-Bonilla M, Harris CA, Bandyopadhyay S, Moore J, Horbatiuk J, Limbrick DD, Swarup R, Crouthamel J, Jones A, Khasawneh A, Petroj A, Hehar S, Sierra M, Anderson J, Murray R, Talcott MR, McAllister JP. Reduction of cell surface attachment in experimental hydrocephalus using a novel ventricular catheter with modified tethered liquid perfluorocarbon. J Neurosurg 2024; 140:627-638. [PMID: 37542436 DOI: 10.3171/2023.5.jns2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ventriculoperitoneal shunting, the most common treatment for the neurological disorder hydrocephalus, has a failure rate of up to 98% within 10 years of placement, mainly because of proximal obstruction of the ventricular catheter (VC). The authors developed a new VC design modified with tethered liquid perfluorocarbon (TLP) and tested it in a porcine model of hydrocephalus. In this study, they aimed to determine if their TLP VC design reduced cell surface attachment and consequent shunt obstruction in the pig model. METHODS TLP VCs were designed to reduce drainage hole obstruction using modified TLP and slightly enlarged draining holes, but their number and placement remained very similar to standard VCs. First, the authors tested the device in nonhydrocephalic rats to assess biocompatibility. After confirming safety, they implanted the VCs in hydrocephalic pigs. Hydrocephalus was induced by intracisternal kaolin injections in 30-day-old domestic juvenile pigs. Surgical implantation of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (clinical control or TLP) was performed 10-14 days postinduction and maintained up to 30 days posttreatment. MRI was performed to measure ventricular volume before treatment and 10 and 30 days after treatment. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of brain tissue and explanted VCs, intracranial pressure measurement, and clinical scoring were performed when the animals were euthanized. RESULTS TLP VCs showed a similar surgical feel, kink resistance, and stiffness to control VCs. In rats (biocompatibility assessment), TLP VCs did not show brain inflammatory reactions after 30 or 60 days of implantation. In pigs, TLP VCs demonstrated increased survival time, improved clinical outcome scores, and significantly reduced total attached cells on the VCs compared with standard clinical control VCs. TLP VCs exhibited similar, but not worse, results related to ventriculomegaly, intracranial pressure, and the local tissue response around the cortical shunt track in pigs. CONCLUSIONS TLP VCs may be a strong candidate to reduce proximal VC obstruction and improve hydrocephalus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garcia-Bonilla
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carolyn A Harris
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Jason Moore
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeff Horbatiuk
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - David D Limbrick
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rajiv Swarup
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jayne Crouthamel
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew Jones
- 3FreeFlow Medical Devices LLC, Lancaster, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Ahmad Khasawneh
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alexandra Petroj
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Simran Hehar
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mariana Sierra
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Ryann Murray
- 3FreeFlow Medical Devices LLC, Lancaster, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Michael R Talcott
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- 4AbbVie Inc., Chicago, Illinois
| | - James P McAllister
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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19
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Jones A, Gillespie SM, Pennington CR, Strickland JC, Robinson E. Careless responding in online studies is associated with alcohol use: A mega-analysis. Psychol Addict Behav 2024; 38:56-64. [PMID: 37079806 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of research conducted online in the addiction field has increased rapidly over the past decade. However, little focus has been given to careless responding in these online studies, despite the issues it may cause for statistical inference and generalizability. Our aim was to examine whether alcohol use is associated with careless responses. METHOD Raw data were requested from online studies examining alcohol use and related problems which also addressed careless responding. We obtained 13 data sets of 12,237 participants (Mage = 42.16, SD = 15.65, 50.5% female). The sample had an average Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score of 10.88 (SD = 7.77). Predictors included demographic information (age, gender) and AUDIT total scores. The primary outcome was whether an individual was classed as a careless responder, for example, by failing an explicit attention check question. RESULTS AUDIT total scores were associated with careless responding (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.06, 1.08], p < .001). Hazardous drinking or worse was associated with 2.21 greater odds (OR = 2.21, 95% CI [1.81, 2.71] of careless responding, whereas harmful drinking or worse was associated with 3.43 greater odds (OR = 3.43, 95% CI [2.83, 4.17]) and probable dependence was associated with 3.63 greater odds (OR = 3.63, 95% CI [2.95, 4.48]). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use and related problems are positively associated with careless responding in online research. Removal of individuals identified as careless responders may lead to issues of generalizability, and more care should be taken to identify and handle careless responder data. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Liverpool John Moore's University
| | | | | | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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20
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Temple J, Gemma Cherry M, Gray V, Jones A, Fisher P. Experience sampling methodology study of anxiety and depression in adolescents with epilepsy: The role of metacognitive beliefs and perseverative thinking. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 151:109599. [PMID: 38160577 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Emotional distress is common in young people with epilepsy (YPwE). According to the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model, maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and perseverative thinking are fundamental in the development and maintenance of emotional distress. As emotional distress and perseverative thinking can highly fluctuate over short intervals in YPwE, it is important to account for this variability when testing the utility of psychological models. Experience sampling methodology (ESM) was therefore used to explore the momentary relationship between metacognitive beliefs, perseverative thinking, and emotional distress in YPwE. Eighteen participants diagnosed with epilepsy (aged 12-17 years) completed the 10-day ESM period. Participants were prompted to complete the ESM assessment five times daily. The ESM assessment assessed participant's momentary levels of metacognitive beliefs, perseverative thinking (i.e., worry and rumination), and emotional distress (i.e., anxiety and depression). A series of multilevel regression analyses indicated that metacognitive beliefs were significantly positively associated with worry, rumination, anxiety and depression. After controlling for worry and rumination, respectively, metacognitive beliefs did not account for additional variance in anxiety or depression. Findings provide preliminary support for the utility of the S-REF model for emotional distress in YPwE. Metacognitive therapy, which is underpinned by the S-REF model, may be an appropriate intervention for emotional distress in YPwE. Future studies should assess the mediational relationship between metacognitive beliefs, perseverative thinking, and emotional distress using time-lagged models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Temple
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mary Gemma Cherry
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Clinical Health Psychology Service, Liverpool University NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Victoria Gray
- Psychological Services (Paediatrics), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Peter Fisher
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Clinical Health Psychology Service, Liverpool University NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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21
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Pinczel AJ, Woods CM, Catcheside PG, Woodman RJ, Carney AS, Chai-Coetzer CL, Chia M, Cistulli PA, Hodge JC, Jones A, Lam ME, Lewis R, McArdle N, Ooi EH, Rea SC, Rees G, Singh B, Stow N, Yeo A, Antic N, McEvoy RD, Weaver EM, MacKay SG. Sleep apnea multi-level surgery trial: long-term observational outcomes. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad218. [PMID: 37607039 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The sleep apnea multi-level surgery (SAMS) randomized clinical trial showed surgery improved outcomes at 6 months compared to ongoing medical management in patients with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who failed continuous positive airway pressure therapy. This study reports the long-term outcomes of the multi-level surgery as a case series. METHODS Surgical participants were reassessed >2 years postoperatively with the same outcomes reported in the main SAMS trial. Primary outcomes were apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), with secondary outcomes including other polysomnography measures, symptoms, quality of life, and adverse events. Long-term effectiveness (baseline to long-term follow-up [LTFU]) and interval changes (6 month to LTFU) were assessed using mixed effects regression models. Control participants were also reassessed for rate of subsequent surgery and outcomes. RESULTS 36/48 (75%) of surgical participants were reevaluated (mean (standard deviation)) 3.5 (1.0) years following surgery, with 29 undergoing polysomnography. AHI was 41/h (23) at preoperative baseline and 21/h (18) at follow-up, representing persistent improvement of -24/h (95% CI -32, -17; p < 0.001). ESS was 12.3 (3.5) at baseline and 5.5 (3.9) at follow-up, representing persistent improvement of -6.8 (95% CI -8.3, -5.4; p < 0.001). Secondary outcomes were improved long term, and adverse events were minor. Interval change analysis suggests stability of outcomes. 36/43 (84%) of the control participants were reevaluated, with 25 (69%) reporting subsequent surgery, with symptom and quality of life improvements. CONCLUSION Multi-level upper airway surgery improves OSA burden with long-term maintenance of treatment effect in adults with moderate or severe OSA in whom conventional therapy failed. CLINICAL TRIAL Multi-level airway surgery in patients with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who have failed medical management to assess change in OSA events and daytime sleepiness; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=366019&isReview=true; ACTRN12614000338662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Pinczel
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charmaine M Woods
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter G Catcheside
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Simon Carney
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Southern ENT and Adelaide Sinus Centre, Flinders Private Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ching Li Chai-Coetzer
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Service, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Chia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter A Cistulli
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty for Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John-Charles Hodge
- Ear Nose and Throat Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- ICON Cancer Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Jones
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Sleep Medicine Centre, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew E Lam
- Illawarra ENT Head and Neck Clinic, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Lewis
- Head and Neck Surgery, Hollywood Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nigel McArdle
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Eng H Ooi
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide ENT Surgery, Flinders Private Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Siobhan Clare Rea
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Guy Rees
- ENT Surgeons, Memorial Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bhajan Singh
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas Stow
- Sydney Centre for Ear, Nose and Throat, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sleep Clinic, The Woolcock Clinic, Glebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Aeneas Yeo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nick Antic
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ronald Doug McEvoy
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Edward M Weaver
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Surgery Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stuart G MacKay
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra ENT Head and Neck Clinic, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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22
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Alvarez-Jarreta J, Amos B, Aurrecoechea C, Bah S, Barba M, Barreto A, Basenko EY, Belnap R, Blevins A, Böhme U, Brestelli J, Brown S, Callan D, Campbell LI, Christophides GK, Crouch K, Davison HR, DeBarry JD, Demko R, Doherty R, Duan Y, Dundore W, Dyer S, Falke D, Fischer S, Gajria B, Galdi D, Giraldo-Calderón GI, Harb OS, Harper E, Helb D, Howington C, Hu S, Humphrey J, Iodice J, Jones A, Judkins J, Kelly SA, Kissinger JC, Kittur N, Kwon DK, Lamoureux K, Li W, Lodha D, MacCallum RM, Maslen G, McDowell MA, Myers J, Nural MV, Roos DS, Rund SSC, Shanmugasundram A, Sitnik V, Spruill D, Starns D, Tomko SS, Wang H, Warrenfeltz S, Wieck R, Wilkinson PA, Zheng J. VEuPathDB: the eukaryotic pathogen, vector and host bioinformatics resource center in 2023. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D808-D816. [PMID: 37953350 PMCID: PMC10767879 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eukaryotic Pathogen, Vector and Host Informatics Resource (VEuPathDB, https://veupathdb.org) is a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by the National Institutes of Health with additional funding from the Wellcome Trust. VEuPathDB supports >600 organisms that comprise invertebrate vectors, eukaryotic pathogens (protists and fungi) and relevant free-living or non-pathogenic species or hosts. Since 2004, VEuPathDB has analyzed omics data from the public domain using contemporary bioinformatic workflows, including orthology predictions via OrthoMCL, and integrated the analysis results with analysis tools, visualizations, and advanced search capabilities. The unique data mining platform coupled with >3000 pre-analyzed data sets facilitates the exploration of pertinent omics data in support of hypothesis driven research. Comparisons are easily made across data sets, data types and organisms. A Galaxy workspace offers the opportunity for the analysis of private large-scale datasets and for porting to VEuPathDB for comparisons with integrated data. The MapVEu tool provides a platform for exploration of spatially resolved data such as vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring. To address the growing body of omics data and advances in laboratory techniques, VEuPathDB has added several new data types, searches and features, improved the Galaxy workspace environment, redesigned the MapVEu interface and updated the infrastructure to accommodate these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Amos
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | | | - Saikou Bah
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ana Barreto
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evelina Y Basenko
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | | | - Ann Blevins
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Stuart Brown
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn Crouch
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen R Davison
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | | | - Richard Demko
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan Doherty
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yikun Duan
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Sarah Dyer
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Dave Falke
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steve Fischer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bindu Gajria
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Galdi
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Omar S Harb
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Danica Helb
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Sufen Hu
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - John Iodice
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - John Judkins
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah A Kelly
- Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | | | | | - Dae Kun Kwon
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | - Wei Li
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Disha Lodha
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Gareth Maslen
- Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BU, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Myers
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - David S Roos
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Achchuthan Shanmugasundram
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Genomics England Limited, London E14 5AB, UK
| | - Vasily Sitnik
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - David Starns
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | | | | | | | - Robert Wieck
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Paul A Wilkinson
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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23
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Almaraz M, Simmonds M, Boudinot FG, Di Vittorio AV, Bingham N, Khalsa SDS, Ostoja S, Jones A, Holzer I, Manaigo E, Geoghegan E, Goertzen H, Silver WL. Undervaluing soil carbon sequestration potential enables climate inaction. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17011. [PMID: 37955200 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Almaraz
- Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - F Garrett Boudinot
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Nina Bingham
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Steven Ostoja
- Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- USDA California Climate Hub, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Iris Holzer
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Erin Manaigo
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Emily Geoghegan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Heath Goertzen
- Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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24
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Larson R, Hussain S, Chau MM, Jones A, Vangeepuram N, Madden D, Berhane T, Shuman S, Islam N, Trinh-Shevrin C. The Power of Partnership: NYCEAL Collaborations With Health Agencies and Mobile Vaccination Vans. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:S92-S95. [PMID: 38207257 PMCID: PMC10785186 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
New York City experienced a high COVID-19 burden and striking disparities among racial and ethnic minoritized groups. The New York Community Engagement Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities (NYCEAL) collaborated with health agencies and clinical providers to increase and facilitate COVID-19 vaccinations across New York City. NYCEAL partners and their network of hundreds of community health workers delivered vaccine education, fostered community trust, and supported vaccine uptake among low-income, limited‒English-proficient, and racial and ethnic minoritized communities. With funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the objective of NYCEAL was to reduce COVID-19 disparities by increasing vaccine uptake and promoting trust in science. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S1):S92-S95. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307455).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Larson
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Hussain
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Michelle M Chau
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Andrew Jones
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Nita Vangeepuram
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Devin Madden
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Timnit Berhane
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Saskia Shuman
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Nadia Islam
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Rita Larson, Sarah Hussain, Michelle M. Chau, Nadia Islam, and Chau Trinh-Shevrin are with the Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York. Andrew Jones is with the Arab-American Family Support Center in Brooklyn, NY. Nita Vangeepuram is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Devin Madden and Timnit Berhane are with the Office of Gender Equity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Saskia Shuman is with the Institute for Family Health, New York, NY
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Puddephatt JA, Makin H, Gage SH, Jones A, Goodwin L. Understanding alcohol use and changes in drinking habits among people with a severe mental illness: a qualitative framework analysis study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1282086. [PMID: 38155700 PMCID: PMC10752932 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1282086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Individuals with a severe mental illness (SMI) are more likely to drink at harmful levels or abstain. While it is known that drinking patterns change over time, the reasons for this among those with a SMI are unclear. This study aimed to (i) explore the experiences with alcohol, particularly in relation to mental health symptoms, and (ii) how drinking patterns have changed over time, among individuals who have a SMI diagnosis, who either currently drink alcohol or no longer drink. Methods One-to-one semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted to address the study aims. Current drinkers' alcohol use was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. A framework analysis was used to address the study aims with a specific focus on the differences in the experiences with alcohol use between current and former drinkers. Results 16 participants were interviewed, and five themes were developed. The analysis highlighted how alcohol was increasingly used to cope with (i) trauma, (ii) SMI-related symptoms, or (iii) stress. Among those with a SMI, non-drinking was facilitated through declines in SMI-related symptoms, previous negative consequences due to alcohol and changing the social environment. Current drinking habits were facilitated through changes in the reasons for drinking and adopting different alcohol moderation techniques. Discussion Among those with a SMI diagnosis and who either currently drink alcohol or no longer drink, our findings support the self-medication hypothesis and drinking motives model. However, our findings indicate the need for further development of drinking to cope with a focus on symptoms of a SMI and trauma. Our findings also have implications on specialist alcohol and mental health services, the need to improve individuals' understanding of SMI, and the need to identify reasons for drinking among those with a recent diagnosis of a SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne Puddephatt
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Makin
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne H. Gage
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goodwin
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Evans RK, Christiansen P, Finlay A, Jones A, Maden M, Boyland E. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of digital game-based or influencer food and non-alcoholic beverage marketing on children and adolescents: Exploring hierarchy of effects outcomes. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13630. [PMID: 37608618 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Videogame livestreaming platforms are an emerging form of digital media, popular with young people, where users watch gaming influencers play videogames. Food and non-alcoholic beverage (hereafter: food) brands have a substantial presence on these platforms, yet no studies have examined the impact of this food marketing on young people. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the evidence (quantitative or mixed-method) for a relationship between exposure to digital game-based or influencer food marketing, and food-related (brand awareness, attitudes, preferences, purchase, and consumption), and post-consumption (weight, body mass index [BMI], and dental caries) outcomes in young people (≤18 years). Twenty-three databases were searched in March 2021. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 20 were included in the quantitative synthesis. Meta-analyses indicated food marketing was associated with more positive attitudes and greater preferences (OR = 1.74, p < 0.001 [95%CI: 1.355, 2.232]), and increased consumption (SMD = 0.37, p < 0.001 [95%CI: 0.219, 0.529]). Narrative synthesis indicated that food marketing may increase brand awareness but not pester intent, although data were limited. Evidence suggests that there is a relationship between exposure to food marketing via influencers and digital gaming media, and several food-related outcomes. This is the first quantitative synthesis to demonstrate these relationships; this work has implications for food marketing policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Evans
- Department of Psychology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy Finlay
- Department of Psychology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michelle Maden
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Institute of Population Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emma Boyland
- Department of Psychology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Knorr K, Rahman J, Erickson C, Wang E, Monetti M, Li Z, Ortiz-Pacheco J, Jones A, Lu SX, Stanley RF, Baez M, Fox N, Castro C, Marino AE, Jiang C, Penson A, Hogg SJ, Mi X, Nakajima H, Kunimoto H, Nishimura K, Inoue D, Greenbaum B, Knorr D, Ravetch J, Abdel-Wahab O. Systematic evaluation of AML-associated antigens identifies anti-U5 SNRNP200 therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Cancer 2023; 4:1675-1692. [PMID: 37872381 PMCID: PMC10733148 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there has been limited success in targeting surface antigens in AML, in part due to shared expression across malignant and normal cells. Here, high-density immunophenotyping of AML coupled with proteogenomics identified unique expression of a variety of antigens, including the RNA helicase U5 snRNP200, on the surface of AML cells but not on normal hematopoietic precursors and skewed Fc receptor distribution in the AML immune microenvironment. Cell membrane localization of U5 snRNP200 was linked to surface expression of the Fcγ receptor IIIA (FcγIIIA, also known as CD32A) and correlated with expression of interferon-regulated immune response genes. Anti-U5 snRNP200 antibodies engaging activating Fcγ receptors were efficacious across immunocompetent AML models and were augmented by combination with azacitidine. These data provide a roadmap of AML-associated antigens with Fc receptor distribution in AML and highlight the potential for targeting the AML cell surface using Fc-optimized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Knorr
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jahan Rahman
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Erickson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mara Monetti
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhuoning Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliana Ortiz-Pacheco
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sydney X Lu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Stanley
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Baez
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina Fox
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Castro
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra E Marino
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Penson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon J Hogg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoli Mi
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Kunimoto
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koutarou Nishimura
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daichi Inoue
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Benjamin Greenbaum
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Knorr
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Poacher AT, Bhachoo H, Jones A, Weston J, Powell K, Myaat P, Morgan‐Jones R. A cross-sectional evaluation of the current state of wound healing education in the United Kingdom's undergraduate medical curriculum. Int Wound J 2023; 20:3939-3944. [PMID: 37309250 PMCID: PMC10681398 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 2013 and 2018, there has been a 71% increase in the number of patients who have required wound care in the NHS and such large numbers has placed a significant burden on healthcare systems. However, there is currently no evidence as to whether medical students are equipped with the necessary skills to deal with an increasing number of wound care related issues that patients present with. A total of 323 medical students across 18 UK medical schools completed an anonymous questionnaire evaluating the wound education received at their medical school, encompassing the volume, content, format and efficacy of teaching. 68.4% (221/323) of respondents had received some form of wound education during their undergraduate studies. On average students received 2.25 h of structured, preclinical teaching and only 1 h of clinical based teaching in total. All students that received wound education reported undertaking teaching on the physiology of, and factors affecting wound healing, with only 32.2% (n = 104) of students receiving clinically based wound education There was very weak correlation and no significant association in student's ability to assess wounds (R2 = 0.190, p = 0.013), manage wounds (R2 = 0.060, p = 0.37), and prescribe wound care products (R2 = 0.093, p = 0.18) with their stage of training. Students strongly agreed that wound education is an important part of the undergraduate curriculum and post graduate practice, and do not feel their learning needs have been met. This is the first study to assess the provision of wound education in the United Kingdom, demonstrating a clear deficit in the provision of wound education compared to expectation of junior doctors. Wound education is largely overlooked in the medical curriculum, lacks a clinical focus and does not prepare junior doctors with the necessary clinical abilities to deal with wound related pathology. Expert opinion to direct changes to future curriculum and further evaluation of teaching methodology is required to address this deficit and ensure students have the necessary clinical skills to excel as newly graduated doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jack Weston
- Royal Glamorgan HospitalRhondda Cynon TaffUK
| | | | - Pan Myaat
- Imperial Collage Hospitals NHS TrustLondonUK
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Halsall L, Irizar P, Burton S, Waring S, Giles S, Goodwin L, Jones A. Hazardous, harmful, and dependent alcohol use in healthcare professionals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1304468. [PMID: 38089041 PMCID: PMC10715281 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1304468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare professionals work in high-pressured and demanding environments, which has been linked to the use of alcohol as a coping strategy. This international review aimed (i) to determine the pooled prevalence of hazardous, harmful, dependent, and frequent binge drinking in healthcare professionals, and (ii) to explore factors associated with variation in these outcomes. Methods Scopus, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched from 2003 to 17th November 2022, for studies reporting a prevalence estimate for any outcome among healthcare professionals. Random-effects meta-analyses determined pooled prevalence estimates. Sub-group analyses were conducted, stratifying the meta-analyses by pandemic period vs pre-pandemic period. Meta-regressions explored factors that were associated with variation in the outcomes. PROSPERO (CRD42020173119). Results After screening 9,108 records, 64 studies were identified as eligible. The pooled prevalence was 19.98% [95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 16.05-24.23%] for hazardous alcohol use (K = 52), 3.17% [95% CI: 0.95-6.58%] for harmful drinking (K = 8), 14.59% [95% CI: 7.16-25.05%] for dependent drinking (K = 7), and 17.71% [95% CI: 8.34-29.63%] for frequent binge drinking (K = 11). The prevalence of hazardous drinking was greater during the pandemic (28.19%) compared with pre-pandemic estimates (17.95%), though this was not statistically significant (p = 0.049). Studies including all hospital staff (32.04%) showed higher prevalence estimates for hazardous drinking compared with studies of doctors (16.78%) and nurses (27.02%). Conclusion Approximately one fifth of healthcare professionals drink to hazardous levels, with higher prevalence estimates observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. It may be that healthcare professionals used alcohol to cope with the additional trauma and stressors. Further research is needed to investigate whether this is sustained in the post-pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Halsall
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Irizar
- Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Burton
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Waring
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Giles
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goodwin
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Zhou X, Edirippulige S, Jones A, Bai X, Smith AC, Bambling M. The feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of an app-based intervention (the Coping Camp) in reducing stress among Chinese school adolescents: A cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294119. [PMID: 38011111 PMCID: PMC10681230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the efficacies of the Coping Camp app in reducing stress, depression, and anxiety and improving stress-coping behaviours and mental health wellbeing. Additionally, feasibility and acceptability of Coping Camp were evaluated. METHODS In this unblinded cluster RCT, 540 participants from two high schools in China were randomly assigned to the Coping Camp intervention (n = 6 classes; 275 students) or treatment as usual (n = 5 classes; 265 students) at the class level. Coping Camp was an automated self-help app, consisting of 11 sessions delivered over 11 weeks, with primary outcomes including perceived stress, depression, anxiety, stress-coping behaviours, and mental health well-being. All outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention (11 weeks), and follow-up (19 weeks), with efficacy analysed using linear mixed models and feasibility/acceptability measured by a 5-point Likert scale and qualitative feedback. RESULTS At post-intervention and follow-up assessments, 75.4% and 81.7% of participants respectively attended. On average, participants logged in for 8.56 out of 11 sessions. Compared to the control group, the intervention group had significant reductions in levels of perceived stress (p = 0.01, d = 0.15 at T1; p < 0.001, d = 0.18 at T2), anxiety (p = 0.11; d = 0.08 at T1; p = 0.01; d = 0.13 at T2) and depression (p = 0.04, d = 0.11 at T1; p = 0.05, d = 0.10 at T2) but did not have a greater increase in stress-coping behaviours (p = 0.10 at T1; p = 0.97 at T2) or mental health wellbeing (p = 0.93 at T1; p = 0.08 at T2). The average ratings for each session were above 4, and qualitative feedback showed that most participants found the intervention to be "great," "good," and "useful." CONCLUSIONS The Coping Camp is feasible, acceptable and effective in stress management among Chinese school adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhou
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sisira Edirippulige
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Jones
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xuejun Bai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anthony C. Smith
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matthew Bambling
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, Australian College of Applied Professions, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Jones A, Amirjamshidi H, Knight P, Ling FS, Hisamoto K. Aortic annulus rupture after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: successful management of a dangerous complication. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:321. [PMID: 37957662 PMCID: PMC10644507 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic annulus rupture remains one of the most fatal complications of TAVR. While attempts have been made to describe and predict this complication, the data remains insufficient without evidence-based guidelines for management of this rare complication. METHODS Here we describe a series of 3 aortic annulus ruptures after TAVR which were managed successfully to hospital discharge. RESULTS Patient 1 suffered annulus rupture during balloon valvuloplasty prior to TAVR. The patient became hypotensive, and echocardiogram showed pericardial effusion. The patient underwent pericardiocentesis which transiently improved the blood pressure, but bleeding continued. The patient was transitioned to an open surgical aortic valve replacement due to ongoing hemorrhage. The chest was left open with delayed closure on post-op day 2. The patient was discharged on post-op day 15. Patient 2 was undergoing TAVR valve expansion. The patient became hypotensive. An echocardiogram revealed pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis yielded 200 mL of blood. SURGIFLO (Johnson & Johnson Wound Management, Somerville, NJ) was injected into the pericardial space. Aortic root angiography confirmed no further contrast extravasation. A pericardial drain was left in place for 2 days, and the patient was discharged on post-op day 7. Patient 3 received a TAVR valve and post-placement dilation due to paravalvular leak. The echocardiogram showed a pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis was performed, yielding 500 cc of blood. The patient's healthcare proxy declined emergent surgery; thus, a pericardial drain was placed. No hemostatic agents were used, and drainage reduced over several hours. The drain was removed on post-op day 3, and the patient was discharged on post-op day 8. CONCLUSIONS Based on the timelines in these three cases, and interventions used, the following steps may be employed in the event of annulus rupture: identification of hemodynamic instability, echocardiogram to confirm pericardial effusion, emergent pericardiocentesis, pericardial drain placement for evacuation of the pericardial space and use of hemostatic agents, repeat aortogram to rule out ongoing extravasation. If hemostasis is unable to be achieved and/or the patient becomes hemodynamically unstable at any point, rapid transition to emergent surgical management is necessary. This management strategy proved successful for this case series and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jones
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Amirjamshidi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box: Surg, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Peter Knight
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box: Surg, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Frederick S Ling
- Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Hisamoto
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box: Surg, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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Almaraz M, Simmonds M, Boudinot FG, Di Vittorio AV, Bingham N, Khalsa SDS, Ostoja S, Scow K, Jones A, Holzer I, Manaigo E, Geoghegan E, Goertzen H, Silver WL. Soil carbon sequestration in global working lands as a gateway for negative emission technologies. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:5988-5998. [PMID: 37476859 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing climate crisis merits an urgent need to devise management approaches and new technologies to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (GHG) in the near term. However, each year that GHG concentrations continue to rise, pressure mounts to develop and deploy atmospheric CO2 removal pathways as a complement to, and not replacement for, emissions reductions. Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) practices in working lands provide a low-tech and cost-effective means for removing CO2 from the atmosphere while also delivering co-benefits to people and ecosystems. Our model estimates suggest that, assuming additive effects, the technical potential of combined SCS practices can provide 30%-70% of the carbon removal required by the Paris Climate Agreement if applied to 25%-50% of the available global land area, respectively. Atmospheric CO2 drawdown via SCS has the potential to last decades to centuries, although more research is needed to determine the long-term viability at scale and the durability of the carbon stored. Regardless of these research needs, we argue that SCS can at least serve as a bridging technology, reducing atmospheric CO2 in the short term while energy and transportation systems adapt to a low-C economy. Soil C sequestration in working lands holds promise as a climate change mitigation tool, but the current rate of implementation remains too slow to make significant progress toward global emissions goals by 2050. Outreach and education, methodology development for C offset registries, improved access to materials and supplies, and improved research networks are needed to accelerate the rate of SCS practice implementation. Herein, we present an argument for the immediate adoption of SCS practices in working lands and recommendations for improved implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Almaraz
- Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - F Garrett Boudinot
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Nina Bingham
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sat Darshan S Khalsa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Steven Ostoja
- Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- USDA California Climate Hub, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kate Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Iris Holzer
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Erin Manaigo
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Emily Geoghegan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Heath Goertzen
- Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Essman M, Burgoine T, Cameron A, Jones A, Potvin Kent M, Polden M, Robinson E, Sacks G, Smith RD, Vanderlee L, White C, White M, Hammond D, Adams J. A multi-country comparison of jurisdictions with and without mandatory nutrition labelling policies in restaurants: analysis of behaviours associated with menu labelling in the 2019 International Food Policy Study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2595-2606. [PMID: 37661595 PMCID: PMC10641604 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in noticing and use of nutrition information comparing jurisdictions with and without mandatory menu labelling policies and examine differences among sociodemographic groups. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from the International Food Policy Study (IFPS) online survey. SETTING IFPS participants from Australia, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom and USA in 2019. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 18-99; n 19 393. RESULTS Participants in jurisdictions with mandatory policies were significantly more likely to notice and use nutrition information, order something different, eat less of their order and change restaurants compared to jurisdictions without policies. For noticed nutrition information, the differences between policy groups were greatest comparing older to younger age groups and comparing high education (difference of 10·7 %, 95 % CI 8·9, 12·6) to low education (difference of 4·1 %, 95 % CI 1·8, 6·3). For used nutrition information, differences were greatest comparing high education (difference of 4·9 %, 95 % CI 3·5, 6·4) to low education (difference of 1·8 %, 95 % CI 0·2, 3·5). Mandatory labelling was associated with an increase in ordering something different among the majority ethnicity group and a decrease among the minority ethnicity group. For changed restaurant visited, differences were greater for medium and high education compared to low education, and differences were greater for higher compared to lower income adequacy. CONCLUSIONS Participants living in jurisdictions with mandatory nutrition information in restaurants were more likely to report noticing and using nutrition information, as well as greater efforts to modify their consumption. However, the magnitudes of these differences were relatively small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Essman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian Cameron
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moore’s University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Megan Polden
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gary Sacks
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | | | - Lana Vanderlee
- School of Nutrition, Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine White
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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De La Haye A, Jones A, van Herk S, Rofin-Serra M, Lake AA, Moore HJ. Mapping healthy planning frameworks. Perspect Public Health 2023:17579139231205494. [PMID: 37905945 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231205494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this research was to map available healthy planning frameworks to discover the range, composition, design, and implementation of healthy planning frameworks. METHODS A systematic scoping review with date, location, and usability limitations was augmented by a grey literature search. Data were extracted on key details, design, outcomes considered, and implementation features of the final 61 frameworks. RESULTS Data extracted indicated that most frameworks tend to focus on one element of the built environment, with active mobility, active environments, and transport being the most prevalent ones (34%). Most frameworks (40) stated their intended outcomes on health in general terms, rather than targeting specific health outcomes. Very few frameworks (12%) were aimed at the public, and only 11% of frameworks included an evaluation. CONCLUSIONS While there are a wide variety and number of frameworks available in the field of healthy urban planning, they are generally siloed, focusing on highly specific individual urban determinants, and rarely consider health outcomes in detail. There is significantly less provision available for citizen and community use. Frameworks tend to offer limited updating mechanisms and very rarely include ongoing evaluation processes, making their success difficult to assess.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De La Haye
- Bax & Company, Carrer de Casp 118, Barcelona, 08013, Spain
| | - A Jones
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | - H J Moore
- Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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Jones A, Amirjamshidi H, Olverson G, Ling FS, Hisamoto K. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement 23 years after heart transplant for aortic insufficiency. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:274. [PMID: 37805477 PMCID: PMC10560406 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians continue to expand the availability of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for patients who historically would have been ineligible for surgical aortic valve replacement. Historically, reoperative aortic valve surgery after transplant was immensely complicated and high risk due to the repeat sternotomy approach, and the immunosuppression in transplant patients. As heart transplant patients continue to live longer, patients are beginning to develop novo aortic pathology of the transplanted organ. In these patients, TAVR may be a valuable rescue therapy for those with de-novo aortic valve disease. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we present a single case of a 70-year-old man with a history of heart transplant 23 years prior complicated by severe sternal infection and subsequent removal of his sternum. Additionally, this patient had a recent history of kidney transplant due to renal cell carcinoma necessitating nephrectomy. He subsequently developed progressive symptomatic aortic insufficiency and underwent a successful TAVR to treat his new aortic disease. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this represents only the second case report of TAVR for severe aortic insufficiency and one of the first reports of TAVR in a multiple organ recipient. TAVR may represent an important rescue therapy for post-transplant valve pathologies instead of high-risk reoperative surgical aortic valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jones
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Amirjamshidi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box: Surg, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - George Olverson
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Frederick S Ling
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Hisamoto
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box: Surg, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
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Brasel KJ, Lindeman B, Jones A, Sarosi GA, Minter R, Klingensmith ME, Whiting J, Borgstrom D, Buyske J, Mellinger JD. Implementation of Entrustable Professional Activities in General Surgery: Results of a National Pilot Study. Ann Surg 2023; 278:578-586. [PMID: 37436883 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ongoing complexity of general surgery training has led to an increased focus on ensuring the competence of graduating residents. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are units of professional practice that provide an assessment framework to drive competency-based education. The American Board of Surgery convened a group from the American College of Surgeons, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Surgery Review Committee, and Association of Program Directors in Surgery to develop and implement EPAs in a pilot group of residency programs across the country. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility and utility of EPAs in general surgery resident training. METHODS 5 EPAs were chosen based on the most common procedures reported in ACGME case logs and by practicing general surgeons (right lower quadrant pain, biliary disease, inguinal hernia), along with common activities covering additional ACGME milestones (performing a consult, care of a trauma patient). Levels of entrustment assigned (1 to 5) were observation only, direct supervision, indirect supervision, unsupervised, and teaching others. Participating in site recruitment and faculty development occurred from 2017 to 2018. EPA implementation at individual residency programs began on July 1, 2018, and was completed on June 30, 2020. Each site was assigned 2 EPAs to implement and collected EPA microassessments on residents for those EPAs. The site clinical competency committees (CCC) used these microassessments to make summative entrustment decisions. Data submitted to the independent deidentified data repository every 6 months included the number of microassessments collected per resident per EPA and CCC summative entrustment decisions. RESULTS Twenty-eight sites were selected to participate in the program and represented geographic and size variability, community, and university-based programs. Over the course of the 2-year pilot programs reported on 14 to 180 residents. Overall, 6,272 formative microassessments were collected (range, 0 to 1144 per site). Each resident had between 0 and 184 microassessments. The mean number of microassessments per resident was 5.6 (SD = 13.4) with a median of 1 [interquartile range (IQR) = 6]. There were 1,763 summative entrustment ratings assigned to 497 unique residents. The average number of observations for entrustment was 3.24 (SD 3.61) with a median of 2 (IQR 3). In general, PGY1 residents were entrusted at the level of direct supervision and PGY5 residents were entrusted at unsupervised practice or teaching others. For each EPA other than the consult EPA, the degree of entrustment reported by the CCC increased by resident level. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that widespread implementation of EPAs across general surgery programs is possible, but variable. They provide meaningful data that graduating chief residents are entrusted by their faculty to perform without supervision for several common general surgical procedures and highlight areas to target for the successful widespread implementation of EPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Brasel
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Brenessa Lindeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - George A Sarosi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rebecca Minter
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mary E Klingensmith
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, IL
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - James Whiting
- Department of Surgery, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME
| | - David Borgstrom
- Department of Surgery, University of West Virginia, Morgantown, WV
| | - Jo Buyske
- American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, PA
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Collins S, Jones A, Woodward S, Sturt J. "It is like a pet in a way": The self-management experiences of people with cystic fibrosis diabetes. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1621-1635. [PMID: 37158099 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis diabetes (CFD) is a very common co-morbidity affecting the lives of people with cystic fibrosis. Surprisingly, minimal research has been undertaken to understand the experiences of people with CFD and how they self-mange this condition. METHODS Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, the present study examined the self-management experiences of people with CFD. In-depth semi-structure interviews were conducted with eight people who had CFD. RESULTS The following three superordinate themes were identified: forming a relationship with CFD, balancing the CFD self-management triad, and the unmet need for information and support. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the management of CFD is challenging and, although people with CFD experience many adaptation and management processes similar to people with type 1 diabetes, they struggle with the additional complexity of balancing CF and CFD. The provision of appropriate education, support and person-centred care needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Jones
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
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Burns KEA, Cook DJ, Xu K, Dodek P, Villar J, Jones A, Kapadia FN, Gattas DJ, Epstein SK, Pelosi P, Kefala K, Meade MO, Rizvi L. Differences in directives to limit treatment and discontinue mechanical ventilation between elderly and very elderly patients: a substudy of a multinational observational study. Intensive Care Med 2023; 49:1181-1190. [PMID: 37736783 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-023-07188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to characterize differences in directives to limit treatments and discontinue invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in elderly (65-80 years) and very elderly (> 80 years) intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS We prospectively described new written orders to limit treatments, IMV discontinuation strategies [direct extubation, direct tracheostomy, spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use], and associations between initial failed SBT and outcomes in 142 ICUs from 6 regions (Canada, India, United Kingdom, Europe, Australia/New Zealand, United States). RESULTS We evaluated 788 (586 elderly; 202 very elderly) patients. Very elderly (vs. elderly) patients had similar withdrawal orders but significantly more withholding orders, especially cardiopulmonary resuscitation and dialysis, after ICU admission [67 (33.2%) vs. 128 (21.9%); p = 0.002]. Orders to withhold reintubation were written sooner in very elderly (vs. elderly) patients [4 (2-8) vs. 7 (4-13) days, p = 0.02]. Very elderly and elderly patients had similar rates of direct extubation [39 (19.3%) vs. 113 (19.3%)], direct tracheostomy [10 (5%) vs. 40 (6.8%)], initial SBT [105 (52%) vs. 302 (51.5%)] and initial successful SBT [84 (80%) vs. 245 (81.1%)]. Very elderly patients experienced similar ICU outcomes (mortality, length of stay, duration of ventilation) but higher hospital mortality [26 (12.9%) vs. 38 (6.5%)]. Direct tracheostomy and initial failed SBT were associated with worse outcomes. Regional differences existed in withholding orders at ICU admission and in withholding and withdrawal orders after ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS Very elderly (vs. elderly) patients had more orders to withhold treatments after ICU admission and higher hospital mortality, but similar ICU outcomes and IMV discontinuation. Significant regional differences existed in withholding and withdrawal practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E A Burns
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St, Office 4-045 Donnelly Wing, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Deborah J Cook
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Keying Xu
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Applied Health Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Dodek
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jesús Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Farhad N Kapadia
- Department of Intensive Care, Hinduja National Hospital, Bombay, India
| | - David J Gattas
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Kallirroi Kefala
- Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Maureen O Meade
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Leena Rizvi
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St, Office 4-045 Donnelly Wing, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
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Polden M, Robinson E, Jones A. Assessing public perception and awareness of UK mandatory calorie labeling in the out-of-home sector: Using Twitter and Google trends data. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:459-467. [PMID: 37810520 PMCID: PMC10551121 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In 2021 the UK government announced a new obesity policy requiring large out-of-home food outlets to provide mandatory in-store calorie labeling on food and drink items. Public acceptability and engagement with obesity policies could influence the level of impact on wider public health particularly with population-level policies such as calorie labeling. This study aimed to examine public responses and awareness of the policy using social media (Twitter) comments and Google trends data. Methods This study examined responses to social media posts on Twitter (tweets) from the UK Department of Health and Social Care detailing the policy, implementation date and post-implementation information about the policy's enforcement. The sentiments of the tweets were coded and the number of likes and replies extracted. This study utilized google trends to examine public awareness of the policy by extracting weekly relative search volume for relevant phrases such as "calorie labeling." Results From the 276 replies/quote-tweet extracted, the majority expressed a negative sentiment toward the policy (N = 197/71.4%). There were fewer tweets expressing a positive sentiment (N = 25/8.7%) and a neutral/no sentiment (N = 54/19.6%). There was no difference in the number of "likes" or retweets between tweets expressing positive or negative sentiments. Five themes were identified expressing negative sentiments (most common being negative impacts on eating disorders). Google trends data revealed increased searches for "calorie labels/labeling" during the week of the policy enforcement compared to previous weeks in the last 5 years but no significant differences in searches for specific menu calorie labeling. Conclusions This analysis revealed negative sentiment toward and increased searching of calorie labeling information during the announcement and implementation of the 2021 mandatory calorie labeling policy in England. A greater understanding of public responses to calorie labeling policies may help tailor future policies and public communication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Polden
- Department of Primary Care and Mental HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of PsychologyLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
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Finlay A, Boyland E, Jones A, Witkam R, Robinson E. The impact of calorie labelling and proportional pricing on out of home food orders: a randomised controlled trial study using a virtual food and drink delivery app. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:112. [PMID: 37726788 PMCID: PMC10508026 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandatory calorie labelling in the out-of-home food sector was introduced in England in 2022, and menu pricing strategies that ensure cost is equivalent to portion size (proportional pricing) have been proposed as a policy to reduce obesity. Food delivery app-based platforms now contribute significantly to diet, and evidence suggests that those at a socioeconomic disadvantage may have greater exposure to unhealthy options on these platforms. However, public health policies to improve nutritional quality of food ordered from food delivery apps has received limited examination. OBJECTIVE This experimental study assessed the impact of calorie labelling and proportional pricing on item and meal size selection, calories ordered, and money spent when selecting food and drinks from three outlet types on a virtual delivery app. METHODS UK adult participants (N = 1126, 49% female), stratified by gender and education level completed an online study where they ordered items from three branded food and beverage outlets (coffee shop, sandwich outlet, fast food outlet) using a virtual delivery app. Participants were presented food and beverage options with vs. without calorie labels and with value (larger portions are proportionally cheaper) vs. proportional pricing. RESULTS Calorie labelling did not influence portion size selection for any outlets, but significantly reduced calories ordered from the coffee shop (-18.95kcals, 95% CI -33.07 to -4.84) and fast food outlet (-54.19kcals, 95% CI -86.04 to -22.33). Proportional pricing reduced the likelihood of choosing a larger beverage from the coffee shop (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.75), but was associated with increased calories ordered from the fast food outlet (51.25kcals, 95% CI 19.59 to 82.90). No consistent interactions were observed with participant characteristics, suggesting that effects of calorie labelling and pricing on outcomes were similar across sociodemographic groups. CONCLUSIONS Calorie labelling on food delivery platforms may effectively reduce calories ordered. Proportional pricing may be useful in prompting consumers to select smaller portion sizes, although further research in real-world settings will now be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Finlay
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - Emma Boyland
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Rozemarijn Witkam
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
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Every JD, Mackay SG, Sideris AW, Do TQ, Jones A, Weaver EM. Mean disease alleviation between surgery and continuous positive airway pressure in matched adults with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad176. [PMID: 37395677 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Polysomnography parameters measure treatment efficacy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), such as reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). However, for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, polysomnography measures do not factor in adherence and thus do not measure effectiveness. Mean disease alleviation (MDA) corrects polysomnography measures for CPAP adherence and was used to compare treatment effectiveness between CPAP and multilevel upper airway surgery. METHODS This retrospective cohort study consisted of a consecutive sample of 331 patients with OSA managed with multilevel airway surgery as second-line treatment (N = 97) or CPAP (N = 234). Therapeutic effectiveness (MDA as % change or as corrected change in AHI) was calculated as the product of therapeutic efficacy (% or absolute change in AHI) and adherence (% time on CPAP of average nightly sleep). Cardinality and propensity score matching was utilized to manage confounding variables. RESULTS Surgery patients achieved greater MDA % than CPAP users (67 ± 30% vs. 60 ± 28%, p = 0.04, difference 7 ± 3%, 95% confidence interval 4% to 14%) in an unmatched comparison, despite a lower therapeutic efficacy seen with surgery. Cardinality matching demonstrated comparable MDA % in surgery (64%) and CPAP (57%) groups (p = 0.14, difference 8 ± 5%, 95% confidence interval -18% to 3%). MDA measured as corrected change in AHI showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS In adult patients with OSA, multilevel upper airway surgery and CPAP provide comparable therapeutic effectiveness on polysomnography. For patients with inadequate CPAP use, surgery should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Every
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW. Australia
| | - Stuart G Mackay
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW. Australia
- Illawarra ENT Head and Neck Clinic, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anders W Sideris
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW. Australia
| | - Timothy Q Do
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW. Australia
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW. Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Edward M Weaver
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Surgery Service, Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Pennington CR, Monk RL, Heim D, Rose AK, Gough T, Clarke R, Knibb G, Patel R, Rai P, Ravat H, Ali R, Anastasiou G, Asgari F, Bate E, Bourke T, Boyles J, Campbell A, Fowler N, Hester S, Neil C, McIntyre B, Ogilvy E, Renouf A, Stafford J, Toothill K, Wong HK, Jones A. The labels and models used to describe problematic substance use impact discrete elements of stigma: A registered report. Psychol Addict Behav 2023; 37:723-733. [PMID: 37166945 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Problematic substance use is one of the most stigmatized health conditions leading research to examine how the labels and models used to describe it influence public stigma. Two recent studies examine whether beliefs in a disease model of addiction influence public stigma but result in equivocal findings-in line with the mixed-blessings model, Kelly et al. (2021) found that while the label "chronically relapsing brain disease" reduced blame attribution, it decreased prognostic optimism and increased perceived danger and need for continued care; however, Rundle et al. (2021) conclude absence of evidence. This study isolates the different factors used in these two studies to assess whether health condition (drug use vs. health concern), etiological label (brain disease vs. problem), and attributional judgment (low vs. high treatment stability) influence public stigma toward problematic substance use. METHOD Overall, 1,613 participants were assigned randomly to one of the eight vignette conditions that manipulated these factors. They completed self-report measures of discrete and general public stigma and an indirect measure of discrimination. RESULTS Greater social distance, danger, and public stigma but lower blame were ascribed to drug use relative to a health concern. Greater (genetic) blame was reported when drug use was labeled as a "chronically relapsing brain disease" relative to a "problem." Findings for attributional judgment were either inconclusive or statistically equivalent. DISCUSSION The labels used to describe problematic substance use appear to impact discrete elements of stigma. We suggest that addiction is a functional attribution, which may explain the mixed literature on the impact of etiological labels on stigma to date. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derek Heim
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University
| | | | - Thomas Gough
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool
| | - Ross Clarke
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University
| | | | - Roshni Patel
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University
| | - Priya Rai
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University
| | - Halimah Ravat
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University
| | - Ramsha Ali
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University
| | | | | | - Eve Bate
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University
| | - Tara Bourke
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University
| | | | - Alix Campbell
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University
| | - Nic Fowler
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University
| | - Sian Hester
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool
| | | | - Beth McIntyre
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University
| | | | - Amie Renouf
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University
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Hatfield L, Bianco B, Gavillet H, Burns P, Rivett D, Smith M, Jones A, van der Gast C, Horsley A. Effects of postage on recovery of pathogens from cystic fibrosis sputum samples. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:816-822. [PMID: 36934050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular surveillance microbiology of sputum is used in cystic fibrosis (CF) to monitor for new pathogens and target treatments. A move to remote clinics has meant greater reliance on samples collected at home and posted back. The impact of delays and sample disruption caused by posting has not been systematically assessed but could have significant implications for CF microbiology. METHODS Sputum samples collected from adult CF patients were mixed, split, and either processed immediately or posted back to laboratory. Processing involved a further split into aliquots for culture-dependant and-independent microbiology (quantitative PCR [QPCR] and microbiota sequencing). We calculated retrieval by both approaches for five typical CF pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Staphylococcus aureus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. RESULTS 93 paired samples were collected from 73 CF patients. Median interval between sample posting and receipt was 5 days (range 1-10). For culture, overall concordance for posted and fresh samples was 86% across the five targeted pathogens (ranging from 57 to 100% for different organisms), with no bias towards either sample type. For QPCR, overall concordance was 62% (range 39-84%), again with no bias towards fresh or posted samples. There were no significant differences in culture or QPCR for samples with short (≤3days) versus extended (≥7days) postal delays. Posting had no significant impact on pathogen abundance nor on microbiota characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Posted sputum samples reliably reproduced culture-based and molecular microbiology of freshly collected samples, even after prolonged delays at ambient conditions. This supports use of posted samples during remote monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hatfield
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brooke Bianco
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Gavillet
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Phillipa Burns
- Department of Infection, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Rivett
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Smith
- UK Health Security Agency, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher van der Gast
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexander Horsley
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Spatially resolved genomic technologies have allowed us to study the physical organization of cells and tissues, and promise an understanding of local interactions between cells. However, it remains difficult to precisely align spatial observations across slices, samples, scales, individuals and technologies. Here, we propose a probabilistic model that aligns spatially-resolved samples onto a known or unknown common coordinate system (CCS) with respect to phenotypic readouts (for example, gene expression). Our method, Gaussian Process Spatial Alignment (GPSA), consists of a two-layer Gaussian process: the first layer maps observed samples' spatial locations onto a CCS, and the second layer maps from the CCS to the observed readouts. Our approach enables complex downstream spatially aware analyses that are impossible or inaccurate with unaligned data, including an analysis of variance, creation of a dense three-dimensional (3D) atlas from sparse two-dimensional (2D) slices or association tests across data modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jones
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - F William Townes
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Didong Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Barbara E Engelhardt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Hunt BW, Mari T, Knibb G, Christiansen P, Jones A. Statistics anxiety and predictions of exam performance in UK psychology students. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290467. [PMID: 37611055 PMCID: PMC10446223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statistics anxiety is common among social science students. Despite much evidence examining statistics anxiety and test performance, little research has explored the role of student self-prediction on test performance in a higher education setting. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between statistics anxiety and both students' self-prediction of their future exam performance and actual test performance on a formal statistics assessment at undergraduate level in psychology students in the UK. METHOD Using a cross-sectional design, two hundred and two students were required to complete Statistics Anxiety Rating Scales, the Mathematical Prerequisites for Psychometrics Scale, and provided self-predicted test performance scores. Test performance data was obtained from a formal statistics assessment. RESULTS As predicted, we demonstrated statistics test anxiety to be negatively associated with self-predicted performance. Additionally, we found statistics anxiety was positively associated with test performance. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the complex relationship between statistics anxiety and test performance, suggesting there may be an optimal level of anxiety for performance in statistics assessments. IMPLICATIONS The results we report have implications for psychology research methods and statistics instructors who may wish to incorporate the findings into statistics instruction modules in order to assuage high levels of statistics anxiety and foster student well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Hunt
- Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tyler Mari
- Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Knibb
- Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Christiansen
- Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moore’s University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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46
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Montgomery C, Atkinson A, Jones A, Sumnall H. Little Evidence for the Role of Disgust Sensitivity in Implicit Disgust to Images of White People Engaged in Injecting Drug Use (IDU). Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1722-1733. [PMID: 37602746 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2247054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous research has shown that People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) are subject to public stigma, which affects access to, and provision and quality of, treatment and support services. Less is known about the socio-cognitive processes that support the development and maintenance of public stigma toward PWID. The present study investigated the role of disgust sensitivity in implicit disgust to injecting drug use. Methods: 126 participants took part in an online Implicit Association Task (IAT) measuring implicit disgust to pictorial stimuli of injecting drug use or medical injecting. Participants also completed The Disgust Scale Revised, Injecting Phobia Scale (Short Form), Attitudes to People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) scale and a substance use inventory. Results: Average IAT score was negative indicating significantly higher implicit disgust to injecting drug use. Hierarchical linear regression found that injecting phobia predicted implicit disgust to injecting drug use. Questionnaire measures of disgust did not predict implicit disgust. While animal reminder disgust and injecting phobia were significantly correlated with each other, animal reminder disgust did not predict implicit disgust scores. Conclusions: On the basis of our findings, stigma toward PWID may not be a result of feelings of disgust toward injecting drug use. We discuss findings in the context of the underlying cortical processes supporting implicit and explicit representations of disgust. Future research should seek to investigate neurophysiological evidence for disgust to and stigmatization of injecting drug use and the potential role of domains of disgust in this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Atkinson
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harry Sumnall
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Nakaganda A, Spencer A, Orem J, Mpamani C, Wabinga H, Nambooze S, Kiwanuka GN, Atwine R, Gemmell I, Jones A, Verma A. Estimating cancer incidence in Uganda: a feasibility study for periodic cancer surveillance research in resource limited settings. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:772. [PMID: 37596529 PMCID: PMC10436406 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population based cancer registries (PBCRs) are accepted as the gold standard for estimating cancer incidence in any population. However, only 15% of the world's population is covered by high quality cancer registries with coverage as low as 1.9% in settings such as Africa. This study was conducted to assess the operational feasibility of estimating cancer incidence using a retrospective "catchment population" approach in Uganda. METHODS A retrospective population study was conducted in 2018 to identify all newly diagnosed cancer cases between 2013 and 2017 in Mbarara district. Data were extracted from the medical records of health facilities within Mbarara and from national and regional centres that provide cancer care services. Cases were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-0-03). Data was analysed using CanReg5 and Excel. RESULTS We sought to collect data from 30 health facilities serving Mbarara district, southwestern Uganda. Twenty-eight sources (93%) provided approval within the set period of two months. Among the twenty-eight sources, two were excluded, as they did not record addresses for cancer cases, leaving 26 sources (87%) valid for data collection. While 13% of the sources charged a fee, ranging from $30 to $100, administrative clearance and approval was at no cost in most (87%) data sources. This study registered 1,258 new cancer cases in Mbarara district. Of the registered cases, 65.4% had a morphologically verified diagnosis indicating relatively good quality of data. The Age-Standardised Incidence Rates for all cancers combined were 109.9 and 91.9 per 100,000 in males and females, respectively. In males, the most commonly diagnosed cancers were prostate, oesophagus, stomach, Kaposi's sarcoma and liver. In females, the most common malignancies were cervix uteri, breast, stomach, liver and ovary. Approximately, 1 in 8 males and 1 in 10 females would develop cancer in Mbarara before the age of 75 years. CONCLUSION Estimating cancer incidence using a retrospective cohort design and a "catchment population approach" is feasible in Uganda. Periodic studies using this approach are potentially a precious resource for producing quality cancer data in settings where PBCRs are scarce. This could supplement PBCR data to provide a detailed and comprehensive picture of the cancer burden over time, facilitating the direction of cancer control efforts in resource-limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Nakaganda
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Public Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Angela Spencer
- Department of Public Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Henry Wabinga
- Kampala Cancer Registry, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Nambooze
- Kampala Cancer Registry, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Raymond Atwine
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Isla Gemmell
- Department of Public Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Public Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Arpana Verma
- Department of Public Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Langfeld T, Clarke K, Marty L, Jones A, Robinson E. Correction: Socioeconomic position and the influence of food portion size on daily energy intake in adult females: two randomized controlled trials. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:96. [PMID: 37542289 PMCID: PMC10401729 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tess Langfeld
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie Clarke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lucile Marty
- Centre Des Sciences Du Goût Et de L'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAEInstitut AgroUniversité Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Gramp PE, Dooley J, O'Brien B, Jones A, Tan L, Robson J, Robertson T, Simos P, Fuller R, Gramp DV, Meumann EM. Fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis initially presenting with a cutaneous lesion. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:e256-e261. [PMID: 37154242 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a 66-year-old man with a cutaneous Balamuthia mandrillaris lesion that progressed to fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. We provide a summary of Australian cases and describe the clinical features and approach to diagnosing this rare but devastating condition, including the importance of PCR for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence E Gramp
- Dermatology Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Dooley
- NH Diagnostics, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Blake O'Brien
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Jones
- Infectious Disease Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leong Tan
- Neurosurgery Department, Pindara Hospital, Queensland, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jennifer Robson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Robertson
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Simos
- Infectious Disease Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Fuller
- Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dallas V Gramp
- Dermatology Department, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ella M Meumann
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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50
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Jones A. Confronting the figure of the "mad scientist" in psychedelic history: LSD's use as a correctional tool in the postwar period. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1129428. [PMID: 37519357 PMCID: PMC10374206 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since reports about CIA-funded LSD studies came out in the 1970s, psychedelic drugs have invoked images of unethical experimentation and "mad scientists" in the public imagination. Even now, as the stigma surrounding psychedelics diminishes in the 21st century, the figure of the "mad scientist" continues to occupy a space in what Ido Hartogsohn calls the "collective set and setting," the larger framework of cultural understandings that shape how individuals experience psychedelic drugs. Scientists and humanities scholars who study these drugs have responded to this issue by drawing boundaries between those who used psychedelics carefully and those who used them ignorantly. Yet these boundaries were not always so clear in the past. Drawing on historical examples of LSD's use as a correctional tool in Canada, I show how enthusiasm about the drug's potential led several experienced and knowledgeable psychedelic therapists to use it on vulnerable populations in diverse institutional settings, such as correctional facilities. These examples reveal how the institutional context of modern industrial societies shaped the application of psychedelic therapy in the past and suggest that today's therapists need to carefully consider how this broader context impacts their work.
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