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Dasriya VL, Samtiya M, Ranveer S, Dhillon HS, Devi N, Sharma V, Nikam P, Puniya M, Chaudhary P, Chaudhary V, Behare PV, Dhewa T, Vemuri R, Raposo A, Puniya DV, Khedkar GD, Vishweswaraiah RH, Vij S, Alarifi SN, Han H, Puniya AK. Modulation of gut-microbiota through probiotics and dietary interventions to improve host health. J Sci Food Agric 2024. [PMID: 38334314 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Dietary patterns play an important role in regards to the modulation and control of the gut microbiome composition and function. The interaction between diet and microbiota plays an important role in order to maintain intestinal homeostasis, which ultimately affect the host's health. Diet directly impacts the microbes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which then contributes to the production of secondary metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, and antimicrobial peptides. Dietary consumption with genetically modified probiotics can be the best vaccine delivery vector and protect cells from various illnesses. A holistic approach to disease prevention, treatment, and management takes these intrinsically linked diet-microbes, microbe-microbe interactions, and microbe-host interactions into account. Dietary components, such as fiber can modulate beneficial gut microbiota, and they have resulting ameliorative effects against metabolic disorders. Medical interventions, such as antibiotic drugs can conversely have detrimental effects on gut microbiota by disputing the balance between Bacteroides and firmicute, which contribute to continuing disease states. We summarize the known effects of various dietary components, such as fibers, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, proteins, phenolic acids, and antibiotics on the composition of the gut microbiota in this article in addition to the beneficial effect of genetically modified probiotics and consequentially their role in regards to shaping human health. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Soniya Ranveer
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | | | - Nishu Devi
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Pranali Nikam
- College of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar, Kamdhenu University, Raipur, India
| | - Monica Puniya
- Science and Standards Division, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, FDA Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Microbiology Department, VCSG Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar, India
| | - Vishu Chaudhary
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dharun Vijay Puniya
- Center of One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gulab D Khedkar
- Paul Hebert Center for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | | | - Shilpa Vij
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sehad N Alarifi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Al-Quwayiyah College of Sciences and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Ranveer SA, Dasriya V, Ahmad MF, Dhillon HS, Samtiya M, Shama E, Anand T, Dhewa T, Chaudhary V, Chaudhary P, Behare P, Ram C, Puniya DV, Khedkar GD, Raposo A, Han H, Puniya AK. Positive and negative aspects of bacteriophages and their immense role in the food chain. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:1. [PMID: 38172179 PMCID: PMC10764738 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages infect and replicate inside a bacterial host as well as serve as natural bio-control agents. Phages were once viewed as nuisances that caused fermentation failures with cheese-making and other industrial processes, which lead to economic losses, but phages are now increasingly being observed as being promising antimicrobials that can fight against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. Pathogen-free meals that fulfil industry requirements without synthetic additives are always in demand in the food sector. This study introduces the readers to the history, sources, and biology of bacteriophages, which include their host ranges, absorption mechanisms, lytic profiles, lysogenic profiles, and the influence of external factors on the growth of phages. Phages and their derivatives have emerged as antimicrobial agents, biodetectors, and biofilm controllers, which have been comprehensively discussed in addition to their potential applications in the food and gastrointestinal tract, and they are a feasible and safe option for preventing, treating, and/or eradicating contaminants in various foods and food processing environments. Furthermore, phages and phage-derived lytic proteins can be considered potential antimicrobials in the traditional farm-to-fork context, which include phage-based mixtures and commercially available phage products. This paper concludes with some potential safety concerns that need to be addressed to enable bacteriophage use efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya Ashok Ranveer
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Vaishali Dasriya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harmeet Singh Dhillon
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, India
| | - Eman Shama
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taruna Anand
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, India
| | - Vishu Chaudhary
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, 140413, India
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Microbiology Department, VCSG Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Ganganali Srikot, Srinagar Pauri Garhwal, 246174, India
| | - Pradip Behare
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Chand Ram
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Dharun Vijay Puniya
- Centre of One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gulab D Khedkar
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India.
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Iram D, Sansi MS, Puniya AK, Meena S, Vij S. Draft genome sequence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain D1418m22 isolated from human wound pus. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0040923. [PMID: 37847019 PMCID: PMC10652905 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00409-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reveals the complete genome sequence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain d1418m22, sourced from a Karnal, Haryana, human skin wound. Classified as community-associated MRSA, it features a 2.78-MB genome harboring Staphylococcus-specific genetic elements, encompassing 2,625 protein-coding genes and 18 antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daraksha Iram
- Antimicrobial Peptides, Biofunctional Probiotics & Peptidomics Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Manish Singh Sansi
- Biofunctional Peptidomics & Metabolic Syndrome Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Anaerobic Microbial Fermentation Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sunita Meena
- Biofunctional Peptidomics & Metabolic Syndrome Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Shilpa Vij
- Antimicrobial Peptides, Biofunctional Probiotics & Peptidomics Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Kumar S, Ahmad MF, Nath P, Roy R, Bhattacharjee R, Shama E, Gahatraj I, Sehrawat M, Dasriya V, Dhillon HS, Puniya M, Samtiya M, Dhewa T, Aluko RE, Khedkar GD, Raposo A, Puniya AK. Controlling Intestinal Infections and Digestive Disorders Using Probiotics. J Med Food 2023; 26:705-720. [PMID: 37646629 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After consumption, probiotics provide health benefits to the host. Probiotics and their metabolites have therapeutic and nutritional properties that help to alleviate gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular problems. Probiotics strengthen host immunity through various mechanisms, including improved gut barrier function, receptor site blocking, competitive exclusion of pathogens, and the production of bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence suggests that intestinal bowel diseases can be fatal, but regular probiotic consumption can alleviate disease symptoms. The use and detailed description of the health benefits of probiotics to consumers in terms of reducing intestinal infection, inflammation, and digestive disorders are discussed in this review. The well-designed and controlled studies that examined the use of probiotics to reduce life-threatening activities caused by intestinal bowel diseases are also covered. This review discussed the active principles and potency of probiotics as evidenced by the known effects on host health, in addition to providing information on the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priyakshi Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rudrarup Bhattacharjee
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eman Shama
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | - Vaishali Dasriya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | | | - Monica Puniya
- Science and Standards Division, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gulab D Khedkar
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Iram D, Sansi MS, Meena S, Puniya AK, Vij S. "In vitro antimicrobial and synergistic effect of fermented Indian zebu (Sahiwal) cow colostrum whey derived peptides with Lactobacillus rhamnosus against pathogenic bacteria". J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:2568-2580. [PMID: 37599850 PMCID: PMC10439072 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BAPs) have been found to promote health through various mechanisms. Among them, antimicrobial peptides are gaining recognition as promising novel treatments. This study aims to generate BAPs from bovine colostrum whey using the proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus C25 and to evaluate their potential antibacterial efficacy, including their ability to synergistic efficacy against resistant bacteria. Bioactive peptides were successfully generated from lactobacillus culture proteases that were cultivated through batch fermentation. The resulting peptide fractions were then evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy against a selection of strains, including E. coli ATCC25922, S. aureus MTCC1144, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978, as well as clinically isolated resistant strains of E. coli (ESBL 1384), Acinetobacter 1379, and S. aureus (MRSA 1418). Notably, the peptide fractions with a molecular weight of < 10 kDa (0-10 kDa) significantly increased the membrane permeability of both E. coli (70.30 ± 0.41%) and S. aureus (63.04 ± 0.31%) as assessed by the crystal violet assay. The checkerboard method was utilized to perform synergistic tests with peptides and antibiotics. The peptide fractions with a molecular weight of (< 10 kDa) demonstrated synergistic effects with several antibiotics, including gentamycin, Rifampicin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Chloramphenicol, against the resistant ESBL 1384 strain, as indicated by ΣFICI values of 0.55, 0.53, 0.52, 0.54, and 0.52, respectively. Furthermore, the HT-29 cell line remained completely unaffected by both peptide fractions. These findings suggest that the < 10 kDa peptide fraction possesses significant antibacterial efficacy against both reference and ESBL 1384 resistant bacterial strain. Additionally, both MRSA 1418 and Acinetobacter 1379 displayed resistance to all fractions tested. To summarize the findings of this study, colostrum whey peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity can be efficiently produced through fermentation. This method could prove valuable for both the pharmaceutical and food industries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05776-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daraksha Iram
- Antimicrobial Peptides, Biofunctional Probiotics and Peptidomics Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Manish Singh Sansi
- Biofunctional Peptidomics and Metabolic Syndrome Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
| | - Sunita Meena
- Biofunctional Peptidomics and Metabolic Syndrome Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Anaerobic Microbial Fermentation Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
| | - Shilpa Vij
- Antimicrobial Peptides, Biofunctional Probiotics and Peptidomics Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
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Choudhury PK, Jena R, Puniya AK, Tomar SK. Isolation and characterization of reductive acetogens from rumen fluid samples of Murrah buffaloes. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:265. [PMID: 37415727 PMCID: PMC10319699 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, attempts have been made to isolate reductive acetogens from the rumen fluid samples of Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Out of 32 rumen samples 51 isolates were isolated, and based on autotrophic growth for production of acetate and presence of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase gene (FTHFS) 12 isolates were confirmed as reductive acetogens. Microscopic observations showed that ten isolates as Gram-positive rods (ACB28, ACB29, ACB66, ACB73, ACB81, ACB91, ACB133, ACB229, ACB52, ACB95) and two isolates as Gram-positive cocci (ACB19, ACB89). All isolates tested negative for catalase, oxidase, and gelatin liquefaction, whereas the production of H2S was detected for two (ACB52 and ACB95) of the above isolates. All these isolates showed autotrophic growth from H2 and CO2, and heterotrophic growth with different fermentable sugars, viz., d-glucose, D-fructose, and D-trehalose but failed to grow on salicin, raffinose, and l-rhamnose. Out of the isolates, two showed amylase activity (ACB28 and ACB95), five showed CMCase activity (ACB19, ACB28, ACB29, ACB73 and ACB91), three showed pectinase activity (ACB29, ACB52 and ACB89), whereas none of the isolates was found positive for avicellase and xylanase activity. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates showed their phylogenetic relationship with maximum similarity up to 99% to different strains of earlier reported known acetogens of clostridia group including Clostridium sp. (6), Eubacterium limosum (1), Ruminococcus sp. (1) and Acetobacterium woodii (1) except one, i.e., Vagococcus fluvialis. The results indicate that reductive acetogens isolated from the rumen fluid samples of Murrah buffalos are both autotrophic and heterotrophic in nature and further investigations are required to exploit and explore their potential as an alternate hydrogen sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Kumar Choudhury
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
- Department of Dairy Technology, School of Agricultural and Bioengineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha 761211 India
| | - Rajashree Jena
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
- Department of Dairy Technology, School of Agricultural and Bioengineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha 761211 India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Tomar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
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7
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Nataraj BH, Shashank Gowda BG, Kapila S, Arora S, Puniya AK, Nagpal R, Behare PV. Influence of exopolysaccharide EPSKar1-iron complexation on iron bioavailability and alleviating iron deficiency anaemia in Wistar rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:4931-4947. [PMID: 37158475 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03352f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia is a significant issue worldwide, affecting individuals of all ages and often associated with inadequate iron bioavailability. Despite the use of ferrous salt supplements to address anaemia, their limited bioaccessibility and bioavailability in human GIT and adverse impact on food properties remain significant challenges. Hence, this study aims to explore the iron chelation mechanism of an exopolysaccharide EPSKar1 to enhance iron bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and anti-anaemic effects using cell culture and an anaemic rat model. EPSKar1 was extracted from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Kar1 and complexed with FeSO4 to form "EPSKar1-iron". This novel complex, besides being bio-accessible after in vitro gastric digestion, demonstrated 61.27 ± 1.96% iron bioavailability to the Caco-2 cells. In line with these in vitro findings, intragastric administration of the EPSKar1-iron complex to anaemic Wistar rats at 25 and 50 mg per kg body weight significantly restored blood haemoglobin levels and re-established the morphological features of red blood cells. Furthermore, the apparent digestibility co-efficient and iron uptake improved significantly without adversely affecting the serum biochemical parameters in these anaemic rats. The levels of iron-transport proteins including serum transferrin and ferritin in tissue and plasma have increased remarkably upon oral administration of EPSKar1-iron at a higher dose of 50 mg per kg body weight. Oral supplementation of EPSKar1-iron did not foster adverse histological changes in the liver, kidneys, and spleen. In fact, the treatment with the EPSKar1-iron complex had a restitution effect on the tissue architecture, thereby ameliorating the tissue lesions. These findings collectively indicate that the EPSKar1-iron complex shows nutraceutical potential in enhancing the bioavailability of iron and could be a promising approach to tackle iron deficiency anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaprabhu Haranahalli Nataraj
- Techno-functional Starter Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
- Dairy Chemistry and Bacteriology Section, SRS-of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, Karnataka, India
| | - B G Shashank Gowda
- Techno-functional Starter Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Sumit Arora
- Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Anaerobic Microbiology Lab, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Techno-functional Starter Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
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Puniya AK, Jain U, Dhillon HS, Huang JY, Rastogi N, Tamang B. Editorial: Microbiological food safety: Assessment of processing, storage, and transportation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184341. [PMID: 37056752 PMCID: PMC10086417 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
- *Correspondence: Anil Kumar Puniya ;
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | | | - Jen-Yi Huang
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Navin Rastogi
- Department of Food Engineering Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Puniya AK, Griffith GW, Ungerfeld EM. Editorial: Rising stars in systems microbiology: 2021. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1137550. [PMID: 36846775 PMCID: PMC9945582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1137550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India,*Correspondence: Anil Kumar Puniya ✉ ; ✉
| | - Gareth Wyn Griffith
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio M. Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Vilcún, Chile
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Iram D, Kindarle UA, Sansi MS, Meena S, Puniya AK, Vij S. Peptidomics-based identification of an antimicrobial peptide derived from goat milk fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (C25). J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14450. [PMID: 36226982 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as promising novel drug applicants. In the present study, goat milk was fermented using Lactobacillus rhamnosus C25 to generate bioactive peptides (BAPs). The peptide fractions generated were separated using ultrafiltration membranes with molecular weight cut-offs of 3, 5, and 10 kDa, and their antimicrobial activity toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was investigated. Isolated AMPs were characterized using RP-HPLC and identified by LC-MS/MS. A total of 569 sequences of peptides were identified by mass spectrometry. Out of the 569, 36 were predicted as AMPs, 21 were predicted as cationic, and out of 21, 6 AMPs were helical peptides. In silico analysis indicated that the majority of peptides were antimicrobial and cationic in nature, an important factor for peptide interaction with the negative charge membrane of bacteria. The results showed that the peptides of <5 kDa exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, E. coli, and S. typhi. Further, molecular docking was used to evaluate the potent MurD ligase inhibitors. On the basis of ligand binding energy, six predicted AMPs were selected and then analyzed by AutoDock tools. Among the six AMPs, peptides IGHFKLIFSLLRV (-7.5 kcal/mol) and KSFCPAPVAPPPPT (-7.6 kcal/mol), were predicted as a high-potent antimicrobial. Based on these findings, in silico investigations reveal that proteins of goat milk are a potential source of AMPs. This is for the first time that the antimicrobial peptides produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (C25) fermentation of goat milk have been identified via LC-MS/MS and predicted as AMPs, cationic charges, helical structure in nature, and potent MurD ligase inhibitors. These peptides can be synthesized and improved for use as antimicrobial agents. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Goat milk is considered a high-quality source of milk protein. According to this study, goat milk protein is a potential source of AMPs, Fermentation can yield goat milk-derived peptides with a broad antibacterial activity spectrum at a low cost. The approach described here could be beneficial in that the significant AMPs can be synthesized and used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daraksha Iram
- Antimicrobial Peptides, Biofunctional Probiotics & Peptidomics Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Uday Arun Kindarle
- Antimicrobial Peptides, Biofunctional Probiotics & Peptidomics Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Manish Singh Sansi
- Biofunctional Peptidomics & Metabolic Syndrome Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sunita Meena
- Biofunctional Peptidomics & Metabolic Syndrome Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Anaerobic Microbial Fermentation Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Shilpa Vij
- Antimicrobial Peptides, Biofunctional Probiotics & Peptidomics Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Samtiya M, Aluko RE, Dhaka N, Dhewa T, Puniya AK. Nutritional and health-promoting attributes of millet: current and future perspectives. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:684-704. [PMID: 36219789 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Millet is consumed as a staple food, particularly in developing countries, is part of the traditional diet in a number of relatively affluent countries, and is gaining popularity throughout the world. It is a valuable dietary energy source. In addition to high caloric value, several health-promoting attributes have been reported for millet seeds. This review describes many nutritional characteristics of millet seeds and their derivatives that are important to human health: antioxidant, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory, antibacterial or antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-carcinogenic potential, and their role as modulators of gut health. There are several varieties, but the main focus of this review is on pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus [synonym Pennisetum glaucum]), one of the most widely eaten millet crops grown in India, though other millet types are also covered. In this article, the health-promoting properties of the natural components (ie, proteins, peptides, polyphenols, polysaccharides, oil, isoflavones, etc.) present in millet seeds are discussed. Although many of these health benefits have been demonstrated using animal models in vitro studies, human intervention-feeding trials are required to confirm several of the potential health benefits of millet seeds. Based on the nutritional and health-promoting attributes known for pearl millet (discussed in this review), finger millet and foxtail millet are suggested as good candidates for use in future nutritional interventions for improved human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Namrata Dhaka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- is with the Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Samtiya M, Matthews KR, Dhewa T, Puniya AK. Antimicrobial Resistance in the Food Chain: Trends, Mechanisms, Pathways, and Possible Regulation Strategies. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192966. [PMID: 36230040 PMCID: PMC9614604 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains of major interest for different types of food stakeholders since it can negatively impact human health on a global scale. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and/or antimicrobial resistance genes (transfer in pathogenic bacteria) may contaminate food at any stage, from the field to retail. Research demonstrates that antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infection(s) occur more frequently in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in developed countries. Worldwide, foodborne pathogens are a primary cause of morbidity and mortality. The spread of pathogenic bacteria from food to consumers may occur by direct or indirect routes. Therefore, an array of approaches both at the national and international level to control the spread of foodborne pathogens and promote food safety and security are essential. Zoonotic microbes can spread through the environment, animals, humans, and the food chain. Antimicrobial drugs are used globally to treat infections in humans and animals and prophylactically in production agriculture. Research highlights that foods may become contaminated with AMR bacteria (AMRB) during the continuum from the farm to processing to retail to the consumer. To mitigate the risk of AMRB in humans, it is crucial to control antibiotic use throughout food production, both for animal and crop agriculture. The main inferences of this review are (1) routes by which AMRB enters the food chain during crop and animal production and other modes, (2) prevention and control steps for AMRB, and (3) impact on human health if AMR is not addressed globally. A thorough perspective is presented on the gaps in current systems for surveillance of antimicrobial use in food production and/ or AMR in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123029, India
| | - Karl R. Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123029, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
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Sansi MS, Iram D, Zanab S, Vij S, Puniya AK, Singh A, Ashutosh, Meena S. Antimicrobial bioactive peptides from goat Milk proteins: In silico prediction and analysis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14311. [PMID: 35789493 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to assess the potential proteins of goat milk (i.e. α-s1-casein, α-s2-casein, β-casein, κ-casein, α-lactoglobulin and β-lactalbumin) as precursors of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Bioinformatics tools such as BIOPEP-UWM (enzyme action) were used for the in silico gastrointestinal digestion via a cocktail of pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin A. The antimicrobial activity of peptides was predicted by using four algorithms, including Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Artificial Neural Network and Discriminant Analysis on CAMPR3 online server, which works on Hidden Markov Models. Different online tools predicted the physiochemical properties, allergenicity, and toxicity of peptides as well. In silico gastrointestinal digestion simulation of proteins by enzymes cocktail yielded a total of 83 potential AMPs, with thirteen peptides being confident by all four algorithms. More AMPs were released from β-casein (21) than from β-lactoglobulin (16), α-s1-casein (15), α-s2-casein (12), κ-casein (11) and α-lactalbumin (9). A total of 17 peptides were cationic, and the majority of the peptides were extended AMPs. These peptides were released from α-s1-casein (SGK, IQK), α-s2-casein (SIR, AIH, TQPK), β-casein (GPVR, AVPQR, AIAR, GVPK, SQPK, PVPQK, IH, VPK), k-casein (AIPPK, QQR, IAK, TVPAK). All of the AMPs were anticipated to be non-toxic, and 54 of the 83 peptides were confirmed to be non-allergic, with the remaining 29 suspected of being allergenic and 31 to be predicted to have good water solubility. Further the molecular docking was used to evaluate the potent dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) inhibitors. On the basis of ligand binding energy, 17 predicted AMPs were selected and then analyzed by AutoDock tools. Among the 17 AMPs, 3 AMPs were predicted as high-potent antimicrobial. Based on these findings, in silico investigations reveal that proteins of goat milk are a potential source of AMPs. These peptides can be synthesized and improved for use in the food sector. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Goat milk is regarded as a high-quality milk protein source. According to this study, goat milk protein is a possible source of AMPs, and therefore, most important AMPs can be synthesized and developed for use in the food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Singh Sansi
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Daraksha Iram
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sameena Zanab
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Vij
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Quality and Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ashutosh
- Animal Physiology Division, Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sunita Meena
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Nalla K, Manda NK, Dhillon HS, Kanade SR, Rokana N, Hess M, Puniya AK. Impact of Probiotics on Dairy Production Efficiency. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:805963. [PMID: 35756055 PMCID: PMC9218901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.805963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest on probiotics to enhance weight gain and disease resistance in young calves and to improve the milk yield in lactating animals by reducing the negative energy balance during the peak lactation period. While it has been well established that probiotics modulate the microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract, and a probiotic-mediated homeostasis in the rumen could improve feed conversation competence, volatile fatty acid production and nitrogen flow that enhances the milk composition as well as milk production, detailed changes on the molecular and metabolic level prompted by probiotic feed additives are still not understood. Moreover, as living biotherapeutic agents, probiotics have the potential to directly change the gene expression profile of animals by activating the signalling cascade in the host cells. Various direct and indirect components of probiotic approaches to improve the productivity of dairy animals are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirankumar Nalla
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Manda
- Department of Biosensors and Nanotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Matthias Hess
- Systems Microbiology and Natural Product Discovery Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Chaudhary V, Katyal P, Panwar H, Kaur J, Aluko RE, Puniya AK, Poonia AK. Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of the red biopigment extract from Monascus purpureus (MTCC 369). J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14249. [PMID: 35615960 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the Monascus purpureus (MTCC 369) extracted biopigment produced by solid-state fermentation was evaluated for its therapeutic potential using human prostate LNCaP cells. Antioxidant efficacy of the red biopigment determined using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays was found to be 53.16%, 86.27%, and 13.83%, respectively. In addition, expression studies of target gene superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2) showed that increasing concentrations (10-50 μg/ml) of the biopigment enhanced its expression from 0.91- to 1.905-fold. An inhibitory effect of 0.424-0.627-fold was observed in the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) with a similar increase in biopigment concentration. Addition of quercetin (positive control) at 50 μg/ml led to 0.295-fold decrease in GPX expression. In contrast, the expression of SOD-2 increased by 1.026-fold in the presence of quercetin. The biopigment also showed an increased serological IL-10 expression (an anti-inflammatory agent) ranging from 1034.58 to 4657.89 pg/ml. Treatment of LNCaP cells with the red biopigment (10-100 μg/ml) resulted in significant (p < .05) reduction (upto 79.86%) in viability and 51.79%-89.86% reduction in cell metabolic activity. Fluorescent microscopy examination of red biopigment-treated cells showed significant inhibition of normal cellular morphology including condensed nuclei, membrane blebbing, and apoptotic bodies, thus confirming its cytotoxic potential. Results of this study revealed that the red biopigment has the potential to modulate the expression of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory markers in addition to being cytotoxic to the LNCaP cancer cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: These findings indicate that cell treatment with red biopigment has the potential to modulate anti-oxidative, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes for therapeutic effects, which is further enhanced by its cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Considering these cell-based observations, Monascus red biopigment has ample potential as a useful supplement to formulate therapeutic products that delay the development of inflammatory-related diseases and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishu Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Priya Katyal
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru AngadDev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Poonia
- Department of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
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Lekchand Dasriya V, Samtiya M, Dhewa T, Puniya M, Kumar S, Ranveer S, Chaudhary V, Vij S, Behare P, Singh N, Aluko RE, Puniya AK. Etiology and management of Alzheimer's disease: Potential role of gut microbiota modulation with probiotics supplementation. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14043. [PMID: 34927261 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading type of dementia in aging people and is a progressive condition that causes neurodegeneration, resulting in confusion, memory loss, and deterioration of mental functions. AD happens because of abnormal twisting of the microtubule tau protein in neurons into a tangled neurofibrillary structure. Different factors responsible for AD pathogenesis include heavy metals, aging, cardiovascular disease, and environmental and genetic factors. Market available drugs for AD have several side effects that include hepato-toxicity, accelerated cognitive decline, worsened neuropsychiatric symptoms, and triggered suicidal ideation. Therefore, an emerging alternative therapeutic approach is probiotics, which can improve AD by modulating the gut-brain axis. Probiotics modulate different neurochemical pathways by regulating the signalling pathways associated with inflammation, histone deacetylation, and microglial cell activation and maturation. In addition, probiotics-derived metabolites (i.e., short-chain fatty acid, neurotransmitters, and antioxidants) have shown ameliorative effects against AD. Probiotics also modulate gut microbiota, with a beneficial impact on neural signalling and cognitive activity, which can attenuate AD progression. Therefore, the current review describes the etiology and mechanism of AD progression as well as various treatment options with a focus on the use of probiotics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In an aging population, dementia concerns are quite prevalent globally. AD is one of the most commonly occurring cognition disorders, which is linked to diminished brain functions. Scientific evidence supports the findings that probiotics and gut microbiota can regulate/modulate brain functions, one of the finest strategies to alleviate such disorders through the gut-brain axis. Thus, gut microbiota modulation, especially through probiotic supplementation, could become an effective solution to ameliorate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Monica Puniya
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, FDA Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Soniya Ranveer
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vishu Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Shilpa Vij
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Pradip Behare
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Namita Singh
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Chaudhary V, Katyal P, Poonia AK, Kaur J, Puniya AK, Panwar H. Natural pigment from Monascus: The production and therapeutic significance. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 133:18-38. [PMID: 34569683 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present review highlights the advantages of using natural colorant over the synthetic one. We have discussed the fermentation parameters that can enhance the productivity of Monascus pigment on agricultural wastes. BACKGROUND Food industry is looking for natural colours because these can enhance the esthetic value, attractiveness, and acceptability of food while remaining nontoxic. Many synthetic food colours (Azorubine Carmoisine, quinoline) have been prohibited due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity. Increasing consumer awareness towards the food safety has forced the manufacturing industries to look for suitable alternatives. In addition to safety, natural colorants have been found to have nutritional and therapeutic significance. Among the natural colorants, microbial pigments can be considered as a viable option because of scalability, easier production, no seasonal dependence, cheaper raw materials and easier extraction. Fungi such as Monascus have a long history of safety and therefore can be used for production of biopigments. METHOD The present review summarizes the predicted biosynthetic pathways and pigment gene clusters in Monascus purpureus. RESULTS The challenges faced during the pilot-scale production of Monascus biopigment and taming it by us of low-cost agro-industrial substrates for solid state fermentation has been suggested. CONCLUSION Keeping in mind, therapeutic properties of Monascus pigments and their derivatives, they have huge potential for industrial and pharmaceutical application. APPLICATION Though the natural pigments have wide scope in the food industry. However, stabilization of pigment is the greatest challenge and attempts are being made to overcome this by complexion with hydrocolloids or metals and by microencapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishu Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Priya Katyal
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Poonia
- Department of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Jena R, Choudhury PK, Puniya AK, Tomar SK. Efficacy of BOX-PCR fingerprinting for taxonomic discrimination of bifidobacterial species isolated from diverse sources. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:270. [PMID: 34055563 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Bifidobacterium are extensively used as probiotics in food applications, for their potential role to combat different lifestyle diseases. This has necessitated a great importance for their species, sub-species and even at the strain level characterization. In the present study, attempts have been made to target repetitive DNA element-based BOX-PCR fingerprinting to judge its potential in taxonomic discrimination of Bifidobacterium species. The BOXA1R primer-based repetitive PCR amplified products were analysed for 93 identified bifidobacterial isolates collected from diverse sources of human and animal origin along with 12 DSMZ procured standard reference strains. Dendrograms constructed from the fingerprint patterns of BOX-PCR differentiated all the isolated strains into 10 different groups, grouped with one standard reference isolates and successfully discriminated all isolates up to subspecies level as identified. The BOX-PCR method used in this study effectively resolved the taxonomic status and differentiated all 93 bifidobacterial species isolated from diverse faecal origins of human and animal samples.
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Veena N, Hundal JS, Wadhwa M, Puniya AK. Factors affecting the milk yield, milk composition and physico-chemical parameters of ghee in lactating crossbred cows. IJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2021.v74i01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Panwar H, Rokana N, Aparna SV, Kaur J, Singh A, Singh J, Singh KS, Chaudhary V, Puniya AK. Gastrointestinal stress as innate defence against microbial attack. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1035-1061. [PMID: 32869386 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been bestowed with the most difficult task of protecting the underlying biological compartments from the resident commensal flora and the potential pathogens in transit through the GI tract. It has a unique environment in which several defence tactics are at play while maintaining homeostasis and health. The GI tract shows myriad number of environmental extremes, which includes pH variations, anaerobic conditions, nutrient limitations, elevated osmolarity etc., which puts a check to colonization and growth of nonfriendly microbial strains. The GI tract acts as a highly selective barrier/platform for ingested food and is the primary playground for balance between the resident and uninvited organisms. This review focuses on antimicrobial defense mechanisms of different sections of human GI tract. In addition, the protective mechanisms used by microbes to combat the human GI defence systems are also discussed. The ability to survive this innate defence mechanism determines the capability of probiotic or pathogen strains to confer health benefits or induce clinical events respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - N Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S V Aparna
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Science University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, India
| | - J Kaur
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K S Singh
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - V Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A K Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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N V, Wadhwa M, Hundal JS, Puniya AK. Factors affecting milk yield, milk composition and physico-chemical parameters of ghee in Murrah buffaloes of Punjab region. IJDS 2020. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2020.v73i01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Singh N, Kaur R, Singh BP, Rokana N, Goel G, Puniya AK, Panwar H. Impairment of Cronobacter sakazakii and Listeria monocytogenes biofilms by cell-free preparations of lactobacilli of goat milk origin. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:185-196. [PMID: 31218652 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacterial infections represent one of the major threats to modern medical treatments. Bacteria encased in biofilm matrix are more resistant towards antimicrobials and thus the capability of microbes to persist and nurture in a biofilm seems to be the foremost aspect of pathogenesis and therapeutic failure. Therefore, there is a pressing demand for new drugs active against microbial biofilms. In the current study, anti-biofilm potential of Lactobacillus spp. cell-free supernatants (CFSs) against Cronobacter sakazakii and Listeria monocytogenes was characterized using crystal violet staining and MTT assay. CFSs of goat milk origin lactobacilli not only prevented biofilm formation but also disrupted preformed biofilms. Neutralized and heat-treated preparations of Lactobacillus CFSs also inhibited biofilm formation by test pathogens. The results were quantitatively confirmed by light and fluorescent microscopy observations. Biofilms developed under static conditions displayed typical compact microcolonies with uniform distribution over the surface, while upon CFS challenge, biofilms were disrupted with presence of dead cells. These findings highlight the anti-biofilm potency of Lactobacillus spp. strains of goat milk origin and their potential application in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Brij Pal Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Gunjan Goel
- Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
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Abstract
A plethora of nanoparticles are currently used in the food industry in myriad applications. Of these, ‘nanosilver’ is widely used due to their multitude actions. Recent consensus among the scientific community affirmed that nanosilver might potentially alter the gut microbiota instead of their intended use that has a profound effect on our health. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota led to the onset of serious pathological conditions as reflected from several studies. In lieu of the positive impact of nanosilver, their inadvertent toxic effects on gut microbiota are underestimated. In this review, first all studies concerning the influence of nanosilver on gut microbiota are discussed along with relevant pharmacokinetic studies and in closing section the challenges and future task remained in the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Dahiya
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education & Research, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences at Bikaner, Jaipur 302020, Rajasthan, India
| | - Renuka
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education & Research, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences at Bikaner, Jaipur 302020, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- College of Dairy Science & Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
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Dagar SS, Kumar S, Mudgil P, Puniya AK. Comparative evaluation of lignocellulolytic activities of filamentous cultures of monocentric and polycentric anaerobic fungi. Anaerobe 2018; 50:76-79. [PMID: 29454109 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen strains of monocentric and polycentric anaerobic fungi were evaluated for cellulase, xylanase and esterase activities. Though strain level variations were observed among all genera, Neocallimastix and Orpinomyces strains exhibited the highest lignocellulolytic activities. The esterase activities of monocentric group of anaerobic fungi were better than the polycentric group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Singh Dagar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Priti Mudgil
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
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Sharma C, Rokana N, Chandra M, Singh BP, Gulhane RD, Gill JPS, Ray P, Puniya AK, Panwar H. Antimicrobial Resistance: Its Surveillance, Impact, and Alternative Management Strategies in Dairy Animals. Front Vet Sci 2018; 4:237. [PMID: 29359135 PMCID: PMC5766636 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one among the most common priority areas identified by both national and international agencies, is mushrooming as a silent pandemic. The advancement in public health care through introduction of antibiotics against infectious agents is now being threatened by global development of multidrug-resistant strains. These strains are product of both continuous evolution and un-checked antimicrobial usage (AMU). Though antibiotic application in livestock has largely contributed toward health and productivity, it has also played significant role in evolution of resistant strains. Although, a significant emphasis has been given to AMR in humans, trends in animals, on other hand, are not much emphasized. Dairy farming involves surplus use of antibiotics as prophylactic and growth promoting agents. This non-therapeutic application of antibiotics, their dosage, and withdrawal period needs to be re-evaluated and rationally defined. A dairy animal also poses a serious risk of transmission of resistant strains to humans and environment. Outlining the scope of the problem is necessary for formulating and monitoring an active response to AMR. Effective and commendably connected surveillance programs at multidisciplinary level can contribute to better understand and minimize the emergence of resistance. Besides, it requires a renewed emphasis on investments into research for finding alternate, safe, cost effective, and innovative strategies, parallel to discovery of new antibiotics. Nevertheless, numerous direct or indirect novel approaches based on host-microbial interaction and molecular mechanisms of pathogens are also being developed and corroborated by researchers to combat the threat of resistance. This review places a concerted effort to club the current outline of AMU and AMR in dairy animals; ongoing global surveillance and monitoring programs; its impact at animal human interface; and strategies for combating resistance with an extensive overview on possible alternates to current day antibiotics that could be implemented in livestock sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Mudit Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Brij Pal Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Rohini Devidas Gulhane
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
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Sharma C, Gulati S, Thakur N, Singh BP, Gupta S, Kaur S, Mishra SK, Puniya AK, Gill JPS, Panwar H. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of indigenous lactobacilli isolated from curd and human milk samples. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:53. [PMID: 28444600 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a vital role in host well-being and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have gained an overwhelming attention as health promoter. This perception has evolved from traditional dairy products to a money-spinning market of probiotics. The safety of probiotics is coupled to their intended use and LAB may act as pool of antimicrobial resistance genes that could be transferred to pathogens, either in food matrix or in gastrointestinal tract, which could be detrimental to host. This study evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of LAB isolated from curd (20) and human milk (11) samples. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined against 26 common antibiotics, following reference disc diffusion assay. A varied response in terms of susceptibility and resistance towards antibiotics was recorded. Among curd isolates, D7 (Lactobacillus plantarum) was the most resistant followed by D4, D8, D10 and D25. Among human milk isolates, HM-1 (L. casei) showed the highest resistance profile. All LAB isolates displayed high susceptibility pattern towards imipenem and meropenem. In general, high resistivity was exhibited by human milk isolates. The present study showed that antibiotic resistance is widespread among different lactobacilli, which may pose a food safety concern. Therefore, antibiotic sensitivity should be considered as a vital tool for safety assessment of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Sachin Gulati
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Nishchal Thakur
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Brij Pal Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Sanjolly Gupta
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Jatinder Pal Singh Gill
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
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Dahiya DK, Puniya AK. Isolation, molecular characterization and screening of indigenous lactobacilli for their abilities to produce bioactive conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:792-801. [PMID: 28298694 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of conjugated linoleic acid poised many health benefits; however, amount of CLA one can get through generalized diet in is inadequate in exerting the desired benefits. Therefore, presence of CLA producing lactobacilli in dairy fermented foods has a tremendous potential to increase the CLA content. Therefore, present study was focused to isolate and characterize CLA producing lactobacilli from different dairy products and human faeces. Arguably, 283 lactobacilli were isolated from various sources and tested for CLA production. Fifty-seven CLA producing (≥20 µg/ml) lactobacilli were selected from screening in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth and reconstituted with skim milk (SM), supplemented with 0.5 mg/ml of linoleic acid. Positive strains were classified into-L. plantarum (44%), L. gasseri (30%), L. fermentum (21%) and L. salivarius (5%) species. Nineteen most efficient strains (CLA ≥25 µg/ml) were further assessed in SM for CLA production. Total 08 strains produced significantly higher CLA in SM than MRS and also produced cis 9, trans 11, trans 10, cis 12 and trans 9, trans 11 isomers. Overall, L. plantarum HIF15 was reported as the best producer of CLA and other 08 lactobacilli may be utilized for the formulation of CLA-enriched functional foods to support these bacteria to synthesize CLA in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Dahiya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India.,College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
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28
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Dagar SS, Singh N, Goel N, Kumar S, Puniya AK. Role of anaerobic fungi in wheat straw degradation and effects of plant feed additives on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro. Benef Microbes 2016; 6:353-60. [PMID: 25391347 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, rumen microbial groups, i.e. total rumen microbes (TRM), total anaerobic fungi (TAF), avicel enriched bacteria (AEB) and neutral detergent fibre enriched bacteria (NEB) were evaluated for wheat straw (WS) degradability and different fermentation parameters in vitro. Highest WS degradation was shown for TRM, followed by TAF, NEB and least by AEB. Similar patterns were observed with total gas production and short chain fatty acid profiles. Overall, TAF emerged as the most potent individual microbial group. In order to enhance the fibrolytic and rumen fermentation potential of TAF, we evaluated 18 plant feed additives in vitro. Among these, six plant additives namely Albizia lebbeck, Alstonia scholaris, Bacopa monnieri, Lawsonia inermis, Psidium guajava and Terminalia arjuna considerably improved WS degradation by TAF. Further evaluation showed A. lebbeck as best feed additive. The study revealed that TAF plays a significant role in WS degradation and their fibrolytic activities can be improved by inclusion of A. lebbeck in fermentation medium. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its active constituents, effect on fungal population and in vivo potential in animal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Dagar
- Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India Microbial Science Division, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Singh
- Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India Department of Paramedical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - N Goel
- Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - A K Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
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Dahiya DK, Puniya AK. Evaluation of Survival, Free Radical Scavenging and Human Enterocyte Adherence Potential of Lactobacilli with Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory CLA Isomer-Producing Attributes. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Dahiya
- Dairy Microbiology Division; ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division; ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
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30
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Goel G, Raghav M, Beniwal V, Puniya AK. Anaerobic degradation of tannins in Acacia nilotica pods by Enterococcus faecalis in co-culture with ruminal microbiota. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2015; 61:31-3. [PMID: 25833679 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.61.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Goel
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan; Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
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Griffith GW, Callaghan TM, Podmirseg SM, Hohlweck D, Edwards JE, Puniya AK, Dagar SS. Buwchfawromyces eastonii gen. nov., sp. nov.: a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from buffalo faeces. MycoKeys 2015. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.9.9032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mandal S, Hati S, Puniya AK, Khamrui K, Singh K. Enhancement of survival of alginate-encapsulated Lactobacillus casei NCDC 298. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:1994-2001. [PMID: 24307185 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-encapsulation of hydrocolloids improves the survival of sensitive probiotic bacteria in the harsh conditions that prevail in foods and during gastrointestinal passage by segregating them from environments. Incorporation of additives in encapsulating hydrocolloids and coatings of microcapsules further improves the survival of the probiotics. In this study, the effect of incorporation of resistant-maize starch in alginate for micro-encapsulation and coating of microcapsules with poly-l-lysine, stearic acid and bees wax on the survival of encapsulated Lactobacillus casei NCDC 298 at pH 1.5, 2% high bile salt, 65 °C for 20 min and release of viable lactobacilli cells from the capsule matrix in simulated aqueous solutions of colonic pH were assessed. RESULTS Addition of resistant maize starch (2%) improved the survival of encapsulated L. casei NCDC 298. Coating of microcapsules with poly-L-lysine did not further improve the protection of encapsulated cells from the harsh conditions; however, bees wax and stearic acid (2%) improved the survival under similar conditions. Incorporation of maize starch (2%) in alginate followed by coating of beads with stearic acid (2%) led to better protection and complete release of entrapped lactobacilli in simulated colonic pH solution was observed. CONCLUSION Additional treatments improve the survival of alginate-encapsulated lactobacilli cells without hindering the release of active cells from the capsule matrix and hence, the resulting encapsulated probiotics can be exploited in the development of probiotic functional foods with better survival of sensitive probiotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Mandal
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Deemed University, Karnal - 132001, Haryana, India
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Kumar S, Choudhury PK, Carro MD, Griffith GW, Dagar SS, Puniya M, Calabro S, Ravella SR, Dhewa T, Upadhyay RC, Sirohi SK, Kundu SS, Wanapat M, Puniya AK. New aspects and strategies for methane mitigation from ruminants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:31-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sirohi SK, Chaudhary PP, Singh N, Singh D, Puniya AK. The 16S rRNA and mcrA gene based comparative diversity of methanogens in cattle fed on high fibre based diet. Gene 2013; 523:161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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35
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Sirohi SK, Choudhury PK, Puniya AK, Singh D, Dagar SS, Singh N. Ribosomal ITS1 sequence-based diversity analysis of anaerobic rumen fungi in cattle fed on high fiber diet. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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36
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Nagpal R, Puniya AK, Sehgal JP, Singh K. Survival of anaerobic fungus Caecomyces sp. in various preservation methods: a comparative study. MYCOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-012-0187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Kumar S, Dagar SS, Puniya AK, Upadhyay RC. Changes in methane emission, rumen fermentation in response to diet and microbial interactions. Res Vet Sci 2012; 94:263-8. [PMID: 23046919 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate relative contributions of different microbial groups in rumen, the mono-culture (i.e. bacteria, protozoa and fungi) and co-cultures (i.e. bacterial-protozoal, fungal-protozoal and bacterial-fungal) were tested in vitro using high and low roughage diets. Total gas and methane were higher in bacterial-fungal and bacterial-protozoal co-cultures, while lower in fungal-protozoal than controls (high and low roughage with complete rumen consortia; control 1 and 2, respectively). Digestibility and total volatile fatty acids were lower in bacterial-fungal co-culture with both high and low roughage diets. Methanogens decreased in bacterial-fungal co-culture with high roughage. With high roughage, counts were lower for bacteria with bacterial-protozoal, protozoa with fungal-protozoal, and fungi with the bacterial-fungal co-cultures. Total gas was higher in bacterial mono-culture with low roughage, but methane was not detected in any mono-culture. Digestibility and total volatile fatty acids were significantly lowered with protozoal mono-culture. Methanogens reduced significantly in mono-cultures with high roughage diet than control 1. Defaunation reduced methanogens without significantly affecting rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
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38
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Kumar S, Dagar SS, Sirohi SK, Upadhyay RC, Puniya AK. Microbial profiles, in vitro gas production and dry matter digestibility based on various ratios of roughage to concentrate. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Sirohi SK, Singh N, Dagar SS, Puniya AK. Molecular tools for deciphering the microbial community structure and diversity in rumen ecosystem. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1135-54. [PMID: 22782251 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rumen microbial community comprising of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa is characterized not only by the high population density but also by the remarkable diversity and the most complex microecological interactions existing in the biological world. This unprecedented biodiversity is quite far from full elucidation as only about 15-20 % of the rumen microbes are identified and characterized till date using conventional culturing and microscopy. However, the last two decades have witnessed a paradigm shift from cumbersome and time-consuming classical methods to nucleic acid-based molecular approaches for deciphering the rumen microbial community. These techniques are rapid, reproducible and allow both the qualitative and quantitative assessment of microbial diversity. This review describes the different molecular methods and their applications in elucidating the rumen microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sirohi
- Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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Malashree L, Mudgil P, Dagar SS, Kumar S, Puniya AK. β-Glucosidase Activity of Lactobacilli for Biotransformation of Soy Isoflavones. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2012.670832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Anaerobic fungi were orally dosed to lactating buffaloes to study their effect on the digestibility of a diet (composed of 50% wheat straw and 50% concentrate along with six kg maize green/animal/day), rumen fermentation patterns and milk production. Group I (control) was administered with fungus-free anaerobic broth, while group II and III were administered with Orpinomyces sp. C-14 or Piromyces sp. WNG-12 (250 ml; 3-5 days of growth/animal/ week), respectively. Milk production was higher in group II and III (8.42 and 8.48 kg/d) than in the control (8.03 kg/d) with virtually the same feed intake (i.e. 11.50 and 10.62 and 11.79 kg, respectively). There was an increase of 6% fat-corrected milk yield/animal/day in group II and III, respectively compared to the control. The milk fat was higher in the fungal culture administered groups than in the control group. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and digestible energy also increased significantly in group II and III. The pH and ammonia nitrogen were lower, whereas total volatile fatty acids, total nitrogen, trichloroacid precipitable nitrogen and number of zoospores/ml of rumen liquor were higher in group II and III when compared to the control. Hence, it can be stated that rumen fungi can be used as a direct-fed microbial in lactating buffaloes, to enhance the digestibility of wheat straw based diets leading to higher production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saxena
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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42
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Kumar S, Dagar SS, Mohanty AK, Sirohi SK, Puniya M, Kuhad RC, Sangu KPS, Griffith GW, Puniya AK. Enumeration of methanogens with a focus on fluorescence in situ hybridization. Naturwissenschaften 2011; 98:457-72. [PMID: 21475941 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-011-0791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Methanogens, the members of domain Archaea are potent contributors in global warming. Being confined to the strict anaerobic environment, their direct cultivation as pure culture is quite difficult. Therefore, a range of culture-independent methods have been developed to investigate their numbers, substrate uptake patterns, and identification in complex microbial communities. Unlike other approaches, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is not only used for faster quantification and accurate identification but also to reveal the physiological properties and spatiotemporal dynamics of methanogens in their natural environment. Aside from the methodological aspects and application of FISH, this review also focuses on culture-dependent and -independent techniques employed in enumerating methanogens along with associated problems. In addition, the combination of FISH with micro-autoradiography that could also be an important tool in investigating the activities of methanogens is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
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43
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Nagpal R, Puniya AK, Sehgal JP, Singh K. In vitro fibrolytic potential of anaerobic rumen fungi from ruminants and non-ruminant herbivores. MYCOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-010-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
The Methanogens are a diverse group of organisms found in anaerobic environments such as anaerobic sludge digester, wet wood of trees, sewage, rumen, black mud, black sea sediments, etc which utilize carbon dioxide and hydrogen and produce methane. They are nutritionally fastidious anaerobes with the redox potential below -300 mV and usually grow at pH range of 6.0-8.0 [1]. Substrates utilized for growth and methane production include hydrogen, formate, methanol, methylamine, acetate, etc. They metabolize only restricted range of substrates and are poorly characterized with respect to other metabolic, biochemical and molecular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sirohi
- Nutrition Biotechnology Lab, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001 India
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Shrivastava B, Thakur S, Khasa YP, Gupte A, Puniya AK, Kuhad RC. White-rot fungal conversion of wheat straw to energy rich cattle feed. Biodegradation 2010; 22:823-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-010-9408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shelke SK, Chhabra A, Puniya AK, Sehgal JP. In vitro degradation of sugarcane bagasse based ruminant rations using anaerobic fungi. ANN MICROBIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Tripathi VK, Sehgal JP, Puniya AK, Singh K. Hydrolytic activities of anaerobic fungi from wild blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus). Anaerobe 2007; 13:36-9. [PMID: 17218123 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The anaerobic fungi play an active role in the plant fibre degradation by producing a wide array of potential hydrolytic enzymes in the rumen. In present study, 12 anaerobic fungal strains were isolated from the faecal samples of wild blue bull, and identified as species of Piromyces, Anaeromyces, Orpinomyces and Neocallimastix based on their morphological characteristics. Isolate WNG-12 (Piromyces sp.), showed maximum filter paper cellulase (23 mIU ml(-1)) and xylanase (127 mIU ml(-1)) activity, while WNG-5 (Piromyces sp.) showed maximum carboxymethyl cellulase activity (231 mIU ml(-1)). Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that Piromyces sp. WNG-12 may be a promising isolate in utilizing fibre rich diets in the rumen as evidenced by the production of hydrolytic enzymes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kumar Tripathi
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- G Goel
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132-001, Haryana, India
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49
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Abstract
Tannins (hydrolyzable and condensed) are water-soluble polyphenolic compounds that exert antinutritional effects on ruminants by forming complexes with dietary proteins. They limit nitrogen supply to animals, besides inhibiting the growth and activity of ruminal microflora. However, some gastrointestinal microbes are able to break tannin-protein complexes while preferentially degrading hydrolyzable tannins (HTs). Streptococcus gallolyticus, Lonepinella koalarum and Selenomonas ruminantium are the dominant bacterial species that have the ability to degrade HTs. These tanninolytic microorganisms possess tannin-degrading ability and have developed certain mechanisms to tolerate tannins in feeds. Hence, selection of efficient tanninolytic microbes and transinoculation among animals for long-term benefits become areas of intensive interest. Here, we review the effects of tannins on ruminants, the existence and significance of tannin-degrading microorganisms in diverse groups of animals and the mechanisms that tannin-degrading microorganisms have developed to counter the toxic effects of tannin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Goel
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India.
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50
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Abstract
Tannin degrading isolates of Streptococcus spp. from rumen of non-adaptive cattle, when grown in BHI broth, were able to tolerate tannic acid upto a level of 50 g/l. An increase in lag period from 1.5 to 6 h was observed for the isolates in presence of increased concentration of tannic acid. In addition, the morphology of gram positive diplococci converted to an elongated chain of 40-50 cells with increasing tannic acid from 1 to 4%. Qualitatively, the tannase activity was found to be present in the isolates tested, indicating their potential of being a tannin degrader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Goel
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, India
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