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Sagar R, Raghavendhar S, Jain V, Khan N, Chandele A, Patel AK, Kaja M, Ray P, Kapoor N. Viremia and clinical manifestations in acute febrile patients of Chikungunya infection during the 2016 CHIKV outbreak in Delhi, India. Infect Med (Beijing) 2024; 3:100088. [PMID: 38444748 PMCID: PMC10914418 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2024.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an infectious agent that caused several outbreaks among different countries and affected approximately 1.3 million Indian populations. It is transmitted by Aedes mosquito-either A. albopictus or A. aegypti. Generally, the clinical manifestations of CHIKV infection involve high-grade fever, joint pain, skin rashes, headache, and myalgia. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the CHIKV virus load and clinical symptoms of the CHIKV infection so that better patient management can be done in the background of the CHIKV outbreak as there is no licensed anti-viral drug and approved vaccines available against CHIKV. Methods CHIKV RTPCR positive samples (n = 18) (Acute febrile patients having D.O.F ≤ 7 days) were taken for the quantification of CHIKV viremia by Real-Time PCR. Clinical features of the febrile patients were recorded during the collection of blood samples. Results The log mean virus load of 18 RT-PCR-positive samples was 1.3 × 106 copies/mL (1.21 × 103-2.33 × 108 copies/mL). Among the observed clinical features, the log mean virus load (CHIKV) of the patients without skin rash is higher than in the patients with skin rash (6.61 vs 5.5, P = 0.0435). Conclusion The conclusion of the study was that the patients with skin rashes had lower viral load and those without skin rashes had higher viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sagar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi 110068, India
| | - Siva Raghavendhar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vineet Jain
- HAH Centenary Hospital, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Naushad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, ICGEB, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Murali Kaja
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, ICGEB, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322 Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Neera Kapoor
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi 110068, India
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2
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Aggarwal C, Ahmed H, Sharma P, Reddy ES, Nayak K, Singla M, Maheshwari D, Chawla YM, Panda H, Rai RC, Gunisetty S, Priyamvada L, Bhaumik SK, Ahamed SF, Vivek R, Bhatnagar P, Singh P, Kaur M, Dixit K, Kumar S, Gottimukkala K, Saini K, Bajpai P, Sreekanth GP, Mammen S, Rajan A, Verghese VP, Abraham AM, Shah P, Alagarasu K, Yu T, Davis CW, Wrammert J, Ansari A, Antia R, Kabra SK, Medigeshi GR, Ahmed R, Lodha R, Shet A, Chandele A, Murali-Krishna K. Severe disease during both primary and secondary dengue virus infections in pediatric populations. Nat Med 2024; 30:670-674. [PMID: 38321219 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Dengue is a global epidemic causing over 100 million cases annually. The clinical symptoms range from mild fever to severe hemorrhage and shock, including some fatalities. The current paradigm is that these severe dengue cases occur mostly during secondary infections due to antibody-dependent enhancement after infection with a different dengue virus serotype. India has the highest dengue burden worldwide, but little is known about disease severity and its association with primary and secondary dengue infections. To address this issue, we examined 619 children with febrile dengue-confirmed infection from three hospitals in different regions of India. We classified primary and secondary infections based on IgM:IgG ratios using a dengue-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the World Health Organization guidelines. We found that primary dengue infections accounted for more than half of total clinical cases (344 of 619), severe dengue cases (112 of 202) and fatalities (5 of 7). Consistent with the classification based on binding antibody data, dengue neutralizing antibody titers were also significantly lower in primary infections compared to secondary infections (P ≤ 0.0001). Our findings question the currently widely held belief that severe dengue is associated predominantly with secondary infections and emphasizes the importance of developing vaccines or treatments to protect dengue-naive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Aggarwal
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hasan Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Singla
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadya M Chawla
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Harekrushna Panda
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sivaram Gunisetty
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lalita Priyamvada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kumar Bhaumik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Syed Fazil Ahamed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rosario Vivek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences & Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Priya Bhatnagar
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- TERI school of advanced studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Gottimukkala
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Keshav Saini
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopinathan Pillai Sreekanth
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobha Mammen
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Anand Rajan
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Valsan Philip Verghese
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Asha Mary Abraham
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Paresh Shah
- Department of Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Kalichamy Alagarasu
- Department of Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Carl W Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aftab Ansari
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar Kabra
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Guruprasad R Medigeshi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anita Shet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
- International Vaccine Access Centre, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Singh P, Bajpai P, Maheshwari D, Chawla YM, Saini K, Reddy ES, Gottimukkala K, Nayak K, Gunisetty S, Aggarwal C, Jain S, Verma C, Singla P, Soneja M, Wig N, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A. Functional and transcriptional heterogeneity within the massively expanding HLADR +CD38 + CD8 T cell population in acute febrile dengue patients. J Virol 2023; 97:e0074623. [PMID: 37855600 PMCID: PMC10688317 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00746-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE CD8 T cells play a crucial role in protecting against intracellular pathogens such as viruses by eliminating infected cells and releasing anti-viral cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNγ). Consequently, there is significant interest in comprehensively characterizing CD8 T cell responses in acute dengue febrile patients. Previous studies, including our own, have demonstrated that a discrete population of CD8 T cells with HLADR+ CD38+ phenotype undergoes massive expansion during the acute febrile phase of natural dengue virus infection. Although about a third of these massively expanding HLADR+ CD38+ CD8 T cells were also CD69high when examined ex vivo, only a small fraction of them produced IFNγ upon in vitro peptide stimulation. Therefore, to better understand such functional diversity of CD8 T cells responding to dengue virus infection, it is important to know the cytokines/chemokines expressed by these peptide-stimulated HLADR+CD38+ CD8 T cells and the transcriptional profiles that distinguish the CD69+IFNγ+, CD69+IFNγ-, and CD69-IFNγ- subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Singh
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadya M. Chawla
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Keshav Saini
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sivaram Gunisetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Jain
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chaitanya Verma
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Paras Singla
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Soneja
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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4
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Anantharaj A, Agrawal T, Shashi PK, Tripathi A, Kumar P, Khan I, Pareek M, Singh B, Pattabiraman C, Kumar S, Pandey R, Chandele A, Lodha R, Whitehead SS, Medigeshi GR. Neutralizing antibodies from prior exposure to dengue virus negatively correlate with viremia on re-infection. Commun Med (Lond) 2023; 3:148. [PMID: 37857747 PMCID: PMC10587183 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND India is hyperendemic to dengue and over 50% of adults are seropositive. There is limited information on the association between neutralizing antibody profiles from prior exposure and viral RNA levels during subsequent infection. METHODS Samples collected from patients with febrile illness was used to assess seropositivity by indirect ELISA. Dengue virus (DENV) RNA copy numbers were estimated by quantitative RT-PCR and serotype of the infecting DENV was determined by nested PCR. Focus reduction neutralizing antibody titer (FRNT) assay was established using Indian isolates to measure the levels of neutralizing antibodies and also to assess the cross-reactivity to related flaviviruses namely Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV). RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, we show that dengue seropositivity increased from 52% in the 0-15 years group to 89% in >45 years group. Antibody levels negatively correlate with dengue RNAemia on the day of sample collection and higher RNAemia is observed in primary dengue as compared to secondary dengue. The geometric mean FRNT50 titers for DENV-2 is significantly higher as compared to the other three DENV serotypes. We observe cross-reactivity with ZIKV and significantly lower or no neutralizing antibodies against JEV and WNV. The FRNT50 values for international isolates of DENV-1, DENV-3 and DENV-4 is significantly lower as compared to Indian isolates. CONCLUSIONS Majority of the adult population in India have neutralizing antibodies to all the four DENV serotypes which correlates with reduced RNAemia during subsequent infection suggesting that antibodies can be considered as a good correlate of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbalagan Anantharaj
- Bioassay laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Tanvi Agrawal
- Bioassay laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja Kumari Shashi
- Bioassay laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Alok Tripathi
- Bioassay laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Bioassay laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Imran Khan
- Bioassay laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Madhu Pareek
- Bioassay laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Balwant Singh
- Bioassay laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | - Saurabh Kumar
- Bioassay laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guruprasad R Medigeshi
- Bioassay laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
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5
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Patel A, Kumar S, Lai L, Keen M, Valanparambil R, Chakravarthy C, Laughlin Z, Frank F, Cheedarla N, Verkerke HP, Neish AS, Roback JD, Davis CW, Wrammert J, Sharma A, Ahmed R, Suthar MS, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A, Ortlund E. Light chain of a public SARS-CoV-2 class-3 antibody modulates neutralization against Omicron. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113150. [PMID: 37708028 PMCID: PMC10862350 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The pairing of antibody genes IGHV2-5/IGLV2-14 is established as a public immune response that potently cross-neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron, by targeting class-3/RBD-5 epitopes in the receptor binding domain (RBD). LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab) exemplifies this, displaying exceptional potency against Omicron sub-variants up to BA.5. Here, we report a human antibody, 002-S21B10, encoded by the public clonotype IGHV2-5/IGLV2-14. While 002-S21B10 neutralized key SARS-CoV-2 variants, it did not neutralize Omicron, despite sharing >92% sequence similarity with LY-CoV1404. The structure of 002-S21B10 in complex with spike trimer plus structural and sequence comparisons with LY-CoV1404 and other IGHV2-5/IGLV2-14 antibodies revealed significant variations in light-chain orientation, paratope residues, and epitope-paratope interactions that enable some antibodies to neutralize Omicron but not others. Confirming this, replacing the light chain of 002-S21B10 with the light chain of LY-CoV1404 restored 002-S21B10's binding to Omicron. Understanding such Omicron evasion from public response is vital for guiding therapeutics and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Meredith Keen
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rajesh Valanparambil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chennareddy Chakravarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zane Laughlin
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Filipp Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hans P Verkerke
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carl W Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Eric Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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6
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Patel A, Kumar S, Lai L, Chakravarthy C, Valanparambil R, Reddy ES, Gottimukkala K, Bajpai P, Raju DR, Edara VV, Davis-Gardner ME, Linderman S, Dixit K, Sharma P, Mantus G, Cheedarla N, Verkerke HP, Frank F, Neish AS, Roback JD, Davis CW, Wrammert J, Ahmed R, Suthar MS, Sharma A, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A, Ortlund EA. Molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant evasion from shared neutralizing antibody response. Structure 2023; 31:801-811.e5. [PMID: 37167972 PMCID: PMC10171968 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular features of neutralizing epitopes is important for developing vaccines/therapeutics against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. We describe three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated from COVID-19 recovered individuals during the first wave of the pandemic in India. These mAbs had publicly shared near germline gene usage and potently neutralized Alpha and Delta, poorly neutralized Beta, and failed to neutralize Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants. Structural analysis of these mAbs in complex with trimeric spike protein showed that all three mAbs bivalently bind spike with two mAbs targeting class 1 and one targeting a class 4 receptor binding domain epitope. The immunogenetic makeup, structure, and function of these mAbs revealed specific molecular interactions associated with the potent multi-variant binding/neutralization efficacy. This knowledge shows how mutational combinations can affect the binding or neutralization of an antibody, which in turn relates to the efficacy of immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 escape variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chennareddy Chakravarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rajesh Valanparambil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Ravindra Raju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Meredith E Davis-Gardner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Susanne Linderman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Grace Mantus
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hans P Verkerke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Filipp Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carl W Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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7
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Bhatnagar P, Bajpai P, Shrinet J, Kaja MK, Chandele A, Sitaraman R. Prediction of human protein interactome of dengue virus non-structural protein 5 (NS5) and its downstream immunological implications. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:180. [PMID: 37193327 PMCID: PMC10182223 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-structural protein 5 (NS5) is the most conserved protein among flaviviruses, a family that includes the dengue virus. It functions both as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and an RNA-methyltransferase and is therefore essential for the replication of viral RNA. The discovery that dengue virus NS5 protein (DENV-NS5) can also localize to the nucleus has resulted in renewed interest in its potential roles at the host-virus interface. In this study, we have used two complementary computational approaches in parallel - one based on linear motifs (ELM) and another based on tertiary structure of the protein (DALI) - to predict the host proteins that DENV-NS5 might interact with. Of the 42 human proteins predicted by both these methods, 34 are novel. Pathway analysis of these 42 human proteins shows that they are involved in key host cellular processes related to cell cycle regulation, proliferation, protein degradation, apoptosis, and immune responses. A focused analysis of transcription factors that directly interact with the predicted DENV-NS5 interacting proteins was performed, followed by the identification of downstream genes that are differentially expressed after dengue infection using previously published RNA-seq data. Our study provides unique insights into the DENV-NS5 interaction network and delineates mechanisms whereby DENV-NS5 could impact the host-virus interface. The novel interactors identified in this study could be potentially targeted by NS5 to modulate the host cellular environment in general, and the immune response in particular, thereby extending the role of DENV-NS5 beyond its known enzymatic functions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03569-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhatnagar
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Jatin Shrinet
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
| | - Murali Krishna Kaja
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics and Emory Vaccine Centre, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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8
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Khan MA, Mohammad I, Banerjee S, Tomar A, Varughese KI, Mehta JL, Chandele A, Arockiasamy A. Oxidized LDL receptors: a recent update. Curr Opin Lipidol 2023:00041433-990000000-00037. [PMID: 37171285 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW LDL in its oxidized form, or 'oxLDL', is now generally acknowledged to be highly proatherogenic and to play a significant role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Therefore, there has been increasing interest in understanding the significance of oxLDL and its receptors in different phases of atherosclerosis, leading to the accumulation of additional data at the cellular, structural, and physiological levels. This review focuses on the most recent discoveries about these receptors and how they influence lipid absorption, metabolism, and inflammation in various cell types. RECENT FINDINGS Two crystal structures of lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), one with a small molecule inhibitor and the other with a monoclonal antibody have been published. We recently demonstrated that the 'surface site' of LOX1, adjacent to the positively charged 'basic spine region' that facilitates oxLDL binding, is a targetable site for drug development. Further, recent human studies showed that soluble LOX-1 holds potential as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease diagnosis, prognosis, and assessing the efficacy of therapy. SUMMARY Receptor-mediated oxLDL uptake results in cellular dysfunction of various cell types involved in atherogenesis and plaque development. The current advancements clearly demonstrate that targeting oxLDL-LOX-1 axis may lead to development of future therapeutics for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Azeem Khan
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Irshad Mohammad
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sohom Banerjee
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Tomar
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kottayil I Varughese
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the VA Medical Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Arulandu Arockiasamy
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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9
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Das BK, Khan WA, Sreekumar SN, Ponraj K, Achary VMM, Reddy ES, Balasubramaniam D, Chandele A, Reddy MK, Arockiasamy A. Plant dehydroascorbate reductase moonlights as membrane integrated ion channel. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 741:109603. [PMID: 37084805 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs) are only known as soluble antioxidant enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway. They recycle ascorbate from dehydroascorbate, thereby protecting plants from oxidative stress and the resulting cellular damage. DHARs share structural GST fold with human chloride intracellular channels (HsCLICs) which are dimorphic proteins that exists in soluble enzymatic and membrane integrated ion channel forms. While the soluble form of DHAR has been extensively studied, the existence of a membrane integrated form remains unknown. We demonstrate for the first time using biochemistry, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and bilayer electrophysiology that Pennisetum glaucum DHAR (PgDHAR) is dimorphic and is localized to the plant plasma membrane. In addition, membrane translocation increases under induced oxidative stress. Similarly, HsCLIC1 translocates more into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) plasma membrane under induced oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, purified soluble PgDHAR spontaneously inserts and conducts ions in reconstituted lipid bilayers, and the addition of detergent facilitates insertion. In addition to the well-known soluble enzymatic form, our data provides conclusive evidence that plant DHAR also exists in a novel membrane-integrated form. Thus, the structure of DHAR ion channel form will help gain deeper insights into its function across various life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaba Krishna Das
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Wajahat Ali Khan
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sreeshma Nellootil Sreekumar
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kannapiran Ponraj
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - V Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - D Balasubramaniam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Arulandu Arockiasamy
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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10
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Chakraborti S, Gill J, Goswami R, Kumar S, Chandele A, Sharma A. Structural Profiles of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in India. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:1. [PMID: 36414797 PMCID: PMC9684916 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
India was severely affected by several waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred during April-June 2021 (second wave) and December 2021-January 2022 (third wave) and thereafter, resulting in >10 million new infections and a significant number of deaths. Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data database was used to collect the sequence information of ~10,000 SARS-CoV-2 patients from India and our sequence analysis identified three variants B.1.1.7 (alpha, α), B1.617.2 (delta, Δ), B.1.1.529 (Omicron, Oo) and one Omicron sub-variant BA.2.75 as the primary drivers for SARS-CoV-2 waves in India. Structural visualization and analysis of important mutations of alpha, delta, Omicron and its sub-variants of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) was performed and our analysis clearly shows that mutations occur throughout the RBD, including the RBD surface responsible for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2) receptor-binding. A comparison between alpha, delta and omicron variants/sub-variants reveals many omicron mutations in the hACE-2 binding site and several other mutations within 5 Å of this binding region. Further, computational analysis highlights the importance of electrostatic interactions in stabilizing RBD-hACE-2-binding, especially in the omicron variant. Our analysis explores the likely role of key alpha, delta and omicron mutations on binding with hACE-2. Taken together, our study provides novel structural insights into the implications of RBD mutations in alpha, delta and omicron and its sub-variants that were responsible for India's SARS-CoV-2 surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyananda Chakraborti
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, 110077, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India.
| | - Jasmita Gill
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, 110077, India.
| | - Ritu Goswami
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, 110077, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, 110077, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
- Structural Parasitology, Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
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11
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Chaturvedi R, Mohan M, Kumar S, Chandele A, Sharma A. Profiles of host immune impairment in Plasmodium and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11744. [PMID: 36415655 PMCID: PMC9671871 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, many countries have reported a steady decline in reported cases of malaria, and a few countries, like China, have been declared malaria-free by the World Health Organization. In 2020 the number of deaths from malaria has declined since 2000. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected overall public health efforts and thus it is feasible that there might be a resurgence of malaria. COVID-19 and malaria share some similarities in the immune responses of the patient and these two diseases also share overlapping early symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, and muscle pain/fatigue. In the absence of early diagnostics, there can be a misdiagnosis of the infection(s) that can pose additional challenges due to delayed treatment. In both SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium infections, there is a rapid release of cytokines/chemokines that play a key role in disease pathophysiology. In this review, we have discussed the cytokine/chemokine storm observed during COVID-19 and malaria. We observed that: (1) the severity in malaria and COVID-19 is likely a consequence primarily of an uncontrolled 'cytokine storm'; (2) five pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, type I IFN, and IFN-γ) are significantly increased in severe/critically ill patients in both diseases; (3) Plasmodium and SARS-CoV-2 share some similar clinical manifestations and thus may result in fatal consequences if misdiagnosed during onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Chaturvedi
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mradul Mohan
- Parasite-Host Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Program, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Program, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, Delhi, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India,Corresponding author
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12
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Kumar S, Chandele A, Sharma A. Correction: Current status of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010983. [PMID: 36409672 PMCID: PMC9678312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009885.].
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13
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Patel A, Kumar S, Lai L, Chakravarthy C, Valanparambil R, Reddy ES, Gottimukkala K, Bajpai P, Raju DR, Edara VV, Davis-Gardner ME, Linderman S, Dixit K, Sharma P, Mantus G, Cheedarla N, Verkerke HP, Frank F, Neish AS, Roback JD, Davis CW, Wrammert J, Ahmed R, Suthar MS, Sharma A, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A, Ortlund EA. Molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant evasion from shared neutralizing antibody response. bioRxiv 2022:2022.10.24.513517. [PMID: 36324804 DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.13.512091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the molecular features of the neutralizing epitopes developed by viral escape mutants is important for predicting and developing vaccines or therapeutic antibodies against continuously emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report three human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated from COVID-19 recovered individuals during first wave of pandemic in India. These mAbs had publicly shared near germline gene usage and potently neutralized Alpha and Delta, but poorly neutralized Beta and completely failed to neutralize Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants. Structural analysis of these three mAbs in complex with trimeric spike protein showed that all three mAbs are involved in bivalent spike binding with two mAbs targeting class-1 and one targeting class-4 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) epitope. Comparison of immunogenetic makeup, structure, and function of these three mAbs with our recently reported class-3 RBD binding mAb that potently neutralized all SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed precise antibody footprint, specific molecular interactions associated with the most potent multi-variant binding / neutralization efficacy. This knowledge has timely significance for understanding how a combination of certain mutations affect the binding or neutralization of an antibody and thus have implications for predicting structural features of emerging SARS-CoV-2 escape variants and to develop vaccines or therapeutic antibodies against these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chennareddy Chakravarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rajesh Valanparambil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Ravindra Raju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Meredith E Davis-Gardner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Susanne Linderman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Grace Mantus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hans P Verkerke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Filipp Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carl W Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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14
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Patel A, Kumar S, Lai L, Chakravarthy C, Valanparambil R, Reddy ES, Gottimukkala K, Bajpai P, Raju DR, Edara VV, Davis-Gardner ME, Linderman S, Dixit K, Sharma P, Mantus G, Cheedarla N, Verkerke HP, Frank F, Neish AS, Roback JD, Davis CW, Wrammert J, Ahmed R, Suthar MS, Sharma A, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A, Ortlund EA. Molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant evasion from shared neutralizing antibody response. bioRxiv 2022:2022.10.24.513517. [PMID: 36324804 PMCID: PMC9628201 DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.24.513517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the molecular features of the neutralizing epitopes developed by viral escape mutants is important for predicting and developing vaccines or therapeutic antibodies against continuously emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report three human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated from COVID-19 recovered individuals during first wave of pandemic in India. These mAbs had publicly shared near germline gene usage and potently neutralized Alpha and Delta, but poorly neutralized Beta and completely failed to neutralize Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants. Structural analysis of these three mAbs in complex with trimeric spike protein showed that all three mAbs are involved in bivalent spike binding with two mAbs targeting class-1 and one targeting class-4 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) epitope. Comparison of immunogenetic makeup, structure, and function of these three mAbs with our recently reported class-3 RBD binding mAb that potently neutralized all SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed precise antibody footprint, specific molecular interactions associated with the most potent multi-variant binding / neutralization efficacy. This knowledge has timely significance for understanding how a combination of certain mutations affect the binding or neutralization of an antibody and thus have implications for predicting structural features of emerging SARS-CoV-2 escape variants and to develop vaccines or therapeutic antibodies against these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chennareddy Chakravarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rajesh Valanparambil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India,Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Ravindra Raju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Meredith E. Davis-Gardner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Susanne Linderman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Grace Mantus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hans P. Verkerke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Filipp Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew S. Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D. Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carl W. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India,Correspondence: (E.A.O.), (A.C.), (K.M.K.), (A.S.)
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India,Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Correspondence: (E.A.O.), (A.C.), (K.M.K.), (A.S.)
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India,Correspondence: (E.A.O.), (A.C.), (K.M.K.), (A.S.)
| | - Eric A. Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Correspondence: (E.A.O.), (A.C.), (K.M.K.), (A.S.)
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15
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Kumar S, Patel A, Lai L, Chakravarthy C, Valanparambil R, Reddy ES, Gottimukkala K, Davis-Gardner ME, Edara VV, Linderman S, Nayak K, Dixit K, Sharma P, Bajpai P, Singh V, Frank F, Cheedarla N, Verkerke HP, Neish AS, Roback JD, Mantus G, Goel PK, Rahi M, Davis CW, Wrammert J, Godbole S, Henry AR, Douek DC, Suthar MS, Ahmed R, Ortlund E, Sharma A, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A. Structural insights for neutralization of Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 by a broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadd2032. [PMID: 36197988 PMCID: PMC9534492 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, by characterizing several human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from single B cells of the COVID-19–recovered individuals in India who experienced ancestral Wuhan strain (WA.1) of SARS-CoV-2 during early stages of the pandemic, we found a receptor binding domain (RBD)–specific mAb 002-S21F2 that has rare gene usage and potently neutralized live viral isolates of SARS-CoV-2 variants including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron sublineages (BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5) with IC
50
ranging from 0.02 to 0.13 μg/ml. Structural studies of 002-S21F2 in complex with spike trimers of Omicron and WA.1 showed that it targets a conformationally conserved epitope on the outer face of RBD (class 3 surface) outside the ACE2-binding motif, thereby providing a mechanistic insights for its broad neutralization activity. The discovery of 002-S21F2 and the broadly neutralizing epitope it targets have timely implications for developing a broad range of therapeutic and vaccine interventions against SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron sublineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Anamika Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chennareddy Chakravarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rajesh Valanparambil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Meredith E. Davis-Gardner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Susanne Linderman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Vanshika Singh
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Filipp Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hans P. Verkerke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew S. Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D. Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Grace Mantus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar Goel
- Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewat Government Medical College, Haryana, India
| | - Manju Rahi
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi-110 029, India
| | - Carl W. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sucheta Godbole
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R. Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eric Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi-110 077, India
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi-110 067, India
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16
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Bajpai P, Singh V, Chandele A, Kumar S. Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Provide Novel Insights Into the Neutralization of Variants and Other Human Coronaviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:928279. [PMID: 35782120 PMCID: PMC9245455 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.928279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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17
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Maheshwari D, Saini K, Singh P, Singla M, Nayak K, Aggarwal C, Chawla YM, Bajpai P, Kaur M, Gunisetty S, Eberhardt CS, Nyodu R, Moore K, Suthar MS, Medigeshi GR, Anderson E, Lodha R, Kabra SK, Ahmed R, Chandele A, Murali-Krishna K. Contrasting behavior between the three human monocyte subsets in dengue pathophysiology. iScience 2022; 25:104384. [PMID: 35620424 PMCID: PMC9127603 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center Program, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center Program, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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19
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Arulandu A, Tomar A, Khan A, Sahoo S, Aathi MS, Kuila S, Chandele A, Mehta JL, Varughese KI. Structure-guided inhibitor discovery targeting a membrane receptor involved in atherosclerosis. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321096380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Khan N, Bhat R, Jain V, Raghavendhar B S, Patel AK, Nayak K, Chandele A, Murali-Krishna K, Ray P. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of chikungunya virus from human cases in North India, 2016. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:290-301. [PMID: 33347650 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arthropod-borne Alphavirus is responsible for chikungunya disease. Arthralgia and arthritis are the major symptom. Some patients recover early while others for a very long time. This study provides, epidemiology and molecular characterization of three whole-genome sequences of CHIKV and assessed phylogenetic analysis, physiological properties, antigenicity, and B-cell epitope prediction by in silico. We report the clinical epidemiology of 325 suspected patients. Of these, 118 (36.30%) were confirmed CHIKV positive by either PCR or ELISA. Clinical analysis showed joint pain, joint swelling and headache were frequent and significant features. Phylogenie analysis showed the currently circulating strain is in close clustring to Africa, Uganda, and Singapore CHIKV strains. Molecular characterization by WGS was done. Thirty eight amino acid changes in the nonstructural proteins were found with respect to the S27 (ECSA) strain. Of these five located in nsP2. Similarly, 34 amino acid changes in structural proteins were observed. The major change was notice; in E3 protein hydropathicity -0.281 to -0.362, in E2 isoelectric point (pI) 8.24 to 8.37, instability index 66.08 to 71.062, aliphatic index varied from 74.69 to 68.59 and E3 75.79 to 70.05. In nsP1 protein pI varies from 6.62 to 8.04, while no other change was observed in structural and nonstructural protein. The linear B-cell epitopes, position, and number varied with the mutation. The molecular characterizations of WGS demonstrate the observation of protein, antigenicity with respect to the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchika Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Jain
- Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), New Delhi, India
| | - Siva Raghavendhar B
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok K Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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21
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Nayak K, Gottimukkala K, Kumar S, Reddy ES, Edara VV, Kauffman R, Floyd K, Mantus G, Savargaonkar D, Goel PK, Arora S, Rahi M, Davis CW, Linderman S, Wrammert J, Suthar MS, Ahmed R, Sharma A, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A. Characterization of neutralizing versus binding antibodies and memory B cells in COVID-19 recovered individuals from India. Virology 2021; 558:13-21. [PMID: 33706207 PMCID: PMC7934698 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
India is one of the most affected countries by COVID-19 pandemic; but little is understood regarding immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in this region. Herein we examined SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, IgG, IgM, IgA and memory B cells in COVID-19 recovered individual from India. While a vast majority of COVID-19 recovered individuals showed SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies (38/42, 90.47%; 21/42, 50%; 33/42, 78.57% respectively), only half of them had appreciable neutralizing antibody titers. RBD-specific IgG, but not IgA or IgM titers, correlated with neutralizing antibody titers and RBD-specific memory B cell frequencies. These findings have timely significance for identifying potential donors for plasma therapy using RBD-specific IgG assays as surrogate measurement for neutralizing antibodies in India. Further, this study provides useful information needed for designing large-scale studies towards understanding of inter-individual variation in immune memory to SARS CoV-2 natural infection for future vaccine evaluation and implementation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India; Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Robert Kauffman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Katharine Floyd
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Grace Mantus
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Pawan Kumar Goel
- Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewat Government Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
| | - Satyam Arora
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Super Speciality Pediatric Hospital and Post Graduate Teaching Institute, Noida, UP, India
| | - Manju Rahi
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Carl W Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Deptartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Susanne Linderman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Deptartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India; Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
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22
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Bhatnagar P, Sreekanth GP, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A, Sitaraman R. Dengue Virus Non-Structural Protein 5 as a Versatile, Multi-Functional Effector in Host-Pathogen Interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:574067. [PMID: 33816326 PMCID: PMC8015806 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.574067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is emerging as one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans. The 11kb RNA genome of the dengue virus encodes three structural proteins (envelope, pre-membrane, capsid) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5), all of which are translated as a single polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved by viral and host cellular proteases at specific sites. Non-structural protein 5 (NS5) is the largest of the non-structural proteins, functioning as both an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that replicates the viral RNA and an RNA methyltransferase enzyme (MTase) that protects the viral genome by RNA capping, facilitating polyprotein translation. Within the human host, NS5 interacts with several proteins such as those in the JAK-STAT pathway, thereby interfering with anti-viral interferon signalling. This mini-review presents annotated, consolidated lists of known and potential NS5 interactors in the human host as determined by experimental and computational approaches respectively. The most significant protein interactors and the biological pathways they participate in are also highlighted and their implications discussed, along with the specific serotype of dengue virus as appropriate. This information can potentially stimulate and inform further research efforts towards providing an integrative understanding of the mechanisms by which NS5 manipulates the human-virus interface in general and the innate and adaptive immune responses in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhatnagar
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India.,ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Gopinathan Pillai Sreekanth
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India.,Department of Paediatrics and Emory Vaccine Centre, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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23
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Lamsal M, Chandele A, Kaja M, Manandhar K. Epidemiology and immuno-molecular status of Nepal dengue outbreak. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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24
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NAYAK KAUSTUV, Jain V, Kaur M, Khan N, Rai RC, Dixit K, Sagar R, Gupta S, Islamuddin M, Verma A, Maheshwari D, Aggarwal C, Chawla Y, Reddy ES, Panda H, Sharma P, Bhatnagar P, Singh P, Ratageri VH, Chandele A, Ray P, Muralikrishna K. Human immunity to chikungunya infection. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.249.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chikungunyna virus is expanding globally and continue to cause major public health threat to Indian populations. Vaccine efforts are underway, and it is hoped that these will eventually progress to human evaluation. However, currently we have little understanding of the phenotypes and functions of the human T cells in chikungunya patients, a knowledge that is essential for improving vaccine design/testing and evaluation efforts. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the CD8 T cell responses in chikungunya patients from India. We found that CD38+ HLADR+ CD8 T cell subset expanded dramatically in chikungunya febrile patients with frequencies averaging about 20% of the total CD8 T cells, and reaching as high as 50% of the CD8 T cells in some patients. The frequencies of these activated CD8 T cells were substantially low and barely above background levels in afebrile patients reporting to the clinic with persistent arthralgia/arthritis that was lasting for more than 30 days. These massively expanding CD8 T cells observed in the acute febrile patients were highly proliferating (KI67 ), robustly expressing markers indicative strong Th1 differentiation (T-bet), cytotoxic functions (Perforin) and inflammatory/synovial tissue homing characteristics (CX3CR1 and CXCR4). Interestingly, antigen-stimulation mediated IFN-g producing functions of these cells was highly compromized, reminiscent of the “cytokine stunned” phenotype. Taken together, these results suggest that these highly differentiated effector CD8 T cell that were massively expanding during acute chikungunya febrile infection might be involved in protection by homing to infected tissues and eliminating infected targets rather than causing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- KAUSTUV NAYAK
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | - Vineet Jain
- 2Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | | | | | - Kritika Dixit
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | | | | | | | - Anil Verma
- 4All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | - Yadya Chawla
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | | | - Harekrushna Panda
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | - Priya Bhatnagar
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | - Prabhat Singh
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | | | - Anmol Chandele
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
| | | | - Kaja Muralikrishna
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
- 6Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine
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Nayak K, Jain V, Kaur M, Khan N, Gottimukkala K, Aggarwal C, Sagar R, Gupta S, Rai RC, Dixit K, Islamuddin M, Khan WH, Verma A, Maheshwari D, Chawla YM, Reddy ES, Panda H, Sharma P, Bhatnagar P, Singh P, Raghavendhar B S, Patel AK, Ratageri VH, Chandele A, Ray P, Murali-Krishna K. Antibody response patterns in chikungunya febrile phase predict protection versus progression to chronic arthritis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130509. [PMID: 32155134 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes acute febrile illness in humans, and some of these individuals develop a debilitating chronic arthritis that can persist for months to years for reasons that remain poorly understood. In this study from India, we characterized antibody response patterns in febrile chikungunya patients and further assessed the association of these initial febrile-phase antibody response patterns with protection versus progression to developing chronic arthritis. We found 5 distinct patterns of the antibody responses in the febrile phase: no CHIKV binding or neutralizing (NT) antibodies but PCR positive, IgM alone with no NT activity, IgM alone with NT activity, IgM and IgG without NT activity, and IgM and IgG with NT activity. A 20-month follow-up showed that appearance of NT activity regardless of antibody isotype or appearance of IgG regardless of NT activity during the initial febrile phase was associated with a robust protection against developing chronic arthritis in the future. These findings, while providing potentially novel insights on correlates of protective immunity against chikungunya-induced chronic arthritis, suggest that qualitative differences in the antibody response patterns that have evolved during the febrile phase can serve as biomarkers that allow prediction of protection or progression to chronic arthritis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Jain
- Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSAR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Naushad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Sagar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Wajihul Hasan Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadya M Chawla
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Harekrushna Panda
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Bhatnagar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Siva Raghavendhar B
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod H Ratageri
- Department of Pediatrics, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubli, Karnataka, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,Emory Vaccine Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Bhaumik SK, Kulkarni RR, Weldon WC, Silveira ELV, Ahmed H, Gunisetty S, Chandele A, Antia R, Verma H, Sutter R, Pallansch MA, Oberste MS, Villinger F, Orenstein W, Murali-Krishna K. Immune Priming and Long-term Persistence of Memory B Cells After Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in Macaque Models: Support for at least 2 Doses. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:S66-S77. [PMID: 30376091 PMCID: PMC6206122 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a risk-mitigation strategy to minimize paralytic polio following withdrawal of Sabin type 2 from the oral poliovirus vaccine in April 2016, a single full dose or 2 fractional doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) are recommended. However, limited knowledge exists on long-term persistence of immune memory following 1- or 2-dose IPV schedules. Methods We examined induction and maintenance of immune memory following single- vs 2-dose IPV schedules, either full-dose intramuscular or fractional-dose intradermal, in rhesus macaques. Humoral responses, bone marrow–homing antibody-secreting plasma cells, and blood-circulating/lymph node–homing memory B cells were examined longitudinally. Results A single dose of IPV, either full or fractional, induced binding antibodies and memory B cells in all vaccinated macaques, despite failing to induce neutralizing antibodies (NT Abs) in many of them. However, these memory B cells declined rapidly, reaching below detection in the systemic circulation by 5 months; although a low frequency of memory B cells was detectable in draining lymph nodes of some, but not all, animals. By contrast, a 2-dose vaccination schedule, either full or fractional, efficiently induced NT Abs in all animals along with bone marrow–homing plasma cells and memory B cells. These memory B cells persisted in the systemic circulation for up to 16 months, the maximum duration tested after the second dose of vaccination. Conclusions Two doses of IPV, regardless of whether fractional or full, are more effective than a single dose for inducing long-lasting memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Kumar Bhaumik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William C Weldon
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Hasan Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sivaram Gunisetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rustom Antia
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Harish Verma
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roland Sutter
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Pallansch
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Francois Villinger
- Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Walter Orenstein
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ahamed SF, Rosario V, Britto C, Dias M, Nayak K, Chandele A, Kaja MK, Shet A. Emergence of new genotypes and lineages of dengue viruses during the 2012-15 epidemics in southern India. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 84S:S34-S43. [PMID: 30639622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To genotypically characterize dengue virus (DENV) isolates among dengue-infected children from 2012-13/2014-15 outbreaks in southern India. METHODS Children hospitalized with suspected dengue were tested for dengue RT-PCR targeting Capsid-preMembrane (C-prM) and Envelope (Env) regions. Following virologic confirmation (n=612), a representative selection of DENV isolates (n=99) were sequenced for C-prM, aligned using ClustalW and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by maximum-likelihood method in MEGA6. RESULTS In 2012-13 (n=113), DENV-3 (44, 38.9%) and DENV-2 (43, 38.1%) predominated; DENV-1 (22, 19.5%) and DENV-4 (1, 0.9%) were less common. The pattern changed in 2014-15 (n=499), when DENV-1 (329, 65.7%) predominated, followed by DENV-2 (97, 21.2%), DENV-3 (36, 6.7%) and DENV-4 (10, 2.0%). Multiple-serotype co-infections occurred in 2.7% and 5.4% in 2012-13 and 2014-15, respectively. Genotype III (GIII) of DENV-1 predominated (85.7%) in 2012-13, ceding to GI predominance (80.8%) in 2014-15. Among DENV-2, 71.9% (23/32) showed distinct clustering suggesting a new lineage, 'GIVc'. All tested DENV-4 were GIC, whose clustering pattern showed the emergence of two distinct clades. CONCLUSIONS New genotypic/lineage variations in DENV-1 and DENV-2 may have influenced the magnitude and severity of dengue epidemics in southern India during this period. These findings emphasize the role of active surveillance of DENV serotypes/genotypes in aiding outbreak control and vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Fazil Ahamed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, Karnataka, India; The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences & Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Vivek Rosario
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, Karnataka, India.
| | - Carl Britto
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Mary Dias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, Karnataka, India; Department of Microbiology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, Karnataka, India.
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Murali-Krishna Kaja
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Anita Shet
- International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N Washington St, Baltimore 21231, USA.
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Kar M, Nisheetha A, Kumar A, Jagtap S, Shinde J, Singla M, M S, Pandit A, Chandele A, Kabra SK, Krishna S, Roy R, Lodha R, Pattabiraman C, Medigeshi GR. Isolation and molecular characterization of dengue virus clinical isolates from pediatric patients in New Delhi. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 84S:S25-S33. [PMID: 30528666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the in vitro replication fitness, viral diversity, and phylogeny of dengue viruses (DENV) isolated from Indian patients. METHODS DENV was isolated from whole blood collected from patients by passaging in cell culture. Passage 3 viruses were used for growth kinetics in C6/36 mosquito cells. Parallel efforts also focused on the isolation of DENV RNA from plasma samples of the same patients, which were processed for next-generation sequencing. RESULTS It was possible to isolate 64 clinical isolates of DENV, mostly DENV-2. Twenty-five of these were further used for growth curve analysis in vitro, which showed a wide range of replication kinetics. The highest viral titers were associated with isolates from patients with dengue with warning signs and severe dengue cases. Full genome sequences of 21 DENV isolates were obtained. Genome analysis mapped the circulating DENV-2 strains to the Cosmopolitan genotype. CONCLUSIONS The replication kinetics of isolates from patients with mild or severe infection did not differ significantly, but the viral titers varied by two orders of magnitude between the isolates, suggesting differences in replication fitness among the circulating DENV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amul Nisheetha
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suraj Jagtap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jitendra Shinde
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Mohit Singla
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saranya M
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Awadhesh Pandit
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, ICGEB Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil K Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kim MY, Copland A, Nayak K, Chandele A, Ahmed MS, Zhang Q, Diogo GR, Paul MJ, Hofmann S, Yang M, Jang Y, Ma JK, Reljic R. Plant-expressed Fc-fusion protein tetravalent dengue vaccine with inherent adjuvant properties. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:1283-1294. [PMID: 29223138 PMCID: PMC5999314 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a major global disease requiring improved treatment and prevention strategies. The recently licensed Sanofi Pasteur Dengvaxia vaccine does not protect children under the age of nine, and additional vaccine strategies are thus needed to halt this expanding global epidemic. Here, we employed a molecular engineering approach and plant expression to produce a humanized and highly immunogenic poly-immunoglobulin G scaffold (PIGS) fused to the consensus dengue envelope protein III domain (cEDIII). The immunogenicity of this IgG Fc receptor-targeted vaccine candidate was demonstrated in transgenic mice expressing human FcγRI/CD64, by induction of neutralizing antibodies and evidence of cell-mediated immunity. Furthermore, these molecules were able to prime immune cells from human adenoid/tonsillar tissue ex vivo as evidenced by antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation, IFN-γ and antibody production. The purified polymeric fraction of dengue PIGS (D-PIGS) induced stronger immune activation than the monomeric form, suggesting a more efficient interaction with the low-affinity Fcγ receptors on antigen-presenting cells. These results show that the plant-expressed D-PIGS have the potential for translation towards a safe and easily scalable single antigen-based tetravalent dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Kim
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsChonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Alastair Copland
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB‐Emory Vaccine CenterInternational Center for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB‐Emory Vaccine CenterInternational Center for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Muhammad S. Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Qibo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Gil R. Diogo
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sven Hofmann
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Moon‐Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsChonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Yong‐Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsChonbuk National UniversityJeonjuKorea
| | - Julian K‐C. Ma
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
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30
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Jain J, Nayak K, Tanwar N, Gaind R, Gupta B, Shastri JS, Bhatnagar RK, Kaja MK, Chandele A, Sunil S. Clinical, Serological, and Virological Analysis of 572 Chikungunya Patients From 2010 to 2013 in India. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:133-140. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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31
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Kar M, Singla M, Chandele A, Kabra SK, Lodha R, Medigeshi GR. Dengue Virus Entry and Replication Does Not Lead to Productive Infection in Platelets. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx051. [PMID: 28491890 PMCID: PMC5420081 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a characteristic feature during the acute phase of dengue infection and has been found to associate with vascular leakage in severe dengue. Although dengue antigens have been observed in platelets, there is no strong evidence to suggest a direct infection of platelets by dengue virus as a contributing factor for thrombocytopenia. We show that dengue virus can enter platelets but replicate viral ribonucleic acid to a minimal extent and, therefore, cannot produce infectious virus. Dengue antigen was undetectable in platelets isolated from dengue patients; however, we observed an increase in CD14+CD16+ monocyte-platelet complexes, suggesting a mechanism for platelet clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana
| | - Mohit Singla
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil K Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Guruprasad R Medigeshi
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana
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32
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Vivek R, Ahamed SF, Kotabagi S, Chandele A, Khanna I, Khanna N, Nayak K, Dias M, Kaja MK, Shet A. Evaluation of a pan-serotype point-of-care rapid diagnostic assay for accurate detection of acute dengue infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 87:229-234. [PMID: 27955870 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The catastrophic rise in dengue infections in India and globally has created a need for an accurate, validated low-cost rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for dengue. We prospectively evaluated the diagnostic performance of NS1/IgM RDT (dengue day 1) using 211 samples from a pediatric dengue cohort representing all 4 serotypes in southern India. The dengue-positive panel consisted of 179 dengue real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive samples from symptomatic children. The dengue-negative panel consisted of 32 samples from dengue-negative febrile children and asymptomatic individuals that were negative for dengue RT-PCR/NS1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/IgM/IgG. NS1/IgM RDT sensitivity was 89.4% and specificity was 93.8%. The NS1/IgM RDT showed high sensitivity throughout the acute phase of illness, in primary and secondary infections, in different severity groups, and detected all 4 dengue serotypes, including coinfections. This NS1/IgM RDT is a useful point-of-care assay for rapid and reliable diagnosis of acute dengue and an excellent surveillance tool in our battle against dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Vivek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Syed Fazil Ahamed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Shalini Kotabagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ira Khanna
- Mammalian Biology, Recombinant Gene Products Laboratory, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Navin Khanna
- Mammalian Biology, Recombinant Gene Products Laboratory, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Department of Microbiology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Murali-Krishna Kaja
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Anita Shet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, India; International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
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33
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Kar M, Singla M, Sethi T, Kabra S, Lodha R, Chandele A, Medigeshi G. Identification of viral and immunological correlates of disease severity and recovery in pediatric dengue patients. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Singla M, Kar M, Sethi T, Kabra SK, Lodha R, Chandele A, Medigeshi GR. Immune Response to Dengue Virus Infection in Pediatric Patients in New Delhi, India--Association of Viremia, Inflammatory Mediators and Monocytes with Disease Severity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004497. [PMID: 26982706 PMCID: PMC4794248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a causative agent for dengue infection, which manifests with symptoms ranging from mild fever to fatal dengue shock syndrome. The presence of four serotypes, against which immune cross-protection is short-lived and serotype cross-reactive antibodies that might enhance infection, pose a challenge to further investigate the role of virus and immune response in pathogenesis. We evaluated the viral and immunological factors that correlate with severe dengue disease in a cohort of pediatric dengue patients in New Delhi. Severe dengue disease was observed in both primary and secondary infections. Viral load had no association with disease severity but high viral load correlated with prolonged thrombocytopenia and delayed recovery. Severe dengue cases had low Th1 cytokines and a concurrent increase in the inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. A transient increase in CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes was observed early in infection. Sorting of monocytes from dengue patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed that it is the CD14+ cells, but not the CD16+ or the T or B cells, that were infected with dengue virus and were major producers of IL-10. Using the Boruta algorithm, reduced interferon-α levels and enhanced aforementioned pro-inflammatory cytokines were identified as some of the distinctive markers of severe dengue. Furthermore, the reduction in the levels of IL-8 and IL-10 were identified as the most significant markers of recovery from severe disease. Our results provide further insights into the immune response of children to primary and secondary dengue infection and help us to understand the complex interplay between the intrinsic factors in dengue pathogenesis. Dengue virus is a human pathogen that causes dengue fever, which can either resolve after mild fever or lead to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. The role of dengue virus levels in the blood and the kinetics of infection and immune response that results in severe dengue disease in humans is not well characterized. In this study, we analyzed 97 children with varying degrees of dengue disease, and we show that the dengue virus quantity in blood does not show any significant association with severe disease. However, most severe dengue patients had lower levels of interferons and Th1 cytokines and increased levels of secreted factors such as IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 that could potentially cause leakage in blood capillaries. Our results indicate that monocytes, which are infected with dengue virus in patients, could possibly play a major role in dengue pathogenesis. Furthermore, using computational analysis we identified association of some of the secreted factors with severe disease and also predicted the markers that could serve as indicators of recovery from severe dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Singla
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenakshi Kar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | - Sushil K. Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, ICGEB campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Guruprasad R. Medigeshi
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- * E-mail:
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35
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Carpenter C, Sidney J, Kolla R, Nayak K, Tomiyama H, Tomiyama C, Padilla OA, Rozot V, Ahamed SF, Ponte C, Rolla V, Antas PR, Chandele A, Kenneth J, Laxmi S, Makgotlho E, Vanini V, Ippolito G, Kazanova AS, Panteleev AV, Hanekom W, Mayanja-Kizza H, Lewinsohn D, Saito M, McElrath MJ, Boom WH, Goletti D, Gilman R, Lyadova IV, Scriba TJ, Kallas EG, Murali-Krishna K, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. A side-by-side comparison of T cell reactivity to fifty-nine Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in diverse populations from five continents. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:713-721. [PMID: 26277695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared T cell recognition of 59 prevalently recognized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens in individuals latently infected with MTB (LTBI), and uninfected individuals with previous BCG vaccination, from nine locations and populations with different HLA distribution, MTB exposure rates, and standards of TB care. This comparison revealed similar response magnitudes in diverse LTBI and BCG-vaccinated cohorts and significant correlation between responses in LTBIs from the USA and other locations. Many antigens were uniformly recognized, suggesting suitability for inclusion in vaccines targeting diverse populations. Several antigens were similarly immunodominant in LTBI and BCG cohorts, suggesting applicability for vaccines aimed at boosting BCG responses. The panel of MTB antigens will be valuable for characterizing MTB-specific CD4 T cell responses irrespective of ethnicity, infecting MTB strains and BCG vaccination status. Our results illustrate how a comparative analysis can provide insight into the relative immunogenicity of existing and novel vaccine candidates in LTBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Carpenter
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Ravi Kolla
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Helena Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar A Padilla
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Virginie Rozot
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Syed F Ahamed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Koramangala 2 Block, Bangaluru, Karnataka, 560034, India
| | - Carlos Ponte
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Rolla
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Antas
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - John Kenneth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Koramangala 2 Block, Bangaluru, Karnataka, 560034, India
| | - Seetha Laxmi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangaluru, 560034, India
| | - Edward Makgotlho
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandra S Kazanova
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Central Tuberculosis Research Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Panteleev
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Central Tuberculosis Research Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Willem Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Mayuko Saito
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, USA; Universidad Peruana Caytano Hereida, Lima, Peru; Department of Virology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98109, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, 44106, USA
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Gilman
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, USA; Universidad Peruana Caytano Hereida, Lima, Peru
| | - Irina V Lyadova
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Central Tuberculosis Research Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Emory Vaccine Center, 1501 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Cecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA.
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Nayak K, Jing L, Russell RM, Davies DH, Hermanson G, Molina DM, Liang X, Sherman DR, Kwok WW, Yang J, Kenneth J, Ahamed SF, Chandele A, Murali-Krishna K, Koelle DM. Identification of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis CD4 T-cell antigens via high throughput proteome screening. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:275-87. [PMID: 25857935 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Elicitation of CD4 IFN-gamma T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a rational vaccine strategy to prevent clinical tuberculosis. Diagnosis of MTB infection is based on T-cell immune memory to MTB antigens. The MTB proteome contains over four thousand open reading frames (ORFs). We conducted a pilot antigen identification study using 164 MTB proteins and MTB-specific T-cells expanded in vitro from 12 persons with latent MTB infection. Enrichment of MTB-reactive T-cells from PBMC used cell sorting or an alternate system compatible with limited resources. MTB proteins were used as single antigens or combinatorial matrices in proliferation and cytokine secretion readouts. Overall, our study found that 44 MTB proteins were antigenic, including 27 not previously characterized as CD4 T-cell antigens. Antigen truncation, peptide, NTM homology, and HLA class II tetramer studies confirmed malate synthase G (encoded by gene Rv1837) as a CD4 T-cell antigen. This simple, scalable system has potential utility for the identification of candidate MTB vaccine and biomarker antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Lichen Jing
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Box 358061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Ronnie M Russell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Box 358061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - D Huw Davies
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Room 376D Med-Surg II, Irvine, CA 92697-4068, USA; Antigen Discovery, Inc., 1 Technology Drive Suite E309, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
| | - Gary Hermanson
- Antigen Discovery, Inc., 1 Technology Drive Suite E309, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
| | - Douglas M Molina
- Antigen Discovery, Inc., 1 Technology Drive Suite E309, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
| | - Xiaowu Liang
- Antigen Discovery, Inc., 1 Technology Drive Suite E309, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
| | - David R Sherman
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave. North, No. 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Box 359931, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - William W Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 9th Ave., Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Junbao Yang
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 9th Ave., Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - John Kenneth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Koramangala 2 Block, Bangaluru, Karnataka 560034, India.
| | - Syed F Ahamed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Koramangala 2 Block, Bangaluru, Karnataka 560034, India.
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Emory Vaccine Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Emory Vaccine Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Box 358061, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Box 359931, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 9th Ave., Seattle, WA, 98101, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Eastlake Ave. East, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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37
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Kr Verma A, Chandele A, Kaja MK, Arulandu A, Ray P. Cloning, expression and purification of Chikungunya virus E2 recombinant protein in E.coli. BMC Infect Dis 2014. [PMCID: PMC4080392 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-s3-p65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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38
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Chandele A, Mukerjee P, Das G, Ahmed R, Chauhan VS. Phenotypic and functional profiling of malaria-induced CD8 and CD4 T cells during blood-stage infection with Plasmodium yoelii. Immunology 2010; 132:273-86. [PMID: 21039472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that antibodies and CD4 T cells play critical roles in the immune response during the blood stage of malaria, whereas the role of CD8 T cells remains controversial. Here, we show that both CD8 and CD4 T cells robustly responded to an acute self-limiting blood-stage infection with Plasmodium yoelii. Similar to antigen-specific T cells, both CD8 and CD4 T cells showed dynamic expression of the surface proteins interleukin (IL)-7R and programmed death-1 (PD-1). Additionally, activated CD8 T cells showed differences in the expression of Killer cell lectin-like receptor G1, L-selectin and B cell lymphoma-2 and produced granzyme B, indicating cytotoxic activity, and the initially high expression of T-box transcription factor TBX21 in malaria-activated CD4 T cells indicated an early T helper type 1 (Th1)-skewed immune response. Our data demonstrate that blood-stage malaria infection results in a striking T-cell response and that activated CD8 and CD4 T cells have phenotypic and functional characteristics that are consistent with conventional antigen-specific effector and memory T cells. Therefore, a better understanding of the CD8 and CD4 T-cell response induced by blood-stage infection may prove to be essential in the development of a vaccine that targets the erythrocytic stage of the malarial parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Chandele
- Joint ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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39
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Poholek AC, Hansen K, Hernandez SG, Eto D, Chandele A, Weinstein JS, Dong X, Odegard JM, Kaech SM, Dent AL, Crotty S, Craft J. In vivo regulation of Bcl6 and T follicular helper cell development. J Immunol 2010; 185:313-26. [PMID: 20519643 PMCID: PMC2891136 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Follicular helper T (T(FH)) cells, defined by expression of the surface markers CXCR5 and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and synthesis of IL-21, require upregulation of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 for their development and function in B cell maturation in germinal centers. We have explored the role of B cells and the cytokines IL-6 and IL-21 in the in vivo regulation of Bcl6 expression and T(FH) cell development. We found that T(FH) cells are characterized by a Bcl6-dependent downregulation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL1, a CCL19- and CCL21-binding protein), indicating that, like CXCR5 and PD-1 upregulation, modulation of PSGL1 expression is part of the T(FH) cell program of differentiation. B cells were neither required for initial upregulation of Bcl6 nor PSGL1 downregulation, suggesting these events preceded T-B cell interactions, although they were required for full development of the T(FH) cell phenotype, including CXCR5 and PD-1 upregulation, and IL-21 synthesis. Bcl6 upregulation and T(FH) cell differentiation were independent of IL-6 and IL-21, revealing that either cytokine is not absolutely required for development of Bcl6(+) T(FH) cells in vivo. These data increase our understanding of Bcl6 regulation in T(FH) cells and their differentiation in vivo and identifies a new surface marker that may be functionally relevant in this subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Poholek
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Kyle Hansen
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sairy G. Hernandez
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Danelle Eto
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Anmol Chandele
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jason S. Weinstein
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Xuemei Dong
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jared M. Odegard
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Alexander L. Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Shane Crotty
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Joe Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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40
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Poholek AC, Hernandez S, Chandele A, Dong X, Odegard J, Kaech SM, Dent AL, Craft J. Bcl6 is required for the development of T follicular helper cells marked by downregulation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (46.7). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.46.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (TFH), defined by expression of the surface markers CXCR5, PD-1 and ICOS, are located in germinal centers where they provide help for B cell maturation through the secretion of IL-21. The transcriptional repressor Bcl6 is upregulated in TFH cells; however, the role that it plays in their development is unknown. We describe downregulation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL1) as a new surface marker for TFH cells, and show that Bcl6 is required for the development of TFH cells that are PSGL1lo. Activated antigen-specific CD4 PSGL1lo T cells are enriched for expression of CXCR5 and PD-1, and highly upregulate IL-21 and Bcl6. Over-expression of Bcl6 leads to an increase in PSGL1lo TFH cells; however, it cannot rescue TFH cell development in the absence of ICOS. Consistent with others, we find B cells are required for full development of TFH cells, but not for downregulation of PSGL1, suggesting there are multiple steps in development of the subset. This data demonstrates that Bcl6, independent of ICOS signaling, is critical for the development of this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuemei Dong
- 3Section of Rheumatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Alexander L Dent
- 44Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Walther Oncology Center, Indiana Univeristy School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Joe Craft
- 2Immunobiology
- 3Section of Rheumatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Chandele A, Joshi NS, Zhu J, Paul WE, Leonard WJ, Kaech SM. Formation of IL-7Ralphahigh and IL-7Ralphalow CD8 T cells during infection is regulated by the opposing functions of GABPalpha and Gfi-1. J Immunol 2008; 180:5309-19. [PMID: 18390712 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IL-7 is essential for the survival of naive and memory T cells, and IL-7 receptor alpha-chain (IL-7Ralpha) expression is dynamically regulated in activated CD8 T cells during acute viral and bacterial infections. Most virus-specific CD8 T cells become IL-7Ralpha(low) and are relatively short-lived, but some escape IL-7Ralpha repression (referred to as IL-7Ralpha(high) memory precursor effector cells) and preferentially enter the memory CD8 T cell pool. How antiviral effector CD8 T cells regulate IL-7Ralpha expression in an "on and off" fashion remains to be characterized. During lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, we found that opposing actions of the transcription factors GABPalpha (GA binding protein alpha) and Gfi-1 (growth factor independence 1) control IL-7Ralpha expression in effector CD8 T cells. Specifically, GABPalpha was required for IL-7Ralpha expression in memory precursor effector cells, and this correlated with hyperacetylation of the Il7ra promoter. In contrast, Gfi-1 was required for stable IL-7Ralpha repression in effector CD8 T cells and acted by antagonizing GABPalpha binding and recruiting histone deacetylase 1, which deacetylated the Il7ra promoter. Thus, Il7ra promoter acetylation and activity was dependent on the reciprocal binding of GABPalpha and Gfi-1, and these data provide a biochemical mechanism for the generation of stable IL-7Ralpha(high) and IL-7Ralpha(low) states in virus-specific effector CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Chandele
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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42
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Joshi NS, Cui W, Chandele A, Lee HK, Urso DR, Hagman J, Gapin L, Kaech SM. Inflammation directs memory precursor and short-lived effector CD8(+) T cell fates via the graded expression of T-bet transcription factor. Immunity 2007; 27:281-95. [PMID: 17723218 PMCID: PMC2034442 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1373] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As acute infections resolve, effector CD8(+) T cells differentiate into interleukin-7 receptor(lo) (IL-7R(lo)) short-lived effector cells (SLECs) and IL-7R(hi) memory precursor effector cells (MPECs) capable of generating long-lived memory CD8(+) T cells. By using another SLEC marker, KLRG1, we found that KLRG1(hi) effector cells began appearing early during infection and were committed to downregulating IL-7R. Unlike IL-7R(hi) MPECs, KLRG1(hi) IL-7R(lo) SLECs relied on IL-15, but IL-15 could not sustain their long-term maintenance or homeostatic turnover. The decision between SLEC and MPEC fates was regulated by the amount of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-12) present during T cell priming. According to the amount of inflammation, a gradient of T-bet was created in which high T-bet expression induced SLECs and low expression promoted MPECs. These results elucidate a mechanism by which the innate immune system sets the relative amounts of a lineage-determining transcription factor in activated CD8(+) T cells and, correspondingly, regulates their memory cell potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S. Joshi
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David R. Urso
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - James Hagman
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado Health Science Center, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado Health Science Center, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Tesar BM, Walker WE, Unternaehrer J, Joshi NS, Chandele A, Haynes L, Kaech S, Goldstein DR. Murine [corrected] myeloid dendritic cell-dependent toll-like receptor immunity is preserved with aging. Aging Cell 2006; 5:473-86. [PMID: 17129212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response is the result of the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, yet the impact of aging on this interaction is unclear. Addressing this fundamental question will be critical for the development of effective vaccines for the rapidly rising older subpopulation that manifests increased prevalence of malignancies and infections. Therefore, we undertook the current study to investigate whether aging impairs toll-like receptor (TLR) function in myeloid dendritic cells and whether this leads to reduced T-cell priming. Our results demonstrate that innate TLR immune priming function of myeloid bone marrow derived and splenic dendritic cells (DC) is preserved with aging using both allogeneic and infectious murine experimental systems. In contrast, aging impairs in vitro and in vivo intrinsic T-cell function. Therefore, our results demonstrate that myeloid DCs manifest preserved TLR-mediated immune responses with aging. However, aging critically impairs intrinsic adaptive T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Tesar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8018, USA
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Prasad V, Chandele A, Jagtap JC, Sudheer Kumar P, Shastry P. ROS-triggered caspase 2 activation and feedback amplification loop in beta-carotene-induced apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 41:431-42. [PMID: 16843824 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspases 8, 9, and 3 are reported to be crucial players in apoptosis induced by various stimuli. Recently, caspase 2 has been implicated in stress-induced apoptosis but the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we report that ROS generation led to activation of caspase 2 during beta-carotene-induced apoptosis in the human leukemic T cell line Molt 4. The apoptosis progressed by simultaneous activation of caspases 8 and 9, and a cross talk between these initiator caspases was mediated by the proapoptotic protein Bid. Inhibition of caspases 2, 8, 9, and 3 independently suppressed the caspase cascade. The kinetics and function of caspase 2 were similar to those of caspase 3, suggesting its role as an effector caspase. Interestingly, beta-carotene-induced apoptosis was caspase 2 dependent but caspase 3 independent. The study also revealed cleavage of the antiapoptotic protein BclXL as an important event during apoptosis, which was regulated by ROS. The mechanistic studies identify a functional link between ROS and the caspase cascade involving caspase 2 and cleavage of BclXL. The interdependence of caspases 8, 9, 2, and 3 in the cascade provides evidence for the presence of an extensive feedback amplification loop in beta-carotene-induced apoptosis in Molt 4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandna Prasad
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
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Abstract
As memory CD8 T cells form during acute viral infection, several changes in gene expression and function occur, but little is known about the control of this process. It was reported previously that the homodimer CD8alphaalpha was involved in generating IL-7Ralphahigh memory CD8 T cell precursors, and consequently, protective memory CD8 T cells did not form in animals significantly impaired in CD8alphaalpha expression (E8(I)-/- mice). However, the precise contribution of CD8alphaalpha to sustained IL-7Ralpha expression and other memory CD8 T cell-associated changes has not been investigated. We found that IL-7Ralpha expression and generation of memory CD8 T cells that protect against secondary viral infection was considerably normal in E8(I)-/- animals. Interestingly, virus-specific CD4 T cell responses were elevated, and the relative surface levels of CD8alphabeta in activated T cells were reduced in E8(I)-/- mice compared with wild-type animals. Our results indicate that memory CD8 T cell development can occur independently of CD8alphaalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Susan M. Kaech, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S641B, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208011, New Haven, CT 06520.
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Chandele A, Prasad V, Jagtap JC, Shukla R, Shastry PR. Upregulation of survivin in G2/M cells and inhibition of caspase 9 activity enhances resistance in staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Neoplasia 2004; 6:29-40. [PMID: 15068669 PMCID: PMC1679816 DOI: 10.1016/s1476-5586(04)80051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, plays an important role in both the regulation of cell cycle and the inhibition of apoptosis, and is frequently overexpressed in many tumor types. In neuroblastomas, the expression of survivin correlates with a more aggressive and histologically unfavorable disease. Survivin is predominantly a cytoplasmic protein that is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner, increasing in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle followed by a rapid decline in the G1 phase. Recently, the role of survivin in resistance to chemotherapy has become an area of intensive investigation. In this study, we demonstrate a phase-specific resistance due to survivin in staurosporine (STS)-induced apoptosis in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC. G2/M-arrested cultures show an upregulation of survivin expression and are more resistant, whereas G1-phase cells that show decreased levels of survivin are more sensitive to apoptosis. Localization studies revealed differences in the distribution of survivin in two synchronized populations, with G1 cells having weakly positive staining confined to the nucleus, in contrast to G2/M cells that depicted a more uniform and intense expression of survivin throughout the cell. In our experimental system, STS induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial-caspase 9-mediated pathway. Retention of survivin in G1 cells by inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway or inhibition of caspase 9 protected the cells against apoptosis. Our data suggest that survivin exerts its antiapoptotic effect by inhibiting caspase 9 activity, an important event in STS-mediated apoptosis. In context with cell cycle-dependent responses to chemotherapy, the data from this study suggest the possibility of exploiting the survivin pathway for inducing apoptosis in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Chandele
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
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Abstract
Free radicals are involved in neuronal damage. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of sodium pyruvate-a free radical scavenger against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line-SK-N-MC. On exposure to H(2)O(2) (0.025 mM) cells exhibited apoptosis within 24 h, demonstrating a high caspase 3 activity by 3 h followed by cleavage of PARP that was maximum at 24 h. A break down in the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed 3 h onwards. Sodium pyruvate protected cells significantly (P<0.05) against apoptosis in a dose dependent manner as assessed for cell viability by dye exclusion method and apoptosis by TUNEL. Sodium pyruvate significantly inhibited caspase 3 activity, cleavage of PARP and breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential. These data suggest that sodium pyruvate protects neuronal damage caused by H(2)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree C Jagtap
- Department of Biotechnology, National Center for Cell Science, Government of India An Autonomous Institution, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, 411007 Pune, India
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