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Sisson D, Beechler B, Jabbar A, Jolles A, Hufschmid J. Epidemiology of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale infections in African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer) from Kruger National Park, South Africa. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 21:47-54. [PMID: 37124669 PMCID: PMC10140747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Image 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Sisson
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Brianna Beechler
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Anna Jolles
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Cordley Hall, 3029, 2701 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jasmin Hufschmid
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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Perez-Martin E, Beechler B, Zhang F, Scott K, de Klerk-Lorist LM, Limon G, Dugovich B, Gubbins S, Botha A, Hetem R, van Schalkwyk L, Juleff N, Maree FF, Jolles A, Charleston B. Viral dynamics and immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Vet Res 2022; 53:63. [PMID: 35927724 PMCID: PMC9351118 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important livestock diseases restricting international trade. While African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) act as the main wildlife reservoir, viral and immune response dynamics during FMD virus acute infection have not been described before in this species. We used experimental needle inoculation and contact infections with three Southern African Territories serotypes to assess clinical, virological and immunological dynamics for thirty days post infection. Clinical FMD in the needle inoculated buffalo was mild and characterised by pyrexia. Despite the absence of generalised vesicles, all contact animals were readily infected with their respective serotypes within the first two to nine days after being mixed with needle challenged buffalo. Irrespective of the route of infection or serotype, there were positive associations between the viral loads in blood and the induction of host innate pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins. Viral loads in blood and tonsil swabs were tightly correlated during the acute phase of the infection, however, viraemia significantly declined after a peak at four days post-infection (dpi), which correlated with the presence of detectable neutralising antibodies. In contrast, infectious virus was isolated in the tonsil swabs until the last sampling point (30 dpi) in most animals. The pattern of virus detection in serum and tonsil swabs was similar for all three serotypes in the direct challenged and contact challenged animals. We have demonstrated for the first time that African buffalo are indeed systemically affected by FMD virus and clinical FMD in buffalo is characterized by a transient pyrexia. Despite the lack of FMD lesions, infection of African buffalo was characterised by high viral loads in blood and oropharynx, rapid and strong host innate and adaptive immune responses and high transmissibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brianna Beechler
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, UK.,UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Katherine Scott
- ARC-OVI Transboundary Animal Disease Section (TAD), Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | | | - Brian Dugovich
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Arista Botha
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robyn Hetem
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Francois F Maree
- ARC-OVI Transboundary Animal Disease Section (TAD), Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, South Africa.,Clinglobal, B03/04 The Tamarin Commercial Hub, Jacaranda Avenue, Tamarin, 90903, Mauritius
| | - Anna Jolles
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Jolles A, Gorsich E, Gubbins S, Beechler B, Buss P, Juleff N, de Klerk-Lorist LM, Maree F, Perez-Martin E, van Schalkwyk OL, Scott K, Zhang F, Medlock J, Charleston B. Endemic persistence of a highly contagious pathogen: Foot-and-mouth disease in its wildlife host. Science 2021; 374:104-109. [PMID: 34591637 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Extremely contagious pathogens are a global biosecurity threat because of their high burden of morbidity and mortality, as well as their capacity for fast-moving epidemics that are difficult to quell. Understanding the mechanisms enabling persistence of highly transmissible pathogens in host populations is thus a central problem in disease ecology. Through a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches, we investigated how highly contagious foot-and-mouth disease viruses persist in the African buffalo, which serves as their wildlife reservoir. We found that viral persistence through transmission among acutely infected hosts alone is unlikely. However, the inclusion of occasional transmission from persistently infected carriers reliably rescues the most infectious viral strain from fade-out. Additional mechanisms such as antigenic shift, loss of immunity, or spillover among host populations may be required for persistence of less transmissible strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jolles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Erin Gorsich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.,Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Simon Gubbins
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Brianna Beechler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Peter Buss
- SANParks, Veterinary Wildlife Services, Kruger National Park, 1350 Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Nick Juleff
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Livestock Program, Seattle 98109, WA, USA
| | - Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist
- Office of the State Veterinarian, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Government of South Africa, 1350 Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Francois Maree
- Vaccine and Diagnostic Research Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.,South Africa Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eva Perez-Martin
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - O L van Schalkwyk
- Office of the State Veterinarian, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Government of South Africa, 1350 Skukuza, South Africa.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1 Radolfzell, 78315, Germany
| | - Katherine Scott
- Vaccine and Diagnostic Research Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jan Medlock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Bryan Charleston
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
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Delgadillo E, Glidden C, Pollak M, Rysenga H, Jolles A, Beechler B. The Benefit of Hedgerow Access on the Health and Growth Rate of Pasture Raised Broiler Chickens. Front Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.649924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasture rearing is an increasingly common option for small farms to produce humanely raised poultry products for an expanding market, however profit margins tend to be much lower for pastured poultry producers than for those that opt for conventional indoor rearing. Research into simple methods to optimize the growth and health of pasture-raised poultry can help small farmers maximize meat yields and decrease the morbidity and mortality of their flock, ultimately leading to higher profit margins and improved animal welfare. The objective of this study was to measure how the inclusion of mature, native foliage into pastures can impact the production performance and overall health status of two different popular breeds of commercial broiler chickens; fast-growing Cornish cross and slower growing Red rangers. During the finisher phase (30–78 days old), pastured chickens were separated by breed into either a treatment population with access to a mature bordering hedgerow, or a control population without access to a hedgerow. Weekly weight gain, daily feed intake and basic hematologic values were used to evaluate differences in the production performance and health status between each population. We found that hedge access led to a significant improvement in the rate of gain of the Cornish cross without an associated increase in feed intake, suggesting that the addition of hedges can increase meat yields in fast-growing broilers without increasing feed costs. Red rangers with hedge access demonstrated an improved ability to neutralize bacterial pathogens in whole blood and a lesser degree of hemodilution compared to control populations, suggesting improved immune function and a lower degree of heat stress in these populations. We conclude that the addition of natural environmental enrichment such as mature foliage to grass pastures can lead to improved production performance in fast-growing broilers and improvements in the health and immune function of slower growing broiler chickens.
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Steyn J, Motlou P, van Eeden C, Pretorius M, Stivaktas VI, Williams J, Snyman LP, Buss PE, Beechler B, Jolles A, Perez-Martin E, Myburgh JG, Steyl J, Venter M. Shuni Virus in Wildlife and Nonequine Domestic Animals, South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:1521-1525. [PMID: 32568048 PMCID: PMC7323521 DOI: 10.3201/eid2607.190770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened nonequine animals with unexplained neurologic signs or death in South Africa during 2010-2018 for Shuni virus (SHUV). SHUV was detected in 3.3% of wildlife, 1.1% of domestic, and 2.0% of avian species. Seropositivity was also demonstrated in wildlife. These results suggest a range of possible SHUV hosts in Africa.
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Bogdan P, Caetano-Anollés G, Jolles A, Kim H, Morris J, Murphy CA, Royer C, Snell EH, Steinbrenner A, Strausfeld N. Biological networks across scales. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:1991-2010. [PMID: 34021749 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biological systems across scales of size and complexity exhibit a time-varying complex network structure that emerges and self-organizes as a result of interactions with the environment. Network interactions optimize some intrinsic cost functions that are unknown and involve for example energy efficiency, robustness, resilience, and frailty. A wide range of networks exist in biology, from gene regulatory networks important for organismal development, protein interaction networks that govern physiology and metabolism, and neural networks that store and convey information to networks of microbes that form microbiomes within hosts, animal contact networks that underlie social systems, and networks of populations on the landscape connected by migration. Increasing availability of extensive (big) data is amplifying our ability to quantify biological networks. Similarly, theoretical methods that describe network structure and dynamics are being developed. Beyond static networks representing snapshots of biological systems, collections of longitudinal data series can help either at defining and characterizing network dynamics over time or analyzing the dynamics constrained to networked architectures. Moreover, due to interactions with the environment and other biological systems, a biological network may not be fully observable. Also, subnetworks may emerge and disappear as a result of the need for the biological system to cope with for example invaders or new information flows. The confluence of these developments renders tractable the question of how the structure of biological networks predicts and controls network dynamics. In particular, there may be structural features that result in homeostatic networks with specific higher-order statistics (e.g., multifractal spectrum), which maintain stability over time through robustness and/or resilience to perturbation. Alternative, plastic networks may respond to perturbation by (adaptive to catastrophic) shifts in structure. Here, we explore the opportunity for discovering universal laws connecting the structure of biological networks with their function, positioning them on the spectrum of time-evolving network structure, i.e. dynamics of networks, from highly stable to exquisitely sensitive to perturbation. If such general laws exist, they could transform our ability to predict the response of biological systems to perturbations-an increasingly urgent priority in the face of anthropogenic changes to the environment that affect life across the gamut of organizational scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bogdan
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Anna Jolles
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Hyunju Kim
- The Beyond Center, Arizona State University, Tempe
| | - James Morris
- Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Cheryl A Murphy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | | | - Edward H Snell
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute and SUNY, Buffalo
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Sabey KA, Song SJ, Jolles A, Knight R, Ezenwa VO. Coinfection and infection duration shape how pathogens affect the African buffalo gut microbiota. ISME J 2021; 15:1359-1371. [PMID: 33328653 PMCID: PMC8115229 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the gut microbiota during pathogen infection are often predicted to influence disease outcomes. However, studies exploring whether pathogens induce microbiota shifts have yielded inconsistent results. This suggests that variation in infection, rather than the presence of infection alone, might shape pathogen-microbiota relationships. For example, most hosts are coinfected with multiple pathogens simultaneously, and hosts vary in how long they are infected, which may amplify or diminish microbial shifts expected in response to a focal pathogen. We used a longitudinal anthelmintic treatment study of free-ranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to examine whether (i) coinfection with bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis, TB) and gastrointestinal nematodes, and (ii) the duration of TB infection, modified effects of single pathogens on the gut microbiota. By accounting for the interaction between TB and nematodes, we found that coinfection affected changes in microbial abundance associated with single infections. Furthermore, the duration of TB infection predicted more microbiota variation than the presence of TB. Importantly, coinfection and infection duration had nearly as much influence on microbial patterns as demographic and environmental factors commonly examined in microbiota research. These findings demonstrate that acknowledging infection heterogeneities may be crucial to understanding relationships between pathogens and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Sabey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Se Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna Jolles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa O Ezenwa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Dolan BP, Beechler B, Dugovich B, Jolles A, Epps C. Immunogenetic variation at MHC class I loci in desert bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis nelsoni) reflects natural and anthropogenic fragmentation. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.19.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) are a charismatic ungulate native to western North America that live in mountainous regions. In the desert of the southwest United States, populations of bighorn sheep can be isolated by both natural and anthropogenic barriers. Isolation limits gene flow, exacerbates loss of genetic diversity to drift, and thus could affect immune responses to infectious agents. We sought to develop a relatively rapid method for determining MHC class I gene diversity in individual sheep. Both DNA and RNA were isolated from leukocytes collected from 154 adult bighorn sheep from across different mountain ranges in Southern California. Previously identified primers from domestic sheep were used to amplify exons 2 and 3 from OMHC I genes while appending adapters for PacBio circular consensus sequencing. We successfully identified over 40 unique MHC class I sequences expressed by bighorn sheep. Using a combination of phylogenic tree analysis and mapping MHC sequences to the domestic sheep genome, we detect at least 4 unique classical MHC class I regions. Comparison of results using either genomic DNA or mRNA (cDNA) as a template for analysis suggest that certain MHC alleles are expressed at different levels within leukocytes, while many potential pseudogenes were identified when genomic DNA was used as a template. Our data suggests using messenger RNA (cDNA) as a template to identify MHC class I diversity is superior to genomic DNA. Finally, we found clear patterns of MHC class I genotypes differentiated by population, which suggests that both natural and anthropogenic-induced population fragmentation can limit the diversity of MHC genes within a given population.
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Abstract
To address the challenge of multiscale dynamics of infectious diseases, the Mathematical Biosciences Institute organized a workshop at The Ohio State University to bring together scientists from a variety of disciplines to share expertise gained through looking at infectious diseases across different scales. The researchers at the workshop, held in April 2018, were specifically looking at three model systems: foot-and-mouth disease, vector-borne diseases and enteric diseases. Although every multiscale model must be necessarily derived from a multiscale system, not every multiscale system has to lead to multiscale models. These three model systems seem to have produced a variety of both multiscale and integrated single-scale mechanistic models that have developed their own strengths and particular challenges. Here, we present papers from some of the workshop participants to show the breadth of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B. Garabed
- College of Veterinary Medicine–Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Jolles
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Winston Garira
- Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | | | - Juan Gutierrez
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Grzegorz Rempala
- College of Public Health–Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences–Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Glidden CK, Beechler B, Buss PE, Charleston B, de Klerk-Lorist LM, Maree FF, Muller T, Pérez-Martin E, Scott KA, van Schalkwyk OL, Jolles A. Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1944. [PMID: 29375568 PMCID: PMC5768611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting exposure to new or emerging pathogens is a critical challenge to protecting human, domestic animal, and wildlife health. Yet, current techniques to detect infections typically target known pathogens of humans or economically important animals. In the face of the current surge in infectious disease emergence, non-specific disease surveillance tools are urgently needed. Tracking common host immune responses indicative of recent infection may have potential as a non-specific diagnostic approach for disease surveillance. The challenge to immunologists is to identify the most promising markers, which ideally should be highly conserved across pathogens and host species, become upregulated rapidly and consistently in response to pathogen invasion, and remain elevated beyond clearance of infection. This study combined an infection experiment and a longitudinal observational study to evaluate the utility of non-specific markers of inflammation [NSMI; two acute phase proteins (haptoglobin and serum amyloid A), two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNF-α)] as indicators of pathogen exposure in a wild mammalian species, African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Specifically, in the experimental study, we asked (1) How quickly do buffalo mount NSMI responses upon challenge with an endemic pathogen, foot-and-mouth disease virus; (2) for how long do NSMI remain elevated after viral clearance and; (3) how pronounced is the difference between peak NSMI concentration and baseline NSMI concentration? In the longitudinal study, we asked (4) Are elevated NSMI associated with recent exposure to a suite of bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens in a wild population? Among the four NSMI that we tested, haptoglobin showed the strongest potential as a surveillance marker in African buffalo: concentrations quickly and consistently reached high levels in response to experimental infection, remaining elevated for almost a month. Moreover, elevated haptoglobin was indicative of recent exposure to two respiratory pathogens assessed in the longitudinal study. We hope this work motivates studies investigating suites of NSMI as indicators for pathogen exposure in a broader range of both pathogen and host species, potentially transforming how we track disease burden in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline K Glidden
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brianna Beechler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Peter Erik Buss
- SANPARKS, Veterinary Wildlife Services, Skukuza, South Africa
| | | | - Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist
- Office of the State Veterinarian, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Francois Frederick Maree
- Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Transboundary Animal Diseases, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Timothy Muller
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | - Katherine Anne Scott
- Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Transboundary Animal Diseases, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Ockert Louis van Schalkwyk
- Office of the State Veterinarian, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Anna Jolles
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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le Roex N, Jolles A, Beechler B, van Helden P, Hoal E. Toll-like receptor (TLR) diversity influences mycobacterial growth in African buffalo. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 104:87-94. [PMID: 28454655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of wildlife in the maintenance or spread of emerging infectious diseases is a growing priority across the world. Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a chronic, infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). BTB is widespread within game reserves in southern Africa, and within these ecosystems the primary wildlife host of this disease is the African buffalo. We used a modified bacterial killing assay for mycobacteria to investigate the effect of Toll-like receptor (TLR) genetic diversity and demographic parameters on the ability of African buffalo to restrict mycobacterial growth. Eosinophil count, time delay, bovine PPD response and avian PPD response were negatively correlated with mycobacterial growth. TLR6 diversity and the interaction of age group and sex were positively correlated with mycobacterial growth. Our results suggest that both demographic and individual immune parameters influence the ability to control mycobacterial infection in African buffalo. TLR6 diversity is particularly interesting as this locus has also shown associations with BTB in cattle, suggesting that further research into the effects, selection and role of TLR6 variants in bovine tuberculosis will be productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki le Roex
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/ Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Anna Jolles
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Brianna Beechler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Paul van Helden
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/ Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Eileen Hoal
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/ Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Sisson D, Hufschmid J, Jolles A, Beechler B, Jabbar A. Molecular characterisation of Anaplasma species from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:400-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Lane-deGraaf KE, Amish SJ, Gardipee F, Jolles A, Luikart G, Ezenwa VO. Signatures of natural and unnatural selection: evidence from an immune system gene in African buffalo. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lacroix C, Jolles A, Seabloom EW, Power AG, Mitchell CE, Borer ET. Non-random biodiversity loss underlies predictable increases in viral disease prevalence. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20130947. [PMID: 24352672 PMCID: PMC3899862 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease dilution (reduced disease prevalence with increasing biodiversity) has been described for many different pathogens. Although the mechanisms causing this phenomenon remain unclear, the disassembly of communities to predictable subsets of species, which can be caused by changing climate, land use or invasive species, underlies one important hypothesis. In this case, infection prevalence could reflect the competence of the remaining hosts. To test this hypothesis, we measured local host species abundance and prevalence of four generalist aphid-vectored pathogens (barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses) in a ubiquitous annual grass host at 10 sites spanning 2000 km along the North American West Coast. In laboratory and field trials, we measured viral infection as well as aphid fecundity and feeding preference on several host species. Virus prevalence increased as local host richness declined. Community disassembly was non-random: ubiquitous hosts dominating species-poor assemblages were among the most competent for vector production and virus transmission. This suggests that non-random biodiversity loss led to increased virus prevalence. Because diversity loss is occurring globally in response to anthropogenic changes, such work can inform medical, agricultural and veterinary disease research by providing insights into the dynamics of pathogens nested within a complex web of environmental forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Lacroix
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Anna Jolles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Alison G. Power
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Charles E. Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Michel A, Cooper D, Jooste J, de Klerk LM, Jolles A. Approaches towards optimising the gamma interferon assay for diagnosing Mycobacterium bovis infection in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Prev Vet Med 2011; 98:142-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Jolles A. �ber eine neue Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Rohrzuckers. Anal Bioanal Chem 1912. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01436135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Jolles A, Bruyn L, Ekenstein A, Buchner E, Meisenheimer J, Schade H, Rupp E, Lehmann F, Conti C, Mayezima T. Zur Zuckerbestimmung. Anal Bioanal Chem 1911. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01309195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Gu�rin G, Jolles A, Neuberg C, Rauchberger D. Galle. Anal Bioanal Chem 1910. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01450831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Jolles A, Schulz FN, Zsigmondy R. Zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Eiweissk�rper im Blut. Anal Bioanal Chem 1903. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01306755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Knorre G, Jolles A, Baumann A, Giraud H, Lecrenier A, Finkener R, Carnot A, Brauner B, Bošek O, England GW, Ditte A, Metzner R, Bartels R. Zur Bestimmung des Antimons. Anal Bioanal Chem 1899. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01334067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Kolisch HR, Burian R, Jolles A. Nachweis von Histon und Nucleohiston. Anal Bioanal Chem 1898. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01461657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jolles A, Lohnstein T. Zur Bestimmung der Dichtigkeit des Harns. Anal Bioanal Chem 1898. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01461654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Lohnstein T, Jolles A, Glan R, Pansini S. Bestimmung und Nachweis von Traubenzucker im Harn. Anal Bioanal Chem 1896. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01415440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jolles A. Nachweis des Urobilins. Anal Bioanal Chem 1896. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01415442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jolles A. Nachweis und annähernde Bestimmung von Gallenfarbstoff. Anal Bioanal Chem 1895. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01595772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jolles A. Ueber den Nachweis von Zucker im Harn. Anal Bioanal Chem 1891. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01592029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Jolles A, Atterberg A, Foerster O. Report of recent researches and improvements in analytical processes. Analyst 1890. [DOI: 10.1039/an8901500179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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