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Gundacker A, Glat M, Wais J, Stoehrmann P, Pollak A, Pollak DD. Early-life iron deficiency persistently disrupts affective behaviour in mice. Ann Med 2023; 55:1265-1277. [PMID: 37096819 PMCID: PMC10132221 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2191003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutrient deficiency, affecting two billion people worldwide, including about 30% of pregnant women. During gestation, the brain is particularly vulnerable to environmental insults, which can irrevocably impair critical developmental processes. Consequently, detrimental consequences of early-life ID for offspring brain structure and function have been described. Although early life ID has been associated with an increased long-term risk for several neuropsychiatric disorders, the effect on depressive disorders has remained unresolved. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of moderate foetal and neonatal ID was established by keeping pregnant dams on an iron-deficient diet throughout gestation until postnatal day 10. The ensuing significant decrease of iron content in the offspring brain, as well as the impact on maternal behaviour and offspring vocalization was determined in the first postnatal week. The consequences of early-life ID for depression- and anxiety-like behaviour in adulthood were revealed employing dedicated behavioural assays. miRNA sequencing of hippocampal tissue of offspring revealed specific miRNAs signatures accompanying the behavioural deficits of foetal and neonatal ID in the adult brain. RESULTS Mothers receiving iron-deficient food during pregnancy and lactation exhibited significantly less licking and grooming behaviour, while active pup retrieval and pup ultrasonic vocalizations were unaltered. Adult offspring with a history of foetal and neonatal ID showed an increase in depression- and anxiety-like behaviour, paralleled by a deranged miRNA expression profile in the hippocampus, specifically levels of miR200a and miR200b. CONCLUSION ID during the foetal and neonatal periods has life-long consequences for affective behaviour in mice and leaves a specific and persistent mark on the expression of miRNAs in the brain. Foetal and neonatal ID needs to be further considered as risk factor for the development of depression and anxiety disorders later in life.Key MessagesMarginal reduction of gestational alimentary iron intake decreases brain iron content of the juvenile offspring.Early-life ID is associated with increased depression- and anxiety-like behaviour in adulthood.Reduction of maternal alimentary iron intake during pregnancy is reflected in an alteration of miRNA signatures in the adult offspring brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gundacker
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Micaela Glat
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan Wais
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Stoehrmann
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Perez E, Abedat S, Meir K, Pollak A, Shapira O, Erez E, Leibowitz D, Asleh R, Amir O, Beeri R. Amyloidosis of the aortic valve in patients with degenerative and bicuspid aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common valvular disease, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. In younger patients, AS may occur as part of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) syndrome. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is an infiltrative disorder caused by the extracellular deposition of insoluble amyloid-derived fibrils. Recent studies have shown the presence of ATTR-CA in 4%-29% of degenerative AS patients. We hypothesized that amyloidosis may be involved in valve injury leading to AS.
Material and methods
We studied the aortic valves of 124 patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement at our institution over the last decade, included in our cardiosurgical database. Valves from 86 degenerative AS patients were compared to a control group of 38 patients with BAV stenosis. Patients with pure aortic regurgitation, history of rheumatic disease, or severe renal disease were excluded. The slides were stained with Congo red, and Thioflavin S then examined with regular, fluorescence and polarized light microscopy.
Results
In the degenerative AS group, Congo red and Thioflavin S staining was positive in 63% of the valves and 37% negative. The bicuspid AS group showed 68% positive and 32% negative for the Congo Red and Thioflavin S stains.
Discussion and conclusion
Our results indicate the presence of valvular amyloidosis in patients with AS, whether due to degenerative or congenital etiologies. This corroborates several recent studies. Intriguingly, there was an equally positive Congo red and Thioflavin S signal in bicuspid aortic valves. We speculate that the positive staining in the BAV group may indicate an inflammatory process associated with valve pathology inducing the accumulation of amyloid, and thus may not be transthyretin, as we expect in the experimental group. Another explanation may be that amyloidosis may be an epiphenomenon of valve “wear and tear” and not related to the pathogenesis in either etiology. Specific TTR immunofluorescence is underway to elucidate this question.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perez
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - S Abedat
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - K Meir
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - A Pollak
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - O Shapira
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - E Erez
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - D Leibowitz
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - R Asleh
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - O Amir
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - R Beeri
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
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3
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Najmeh S, Klapper J, Poisson J, Fuller M, Zaffiri L, Haney J, Hartwig M, Seay T, Pollak A, Guinn N, Bottiger B. Perioperative Characteristics Associated with Transfusion-Free Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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4
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Kreitz S, Zambon A, Ronovsky M, Budinsky L, Helbich TH, Sideromenos S, Ivan C, Konerth L, Wank I, Berger A, Pollak A, Hess A, Pollak DD. Maternal immune activation during pregnancy impacts on brain structure and function in the adult offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 83:56-67. [PMID: 31526827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational infection constitutes a risk factor for the occurrence of psychiatric disorders in the offspring. Activation of the maternal immune system (MIA) with subsequent impact on the development of the fetal brain is considered to form the neurobiological basis for aberrant neural wiring and the psychiatric manifestations later in offspring life. The examination of validated animal models constitutes a premier resource for the investigation of the neural underpinnings. Here we used a mouse model of MIA based upon systemic treatment of pregnant mice with Poly(I:C) (polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid), for the unbiased and comprehensive analysis of the impact of MIA on adult offspring brain activity, morphometry, connectivity and function by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach. Overall lower neural activity, smaller brain regions and less effective fiber structure were observed for Poly(I:C) offspring compared to the control group. The corpus callosum was significantly smaller and presented with a disruption in myelin/ fiber structure in the MIA progeny. Subsequent resting-state functional MRI experiments demonstrated a paralleling dysfunctional interhemispheric connectivity. Additionally, while the overall flow of information was intact, cortico-limbic connectivity was hampered and limbic circuits revealed hyperconnectivity in Poly(I:C) offspring. Our study sheds new light on the impact of maternal infection during pregnancy on the offspring brain and identifies aberrant resting-state functional connectivity patterns as possible correlates of the behavioral phenotype with relevance for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kreitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Alice Zambon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne Ronovsky
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Lubos Budinsky
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Spyros Sideromenos
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudiu Ivan
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Laura Konerth
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Isabel Wank
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Angelika Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Ronovsky M, Berger S, Zambon A, Reisinger SN, Horvath O, Pollak A, Lindtner C, Berger A, Pollak DD. Maternal immune activation transgenerationally modulates maternal care and offspring depression-like behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 63:127-136. [PMID: 27765645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational infection is increasingly being recognized for its involvement as causative mechanism in severe developmental brain abnormalities and its contribution to the pathogenesis of psychopathologies later in life. First observations in the widely accepted maternal immune activation (MIA) model based upon the systemic administration of the viral mimetic Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) have recently suggested a transmission of behavioral and transcriptional traits across generations. Although maternal care behavior (MCB) is known as essential mediator of the transgenerational effects of environmental challenges on offspring brain function and behavior, the possible propagation of alterations of MCB resulting from MIA to following generations has not yet been examined. Here we show that poly(I:C) stimulation at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) leads to aberrant MCB and that this effect is transmitted to the female F1 offspring. The transgenerational effects on MCB are paralleled by enhanced depression-like behavior in the second generation F2 offspring with contributions of both maternal and paternal heritages. Examination of offspring hippocampal expression of genes known as targets of MCB and relevant for ensuing non-genetic transmission of altered brain function and behavior revealed transgenerationally conserved and modified expressional patterns in the F1 and F2 generation. Collectively these data firstly demonstrate the transgenerational transmission of the impact of gestational immune activation on the reproductive care behavior of the mother. Behavioral and molecular characteristics of first and second generation offspring suggest transgenerationally imprinted consequences of gestational infection on psychopathological traits related to mood disorders which remain to be examined in future cross-fostering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Ronovsky
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Berger
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Zambon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonali N Reisinger
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Orsolya Horvath
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Lindtner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Sadeghi K, Wisgrill L, Wessely I, Diesner SC, Schüller S, Dürr C, Heinle A, Sachet M, Pollak A, Förster-Waldl E, Spittler A. GM-CSF Down-Regulates TLR Expression via the Transcription Factor PU.1 in Human Monocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162667. [PMID: 27695085 PMCID: PMC5047522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are crucial sensors of microbial agents such as bacterial or viral compounds. These receptors constitute key players in the induction of inflammation, e.g. in septic or chronic inflammatory diseases. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) such as granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) or granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) have been extensively investigated in their capacity to promote myelopoiesis in febrile neutropenia or to overcome immunosuppression in patients suffering from sepsis-associated neutropenia or from monocytic immunoincompetence. We report here that GM-CSF, downregulates TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4 in a time- and dose-dependent fashion in human monocytes. Diminished pathogen recognition receptor expression was accompanied by reduced downstream p38 and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling upon lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding-and accordingly led to impaired proinflammatory cytokine production. Knockdown experiments of the transcription factors PU.1 and VentX showed that GM-CSF driven effects on TLR regulation is entirely PU.1 but not VentX dependent. We further analysed monocyte TLR and CD14 expression upon exposure to the IMID® immunomodulatory drug Pomalidomide (CC-4047), a Thalidomide analogue known to downregulate PU.1. Indeed, Pomalidomide in part reversed the GM-CSF-mediated effects. Our data indicate a critical role of PU.1 in the regulation of TLR1, 2, 4 and of CD14, thus targeting PU.1 ultimately results in TLR modulation. The PU.1 mediated immunomodulatory properties of GM-CSF should be taken into consideration upon usage of GM-CSF in inflammatory or infection-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambis Sadeghi
- Dept. of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Wisgrill
- Dept. of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabelle Wessely
- Dept. of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne C. Diesner
- Dept. of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Schüller
- Dept. of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Celia Dürr
- Dept. of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armando Heinle
- Dept. of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Sachet
- Dept. of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Dept. of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Förster-Waldl
- Dept. of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Rydzanicz M, Jagła M, Kosinska J, Tomasik T, Sobczak A, Pollak A, Herman-Sucharska I, Walczak A, Kwinta P, Płoski R. KIF5A de novo mutation associated with myoclonic seizures and neonatal onset progressive leukoencephalopathy. Clin Genet 2016; 91:769-773. [PMID: 27414745 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The KIF5A gene (OMIM 602821) encodes a neuron-specific kinesin heavy chain involved in intracellular transport of mitochondria and other cargoes. KIF5A protein comprises the N terminal motor domain, the stalk domain and the C-terminal cargo binding domain. The binding between KIF5A and its cargoes is mediated by kinesin adaptor proteins such as TRAK1 and TRAK2. Numerous missense KIF5A mutations in the motor and stalk domains cause spastic paraplegia type 10 (SPG10, OMIM 604187). Conversely, the role of loss-of-function mutations, especially those affecting the cargo binding domain, is unclear. We describe a novel de novo KIF5A p.Ser974fs/c.2921delC mutation found by whole exome sequencing in a patient with a congenital severe disease characterized by myoclonic seizures and progressive leukoencephalopathy. Since this phenotype differs considerably from the KIF5A/SPG10 disease spectrum we propose that the KIF5A p.Ser974fs and possibly other mutations which lead to truncation of the C-terminal tail of the protein cause a novel disorder. We speculate that the unique effect of the C-terminal truncating KIF5A mutations may result from the previously described complex role of this protein domain in binding of the TRAK2 and possibly other kinesin adaptor protein(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Jagła
- Department of Pediatrics, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Kosinska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Tomasik
- Department of Pediatrics, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Sobczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - A Walczak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Kwinta
- Department of Pediatrics, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - R Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Mierzewska H, Rydzanicz M, Biegański T, Kosinska J, Mierzewska-Schmidt M, Ługowska A, Pollak A, Stawiński P, Walczak A, Kędra A, Obersztyn E, Szczepanik E, Płoski R. Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with neurodegeneration associated with AIFM1 mutation - a novel phenotype of the mitochondrial disease. Clin Genet 2016; 91:30-37. [PMID: 27102849 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In 1999, based on a single family, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) with mental retardation (MR) was described as a novel syndrome with probably X-linked recessive inheritance and unknown molecular defect (MIM 300232). Our purpose was to search for the causative defect in the originally described family and in an independently ascertained second family. All patients had slowly progressive neurodegeneration with central and peripheral involvement and identical skeletal dysplasia. Whole exome sequencing performed in two subjects showed a single plausible candidate - the p.Asp237Gly variant in AIFM1 (chr. Xq26.1). The p.Asp237Gly segregated with disease as indicated by linkage analysis [maximum logarithm of odds score (LOD) score at theta 0 for the two families was 3.359]. This variant had not been previously reported and it was predicted to be pathogenic by Polyphen2, SIFT, MutationTaster and Mutation Assessor. AIFM1 encodes mitochondria associated apoptosis-inducing factor. The AIFM1 gene has been linked with COXPD6 encephalomyopathy (MIM 300816), Cowchock syndrome (MIM 310490) and X-linked deafness with neuropathy (DFNX5, MIM 300614), none of which are similar to SEMD-MR. Our results place SEMD as the third instance of a skeletal phenotype associated with a mitochondrial disease (the others being EVEN-PLUS syndrome caused by mutations of HSPA9 and CODAS syndrome due to LONP1 mutations).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mierzewska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Biegański
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Kosinska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mierzewska-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Ługowska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Stawiński
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Walczak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kędra
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Obersztyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Szczepanik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Poninska JK, Bilinska ZT, Franaszczyk M, Michalak E, Rydzanicz M, Szpakowski E, Pollak A, Milanowska B, Truszkowska G, Chmielewski P, Sioma A, Janaszek-Sitkowska H, Klisiewicz A, Michalowska I, Makowiecka-Ciesla M, Kolsut P, Stawinski P, Foss-Nieradko B, Szperl M, Grzybowski J, Hoffman P, Januszewicz A, Kusmierczyk M, Ploski R. Next-generation sequencing for diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections: diagnostic yield, novel mutations and genotype phenotype correlations. J Transl Med 2016; 14:115. [PMID: 27146836 PMCID: PMC4855821 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) are silent but possibly lethal condition with up to 40 % of cases being hereditary. Genetic background is heterogeneous. Recently next-generation sequencing enabled efficient and cost-effective examination of gene panels. Aim of the study was to define the diagnostic yield of NGS in the 51 TAAD patients and to look for genotype–phenotype correlations within families of the patients with TAAD. Methods 51 unrelated TAAD patients were examined by either whole exome sequencing or TruSight One sequencing panel. We analyzed rare variants in 10 established thoracic aortic aneurysms-associated genes. Whenever possible, we looked for co-segregation in the families. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was constructed to compare the event-free survival depending on genotype. Aortic events were defined as acute aortic dissection or first planned aortic surgery. Results and discussion In 21 TAAD patients we found 22 rare variants, 6 (27.3 %) of these were previously reported, and 16 (73.7 %) were novel. Based on segregation data, functional analysis and software estimations we assumed that three of novel variants were causative, nine likely causative. Remaining four were classified as of unknown significance (2) and likely benign (2). In all, 9 (17.6 %) of 51 probands had a positive result when considering variants classified as causative only and 18 (35.3 %) if likely causative were also included. Genotype-positive probands (n = 18) showed shorter mean event free survival (41 years, CI 35–46) than reference group, i.e. those (n = 29) without any plausible variant identified (51 years, CI 45–57, p = 0.0083). This effect was also found when the ‘genotype-positive’ group was restricted to probands with ‘likely causative’ variants (p = 0.0092) which further supports pathogenicity of these variants. The mean event free survival was particularly low (37 years, CI 27–47) among the probands with defects in the TGF beta signaling (p = 0.0033 vs. the reference group). Conclusions This study broadens the spectrum of genetic background of thoracic aneurysms and dissections and supports its potential role as a prognostic factor in the patients with the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0870-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Poninska
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z T Bilinska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - M Franaszczyk
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Michalak
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Szpakowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Milanowska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Truszkowska
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Chmielewski
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Sioma
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - A Klisiewicz
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Defects, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Michalowska
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - P Kolsut
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Stawinski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Foss-Nieradko
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Szperl
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Grzybowski
- Department of Cardiomyopathy, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Hoffman
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Defects, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Januszewicz
- Department of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kusmierczyk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Falsafi SK, Dierssen M, Ghafari M, Pollak A, Lubec G. Reduced cortical neurotransmitter receptor complex levels in fetal Down syndrome brain. Amino Acids 2015; 48:103-16. [PMID: 26269195 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, cortical receptor complex levels were determined in fetal Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) brain. Frontal cortices were obtained from individuals with DS (19th-22nd week of gestation) and controls. Membrane proteins were extracted, assayed on blue native gels and immunoblotted with brain receptor antibodies. Levels of a D1R-containing complex were markedly decreased in male and female cortices of DS individuals. Females with DS had significant reductions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α4 and α7, NMDA receptor GluN1 and AMPA receptor GluA1- and GluA3-containing receptor complexes. Levels of other brain receptor complexes (5-hydroxytryptamine 1A, GluA2 and GluR4 receptor-containing complexes) were comparable between the groups of females. Levels of GluA2- and GluA3-containing complexes were significantly increased in males. Decreased levels of D1R complexes in both sexes, along with the significant reduction of α4, α7-containing receptor complexes observed in females, may explain the brain deficits and impaired cognition observed in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keihan Falsafi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maryam Ghafari
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Reisinger S, Khan D, Kong E, Berger A, Pollak A, Pollak DD. The poly(I:C)-induced maternal immune activation model in preclinical neuropsychiatric drug discovery. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 149:213-26. [PMID: 25562580 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological and experimental evidence implicates gestational infections as one important factor involved in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Corresponding preclinical model systems based upon maternal immune activation (MIA) by treatment of the pregnant female have been developed. These MIA animal model systems have been successfully used in basic and translational research approaches, contributing to the investigation of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms at the molecular, cellular and behavioral levels. The present article focuses on the application of a specific MIA rodent paradigm, based upon treatment of the gestating dam with the viral mimic polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (Poly(I:C)), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) which activates the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway. Important advantages and constraints of this animal model will be discussed, specifically in light of gestational infection as one vulnerability factor contributing to the complex etiology of mood and psychotic disorders, which are likely the result of intricate multi-level gene×environment interactions. Improving our currently incomplete understanding of the molecular pathomechanistic principles underlying these disorders is a prerequisite for the development of alternative therapeutic approaches which are critically needed in light of the important drawbacks and limitations of currently available pharmacological treatment options regarding efficacy and side effects. The particular relevance of the Poly(I:C) MIA model for the discovery of novel drug targets for symptomatic and preventive therapeutic strategies in mood and psychotic disorders is highlighted in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Reisinger
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Deeba Khan
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Eryan Kong
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Friedrichsohn C, Pollak A, Fischer F, Köhler H, Riegel W. Comparison between continuous venovenous and intermittent hemodialysis in acute renal failure. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 116:34-7. [PMID: 8529379 DOI: 10.1159/000424610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Friedrichsohn
- Department of Medicine, Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
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13
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Weitzdoerfer R, Toran N, Subramaniyan S, Pollak A, Dierssen M, Lubec G. A cluster of protein kinases and phosphatases modulated in fetal Down syndrome (trisomy 21) brain. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1127-34. [PMID: 25740605 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21) is the most frequent cause of mental retardation with major cognitive and behavioral deficits. Although a series of aberrant biochemical pathways has been reported, work on signaling proteins is limited. It was, therefore, the aim of the study to test a selection of protein kinases and phosphatases known to be essential for memory and learning mechanisms in fetal DS brain. 12 frontal cortices from DS brain were compared to 12 frontal cortices from controls obtained at legal abortions. Proteins were extracted from brains and western blotting with specific antibodies was carried out. Primary results were used for networking (IntAct Molecular Interaction Database) and individual predicted pathway components were subsequently quantified by western blotting. Levels of calcium-calmodulin kinase II alpha, transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 as well as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were reduced in cortex of DS subjects and network generation pointed to interaction between PTEN and the dendritic spine protein drebrin that was subsequently determined and reduced levels were observed. The findings of reduced levels of cognitive-function-related protein kinases and the phosphatase may be relevant for interpretation of previous work and may be useful for the design of future studies on signaling in DS brain. Moreover, decreased drebrin levels may point to dendritic spine abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Weitzdoerfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Subramaniyan S, Hajali V, Scherf T, Sase SJ, Sialana FJ, Gröger M, Bennett KL, Pollak A, Li L, Korz V, Lubec G. Hippocampal receptor complexes paralleling LTP reinforcement in the spatial memory holeboard test in the rat. Behav Brain Res 2015; 283:162-74. [PMID: 25639541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to examine learning-induced transformation of early-LTP into late-LTP. Recording electrodes were implanted into the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in male rats and early-LTP was induced by weak tetanic stimulation of the medial perforant path. Dorsal right hippocampi were removed, membrane proteins were extracted, separated by blue-native gel electrophoresis with subsequent immunoblotting using brain receptor antibodies. Spatial training resulted into reinforcement of LTP and the reinforced LTP was persistent for 6h. Receptor complex levels containing GluN1 and GluN2A of NMDARs, GluA1 and GluA2 of AMPARs, nAchα7R and the D(1A) dopamine receptor were significantly-elevated in rat hippocampi of animals underwent spatial learning, whilst levels of GluA3 and 5-HT1A receptor containing complexes were significantly reduced. Evidence for complex formation between GluN1 and D(1A) dopamine receptor was provided by antibody shift assay, co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric analysis. Thus our results propose that behavioural stimuli like spatial learning reinforce early LTP into late LTP and this reinforced LTP is accompanied by changes in certain receptor levels in the membrane fraction of the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Hajali
- Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Scherf
- Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sunetra Jitkar Sase
- Department of Paediatrics, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18A, 1090 Wien
| | - Fernando J Sialana
- Department of Paediatrics, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18A, 1090 Wien
| | - Marion Gröger
- Core facilities, Core Facility Imaging, Medizinische Universität Wien, Anna Spiegel Forschungsgebäude, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT25.3 and 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Paediatrics, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18A, 1090 Wien
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18A, 1090 Wien
| | - Volker Korz
- Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Paediatrics, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18A, 1090 Wien.
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15
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Werther T, Olischar M, Giordano V, Czaba C, Waldhoer T, Berger A, Pollak A, Deindl P. Bispectral index and lower margin amplitude of the amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram in neonates. Neonatology 2015; 107:34-41. [PMID: 25323947 DOI: 10.1159/000365277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lower margin amplitude (LMA) of the amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is suppressed in neonates during deep sedation, a feature that is attributed to the bispectral index (BIS) in adults. OBJECTIVE We compare the BIS and the LMA of the aEEG in neonates. METHODS Thirty neurologically healthy neonates between 37 and 44 weeks postmenstrual age were included in this study. Twenty patients received sedoanalgesic therapy for various reasons. BIS and aEEG recordings were performed simultaneously. The digital data were imported in the numerical software environment Matlab®. The LMA of the aEEG was computed on a 1-min time scale and synchronized with the BIS data. The correlation between the time-dependent variables BIS and LMA was estimated using the Spearman rank correlation index. RESULTS The median correlation between BIS and LMA was 0.3. Inclusion of recordings of high signal quality only into analysis improved the median correlation index to 0.6. CONCLUSIONS We found a light-to-moderate correlation between BIS and LMA in our study cohort and a good correlation in the subgroup with high signal quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Werther
- Division of Neonatology, Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Prusa AR, Kasper DC, Pollak A, Olischar M, Gleiss A, Hayde M. Amniocentesis for the detection of congenital toxoplasmosis: results from the nationwide Austrian prenatal screening program. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:191.e1-8. [PMID: 25596783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) influences therapeutical management in pregnant women and their offspring. In Austria, a nationwide serological healthcare program to identify potential maternal toxoplasma infections during pregnancy exists. We assessed the clinical use of amniocentesis for toxoplasma-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on amniotic fluid to detect CT. Data on serology, amniocentesis, PCR, complications, treatment, and paediatric clinical outcome were collected retrospectively among the birth cohort 1992-2008. There were 1386 women with amniocentesis, but only in 707 cases (51%) was acute maternal infection confirmed serologically. A high proportion (49%) of amniocenteses with negative PCR results in women with chronic infection or seronegativity were performed without clinical justification for the women or their foetuses. The positive and negative predictive values of PCR were 94.4% and 99.3%, respectively. Thirty-nine foetuses with CT, including four deaths, were reported. The five PCR-negative but infected infants were identified by the serological and clinical follow-up program. Thirty percent of amniocenteses were performed in the third trimester, and gestational age or treatment did not influence PCR sensitivity. Amniocentesis is indicated in women with acute maternal infection, and facilitated targeted therapies in pregnant women and their offspring. In women with late toxoplasma infection, negative amniotic fluid PCR made treatment of infants unnecessary. Serological and clinical follow-up of infants is important to confirm the infection status of the infant. Recommendations, based on our 17-year experience, to improve the current diagnostic strategies and to reduce unnecessary amniocentesis, are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-R Prusa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D C Kasper
- Research Core Unit for Pediatric Biochemistry and Analytics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Olischar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Gleiss
- Centre for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Hayde
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine the incidence of primary gestational infections with Toxoplasma gondii and congenital toxoplasmosis in Austria, a country with a nationwide prenatal serological screening program since 1974. METHODS We analyzed retrospective data from the Austrian Toxoplasmosis Register of pregnant women with Toxoplasma infection and their offspring with births between 1992 and 2008, identified by the prenatal mandatory screening program. Treatment was administered to women from diagnosis of a Toxoplasma infection until delivery. Infected infants were treated up to 1 year of life routinely. Clinical manifestations in infected infants were monitored at least for 1 year and documented in the register. RESULTS The Austrian Toxoplasmosis Register included 2147 pregnant women with suspected Toxoplasma infection. Annually, 8.5 per 10 000 women acquired Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy, and 1.0 per 10 000 infants had congenital toxoplasmosis (13% mean transmission rate). Our data showed that women treated according to the Austrian scheme had a 6-fold decrease in the maternofetal transmission rate compared to women without treatment. CONCLUSIONS Results from the Austrian Toxoplasmosis Register show the efficiency of the prenatal screening program. Our results are of clinical relevance for infants, healthcare systems, and policy makers to consider preventive Toxoplasma screening as a potential tool to reduce the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Kasper
- Research Core Unit for Pediatric Biochemistry and Analytics
| | | | - Andreas Gleiss
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems
| | - Thomas Waldhoer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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18
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Wisgrill L, Schüller S, Bammer M, Berger A, Pollak A, Radke TF, Kögler G, Spittler A, Helmer H, Husslein P, Gortner L. Hematopoietic stem cells in neonates: any differences between very preterm and term neonates? PLoS One 2014; 9:e106717. [PMID: 25181353 PMCID: PMC4152327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the last decades, human full-term cord blood was extensively investigated as a potential source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Despite the growing interest of regenerative therapies in preterm neonates, only little is known about the biological function of HSPCs from early preterm neonates under different perinatal conditions. Therefore, we investigated the concentration, the clonogenic capacity and the influence of obstetric/perinatal complications and maternal history on HSPC subsets in preterm and term cord blood. Methods CD34+ HSPC subsets in UCB of 30 preterm and 30 term infants were evaluated by flow cytometry. Clonogenic assays suitable for detection of the proliferative potential of HSPCs were conducted. Furthermore, we analyzed the clonogenic potential of isolated HSPCs according to the stem cell marker CD133 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Results Preterm cord blood contained a significantly higher concentration of circulating CD34+ HSPCs, especially primitive progenitors, than term cord blood. The clonogenic capacity of HSPCs was enhanced in preterm cord blood. Using univariate analysis, the number and clonogenic potential of circulating UCB HSPCs was influenced by gestational age, birth weight and maternal age. Multivariate analysis showed that main factors that significantly influenced the HSPC count were maternal age, gestational age and white blood cell count. Further, only gestational age significantly influenced the clonogenic potential of UCB HSPCs. Finally, isolated CD34+/CD133+, CD34+/CD133– and ALDHhigh HSPC obtained from preterm cord blood showed a significantly higher clonogenic potential compared to term cord blood. Conclusion We demonstrate that preterm cord blood exhibits a higher HSPC concentration and increased clonogenic capacity compared to term neonates. These data may imply an emerging use of HSPCs in autologous stem cell therapy in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wisgrill
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Schüller
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bammer
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teja Falk Radke
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gesine Kögler
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs & Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanns Helmer
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Husslein
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Gortner
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Kerbl R, Pollak A. Neonatologie. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-014-3147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Grill A, Olischar M, Weber M, Pollak A, Leitich H. Type of delivery onset has a significant impact on post-natal mortality in preterm infants of less than 30 weeks' gestation. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:722-6. [PMID: 24634981 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type of delivery onset is not currently evaluated for its predictive impact. This study explored whether the type of preterm delivery onset was an antenatal predictor for post-natal mortality in preterm infants <30 weeks' gestation and should be included in antenatal counselling. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 1117 preterm infants <30 weeks' gestation born between 1999 and 2008 in a tertiary perinatal referral centre. Study patients were classified into spontaneous or iatrogenic preterm deliveries. Spontaneous deliveries included deliveries after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and preterm labour. The study outcome was infant mortality before discharge from hospital. RESULTS We included 499 patients born after PPROM (44.7%) and 247 born after preterm labour (22.1%). Iatrogenic preterm birth was noted in 282 patients (25.2%) and 89 patients fulfilled both criteria for spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm delivery (8.0%). Babies born after iatrogenic preterm delivery in gestational weeks 25-29 had significantly higher mortality rates. Logistic regression revealed that type of preterm delivery onset was an independent antenatal predictor for post-natal mortality. CONCLUSION Type of preterm delivery onset had a significant impact on post-natal mortality in preterm infants <30 weeks' gestation, with a higher mortality rate after iatrogenic preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grill
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M Olischar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M Weber
- Department of Radiology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - H Leitich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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21
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Saroja SR, Sase A, Kircher SG, Wan J, Berger J, Höger H, Pollak A, Lubec G. Hippocampal proteoglycans brevican and versican are linked to spatial memory of Sprague-Dawley rats in the morris water maze. J Neurochem 2014; 130:797-804. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajinkya Sase
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Susanne G. Kircher
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System; Center for Brain Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Core Unit of Biomedical Research; Division of Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics; Medical University of Vienna; Himberg Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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22
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Subramaniyan S, Heo S, Patil S, Li L, Hoger H, Pollak A, Lubec G. A hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine alpha 7-containing receptor complex is linked to memory retrieval in the multiple-T-maze in C57BL/6j mice. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:137-45. [PMID: 24837029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The link between the cholinergic and serotonergic system in cognitive function is well-documented. There is, however, limited information on spatial memory and this formed the rationale to carry out a study with the aim to show a specific link between nicotinic and serotonergic receptor complexes rather than the corresponding subunits, to spatial memory retrieval in a land maze. A total of 46 mice were used and divided into two groups, trained and untrained (yoked) in the multiple-T-Maze (MTM) and following training during the first four days, probe trials for memory retrieval were performed on days 8, 16 and 30. Six hours following scarification, hippocampi were taken for the analysis of native receptor complex levels using blue-native gels followed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. 5-HT1A-, 5-HT7-, nAChα4- and nACh-α7-containing receptor complexes were observed and were paralleling memory retrievals and receptor complex levels were shown to be significantly different between trained and yoked animals. Only levels of a nicotinic acetylcholine α7 receptor-containing complex at an apparent molecular weight of approximately 480kDa were shown to be linked to memory retrieval on day 8 but not to retrievals on days 16 and 30 when memory extinction has taken place. Correlation between nAChα4-, 5-HT1A- and 5-HT7-containing receptors and latencies on day 16 may point to a probable link in extinction mechanisms. A series of the abovementioned receptor complexes were correlating among each other probably indicating a serotonergic/cholinergic network paralleling spatial memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathi Subramaniyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seok Heo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Hoger
- Abteilung für Labortierkunde und - genetik, Medical University of Vienna, Brauhausgasse 34, A 2325 Himberg, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
In 1966, the National Austrian Newborn Screening Program for inherited metabolic and endocrine disorders was initiated. In the last five decades, around four million babies were screened and in more than 2600 babies, various inborn errors of metabolism and endocrine disorders were detected. This health-preventive program was continuously expanded from phenylketonuria and galactosemia to congenital hypothyroidism, biotinidase deficiency, cystic fibrosis, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In 2002, the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry substantially increased the number of detectable rare diseases, and now includes disorders of fatty acid oxidation, organic acidurias, and various disorders of amino acid metabolism. In this review, we highlight the development of the Austrian screening program, and pinpoint future disorders and challenges.
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Khan D, Fernando P, Cicvaric A, Berger A, Pollak A, Monje FJ, Pollak DD. Long-term effects of maternal immune activation on depression-like behavior in the mouse. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e363. [PMID: 24548878 PMCID: PMC3944633 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mental disease affecting a large population worldwide, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood. Prenatal infection and associated activation of the maternal immune system (MIA) are prominently related to an increased risk for the development of several psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and autism in the offsprings. However, the role of MIA in the etiology of depression and its neurobiological basis are insufficiently investigated. Here we induced MIA in mice by challenge with polyinosinic:polycytidylic phosphate salt-a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, which enhances maternal levels of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6)-and demonstrate a depression-like behavioral phenotype in adult offsprings. Adult offsprings additionally show deficits in cognition and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) accompanied by disturbed proliferation of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus and compromised neuronal maturation and survival. The behavioral, neurogenic and functional deficiencies observed are associated with reduced hippocampal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A-VEGFR2. IL-6-STAT3-dependent aberrant VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling is proposed as neurobiological mechanism mediating the effects of MIA on the developing fetal brain and ensuing consequences in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Khan
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Fernando
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Cicvaric
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F J Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Li L, Csaszar E, Szodorai E, Patil S, Pollak A, Lubec G. The differential hippocampal phosphoproteome of Apodemus sylvaticus paralleling spatial memory retrieval in the Barnes maze. Behav Brain Res 2014; 264:126-34. [PMID: 24509310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a well-known and well-documented mechanism in memory processes. Although a large series of protein kinases involved in memory processes have been reported, information on phosphoproteins is limited. It was therefore the aim of the study to determine a partial and differential phosphoproteome along with the corresponding network in hippocampus of a wild caught mouse strain with excellent performance in several paradigms of spatial memory. Apodemus sylvaticus mice were trained in the Barnes maze, a non-invasive test system for spatial memory and untrained mice served as controls. Animals were sacrificed 6h following memory retrieval, hippocampi were taken, proteins extracted and in-solution digestion was carried out with subsequent iTRAQ double labelling. Phosphopeptides were enriched by a TiO2-based method and semi-quantified using two fragmentation principles on the LTQ-orbitrap Velos. In hippocampi of trained animals phosphopeptide levels representing signalling, neuronal, synaptosomal, cytoskeletal and metabolism proteins were at least twofold reduced or increased. Furthermore, a network revealing a link to pathways of ubiquitination, the androgen receptor, small GTPase Rab5 and MAPK signaling as well as synucleins was constructed. This work is relevant for interpretation of previous work and the design of future studies on protein phosphorylation in spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edina Csaszar
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories GmbH, Mass Spectrometry Facility, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edit Szodorai
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Repa A, Mayerhofer M, Worel N, Cardona F, Deindl P, Pollak A, Berger A, Haiden N. Blood transfusions using 27 gauge PICC lines: a retrospective clinical study on safety and feasibility. Klin Padiatr 2014; 226:3-7. [PMID: 24435791 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusions are required by most extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, but sometimes an adequate peripheral venous access cannot be achieved. Under these circumstances, we used 27 Gauge (G) peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines that are routinely inserted on the second day of life. Due to their narrow lumen, hemolysis of transfused erythrocytes was a major concern. We therefore performed a retrospective study in ELBW infants to analyze the incidence, safety and feasibility of PRBC transfusions via 27 G PICC lines. METHODS ELBW infants admitted from 08/2011-07/2012 were screened for packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions. Those applied via 27 G PICC lines were identified. For analysis of transfusion safety (hemolysis), hemoglobin and potassium levels as well as cardiovascular variables (invasive mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate) were evaluated before and after transfusion. For analysis of transfusion feasibility, catheter removal after transfusion and the reason for removal were recorded. RESULTS A total of 648 transfusions were applied in 110 ELBW infants. 27 infants (24%) received no transfusion. In 12/83 (14.5%) infants who received PRBCs, transfusions were applied using a 27 G PICC line (38/648, 5.9%). Patients who received PRBCs via the PICC line were smaller at birth (582 g [range 380-752 g] vs. 710 g [430-972 g]; 23+6 [23+1-27+6] vs. 26+0 [23+1-31+4]) and required a higher number of PRBC transfusions (n=13 vs. n=5) overall. Transfusion analysis showed an appropriate increase of blood hemoglobin levels and stable potassium levels as well as cardiovascular parameters. 4/38 of PICC lines were removed within 24 h after transfusion, one due to occlusion (15 h after transfusion). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PRBC transfusions via 27 G PICC lines were feasible and performed without signs of hemolysis in ELBW infants. Our findings may help clinicians in the management of ELBW infants requiring transfusions if a peripheral venous access is not achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Repa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - M Mayerhofer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - N Worel
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - F Cardona
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - P Deindl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - A Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - N Haiden
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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Gortner L, Wisgrill L, Schüller S, Berger A, Pollak A, Spittler A. CD34+ Stammzellen im Nabelschnurblut: Vergleich sehr kleine Frühgeborene vs. reife Neugeborene. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1361205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Repa A, Mayerhofer M, Cardona F, Worel N, Deindl P, Pollak A, Berger A, Haiden N. Safety of blood transfusions using 27 gauge neonatal PICC lines: an in vitro study on hemolysis. Klin Padiatr 2013; 225:379-82. [PMID: 24158888 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1355329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Blood transfusions are required by the majority of extremely premature infants. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are usually applied via simple peripheral cannulas. In situations where no peripheral venous access is achievable, 27 Gauge (G) neonatal PICC lines - that are ideally exclusively dedicated to application of parenteral nutrition - may represent a useful alternative access for PRBC transfusions. However, transfusion via small scaled catheters may damage PRBCs and lead to hemolysis. We here evaluate whether transfusion of irradiated PRBCs via 27 G PICC lines leads to hemolysis in vitro.Experimental transfusions of gamma-irradiated PRBCs were performed at increasing velocities (2.5, 3.7, 5 ml/h; full force manual push approximating 30 ml/h) via 27 G PICC lines of 20 and 30 cm length. Parameters of hemolysis (lactate dehydrogenase, potassium and free hemoglobin) were measured from the supernatants of transfused PRBCs and the percentage of hemolysis was calculated.Potassium and lactate dehydrogenase after transfusion at increasing velocities did not differ significantly from negative controls. Free hemoglobin levels showed a small but significant increase at the slowest transfusion speed (2.5 ml/h) using the 30 cm 27 G PICC line, with a relative hemolysis of only 0.13%. A manual push (approximating 30 ml/h) showed no significant changes of parameters from baseline.We conclude that transfusion of gamma-irradiated PRBCs using a 27 G neonatal PICC line does not cause clinically relevant hemolysis in vitro. Clinical studies are needed to confirm the feasibility and safety of the approach in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Repa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - M Mayerhofer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - F Cardona
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - N Worel
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - P Deindl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - A Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - N Haiden
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
An open, non-comparative study was designed to evaluate the safety and tolerance of parenteral piperacillin/tazobactam in very low birth weight infants. Twenty-seven patients were included for nosocomial sepsis with gram-negative bacteria (n = 4), nosocomial sepsis not responding to the empirical antibiotic regimen (n = 3), suspected necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 17), and infection after abdominal surgery for reasons other than necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 3). No clinical adverse events considered related to the study drug were noted, in particular, no cases of phlebitis, rash or stool changes. Several possibly related, mild and transitory abnormalities of laboratory parameters were observed. No long-lasting effect on the intestinal flora was detected. Seventeen patients (63%) were considered to have a favorable clinical response. This study demonstrates that piperacillin/tazobactam is a safe and well tolerated drug for preterm infants with bacterial infections, particularly those involving the gastrointestinal tract. Comparative clinical trials are warranted to further clarify the microbiological efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam in this particular patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berger
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Olischar M, Messerschmidt A, Repa A, Klebermasz-Schrehof K, Weber M, Pollak A, Leitich H. The early prediction of neonatal morbidity and mortality in singleton small for gestational age infants with a birthweight < 1,500 g. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2013; 125:386-92. [PMID: 23817862 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-013-0381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify factors for discrimination of "high" and "low risk" small for gestational age infants. STUDY DESIGN Singleton infants born small for gestational age with a birthweight <1,500 g between 1999 and 2007 were included. Maternal, placental, and infant related factors were analyzed with regard to mortality and morbidity. Patients who died or suffered from complications were defined "high risk" as opposed to "low risk". Parameters associated with "high risk" were identified and an equation established to predict the minimal expected probability to die or suffer from neonatal morbidity. RESULTS Around 231 patients showed a mortality rate of 12.6 %, respiratory distress syndrome in 35.5 %, necrotizing enterocolitis in 8.2 % and neurological morbidities in 6.5 %. Of these, 58.9 % survived without complications. The factors for discrimination of "high" and "low risk" were Z-score of birth weight, gestational age, and pH. CONCLUSION We facilitate prognostication by classifying small for gestational age preterms into "low" and "high risk".
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Olischar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Deindl P, Unterasinger L, Kappler G, Werther T, Czaba C, Giordano V, Frantal S, Berger A, Pollak A, Olischar M. Successful implementation of a neonatal pain and sedation protocol at 2 NICUs. Pediatrics 2013; 132:e211-8. [PMID: 23733799 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the implementation of a neonatal pain and sedation protocol at 2 ICUs. METHODS The intervention started with the evaluation of local practice, problems, and staff satisfaction. We then developed and implemented the Vienna Protocol for Neonatal Pain and Sedation. The protocol included well-defined strategies for both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions based on regular assessment of a translated version of the Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale and titration of analgesic and sedative therapy according to aim scores. Health care staff was trained in the assessment by using a video-based tutorial and bedside teaching. In addition, we performed reevaluation, retraining, and random quality checks. Frequency and quality of assessments, pharmacologic therapy, duration of mechanical ventilation, and outcome were compared between baseline (12 months before implementation) and 12 months after implementation. RESULTS Cumulative median (interquartile range) opiate dose (baseline dose of 1.4 [0.5-5.9] mg/kg versus intervention group dose of 2.7 [0.4-57] mg/kg morphine equivalents; P = .002), pharmacologic interventions per episode of continuous sedation/analgesia (4 [2-10] vs 6 [2-13]; P = .005), and overall staff satisfaction (physicians: 31% vs 89%; P < .001; nurses: 17% vs 55%; P < .001) increased after implementation. Time on mechanical ventilation, length of stay at the ICU, and adverse outcomes were similar before and after implementation. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a neonatal pain and sedation protocol at 2 ICUs resulted in an increase in opiate prescription, pharmacologic interventions, and staff satisfaction without affecting time on mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care stay, and adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Deindl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Intensive Care, and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Vodopiutz J, Zoller H, Fenwick AL, Arnhold R, Schmid M, Prayer D, Müller T, Repa A, Pollak A, Aufricht C, Wilkie AO, Janecke AR. Homozygous SALL1 mutation causes a novel multiple congenital anomaly-mental retardation syndrome. J Pediatr 2013; 162:612-7. [PMID: 23069192 PMCID: PMC3757162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate a novel autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly-mental retardation (MCA-MR) syndrome in 2 female siblings of a consanguineous pedigree and to identify the disease-causing mutation. STUDY DESIGN Both siblings were clinically characterized and homozygosity mapping and sequencing of candidate genes were applied. The contribution of nonsense-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) decay to the expression of mutant mRNA in fibroblasts of a healthy carrier and a control was studied by pyrosequencing. RESULTS We identified the first homozygous SALL1 mutation, c.3160C > T (p.R1054*), in 2 female siblings presenting with multiple congenital anomalies, central nervous system defects, cortical blindness, and absence of psychomotor development (ie, a novel recognizable, autosomal recessive MCA-MR). The mutant SALL1 transcript partially undergoes nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and is present at 43% of the normal transcript level in the fibroblasts of a healthy carrier. CONCLUSION Previously heterozygous SALL1 mutations and deletions have been associated with dominantly inherited anal-renal-radial-ear developmental anomalies. We identified an allelic recessive SALL1-related MCA-MR. Our findings imply that quantity and quality of SALL1 transcript are important for SALL1 function and determine phenotype, and mode of inheritance, of allelic SALL1-related disorders. This novel MCA-MR emphasizes SALL1 function as critical for normal central nervous system development and warrants a detailed neurologic investigation in all individuals with SALL1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vodopiutz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Medicine II Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aimée L. Fenwick
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Arnhold
- Pathologisch-Bakteriologisches Institut, Danube Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Max Schmid
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Repa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Aufricht
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew O.M. Wilkie
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas R. Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria,Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Schüller SS, Sadeghi K, Wisgrill L, Dangl A, Diesner SC, Prusa AR, Klebermasz-Schrehof K, Greber-Platzer S, Neumüller J, Helmer H, Husslein P, Pollak A, Spittler A, Förster-Waldl E. Preterm neonates display altered plasmacytoid dendritic cell function and morphology. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:781-8. [PMID: 23401600 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1011525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral infections cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in premature newborns. In the setting of viral infection, pDCs play a key role as strong producers of IFN-α upon TLR9 activation. We analyzed pDC frequency, phenotype, morphology, and function in CB of preterm and term newborns in comparison with adults. Whereas all age groups show similar pDC numbers, BDCA-2, CD123, and TLR9 levels, the expression of BDCA-4 and capacity to produce IFN-α upon TLR9 challenge were decreased significantly in preterm neonates. Furthermore, we show by means of electron microscopy that pDCs from preterm newborns exhibit a distinct, "immature" morphology. Taken together, these findings suggest decreased functionality of pDCs in the premature newborn. The reduced capacity to produce IFN-α is likely to render such infants more susceptible to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Schüller
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Prusa AR, Kasper DC, Olischar M, Husslein P, Pollak A, Hayde M. Evaluation of serological prenatal screening to detect Toxoplasma gondii infections in Austria. Neonatology 2013; 103:27-34. [PMID: 23018152 DOI: 10.1159/000342625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Austria, a nationally mandated prenatal serological congenital toxoplasmosis screening program was introduced in 1974 in response to a high incidence of 7.8 per 1,000 infected infants. Maternal prenatal recognition of acute gestational infection and early treatment of infants with congenital infection are important because prenatal and accurate postnatal antibiotic therapy improves the outcomes of infected infants. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of additional maternal and/or fetal cord blood serology at birth on improving current prenatal maternal screening in detecting congenital toxoplasmosis. METHODS In this prospective observational study, 5,545 consecutive women were included over a 19-month period. Routine prenatal maternal toxoplasmosis serology screening was performed along with additional cord blood serology screening at delivery. Fetal cord blood serology included Sabin-Feldman dye and IgM immunosorbent agglutination assay testing. RESULTS Based on the initial prenatal maternal screening serology results, there was evidence of a prior chronic infection manifest in 1,830 (33.0%) women and 3,708 (66.9%) were not infected. Seven (0.13%) were diagnosed with acute toxoplasma infection based on seroconversion. Of these, 4 manifested transmission, and 3 did not. Of the seven infected women, routine prenatal maternal screening identified acute infection in only 2 of the women, 1 of whom had an infected fetus with abnormal prenatal ultrasound. Fetal cord blood serology screening identified an additional 5 women, 3 with infected fetuses. CONCLUSIONS Identification of Toxoplasma gondii infection by prenatal maternal serological testing is significantly improved by the addition of maternal and/or fetal serological testing at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea-Romana Prusa
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tendl KA, Christoph J, Bohn A, Herkner KR, Pollak A, Prusa AR. Two site evaluation of the performance of a new generation point-of-care glucose meter for use in a neonatal intensive care unit. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:1747-54. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kasper DC, Altiok I, Mechtler TP, Böhm J, Straub J, Langgartner M, Pollak A, Herkner KR, Berger A. Molecular detection of late-onset neonatal sepsis in premature infants using small blood volumes: proof-of-concept. Neonatology 2013; 103:268-73. [PMID: 23485823 DOI: 10.1159/000346365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional blood culture is still the gold standard for sepsis diagnosis but results are not immediately available and pathogens are only detected in approximately 25% of cases. New molecular assays for the detection of blood stream pathogens are promising diagnostic tools. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to adapt and evaluate a multiplex PCR system using 100 µl blood. - METHODS 46 blood specimens of very low birth weight infants (818 ± 242 g) with suspected sepsis were analyzed using the Roche SeptiFast MGRADE PCR with a modified DNA extraction protocol and software handling tool for decreased blood volume requirements. RESULTS In the non-infected group, 5/21 infants had a positive PCR result with coagulase-negative staphylococci. All pathogens detected in the blood culture positive group (n = 15) were also detected by PCR. In addition, 4/6 patients had a positive PCR result in the clinical sepsis group (clinical and laboratory signs of sepsis but negative blood culture). Overall, the PCR was demonstrated to have a higher sensitivity (90.5%; 95%CI 68.2-98.3%) in comparison to blood culture (71.4%; 95%CI 47.7-87.8%) including clinical sepsis cases, even though it had a lower specificity (80.0%; 95%CI 58.7-92.4% versus 100.0%; 95%CI 83.4-100.0%). CONCLUSIONS These first data demonstrate the usability and potential benefit of this multiplex PCR using a modified DNA extraction for the rapid detection of nosocomial sepsis in preterm infants in addition to blood culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Kasper
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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37
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Bae N, Yang JW, Sitte H, Pollak A, Marquez J, Lubec G. An electrophoretic approach to screen for glutamine deamidation. Anal Biochem 2012; 428:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Diesner SC, Olivera A, Dillahunt S, Schultz C, Watzlawek T, Förster-Waldl E, Pollak A, Jensen-Jarolim E, Untersmayr E, Rivera J. Corrigendum to “Sphingosine-kinase 1 and 2 contribute to oral sensitization and effector phase in a mouse model of food allergy” [Immunol. Lett. 141 (2) (2012) 210–219]. Immunol Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bae N, Lödl M, Pollak A, Lubec G. Mass spectrometrical analysis of bilin-binding protein from the wing of Hebomoia glaucippe (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1787-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narkhyun Bae
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - Martin Lödl
- Naturhistorisches Museum Wien; Vienna; Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
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Abstract
The immune system early in life is characterized by immature activation and function of immune cells and a preponderance of Th2 cytokines. Together with other factors such as genetics and epigenetics, these immature immune responses might prone newborns susceptible to severe infections as well as allergic diseases. Immunomodulation therapy may have potential as therapeutic strategy against those disorders and might have implication in early-life interventions in the future. In this review, we will focus on two immunomodulatory substance classes, Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and sphingolipids, which are the focus of extensive research to date. Both TLRs and sphingolipid receptors have a very distinct distribution pattern and function on immune cells. Therefore, they can potentially modulate and balance immune responses, which might be in particular beneficial for the immaturity of the immune response early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C Diesner
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
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Falsafi SK, Deli A, Höger H, Pollak A, Lubec G. Scopolamine administration modulates muscarinic, nicotinic and NMDA receptor systems. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32082. [PMID: 22384146 PMCID: PMC3285663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effect of scopolamine on memory are abundant but so far only regulation of the muscarinic receptor (M1) has been reported. We hypothesized that levels of other cholinergic brain receptors as the nicotinic receptors and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, known to be involved in memory formation, would be modified by scopolamine administration. C57BL/6J mice were used for the experiments and divided into four groups. Two groups were given scopolamine 1 mg/kg i.p. (the first group was trained and the second group untrained) in the multiple T-maze (MTM), a paradigm for evaluation of spatial memory. Likewise, vehicle-treated mice were trained or untrained thus serving as controls. Hippocampal levels of M1, nicotinic receptor alpha 4 (Nic4) and 7 (Nic7) and subunit NR1containing complexes were determined by immunoblotting on blue native gel electrophoresis. Vehicle-treated trained mice learned the task and showed memory retrieval on day 8, while scopolamine-treatment led to significant impairment of performance in the MTM. At the day of retrieval, hippocampal levels for M1, Nic7 and NR1 were higher in the scopolamine treated groups than in vehicle-treated groups. The concerted action, i.e. the pattern of four brain receptor complexes regulated by the anticholinergic compound scopolamine, is shown. Insight into probable action mechanisms of scopolamine at the brain receptor complex level in the hippocampus is provided. Scopolamine treatment is a standard approach to test cognitive enhancers and other psychoactive compounds in pharmacological studies and therefore knowledge on mechanisms is of pivotal interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alev Deli
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Core Unit of Biomedical Research, Division of Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Ghafari M, Höger H, Keihan Falsafi S, Russo-Schlaff N, Pollak A, Lubec G. Mass Spectrometrical Identification of Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Subunits NR1, NR2A–D and Five Novel Phosphorylation Sites on NR2A and NR2B. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:1891-6. [DOI: 10.1021/pr201099u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghafari
- Department
of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel
18; 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Core Unit of Biomedical Research,
Division of Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Brauhausgasse 34, A-2325 Himberg,
Austria
| | - Soheil Keihan Falsafi
- Department
of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel
18; 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Russo-Schlaff
- Department
of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel
18; 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department
of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel
18; 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department
of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel
18; 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Mechtler TP, Stary S, Metz TF, De Jesús VR, Greber-Platzer S, Pollak A, Herkner KR, Streubel B, Kasper DC. Neonatal screening for lysosomal storage disorders: feasibility and incidence from a nationwide study in Austria. Lancet 2012; 379:335-41. [PMID: 22133539 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest in neonatal screening for lysosomal storage disorders has increased substantially because of newly developed enzyme replacement therapies, the need for early diagnosis, and technical advances. We tested for Gaucher's disease, Pompe's disease, Fabry's disease, and Niemann-Pick disease types A and B in an anonymous prospective nationwide screening study that included genetic mutation analysis to assess the practicality and appropriateness of including these disorders in neonatal screening panels. METHODS Specimens from dried blood spots of 34,736 newborn babies were collected consecutively from January, 2010 to July, 2010, as part of the national routine Austrian newborn screening programme. Anonymised samples were analysed for enzyme activities of acid β-glucocerebrosidase, α-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, and acid sphingomyelinase by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Genetic mutation analyses were done in samples with suspected enzyme deficiency. FINDINGS All 34,736 samples were analysed successfully by the multiplex screening assay. Low enzyme activities were detected in 38 babies. Mutation analysis confirmed lysosomal storage disorders in 15 of them. The most frequent mutations were found for Fabry's disease (1 per 3859 births), followed by Pompe's disease (1 per 8684), and Gaucher's disease (1 per 17,368). The positive predictive values were 32% (95% CI 16-52), 80% (28-99), and 50% (7-93), respectively. Mutational analysis detected predominantly missense mutations associated with a late-onset phenotype. INTERPRETATION The combined overall proportion of infants carrying a mutation for lysosomal storage disorders was higher than expected. Neonatal screening for lysosomal storage disorders is likely to raise challenges for primary health-care providers. Furthermore, the high frequency of late-onset mutations makes lysosomal storage disorders a broad health problem beyond childhood. FUNDING Austrian Ministry of Health, Family, and Women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Mechtler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Deli A, Schipany K, Rosner M, Höger H, Pollak A, Li L, Hengstschläger M, Lubec G. Blocking mTORC1 activity by rapamycin leads to impairment of spatial memory retrieval but not acquisition in C57BL/6J mice. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:320-4. [PMID: 22306200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the involvement of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) system in memory processes has been reported, information on the effect of rapamycin on spatial learning and memory is limited. It was therefore the aim of the study to show the effect of parenteral rapamycin administration to C57BL/6J mice on performance in the multiple T-maze (MTM) and to determine hippocampal mTOR activity. Rapamycin-treated and -untreated/trained/probed mice are the main part of the experiment considering retrieval and acquisition or consolidation of spatial memory. Six hours following euthanasia hippocampi were extirpated and used for evaluation of mTOR activity as represented by hippocampal levels of S6 protein and its phosphorylated active form (phospho S6 protein, S240,244), a read out of mTOR complex 1 activity. Mice given i.p. rapamycin learned the task of the MTM but failed at the probe trial, showing absence of the phosphorylated active form of S6 protein, indicating inhibition of mTOR activity. Herein, impairing effects of rapamycin on retrieval but not on acquisition or consolidation of spatial memory are shown. Deficient memory retrieval was paralleled by inhibition of mTOR complex 1 activity. The current study extends knowledge on rapamycin in memory mechanisms and challenges work on deeper insights into the role of mTOR in different phases of memory formation and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Deli
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Falsafi SK, Ghafari M, Pollak A, Höger H, Lubec G. Hippocampal AMPA-type receptor complexes containing GluR3 and GluR4 are paralleling training in the Multiple T-Maze. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:425-30. [PMID: 22269807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well-known that AMPA receptors are involved in spatial learning and memory, published data on GluR3 and GluR4 are limited. Moreover, there is no information about GluR3 and GluR4 receptor complex levels in spatial memory training. It was therefore the aim of the study to determine the above-mentioned receptor levels following training in the Multiple T-Maze (MTM). Results from the MTM and hippocampal membrane proteins from C57BL/6J mice were taken from an own previous study and GluR3 and GluR4 receptor complexes were run on blue native gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and quantification of bands. Subsequently, GluR3 and GluR4 were identified under denaturing conditions from two-dimensional gels by mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS). Hippocampal levels of GluR3 containing complexes (apparent molecular weight between 480 and 720) were decreased while GluR4 containing complexes (apparent molecular weight between 480 and 720) were increased. GluR4 complex levels in trained mice were correlating with latency and speed. Mass spectrometry unambiguously identified the two receptor subunits. The findings show that GluR3 and GluR4 may have different functions in the processes of spatial memory training in the MTM and indeed, different neurobiological functions of the two receptor subunits have been already reported. GluR3 and GluR4 receptor complex rather than subunit levels are paralleling training in the MTM and GluR4 complex levels were even linked to memory training, which may be of relevance for understanding molecular memory processes, interpretation of previous work or for design of future AMPA receptor studies.
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Kirchner L, Wald M, Jeitler V, Pollak A. In vitro comparison of noise levels produced by different CPAP generators. Neonatology 2012; 101:95-100. [PMID: 21934335 DOI: 10.1159/000329558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minimization of noise exposure is an important aim of modern neonatal intensive care medicine. Binasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) generators are among the most important sources of continuous noise in neonatal wards. The aim of this study was to find out which CPAP generator creates the least noise. METHOD In an experimental setup, two jet CPAP generators (Infant Flow® generator and MediJet®) and two conventional CPAP generators (Bubble CPAP® and Baby Flow®) were compared. Noise production was measured in decibels in an A-weighted scale [dB(A)] in a closed incubator at 2 mm lateral distance from the end of the nasal prongs. Reproduction of constant airway pressure and air leak was achieved by closure of the nasal prongs with a type of adhesive tape that is semipermeable to air. RESULTS The noise levels produced by the four generators were significantly different (p < 0.001). Values measured at a continuous constant flow rate of 8 l/min averaged 83 dB(A) for the Infant Flow® generator with or without sound absorber, 72 dB(A) for the MediJet®, 62 dB(A) for the Bubble CPAP® and 55 dB(A) for the Baby Flow®. CONCLUSION Conventional CPAP generators work more quietly than the currently available jet CPAP generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Kirchner
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Weitzdoerfer R, Pollak A. The very low-birthweight infant. Hamdan Med J 2012. [DOI: 10.7707/hmj.v5i3.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Diesner SC, Untersmayr E, Oostingh GJ, Selzle K, Pfaller T, Schultz C, Zhang Y, Krishnamurthy D, Starkl P, Knittelfelder R, Förster-Waldl E, Pollak A, Scheiner O, Pöschl U, Jensen-Jarolim E, Duschl A. Nitration of ovalbumin decreases the risk for sensitization via the oral route in a mouse food allergy model. Clin Transl Allergy 2011. [PMCID: PMC3354108 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-1-s1-o49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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49
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Bae N, Lödl M, Pollak A, Lubec G. Mass spectrometrical analysis of cuticular proteins from the wing of Hebemoia glaucippe (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). J Proteomics 2011; 75:517-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Linduska N, Messerschmidt A, Dekan S, Brugger PC, Weber M, Pollak A, Prayer D. Placental magnetic resonance imaging in monochorionic twin pregnancies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 25:1419-22. [PMID: 22070182 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.636106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe complication of monochorionic pregnancies. Placental hydrops might be a marker for TTTS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether differences in the placental parenchyma due to TTTS can be seen with fetal MRI. METHODS In a retrospective study, 34 monochorionic pregnancies were investigated on a 1.5 Tesla MR. Seventeen pregnancies were affected by TTTS, and 17 showed no clinical signs of TTTS. Placental maturation and vascular pathologies, as well as the extent of the placental findings and allocation of placental tissue to each twin, were investigated. Placental findings were reported for origin, size, maturation, and placental thickness, and were correlated with the presence of TTTS. RESULTS All placentas affected by TTTS showed abnormal maturation on MR scans, but only 64.7% of the non-TTTS group (p = 0.018). Vascular placental pathologies did not differ significantly between the TTTS and non-TTTS group. CONCLUSIONS MR-signs of placental maturity in monochorionic twin pregnancies may indicate a lower risk of development of TTTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Linduska
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria.
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