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Eliassen M, Arntzen C, Forslund L, Nikolaisen M, Alexandersson P, Gramstad A, Hellström A. Action researchers as "orchestrators" of co-innovation: a theoretical and methodological framework. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:445. [PMID: 38594647 PMCID: PMC11005182 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing complexity of health care services, more comprehensive and integrated services need to be designed. Action researchers are encouraged to facilitate multiactor participation and user-centered approaches to initiate service development. However, "orchestrating" co-innovation, in which actors have diverse attitudes, agendas, positions of power, and horizons of understanding, is challenging, and a framework that supports action researchers in co-innovation studies lack. The purpose of this article was to explore how action researchers can facilitate multiactor engagement and handle possible challenges and stimulate creativity among diverse stakeholders. METHODS We have studied and discussed two Scandinavian cases of rehabilitation innovation (for cancer patients and persons with acquired brain injury) where two research teams with action research approaches have acted in an orchestrating role to create co-innovation. RESULTS We identified four themes that are essential for action researchers to facilitate collaborative and creative co-innovation processes: (1) relational power reflexibility, (2) resource integration, (3) joint understanding, and (4) the facilitation of creativity. These mutually dependent themes constitute a theoretical and methodological framework for of co-innovation. CONCLUSIONS This paper offers a contribution that supports action researchers in orchestrating diverse actors and their contributions in co-innovation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Eliassen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, Tromsø, 9037, Norway.
| | - Cathrine Arntzen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
- Division of rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Lina Forslund
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Morten Nikolaisen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Patrik Alexandersson
- Centre for Healthcare Improvement (CHI), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Andreas Hellström
- Centre for Healthcare Improvement (CHI), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
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Tannoubi A, Mørk G, Stigen L, Gramstad A, Magne TA, Carstensen T, Bonsaksen T. Occupational Therapy students' Concepts of Learning: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations With Deep, Strategic, and Surface Study Approaches. Occup Ther Health Care 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38469736 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2024.2325073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to gain knowledge about the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between learning concepts and approaches to studying among occupational therapy students. A repeated cross-sectional design was combined with a longitudinal study design. Self-report questionnaires assessed sociodemographic variables, learning concepts, and approaches to studying (deep/strategic/surface). Linear regression analyses (n ranging between 109 and 193 in the analyses) showed that higher transforming concept ratings were consistently associated with higher ratings on the deep study approach, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Higher reproducing concept ratings were positively associated with higher strategic approach ratings in the second and third study years. In view of the results, students' understanding of what learning is impacts on their study attitudes and behaviors, which in turn is likely to influence learning outcomes and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amayra Tannoubi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of El Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Research Unit: Sports Science, Health and Movement, UR22JS01, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Gry Mørk
- Department of Health, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Linda Stigen
- Department of Health Sciences in Gjøvik, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Department of health and care sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trine Alise Magne
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Trondheim Municipality, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tove Carstensen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Nikolaisen M, Arntzen C, Eliassen M, Gramstad A. Rehabilitation models for community integration of adults with acquired brain injury in rural areas: a scoping review. Rural Remote Health 2024; 24:8281. [PMID: 38502969 DOI: 10.22605/rrh8281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community integration (CI) is recognised as an overarching goal for the rehabilitation of individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). However, adults with less severe ABI often experience a lack of support when they return home after discharge from hospital or inpatient rehabilitation, despite having persistent impairments and ongoing needs. Individuals living in rural areas are even less likely to receive adequate support during this period, which is often marked by challenges and uncertainty. This review aims to map and explore the research literature to identify existing models for rehabilitation service provision aimed at promoting the CI of home-dwelling adults with ABI living in rural areas. METHODS A scoping review of the research literature was conducted. The study followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. The databases searched were MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar. No limitations were set for the study design, time of publication, or country of origin, but only literature in English, Danish, Norwegian, or Swedish was considered for inclusion. RESULTS Twenty-seven articles were included. All of them originated from four Western and predominantly English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US. A thematic analysis identified six model categories that reflect different strategies for providing rehabilitation that promote CI in adults with ABI in rural areas. Sorting the model categories into micro (individual, interpersonal), meso (organisational, community), and macro (policy, society) levels highlighted that most of the included literature concentrates on microlevel issues at the individual or interpersonal level. Microlevel model categories encompass self-management and education, the use of navigators, and the incorporation of everyday life activities into rehabilitation. Far fewer articles addressed mesolevel issues such as service development in rural areas or the development of inclusive rural communities, and only a single article addressed policy development at the macro level. CONCLUSION The relatively low number of included articles and limited geographical distribution of studies indicate that more research is needed on rehabilitation models aimed at promoting CI in adults with ABI in rural areas. Although we identified several existing approaches to rehabilitation service provision in rural areas, there is still a need to develop models that fully consider the complexity and long-term nature of CI after ABI. The results also demonstrate that CI in rural areas not only is dependent on professional service delivery aimed at the individual with ABI but also can be promoted by supporting significant others, developing inclusive communities, and improving policies. More knowledge on such issues may facilitate a wider reorganisation of care systems to enhance the CI of adults with ABI in rural areas. However, this will require more research with a wider scope than microlevel service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nikolaisen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cathrine Arntzen
- Division of Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marianne Eliassen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Dinesen TA, Blix BH, Gramstad A. Professional strategies in upper secondary school dropout management among youth in the Sami areas of Norway: a focus group study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2198112. [PMID: 37014958 PMCID: PMC10075505 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2198112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The upper secondary school dropout rate is a challenge in many western countries, and measures have been taken to prevent dropout. The dropout rate in Norway is stable but is the highest among the northernmost counties. The aim of this study is to explore the strategies employed by upper secondary school teachers and their collaborators to prevent dropout from upper secondary school among Sami youth in northern Norway. This study is based on three focus group interviews with teachers, advisers, nurses, and counsellors in the Sami areas of northern Norway. The thematic analysis identified two main strategies, namely tracking the student and giving the student time. A transparent environments, cultural competence, and interdisciplinary collaboration were identified as prerequisites for successfully implementing the two strategies to prevent dropout from upper secondary school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone Aashild Dinesen
- Department of Social Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Harstad, Norway
| | - Bodil H Blix
- Department of health and care sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway
- Department of education, arts and sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Department of health and care sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway
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Forslund L, Arntzen C, Nikolaisen M, Gramstad A, Eliassen M. Physiotherapy as part of collaborative and person-centered rehabilitation services: the social systems constraining an innovative practice. Physiother Theory Pract 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37676077 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2255893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A person-centered and collaborative practice is considered crucial in contemporary physiotherapy. These ideals are often embraced in theory but are difficult to put into practice. As problems and solutions are related, understanding and refining theory on practical problems can close the knowing-doing gap and link the problem to the development of possible solutions. OBJECTIVE To explore the challenges with providing physiotherapy as part of collaborative and person-centered rehabilitation services. METHODS This article reports on an all-day interactive workshop with eight focus group discussions where physiotherapists from six different professional settings participated. We draw on theories of institutional logics to interpret the results. RESULTS Challenges were linked to: 1) Professional level: Services being based on what the profession can offer - not on users' needs; 2) Organizational level: Rewarding efficiency instead of user outcomes; and 3) System level: Not knowing the other service providers involved or what they are doing. CONCLUSION An innovative practice was constrained by multilevel social systems: the professional logic shaping the perceived professional scope, the organizational logic shaping the understanding of what was expected in the organizational context, and a system logic within a biomedical paradigm. Transforming and transcending these social systems is needed to realize collaborative and person-centered practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Forslund
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromsø, Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cathrine Arntzen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromsø, Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Center for Care Sciences, North, University of Tromsø, Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Morten Nikolaisen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromsø, Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Center for Care Sciences, North, University of Tromsø, Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromsø, Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marianne Eliassen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromsø, Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Eliassen M, Arntzen C, Nikolaisen M, Gramstad A. Rehabilitation models that support transitions from hospital to home for people with acquired brain injury (ABI): a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:814. [PMID: 37525270 PMCID: PMC10388520 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows a lack of continuity in service provision during the transition from hospital to home for people with acquired brain injuries (ABI). There is a need to gather and synthesize knowledge about services that can support strategies for more standardized referral and services supporting this critical transition phase for patients with ABI. We aimed to identify how rehabilitation models that support the transition phase from hospital to home for these patients are described in the research literature and to discuss the content of these models. METHODS We based our review on the "Arksey and O`Malley framework" for scoping reviews. The review considered all study designs, including qualitative and quantitative methodologies. We extracted data of service model descriptions and presented the results in a narrative summary. RESULTS A total of 3975 studies were reviewed, and 73 were included. Five categories were identified: (1) multidisciplinary home-based teams, (2) key coordinators, (3) trained family caregivers or lay health workers, (4) predischarge planning, and (5) self-management programs. In general, the studies lack in-depth professional and contextual descriptions. CONCLUSIONS There is a wide variety of rehabilitation models that support the transition phase from hospital to home for people with ABI. The variety may indicate a lack of consensus of best practices. However, it may also reflect contextual adaptations. This study indicates that health care service research lacks robust and thorough descriptions of contextual features, which may limit the feasibility and transferability to diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Eliassen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway.
| | - Cathrine Arntzen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
- Center for Care Sciences, North, University of Tromsø, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Morten Nikolaisen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
- Center for Care Sciences, North, University of Tromsø, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
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Bonsaksen T, Horghagen S, Arntzen C, Gramstad A, Stigen L. Job Satisfaction among Occupational Therapists Employed in Primary Care Services in Norway. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5062. [PMID: 36981971 PMCID: PMC10049391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aging population will place healthcare services under considerable strain in the years ahead. Occupational therapists play a vital role in securing sustainable healthcare services and are increasingly employed by municipalities. To promote sustainable services, the job satisfaction among core professional groups needs monitoring. A comprehensive cross-sectional survey was distributed among municipality-employed occupational therapists in Norway during May-June 2022, to which 617 responded. Job satisfaction was assessed with the Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS), and factors associated with job satisfaction were assessed with linear regression analysis. The mean JSS score in the sample was 51.4. The regression model explained 14.4% of the variance in job satisfaction scores. Having more work experience as an occupational therapist (β = 0.16, p = 0.02) and having higher perceived influence on the work unit's goals (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) were significantly related to higher job satisfaction. The study implies that job satisfaction in the occupational therapy profession increases with years of experience and also with the ability to engage with and influence the larger work environment. Thus, to promote job satisfaction, occupational therapists should seek to engage not only with their own work at hand but also with the larger goals and strategies of the organization they work for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418 Elverum, Norway
- Department of Health, VID Specialized University, 4024 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sissel Horghagen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cathrine Arntzen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Care Research, North, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Care Research, North, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linda Stigen
- Department of Health Sciences Gjøvik, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2802 Gjøvik, Norway
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Mørk G, Stigen L, Gramstad A, Magne TA, Carstensen T, Bonsaksen T. Stable and unstable associations between learning environment factors and study approaches: two consecutive cross-sectional analyses of Norwegian occupational therapy students. Learn Environ Res 2022; 26:539-554. [PMID: 36590087 PMCID: PMC9789368 DOI: 10.1007/s10984-022-09445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between learning environment variables and students' approaches to studying have been investigated from many points of view over the last decades. However, few studies have explored whether such relationships are stable over time. In the two consecutive cross-sectional analyses performed in this study, Norwegian occupational therapy students' perceptions of their learning environment and their approaches to studying were assessed in the second (162 students) and third (193 students) year of their study program. Aside from sociodemographic information, the students completed the Course Experience Questionnaire and the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students, with the aim of exploring whether associations between learning environment variables and study approaches were stable across time. The data were analyzed with hierarchical linear regression analyses. Relatively stable associations with students' study approaches were found for the learning environment variables of 'generic skills' and 'appropriate workload'. The learning environment variables of 'clear goals and standards' and 'student autonomy' were directly associated with study approaches in both study years, but the nature of the associations shifted during the study period. Thus, knowledge of stability and change in these relationships could assist faculty in promoting a well-functioning learning environment throughout the study program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Mørk
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Linda Stigen
- Faculty of Health and Function, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway
- Centre for Care Research North, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Trine A. Magne
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tove Carstensen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Martinsen B, Norlyk A, Gramstad A. What Makes Dependency on Homecare Bearable? A Phenomenological Study. West J Nurs Res 2022; 45:388-394. [PMID: 36333891 DOI: 10.1177/01939459221135325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Becoming dependent on homecare in old age is a radical life change that requires complex adaption. The purpose of this study was to explore the existential dimension of being dependent on homecare with a particular focus on what makes dependency bearable. In total, 15 older people living in Denmark or Norway were interviewed using a phenomenological approach. The material was analyzed employing Max van Manen’s meaning-giving approach coined “Phenomenology of practice.” During the analysis, four themes emerged: pure acceptance of an inevitable situation, acting independently as much as possible, negotiating to receive good care, and gratitude toward caring caregivers. The results point to a need for respectful and individualized homecare leveling out the subordinate position in which dependency on homecare tends to place older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Martinsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Nursing and Healthcare, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annelise Norlyk
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Nursing and Healthcare, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway & Centre for Care Research, Tromso, Norway
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Andersson S, Hestad K, Johannessen D, Okkenhaug I, Gramstad A, Andreassen O, Lanneskog A, Sørensen B, Bøen E, Boldingh M, Aamodt A, Boye B. Subjective cognitive complaints and neuropsychological performance at six months post COVID-19. J Psychosom Res 2022. [PMCID: PMC9133832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Edvardsen EE, Dalseth EF, Johnson SG, Stigen L, Mørk G, Magne TA, Gramstad A, Småstuen MC, Bonsaksen T. Occupational therapy students’ preferences for teaching and course design across a three-year undergraduate education program. IJOT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijot-03-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Understanding students’ preferences for teaching and course design is important for educators in higher education when planning courses and teaching activities. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in occupational therapy students’ preferences for teaching and courses across the three-year study program.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 263 students participated in a longitudinal study, where preferences were measured with the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students. The data were analyzed with linear mixed effect models for repeated measures.
Findings
The results indicated no significant changes in preferences for courses and teaching over the three-year period. Also, there were no significant differences between the six involved study programs. Preferences for the courses and teaching type “supporting understanding” were associated with higher age and higher study effort. Preferences for the courses and teaching type “transmitting information” were associated with lower age and female gender.
Originality/value
In summary, the findings of this study suggest that preferences for teaching and courses are stable and may be challenging to alter during a three-year undergraduate study program.
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Stigen L, Mørk G, Carstensen T, Magne TA, Gramstad A, Johnson SG, Småstuen MC, Bonsaksen T. Perceptions of the academic learning environment among occupational therapy students - changes across a three-year undergraduate study program. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:313. [PMID: 35468788 PMCID: PMC9040257 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the learning environment influences students' motivation, learning outcomes, and satisfaction with the study program, less is known about how these factors change as the students' progress through the study program. AIM The aim of this study was to examine changes in occupational therapy students' perceptions of the academic learning environment during their three-year study program and to examine factors associated with the students' perceptions of the learning environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted throughout the three-year study program. Data were collected annually using the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). In total, 263 students from six occupational therapy programs participated in at least one data gathering point. The number of participants was 186 in the first year, 168 in the second year and 200 in the third year. Of the 263 students who participated in the study, 87 participated in only one point of data collection, 58 at two points and 118 at all three points of the data collection. Data were analyzed with linear mixed models. RESULTS The results showed statistically significant temporal changes on the "Emphasis on independence", "Good teaching" and "Generic skills" scales. There was a significant decrease in scores from the first to the second year of study and the scores remained at this level in the third study year on both the "Emphasis on independence" and "Good teaching" scales. In addition, associations were found between study effort and educational institution related to the "Appropriate workload" scale, as well as between age and the "Generic skills" scale. CONCLUSION The temporal changes of the students' perceptions of the "Emphasis on independence" as well as "Good teaching" scales are noteworthy. Both scales indicated a significant decrease in scores, indicating that the students perceived that they were less independent from first to second and third year, as well as a perceived decline in the quality of teaching from first to second and third year. The results of this study are central when planning to facilitate learning, especially related to independence and perceptions of good teaching for students in occupational therapy programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Stigen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway.
| | - Gry Mørk
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Tove Carstensen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine A Magne
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- UiT - The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Care Research North, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Susanne G Johnson
- Department of Health and Social Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Milada C Småstuen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Bonsaksen T, Magne TA, Stigen L, Gramstad A, Åsli L, Mørk G, Johnson SG, Carstensen T. Associations between occupational therapy students' academic performance and their study approaches and perceptions of the learning environment. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:496. [PMID: 34537041 PMCID: PMC8449916 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships between students' academic performance and their employed study approaches have been studied extensively. However, research using study approaches and learning environment factors as concurrent predictors of academic performance is sparse. There is a need to disentangle the potentially interrelated influences of individual and contextual factors on students' academic performance. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to increase the understanding of the associations between occupational therapy students' academic performance, and their approaches to studying, perceptions of the learning environment, and sociodemographic characteristics. METHOD A cross-sectional study was designed, and 174 first-year students completed the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students and the Course Experience Questionnaire, in addition to background information. Data on grades were collected from the data registries of each education institution, and associations were analyzed by multiple linear regression. RESULTS None of the learning environment scales were associated with grades. Adjusting for all variables, better exam results were associated with being female (β = 0.22, p < 0.01) and having higher scores on strategic approach (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) and lower scores on surface approach (β = -0.20, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The study suggests that students with a desire for obtaining good grades ought to use strategic study behaviors and avoid using surface approach behaviors. While it is important to ensure good quality of the learning environment for a variety of reasons, the learning environment did not contribute significantly to explain the students' academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Science, Elverum, Norway.
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - T A Magne
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L Stigen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - A Gramstad
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for care research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L Åsli
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - G Mørk
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
| | - S G Johnson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of health and function, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Carstensen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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14
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DaLomba E, Gramstad A, Johnson SG, Carstensen T, Stigen L, Mørk G, Magne TA, Bonsaksen T. Predictors of students' participation in a learning environment survey with annual follow-ups. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253773. [PMID: 34170940 PMCID: PMC8232400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal research is one effective way to gauge changes in a student cohort over time, however attrition in these studies is typically high, which can result in study bias. This study explored learning environment factors, approaches to studying, and academic performance as predictors of occupational therapy students' consistent participation in data collection conducted over three years of their professional program. METHOD A longitudinal study of Norwegian occupational therapy students (analyzed n = 240) was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore occupational therapy students' perceptions of the learning environment, their approaches to studying, and exam grades as they related to the likelihood of consistent participation at three annual surveys. RESULTS Annual response rates varied between 55.1%, and 65.6%, and consistent participation was observed among 49.2%. The fully adjusted regression models showed that higher strategic approach scores increased the odds of consistent participation (adjusted OR: 1.04, p < 0.01), whereas higher surface approach scores decreased the odds of consistent participation (adjusted OR: 0.95, p < 0.05). Neither sociodemographic factors, learning environment factors nor academic performance predicted participation over time. CONCLUSIONS Researchers can anticipate relatively high levels of attrition in longitudinal studies of occupational therapy students, but attrition seems to be largely proportional between groups. However, completers in longitudinal studies may be somewhat more well-organized and academically oriented than drop-outs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaina DaLomba
- Occupational Therapy Department, Samuel Merritt University, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Care Research, North, North Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne G. Johnson
- Department of Health and Social Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tove Carstensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda Stigen
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Gry Mørk
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Trine A. Magne
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- * E-mail:
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15
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Maass R, Bonsaksen T, Gramstad A, Sveen U, Stigen L, Arntzen C, Horghagen S. Factors Associated with the Establishment of New Occupational Therapist Positions in Norwegian Municipalities after the Coordination Reform. Health Serv Insights 2021; 14:1178632921994908. [PMID: 33795934 PMCID: PMC7970166 DOI: 10.1177/1178632921994908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-based occupational therapy is an increasingly important domain of work for occupational therapists. In Norway, this has been emphasized by the Coordination reform (2012), which assigned municipalities increased responsibility to protect and promote the health of their inhabitants. However, even if approximately 400 positions have been established between 2012 and 2017, little is known whether they have contributed to increased and/or more equal coverage across municipalities. To explore this matter, survey data was gathered among members of the Norwegian Occupational Therapy Association during 2017. Data was analyzed statistically (descriptive, comparative and associative) with SPSS 25. Results suggest large regional variations in the establishment of new positions. Moreover, most new positions were established in medium-sized municipalities that already had (an) occupational therapist(s) in the community. Number of prior positions, as well as being in the process of merging with another municipality were the only significant predictors for the establishment of new positions during regression analysis. Findings suggest that no levelling-out of geographical distributions of OT-coverage has occurred, even if new positions might have contributed to level-out workload (number-of-patients-per-therapist). Further, we discuss implications of our findings for policy-making and recruitment of Occupational Therapists for rural positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruca Maass
- Departement of Nevromedicine and
Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of
Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Departement of Health and Nursing
Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied
Science, Elverum, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Departement for Health and Care
Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
- Center for Care Research, North
| | - Unni Sveen
- Departement for Occupational Therapy
Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University,
Norway
| | - Linda Stigen
- Departement of Health Sciences, Gjøvik,
Faculty for Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and
Technology, Norway
| | - Cathrine Arntzen
- Departement for Health and Care
Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
- Center for Care Research, North
| | - Sissel Horghagen
- Departement of Nevromedicine and
Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of
Science and Technology, Norway
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16
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Thordardottir B, Stigen L, Magne TA, Johnson SG, Gramstad A, Gran AW, Åsli LA, Mørk G, Bonsaksen T. Student perceptions of the learning environment in Norwegian occupational therapy education programs. Scand J Occup Ther 2020; 29:25-32. [PMID: 33043764 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1831058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To support students' motivation towards constructive and persistent study efforts, their learning environment needs attention. AIM To develop knowledge about occupational therapy students' perceptions of the learning environment and assess whether identified differences between education programs were stable or changed across the 3 years of study. METHODS Norwegian occupational therapy students completed the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) while in their first, second, and third years of study. Differences between programs were analysed with multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. RESULTS Among the first-year students, perceptions of the learning environment differed significantly between the six programs on five out of six scales. Apart from a continued difference on overall study satisfaction, the initial differences were no longer significant 1 year later. Differences on three scales (emphasis on independence, appropriate workload, and generic skills) were present in the third year of study. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Students' perceptions of the learning environment became more similar over time, during the first 2 years of study, possibly reflecting that the students have become more accustomed to the student role and to the culture and requirements of the education programs. However, differences between study sites re-occurring in the third year suggest that group-based comparisons of learning environment perceptions across time may be inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björg Thordardottir
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Stigen
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Trine A Magne
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Susanne G Johnson
- Department of Health and Function, Bachelor in Occupational Therapy, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre for Care Research, North, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Adrian W Gran
- Department of Health and Function, Bachelor in Occupational Therapy, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lene A Åsli
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gry Mørk
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway.,Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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17
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Thørrisen MM, Mørk G, Åsli LA, Gramstad A, Stigen L, Magne TA, Carstensen T, Johnson SG, Brown T, Lim HB, Fong KNK, Bonsaksen T. Student characteristics associated with dominant approaches to studying: Comparing a national and an international sample. Scand J Occup Ther 2020; 29:13-24. [PMID: 33043750 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1831056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Productive approaches to studying (deep and strategic learning) are associated with a variety of favourable academic outcomes, and may be of particular importance for students in multifaceted and complex disciplines such as occupational therapy. AIM To explore associations between student characteristics and their dominant approaches to studying in two samples of occupational therapy students: a national sample of Norwegian first-year students, and an international sample of students in different year cohorts (Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore and Norway). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 180 (national sample) and 665 (international sample) students were included in the study. Approaches to studying were measured with the Approaches to Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). Data were analyzed with adjusted multinomial regression analyses. RESULTS Age, gender and prior higher education were not associated with the dominant study approach. More time spent on independent study (international sample: OR = 1.07/1.08, p < 0.01/<0.001) and having current study program as the top priority line of education at enrolment (national sample: OR = 2.89, p < 0.05) predicted productive study approaches. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Factors such as age, gender and prior higher education seem to be of limited importance for understanding students' dominant approaches to studying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel M Thørrisen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gry Mørk
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Lene A Åsli
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre for Care Research, North, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linda Stigen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Trine A Magne
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tove Carstensen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Susanne G Johnson
- Department of Health and Function, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ted Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Peninsula Campus, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Hua B Lim
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth N K Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway.,Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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18
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DaLomba E, Stigen L, Johnson SG, Mørk G, Gramstad A, Magne TA, Carstensen T, Åsli LA, Bonsaksen T. Psychometric properties and associations between subscales of a study approach measure. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 22:941-948. [PMID: 32537830 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to (i) confirm the factor structure of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) in the current sample of undergraduate occupational therapy students and (ii) explore the pattern of associations between the 13 ASSIST subscales. Occupational therapy students (n = 171) across Norway completed the ASSIST. A three-factor structure was confirmed. Several positive associations were found between the deep and strategic approach subscales, whereas several surface approach subscales were negatively associated with the deep and strategic approach subscales. In conclusion, the study showed that the Norwegian ASSIST has a well-functioning three-factor structure in line with its theoretical underpinnings, and it can therefore readily be adopted as a study process measure in Norwegian occupational therapy education programs. In view of the associations between subscales, there is support for a higher-order concept of "productive" study approaches that encompasses both deep and strategic behaviors. The analysis of associations also suggests that students demonstrating unproductive study behaviors may need guidance and intervention that extends beyond the first detected problematic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaina DaLomba
- Occupational Therapy Department, Samuel Merritt University, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Linda Stigen
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Susanne G Johnson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Function, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gry Mørk
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre for Care Research North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trine A Magne
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tove Carstensen
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lene A Åsli
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Thygesen H, Gramstad A, Åsli LA, Stigen L, Magne TA, Carstensen T, Bonsaksen T. Associations between learning environment factors and student satisfaction among occupational therapy students. IJOT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijot-10-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Student satisfaction is an important indicator of educational quality in higher education institutions. Learning environment factors are assumed to play a role in determining student satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to examine the intrinsic relationships between five learning environment scales embedded within one measure; and examine the associations between each of these scales and an overall measure of education program satisfaction.
Design/methodology/approach
In this cross-sectional study, 175 first-year occupational therapy students in Norway completed sociodemographic information and the Course Experience Questionnaire. The data were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient r and with linear regression.
Findings
All intrinsic associations between the learning environment scales were positive. In the adjusted analysis, higher education program satisfaction was significantly associated with higher scores on “clear goals and standards,” “emphasis on independence” and “good teaching.” The final model accounted for 45.0% of the outcome variance, of which the scores on the learning environment scales contributed 41.8%.
Originality/value
The learning environment is vital for student satisfaction. More specifically, efforts to improve student satisfaction may include strengthening student-focused teaching, strengthening the autonomy of the students, and ensuring that the goals and standards of courses are clear and easy to understand.
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20
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Mørk G, Magne TA, Carstensen T, Stigen L, Åsli LA, Gramstad A, Johnson SG, Bonsaksen T. Associations between learning environment variables and students' approaches to studying: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:120. [PMID: 32312267 PMCID: PMC7171764 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspects of the learning environment may be related to students` approaches to studying, but few studies have investigated these relationships in the context of occupational therapy education. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between occupational therapy students' perceptions of the learning environment and their approaches to studying. METHOD One hundred eighty-seven first-year occupational therapy students in Norway (response rate 61.3%) participated in this study. Aside from sociodemographic information, the students completed the Course Experience Questionnaire and the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students. Associations between learning environment variables and study approaches were investigated with hierarchical linear regression analyses. RESULTS Higher scores on Generic skills were associated with higher scores on the deep and strategic approach scales (β ranging 0.18-0.51), while lower scores were associated with higher surface approach scale scores (β = - 0.24). Lower scores on Clear goals and standards and Appropriate workload were associated with higher surface approach scores (β ranging - 0.16 - -0.42). CONCLUSION By improving aspects of the learning environment, there may be a potential for influencing occupational therapy students' approaches to studying. Based on this study, emphasizing how generic skills developed in the study program may become useful in practising a profession, ensuring clarity of goals and standards, and maintaining an appropriate workload on students appear to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Mørk
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Trine A Magne
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tove Carstensen
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda Stigen
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Lene A Åsli
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Astrid Gramstad
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Care Research, North, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Susanne G Johnson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of health and function, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Sandnes, Norway.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
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21
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Power KN, Gramstad A, Gilhus NE, Hufthammer KO, Engelsen BA. Cognitive dysfunction after generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus in adults. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:417-424. [PMID: 29333611 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus (GTC-SE) is considered a risk for cognitive impairment. Research with standardized tools is scarce and non-conclusive. We systematically assessed short-term and long-term cognitive function after GTC-SE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three patients were tested after the clinical post-ictal phase of GTC-SE (timepoint 1) and again after 1 year (timepoint 2). Twenty controls were examined with the same tests. Tests from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery were used. Motor screening test (MOT) assessed motor speed, delayed matching to sample (DMS) and paired associates learning (PAL) assessed memory, and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) assessed executive function. Estimated premorbid IQ and radiologically visible brain lesions were controlled for in adjusted results. Outcome measures were z-scores, the number of standard deviations a score deviates from the mean of a norm population. RESULTS At timepoint 1, unadjusted patient results were significantly below both norm and control group performances on all subtests. Patient mean was 1.9 z-scores below controls (P < .001) on PAL total errors. Results remained significant for PAL and DMS after adjustments. Patient results improved at timepoint 2, but memory tests remained lower than norms and for controls. An executive dysfunction emerged on the most complex SOC stage (z-score difference -0.83; P = .008, adjusted difference -0.94; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Memory and learning impairment in the early phase after SE and late developing executive dysfunction remained significant after adjusting for estimated premorbid IQ and pre-SE brain lesions. Results suggest that GTC-SE poses a risk for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. N Power
- Department of Neurology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1); Section for Neurology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - A. Gramstad
- Department of Neurology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - N. E. Gilhus
- Department of Neurology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1); Section for Neurology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - K. O. Hufthammer
- Centre for Clinical Research; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - B. A. Engelsen
- Department of Neurology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1); Section for Neurology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
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22
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Power K, Gramstad A, Gilhus N, Engelsen B. Response to ‘Outcome prediction and reporting in nonconvulsive status epilepticus’. Seizure 2015; 33:100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Gramstad A, Storli SL, Hamran T. Deciding to apply for, receiving and starting to use assistive technology devices - an enigmatic journey: - A qualitative study of the experiences of older individuals. Stud Health Technol Inform 2015; 217:567-572. [PMID: 26294529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Gramstad
- Department of health and care sciences, Faculty of health sciences, UiT The artic university of Norway
| | - Sissel Lisa Storli
- Department of health and care sciences, Faculty of health sciences, UiT The artic university of Norway
| | - Torunn Hamran
- Department of health and care sciences, Faculty of health sciences, UiT The artic university of Norway
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24
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Gramstad A. Occupational therapy research on technology in Scandinavia. A research proposal. Stud Health Technol Inform 2015; 217:969-973. [PMID: 26294594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Gramstad
- Department of health and care sciences, Faculty of health sciences, UiT The artic university of Norway
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Researching the outcomes of assistive technology devices (ATDs) for older clients is important to facilitate clinical decision-making. However, to understand the outcomes associated with ATDs, one must investigate the users' experiences and acknowledge the user as an active participant in diverse social contexts. PURPOSE To enhance understanding of the users' perspective regarding ATDs, this study aimed to investigate the meaning of the ATD for older individuals still living in their home environment. METHODS To provide descriptions of ATD experiences, older individuals who received a new ATD to compensate for their challenges in moving around, assist in self-care or both were recruited for the study. Participants were interviewed twice, with a few months between interviews, about their experience in using their new ATD. The interview transcripts were analyzed in a hermeneutical-phenomenological research approach. RESULTS The analysis revealed three recurring themes associated with the description of ATD experiences: "enabling performance and choice", "transformation from requiring assistance to assisting others", and "preparing for the future". CONCLUSION The results show that ATDs are used to enhance competence, mastery, control, self-worth, hope, and preparedness. The ATD service delivery should be client-centered and the client should be acknowledged as an active participant in producing change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Gramstad
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø , Tromsø , Norway and
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Gramstad A, Storli SL, Hamran T. Older individuals' experiences during the assistive technology device service delivery process. Scand J Occup Ther 2014; 21:305-12. [DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2013.877070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gramstad A, Storli SL, Hamran T. “Do I need it? Do I really need it?” Elderly peoples experiences of unmet assistive technology device needs. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2012; 8:287-93. [DOI: 10.3109/17483107.2012.699993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rekand T, Gramstad A, Vedeler CA. Fatigue, pain and muscle weakness are frequent after Guillain-Barré syndrome and poliomyelitis. J Neurol 2009; 256:349-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-0018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gramstad A, Iversen E, Engelsen BA. The impact of affectivity dispositions, self-efficacy and locus of control on psychosocial adjustment in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2001; 46:53-61. [PMID: 11395289 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-1211(01)00261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main hypothesis of this study was that negative and positive affectivity, self-efficacy and health-related locus of control are important for psychosocial adjustment in patients with epilepsy. These dimensions are rarely examined directly in relation to the psychosocial adjustment in these patients. Correlations between measures of these constructs and measures of psychosocial adjustment in epilepsy were investigated. One hundred and one patients answered the Washington psychosocial seizure inventory (WPSI), the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS-X), the multidimensional health locus of control scales (MHLC), the generalized self-efficacy scale and a scale measuring self-efficacy in epilepsy. Reliability analyses, correlational analyses and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed. Negative affectivity (NA), positive affectivity (PA) and generalized self-efficacy showed high correlations with the WPSI scales emotional adjustment, overall psychosocial adjustment and quality of life. The epilepsy self-efficacy measures showed high, but lower correlations with the same WPSI scales. The MHLC scales showed low correlations with the WPSI scales. Multiple regression analyses showed that PA, NA and measures of self-efficacy explained more than 50% of the variances on emotional adjustment, overall psychosocial functioning and quality of life. In conclusion, positive and negative affectivity and self-efficacy are important predictors of perceived emotional adjustment, psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in patients with epilepsy. NA is the best predictor, but PA and self-efficacy measures give unique predictions independent of NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gramstad
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
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