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Moon DS, Chung US, Kwack YS, Kim BN, Kang NR. Analyzing Co-Occurrence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury With Suicidal Ideation and Related Factors Among Adolescents in Jeju Island. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2024; 35:119-126. [PMID: 38601107 PMCID: PMC11001503 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.230054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior, including suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts, are important predictors of suicide in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the associations between NSSI, SI, NSSI+SI, mental health problems, and family factors in Korean adolescents in Jeju Island, with an emphasis on key findings. Methods A total of 561 adolescents completed self-report questionnaires regarding demographics, NSSI, SI, suicidal behavior, perceived family functioning, and mental health problems, which were assessed using Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, Screen for Children Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED), and Youth Self-Report (YSR). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, post-hoc analyses, and multivariate logistic regression. Results In this study, 22.3% of adolescents reported either NSSI or SI, with 5.5% reporting NSSI and 20.7% reporting SI. Combined (NSSI+SI) group showed a significantly higher SCARED score, anxiety/depression, thought problems, attention problem, and rule breaking on YSR than did the SI only group. Higher level of depression and anxiety were significantly associated with NSSI and SI. Female sex and perceived family dissatisfaction were significantly associated factors for SI, but not for NSSI in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion This study provides insights into the clinical characteristics and associated factors among adolescents with NSSI, SI, and NSSI+SI in Jeju Island. Identifying these results can inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of these behaviors and contribute to a better understanding of the role of family in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Soo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Un-Sun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Children’s Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Sook Kwack
- Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Ri Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Yoon N, Kim S, Oh MR, Kim M, Lee JM, Kim BN. Intrinsic network abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder: an independent component analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:1-14. [PMID: 38324235 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant intrinsic brain networks are consistently observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. However, studies examining the strength of functional connectivity across brain regions have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the functional connectivity of the resting brain in children with low-functioning autism, including during the early developmental stages. We explored the functional connectivity of 43 children with autism spectrum disorder and 54 children with typical development aged 2 to 12 years using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. We used independent component analysis to classify the brain regions into six intrinsic networks and analyzed the functional connectivity within each network. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between functional connectivity and clinical scores. In children with autism, the under-connectivities were observed within several brain networks, including the cognitive control, default mode, visual, and somatomotor networks. In contrast, we found over-connectivities between the subcortical, visual, and somatomotor networks in children with autism compared with children with typical development. Moderate effect sizes were observed in entire networks (Cohen's d = 0.43-0.77). These network alterations were significantly correlated with clinical scores such as the communication sub-score (r = - 0.442, p = 0.045) and the calibrated severity score (r = - 0.435, p = 0.049) of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. These opposing results observed based on the brain areas suggest that aberrant neurodevelopment proceeds in various ways depending on the functional brain regions in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Yoon
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohui Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mee Rim Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Sanhak-kisulkwan Bldg., #319, 222 Wangsipri-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee HJ, Lee YJ, Lim YH, Kim HY, Kim BN, Kim JI, Cho YM, Hong YC, Shin CH, Lee YA. Relationship of bisphenol A substitutes bisphenol F and bisphenol S with adiponectin/leptin ratio among children from the environment and development of children cohort. Environ Int 2024; 185:108564. [PMID: 38467088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is known as an obesogenic endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol S (BPS) and F (BPF) are substitutes that have recently replaced BPA. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships of urinary bisphenols (BPA, BPS and BPF) with adiposity measurements (obesity, BMI z-score, and fat mass), serum adipokine levels (adiponectin and leptin), and adiponectin/leptin ratio (A/L ratio) in 6- and 8-year-old children. METHODS A total of 561 children who participated in the Environment and Development of Children cohort (482 and 516 children visited at age 6 and 8, respectively) at Seoul National University Children's Hospital during 2015-2019 were included. Urinary BPA levels were log-transformed. BPS levels were categorized into three groups (non-detected, lower-half, and higher-half of detected), and BPF levels were classified into two groups (non-detected and detected). RESULTS The urinary BPS higher-half group had a higher BMI z-score (β = 0.160, P= 0.044), higher fat mass (β = 0.104, P< 0.001), lower adiponectin concentration (β =- 0.069, P< 0.001), higher leptin concentration (β = 0.360, P< 0.001), and lower A/L ratio (β =- 0.428, P< 0.001) compared with the non-detected group. The urinary BPF-detected group had a higher fat mass (β = 0.074, P< 0.001), lower adiponectin concentration (β =- 0.069, P< 0.001), higher leptin concentration (β = 0.360, P< 0.001), and lower A/L ratio (β =- 0.428, P< 0.001) compared with the non-detected group. The BPA levels showed no consistent associations with outcomes, except for isolated associations of BPA at age 6 with a higher BMI z-score at age 6 (P= 0.016) and leptin at age 8 (P= 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Increased exposure to BPS and BPF is associated with higher fat mass and leptin concentration, lower serum adiponectin, and lower A/L ratio in children. These findings suggest potential adverse effects of BPA substitutes on adiposity and adipokines. No consistent association of BPA exposure with outcomes could be partly explained by the decreasing BPA levels over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Cho
- Department of Nano Chemical and Biological Engineering, SeoKyeong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kwon SY, Seo G, Jang M, Shin H, Choi W, Lim YB, Shin MS, Kim BN. The Effect of Mobile Neurofeedback Training in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2024; 22:67-78. [PMID: 38247413 PMCID: PMC10811401 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective : To examine the effect of mobile neurofeedback training on the clinical symptoms, attention abilities, and execution functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : The participants were 74 children with ADHD aged 8-15 years who visited the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Seoul National University Children's Hospital. The participants were randomly assigned to the mobile neurofeedback (n = 35) or control (sham; n = 39) group. Neurofeedback training was administered using a mobile app (equipped with a headset with a 2-channel electroencephalogram [EEG] sensor) for 30 min/day, 3 days/week, for 3 months. Children with ADHD were individually administered various neuropsychological tests, including the continuous performance test, Children's Color Trails Test-1 and 2, and Stroop Color and Word Tests. The effects of mobile neurofeedback were evaluated at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after treatment initiation. Results : Following treatment, both mobile neurofeedback-only and sham-only groups showed significant improvements in attention and response inhibition. In the visual continuous performance test, omission errors decreased to the normal range in the mobile neurofeedback-only group after training, suggesting that mobile neurofeedback effectively reduced inattention in children with ADHD. In the advanced test of attention, auditory response times decreased in the mobile neurofeedback + medication group after training, but increased in the sham+medication group. Overall, there were no significant between-group differences in other performance outcomes. Conclusion : Mobile neurofeedback may have potential as an additional therapeutic option alongside medication for children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Kwon
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyujin Seo
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirae Jang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbyul Shin
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooseok Choi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Bin Lim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Sup Shin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kim BN, Ahn JS. History of the Task Force for the Korean Clinical Guidelines of the Developmental Disorders. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2024; 35:4-7. [PMID: 38204744 PMCID: PMC10774561 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.230017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Under the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Republic of Korea, the National Autism and Developmental Disorder Centers for people with developmental disabilities are gradually expanding. The headquarters of the National Autism and Developmental Disorder Center provides support for education, training, and research, and several centers have been effectively operating since 2020. This study aimed to provide practical recommendations and guidelines for specialists such as clinical psychologists, child psychiatrists, allied professionals, community workers, and related administrators. It was developed as a guideline to promote early diagnosis, provide important information on integrated treatment, and assist people with developmental disabilities in Korea to make the best decisions for their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joung-Sook Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Kim Y, Kim BN, Kim Y. Multifaceted Approach to Addressing Problem Behaviors in Developmentally Challenged Children. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2024; 35:44-50. [PMID: 38204742 PMCID: PMC10774552 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.230018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often encounter unique challenges when attempting to understand their children's challenging behaviors such as self-injury, aggression, noncompliance, and stereotypies. In this study, we aimed to analyze and clarify the definition of challenging behaviors in individuals with ASD, identify the variables associated with challenging behaviors, and determine the function of these behaviors. Systematic observation and data collection are crucial to understand the functions of specific behaviors exhibited by individuals with ASD based on their antecedents and consequences. Knowledge regarding these will enable clinicians to develop and implement effective interventions. Additionally, the treatment approach should aim for generalization to improve the quality of lives of both children with ASD and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yearin Kim
- National Autism and Developmental Disorder Center, Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital Institute of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee YJ, Choi YH, Lim YH, Kim BN, Kim JI, Hong YC, Park YJ, Shin CH, Cho SW, Lee YA. Effects of iodine status on thyroid volume and goiter in children living in an iodine-replete area. Eur Thyroid J 2023; 12:e230219. [PMID: 37992286 PMCID: PMC10762586 DOI: 10.1530/etj-23-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Adequate iodine intake is essential for growing children, and thyroid volume (Tvol) is considered as an indicator of iodine status. We investigated Tvol and goiter using ultrasonography (US) and their association with iodine status in 228 6-year-old children living in Korea. Methods Iodine status was assessed using urine iodine concentration (UIC) and categorized as deficient (<100 μg/L), adequate (100-299 μg/L), mild excess (300-499 μg/L), moderate excess (500-999 μg/L), and severe excess (≥1000 μg/L). Tvol was measured using US, and a goiter on the US (goiter-US) was defined as Tvol greater than 97th percentile value by age- and body surface area (BSA)-specific international references. Results The median Tvol was 2.4 mL, larger than the international reference value (1.6 mL). The age- and BSA-specific goiter-US rates were 25.9% (n = 59) and 34.6% (n = 79), respectively. The prevalence of excess iodine was 73.7% (n = 168). As iodine status increased from adequate to severe excess, the goiter-US rate significantly increased (P for trend <0.05). The moderate and severe iodine excess groups showed higher risk of goiter-US (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.1-9.2) and aOR = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.2-8.3), respectively; age-specific criteria) than the iodine-adequate group. Conclusions Excess iodine was prevalent in Korean children, and their Tvol was higher than the international reference values. Goiter rate was associated with iodine excess, which significantly increased in the moderate and severe iodine excess groups. Further studies are warranted to define optimal iodine intake in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang CM, Shin J, Kim JI, Lim YB, Park SH, Kim BN. Classifying Children with ADHD Based on Prefrontal Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy Using Machine Learning. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2023; 21:693-700. [PMID: 37859442 PMCID: PMC10591175 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.22.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adults characterized by cognitive and emotional self-control deficiencies. Previous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies found significant group differences between ADHD children and healthy controls during cognitive flexibility tasks in several brain regions. This study aims to apply a machine learning approach to identify medication-naive ADHD patients and healthy control (HC) groups using task-based fNIRS data. Methods : fNIRS signals from 33 ADHD children and 39 HC during the Stroop task were analyzed. In addition, regularized linear discriminant analysis (RLDA) was used to identify ADHD individuals from healthy controls, and classification performance was evaluated. Results : We found that participants can be correctly classified in RLDA leave-one-out cross validation, with a sensitivity of 0.67, specificity of 0.93, and accuracy of 0.82. Conclusion : RLDA using only fNIRS data can effectively discriminate children with ADHD from HC. This study suggests the potential utility of the fNIRS signal as a diagnostic biomarker for ADHD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Mo Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Shin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | | | - You Bin Lim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Do R, Kim S, Lim YB, Kim SJ, Kwon H, Kim JM, Lee S, Kim BN. Korean adolescents' coping strategies on self-harm, ADHD, insomnia during COVID-19: text mining of social media big data. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1192123. [PMID: 38034911 PMCID: PMC10686066 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1192123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), public safety measures, including social distancing and school closures, have been implemented, precipitating psychological difficulties and heightened online activities for adolescents. However, studies examining the impact of the pandemic on adolescent mental health and their coping strategies in Asian countries are limited. Further, most studies have used survey measures to capture mental health challenges so far. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the psychological challenges South Korean adolescents experienced and their coping strategies during the pandemic using the Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Text mining (TM) technique on adolescents' social media texts/posts. Methods The data were gathered from social media texts/posts such as online communities, Twitter, and personal blogs from January 1, 2019, to October 31, 2021. The 12,520,250 texts containing keywords related to adolescents' common psychological difficulties reported during the pandemic, including self-harm, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD), and insomnia, were analyzed by TM, NLP using information extraction, co-occurrence and sentiment analysis. The monthly frequency of the keywords and their associated words was also analyzed to understand the time trend. Results Adolescents used the word "self-harm" in their social media texts more frequently during the second wave of COVID-19 (August to September 2020). "Friends" was the most associated word with "self-harm." While the frequency of texts with "Insomnia" stayed constant throughout the pandemic, the word "ADHD" was increasingly mentioned in social media. ADHD and insomnia were most frequently associated with ADHD medications and sleeping pills, respectively. Friends were generally associated with positive words, while parents were associated with negative words. Conclusion During COVID-19, Korean adolescents often expressed their psychological challenges on social media platforms. However, their coping strategies seemed less efficient to help with their difficulties, warranting strategies to support them in the prolonged pandemic era. For example, Korean adolescents shared psychological challenges such as self-harm with friends rather than their parents. They considered using medicine (e.g., sleeping pills and ADHD medication) as coping strategies for sleep and attention problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryemi Do
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
| | - You Bin Lim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sooyeon Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Min B, Park H, Kim JI, Lee S, Back S, Lee E, Oh S, Yun JY, Kim BN, Kim Y, Hwang J, Lee S, Kim JH. The Effectiveness of a Neurofeedback-Assisted Mindfulness Training Program Using a Mobile App on Stress Reduction in Employees: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023; 11:e42851. [PMID: 37788060 PMCID: PMC10582822 DOI: 10.2196/42851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based training programs have consistently shown efficacy in stress reduction. However, questions regarding the optimal duration and most effective delivery methods remain. OBJECTIVE This research explores a 4-week neurofeedback-assisted mindfulness training for employees via a mobile app. The study's core query is whether incorporating neurofeedback can amplify the benefits on stress reduction and related metrics compared with conventional mindfulness training. METHODS A total of 92 full-time employees were randomized into 3 groups: group 1 received mobile mindfulness training with neurofeedback assistance (n=29, mean age 39.72 years); group 2 received mobile mindfulness training without neurofeedback (n=32, mean age 37.66 years); and group 3 were given self-learning paper materials on stress management during their first visit (n=31, mean age 38.65 years). The primary outcomes were perceived stress and resilience scales. The secondary outcomes were mindfulness awareness, emotional labor, occupational stress, insomnia, and depression. Heart rate variability and electroencephalography were measured for physiological outcomes. These measurements were collected at 3 different times, namely, at baseline, immediately after training, and at a 4-week follow-up. The generalized estimating equation model was used for data analysis. RESULTS The 4-week program showed significant stress reduction (Wald χ22=107.167, P<.001) and improvements in psychological indices including resilience, emotional labor, insomnia, and depression. A significant interaction was observed in resilience (time × group, Wald χ42=10.846, P=.02). The post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant difference between groups 1 (least squares mean [LSM] 21.62, SE 0.55) and 3 (LSM 19.90, SE 0.61) at the posttraining assessment (P=.008). Group 1 showed a significant improvement (P<.001) at the posttraining assessment, with continued improvements through the 1-month follow-up assessment period (LSM 21.55, SE 0.61). Physiological indices were analyzed only for data of 67 participants (22 in group 1, 22 in group 2, and 23 in group 3) due to the data quality. The relaxation index (ratio of alpha to high beta power) from the right electroencephalography channel showed a significant interaction (time × group, Wald χ22=6.947, P=.03), with group 1 revealing the highest improvement (LSM 0.43, SE 0.15) compared with groups 2 (LSM -0.11, SE 0.10) and 3 (LSM 0.12, SE 0.10) at the 1-month follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that the neurofeedback-assisted group achieved superior outcomes in resilience and relaxation during the 4-week mobile mindfulness program. Further research with larger samples and long-term follow-up is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03787407; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03787407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjun Min
- Department of Public Health Medical Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Heyeon Park
- Liberal Arts College, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Back
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhwa Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Medical Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Moon DS, Yoo JH, Son JW, Bahn GH, Park MH, Kim BN, Yoo HJ. A Survey on the Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Implications for Growth and Development. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2023; 34:229-235. [PMID: 37841487 PMCID: PMC10568189 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.230035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess the status of the Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JKACAP) and propose measures for its growth and development. Methods The study was conducted using a questionnaire survey targeting members of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The six key elements analyzed were Access to the journal, Convenience following conversion to English, Recognition as an international journal and institutional achievements, Author perspectives on manuscript submission,Transition to an online-only journal, and Content and identity of the journal. Results The survey revealed that email notification was highly effective for Journal Accessibility, with the website and search engines also frequently being used by members. Conversion to English in 2018 initially impacted readability and submission rates, but these concerns have decreased over time. However, the Recognition of JKACAP as an international academic journal was still not on par with SCIE journals, highlighting the need for further efforts towards SCIE inclusion. Despite these challenges and limited research opportunities, there was an active intention among members to submit manuscripts. Respondents showed a notable preference for the Transition to an online-only journal. Regarding content and identity of the JKACAP, members predominantly favored review articles and perceived the journal as a research and communication platform for Korean child and adolescent psychiatrists. Conclusion The results indicate the need for JKACAP to enhance its digital accessibility, provide more support for domestic and international authors, and actively seek SCIE indexing. Addressing the varied content preferences of its members, improving the submission process, and transitioning to an online-only format could further its growth and solidify its position as an internationally recognized academic journal in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Soo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Son
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Geon Ho Bahn
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Yoo
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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12
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Kim JI, Kim BN, Lee YA, Shin CH, Hong YC, Døssing LD, Hildebrandt G, Lim YH. Association between early-childhood exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and ADHD symptoms: A prospective cohort study. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:163081. [PMID: 36972880 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Previous studies have focused on prenatal exposure to PFAS, and only few studies have examined the associations of early-childhood exposure, especially at low exposure levels. This study explored the association between early-childhood exposure to PFAS and ADHD symptoms later in childhood. In 521 children, we measured the serum levels of six PFAS in peripheral blood at the ages of 2 and 4 years, including perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluornonanoicacid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The ADHD Rating Scale IV (ARS) was utilized to measure ADHD traits at 8 years of age. We explored the relationship between PFAS and ARS scores using Poisson regression models after adjusting for potential confounders. Levels of exposure to individual PFAS and the summed value were divided into quartiles to examine possible nonlinear relationships. All six PFAS exhibited inverted U-shaped curves. Children in the 2nd and 3rd quartile levels of each PFAS showed higher ARS scores than those in the1st quartile level. Below the 3rd quartile of the summed levels of six PFAS (ΣPFAS), a doubling of the ΣPFAS was associated with an 20.0 % (95 % CI: 9.5 %, 31.5 %) increase in ADHD scores. However, at the age of 4 years, none of the evaluated PFAS exhibited linear or nonlinear associations with the ARS scores. Thus, school-aged children may be vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of exposure to PFAS at age 2 that contribute to ADHD, particularly at low to mid-levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seondong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Lise Dalgaard Døssing
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oster Farmagsgade 5, 1014 Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Gustav Hildebrandt
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oster Farmagsgade 5, 1014 Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oster Farmagsgade 5, 1014 Kobenhavn, Denmark.
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13
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Jeon S, Park JE, Do YH, Santos R, Lee SM, Kim BN, Cheong JH, Kim Y. Atomoxetine and Fluoxetine Activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 Pathway in Human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG Cells. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:212-219. [PMID: 36990664 PMCID: PMC10064201 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atomoxetine and fluoxetine are psychopharmacologic agents associated with loss of appetite and weight. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular energy sensor that regulate metabolism and energy, being activated by fasting and inhibited by feeding in the hypothalamus. METHODS Human brain cell lines (SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells) were used to study the outcome of atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the activity of AMPK-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)- carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) pathway and upstream regulation by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) using immunoblotting and CPT1 enzymatic activity measures. RESULTS Phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC increased significantly after atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the first 30-60 minutes of treatment in the two cell lines. Activation of AMPK and inhibition of ACC was associated with an increase by 5-fold of mitochondrial CPT1 activity. Although the neuronal isoform CPT1C could be detected by immunoblotting, activity was not changed by the drug treatments. In addition, the increase in phospho-AMPK and phospho-ACC expression induced by atomoxetine was abolished by treatment with STO-609, a CaMKKβ inhibitor, indicating that AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway is activated through CaMKKβ phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that at the cellular level atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatments may activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathways through CaMKKβ in human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhee Jeon
- Center for Glocal Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Do
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Renata Santos
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Laboratory of Dynamics of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Seong Mi Lee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Institute for New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Dongguk University International Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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14
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Choi YJ, Cho J, Hong YC, Lee DW, Moon S, Park SJ, Lee KS, Shin CH, Lee YA, Kim BN, Kaminsky Z, Kim JI, Lim YH. DNA methylation is associated with prenatal exposure to sulfur dioxide and childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3501. [PMID: 36859453 PMCID: PMC9977725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic influence plays a role in the association between exposure to air pollution and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, research regarding sulfur dioxide (SO2) is scarce. Herein, we investigate the associations between prenatal SO2 exposure and ADHD rating scale (ARS) at ages 4, 6 and 8 years repeatedly in a mother-child cohort (n = 329). Whole blood samples were obtained at ages 2 and 6 years, and genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) was analyzed for 51 children using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation BeadChip. We analyzed the associations between prenatal SO2 exposure and DNAm levels at ages 2 and 6, and further investigated the association between the DNAm and ARS at ages 4, 6 and 8. Prenatal SO2 exposure was associated with ADHD symptoms. From candidate gene analysis, DNAm levels at the 6 CpGs at age 2 were associated with prenatal SO2 exposure levels. Of the 6 CpGs, cg07583420 (INS-IGF2) was persistently linked with ARS at ages 4, 6 and 8. Epigenome-wide analysis showed that DNAm at 6733 CpG sites were associated with prenatal SO2 exposure, of which 58 CpGs involved in Notch signalling pathway were further associated with ARS at age 4, 6 and 8 years, persistently. DNAm at age 6 was not associated with prenatal SO2 exposure. Changes in DNAm levels associated with prenatal SO2 exposure during early childhood are associated with increases in ARS in later childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Choi
- National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungji Moon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Surgery, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Shin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Public Health Research Institute, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zachary Kaminsky
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Section of Environmental Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Østerster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, København K, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Custodio RJP, Kim M, Chung YC, Kim BN, Kim HJ, Cheong JH. Thrsp Gene and the ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Presentation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:573-589. [PMID: 36716294 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are three presentations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the predominantly inattention (ADHD-PI), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI), and combined (ADHD-C) presentations of ADHD. These may represent distinct childhood-onset neurobehavioral disorders with separate etiologies. ADHD diagnoses are behaviorally based, so investigations into potential etiologies should be founded on behavior. Animal models of ADHD demonstrate face, predictive, and construct validity when they accurately reproduce elements of the symptoms, etiology, biochemistry, and disorder treatment. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/NCrl) fulfill many validation criteria and compare well with clinical cases of ADHD-C. Compounding the difficulty of selecting an ideal model to study specific presentations of ADHD is a simple fact that our knowledge regarding ADHD neurobiology is insufficient. Accordingly, the current review has explored a potential animal model for a specific presentation, ADHD-PI, with acceptable face, predictive, and construct validity. The Thrsp gene could be a biomarker for ADHD-PI presentation, and THRSP OE mice could represent an animal model for studying this distinct ADHD presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raly James Perez Custodio
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors─IfADo, Ardeystraße 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea.,Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Institute for New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
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16
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Custodio RJP, Kim HJ, Kim J, Ortiz DM, Kim M, Buctot D, Sayson LV, Lee HJ, Kim BN, Yi EC, Cheong JH. Hippocampal dentate gyri proteomics reveals Wnt signaling involvement in the behavioral impairment in the THRSP-overexpressing ADHD mouse model. Commun Biol 2023; 6:55. [PMID: 36646879 PMCID: PMC9842619 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often struggle with impaired executive function, temporal processing, and visuospatial memory, hallmarks of the predominantly inattentive presentation (ADHD-PI), subserved by the hippocampus. However, the specific genes/proteins involved and how they shape hippocampal structures to influence ADHD behavior remain poorly understood. As an exploratory tool, hippocampal dentate gyri tissues from thyroid hormone-responsive protein overexpressing (THRSP OE) mice with defining characteristics of ADHD-PI were utilized in proteomics. Integrated proteomics and network analysis revealed an altered protein network involved in Wnt signaling. Compared with THRSP knockout (KO) mice, THRSP OE mice showed impaired attention and memory, accompanied by dysregulated Wnt signaling affecting hippocampal dentate gyrus cell proliferation and expression of markers for neural stem cell (NSC) activity. Also, combined exposure to an enriched environment and treadmill exercise could improve behavioral deficits in THRSP OE mice and Wnt signaling and NSC activity. These findings show new markers specific to the ADHD-PI presentation, converging with the ancient and evolutionary Wnt signaling pathways crucial for cell fate determination, migration, polarity, and neural patterning during neurodevelopment. These findings from THRSP OE mice support the role of Wnt signaling in neurological disorders, particularly ADHD-PI presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raly James Perez Custodio
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XDepartment of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors - IfADo, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany ,grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Institute for New Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea ,grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Danilo Buctot
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Leandro Val Sayson
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene C. Yi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Institute for New Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do, 54896 Republic of Korea
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Choi W, Hong SB, Kim JI, Lee J, Jang S, Ahn YD, Lim YB, Kim S, Oh MR, Kim BN. Association of Pre- and Perinatal Risk Factors With Tourette Syndrome or Chronic Tic Disorders in a Korean School-Age Population. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2023; 34:37-44. [PMID: 36636494 PMCID: PMC9816007 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.220024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tic disorders are highly heritable; however, growing evidence suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in their pathogenesis. Studies on these factors have been inconsistent, with conflicting results. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations of pre- and perinatal exposure to Tourette syndrome (TS) or chronic tic disorders (CTD) in Korean school-aged children. Methods This case-control study used data from a large prospective cohort study. The primary outcome was TS/CTD diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria and Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Korean Version. Demographic, pre-, and perinatal information was obtained from the maternal questionnaires. Data between the TS/CTD and control groups were compared using the chi-squared or Student's t-test, as appropriate. Two-step logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between TS/CTD and pre- and perinatal risk factors. Results We included of 223 children (78 with TS/CTD and 145 controls). Significant differences in the demographic data between the two groups were observed. The male sex ratio, mean parental age, parental final education level, and family history of tics were included as confounders. In the final adjusted multivariable model, TS/CTD was significantly associated with antiemetic exposure during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR]=16.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49-185.22, p=0.02) and medically assisted reproduction (OR=7.89, 95% CI 2.28-27.28, p=0.01). Conclusion Antiemetic exposure and medically assisted reproduction are significantly associated with the risk of TS/CTD. These results should be replicated in future prospective and gene-by-environment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-beom Hong
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jung Lee
- Integrative Care Hub, Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soomin Jang
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yebin D Ahn
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Bin Lim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Rim Oh
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Bung-Nyun Kim, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-3647, Fax: +82-2-747-2471, E-mail:
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18
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Shin MS, Kim BN, Cho M, Jang M, Shin H, Do R, Park H, Yoon N, Noh G, Song JW, Ahn Y, Shin J, Jang S, Noh E, Lee E. Erratum: A Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of DSM-5 Symptom Measure-Inattention and Anger for Parent and Guardian of Child Age 6 to 17. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2023; 34:59. [PMID: 36636502 PMCID: PMC9816002 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.200044e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 71 in vol. 32, PMID: 33828406.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sup Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirae Jang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbyul Shin
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryemi Do
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungseo Park
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Narae Yoon
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gahye Noh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Song
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yebin Ahn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoon Shin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soomin Jang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjung Noh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhwa Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JI, Bang S, Yang JJ, Kwon H, Jang S, Roh S, Kim SH, Kim MJ, Lee HJ, Lee JM, Kim BN. Classification of Preschoolers with Low-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Multimodal MRI Data. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:25-37. [PMID: 34984638 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging studies targeting preschoolers and low-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients are scarce. We applied machine learning classifiers to parameters from T1-weighted MRI and DTI data of 58 children with ASD (age 3-6 years) and 48 typically developing controls (TDC). Classification performance reached an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88.8%, 93.0%, and 83.8%, respectively. The most prominent features were the cortical thickness of the right inferior occipital gyrus, mean diffusivity of the middle cerebellar peduncle, and nodal efficiency of the left posterior cingulate gyrus. Machine learning-based analysis of MRI data was useful in distinguishing low-functioning ASD preschoolers from TDCs. Combination of T1 and DTI improved classification accuracy about 10%, and large-scale multi-modal MRI studies are warranted for external validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Bang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 02722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-no, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Lee YJ, Cho SW, Lim YH, Kim BN, Kim JI, Hong YC, Park YJ, Shin CH, Lee YA. Relationship of iodine excess with thyroid function in 6-year-old children living in an iodine-replete area. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1099824. [PMID: 36860373 PMCID: PMC9968830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1099824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate iodine intake is essential for growing children, as both deficient and excessive iodine status can result in thyroid dysfunction. We investigated the iodine status and its association with thyroid function in 6-year-old children from South Korea. METHODS A total of 439 children aged 6 (231 boys and 208 girls) were investigated from the Environment and Development of Children cohort study. The thyroid function test included free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Urine iodine status was evaluated using urine iodine concentration (UIC) in morning spot urine and categorized into iodine deficient (< 100 μg/L), adequate (100-199 μg/L), more than adequate (200-299 μg/L), mild excessive (300-999 μg/L), and severe excessive (≥ 1000 μg/L) groups. The estimated 24-hour urinary iodine excretion (24h-UIE) was also calculated. RESULTS The median TSH level was 2.3 μIU/mL, with subclinical hypothyroidism detected in 4.3% of patients without sex differences. The median UIC was 606.2 μg/L, with higher levels in boys (684 μg/L vs. 545 μg/L, p = 0.021) than girls. Iodine status was categorized as deficient (n = 19, 4.3%), adequate (n = 42, 9.6%), more than adequate (n = 54, 12.3%), mild excessive (n = 170, 38.7%), or severe excessive (n = 154, 35.1%). After adjusting for age, sex, birth weight, gestational age, body mass index z-score, and family history, both the mild and severe excess groups showed lower FT4 (β = - 0.04, p = 0.032 for mild excess; β = - 0.04, p = 0.042 for severe excess) and T3 levels (β = - 8.12, p = 0.009 for mild excess; β = - 9.08, p = 0.004 for severe excess) compared to the adequate group. Log-transformed estimated 24h-UIE showed a positive association with log-transformed TSH levels (β = 0.04, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Excess iodine was prevalent (73.8%) in 6-year-old Korean children. Excess iodine was associated with a decrease in FT4 or T3 levels and an increase in TSH levels. The longitudinal effects of iodine excess on later thyroid function and health outcomes require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Ah Lee,
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21
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Shin MS, Kim BN, Jang M, Shin H, Seo G. Erratum: Preliminary Validation Study of the Korean Version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure: Depression and Irritability for Parents of Children Aged 6-17 Years. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2023; 34:60. [PMID: 36636499 PMCID: PMC9816009 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.220009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 67 in vol. 33, PMID: 35832862.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sup Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirae Jang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbyul Shin
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyujin Seo
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Yoon N, Huh Y, Lee H, Kim JI, Lee J, Yang CM, Jang S, Ahn YD, Oh MR, Lee DS, Kang H, Kim BN. Alterations in Social Brain Network Topology at Rest in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:1055-1068. [PMID: 36588440 PMCID: PMC9806512 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underconnectivity in the resting brain is not consistent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is known that the functional connectivity of the default mode network is mainly decreased in childhood ASD. This study investigated the brain network topology as the changes in the connection strength and network efficiency in childhood ASD, including the early developmental stages. METHODS In this study, 31 ASD children aged 2-11 years were compared with 31 age and sex-matched children showing typical development. We explored the functional connectivity based on graph filtration by assessing the single linkage distance and global and nodal efficiencies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship between functional connectivity and clinical scores was also analyzed. RESULTS Underconnectivities within the posterior default mode network subregions and between the inferior parietal lobule and inferior frontal/superior temporal regions were observed in the ASD group. These areas significantly correlated with the clinical phenotypes. The global, local, and nodal network efficiencies were lower in children with ASD than in those with typical development. In the preschool-age children (2-6 years) with ASD, the anterior-posterior connectivity of the default mode network and cerebellar connectivity were reduced. CONCLUSION The observed topological reorganization, underconnectivity, and disrupted efficiency in the default mode network subregions and social function-related regions could be significant biomarkers of childhood ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Yoon
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Huh
- Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyoung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lee
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Integrative Care Hub, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Mo Yang
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Jang
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yebin D Ahn
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Rim Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Kim H, Park B, Kim SY, Kim J, Kim B, Jung KI, Lee SY, Hyun Y, Kim BN, Park S, Park MH. Cerebellar Gray Matter Volume and its Role in Executive Function, and Attention: Sex Differences by Age in Adolescents. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2022; 20:621-634. [DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.4.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyea Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-In Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yerin Hyun
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Research Planning, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Lim JS, Yang CM, Baek JW, Lee SY, Kim BN. Prediction Models for Suicide Attempts among Adolescents Using Machine Learning Techniques. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2022; 20:609-620. [PMID: 36263637 PMCID: PMC9606439 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.4.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide attempts (SAs) in adolescents are difficult to predict although it is a leading cause of death among adolescents. This study aimed to develop and evaluate SA prediction models based on six different machine learning (ML) algorithms for Korean adolescents using data from online surveys. METHODS Data were extracted from the 2011-2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS), an ongoing annual national survey. The participants comprised 468,482 nationally representative adolescents from 400 middle and 400 high schools, aged 12 to 18. The models were trained using several classic ML methods and then tested on internal and external independent datasets; performance metrics were calculated. Data analysis was performed from March 2020 to June 2020. RESULTS Among the 468,482 adolescents included in the analysis, 15,012 cases (3.2%) were identified as having made an SA. Three features (suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and grade) were identified as the most important predictors. The performance of the six ML models on the internal testing dataset was good, with both the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) ranging from 0.92 to 0.94. Although the AUROC of all models on the external testing dataset (2018 KYRBS) ranged from 0.93 to 0.95, the AUPRC of the models was approximately 0.5. CONCLUSION The developed and validated SA prediction models can be applied to detect high risks of SA. This approach could facilitate early intervention in the suicide crisis and may ultimately contribute to suicide prevention for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seok Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chan-Mo Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Won Baek
- Dental Clinic Center, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeol Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea,Address for correspondence: Sang-Yeol Lee Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 895 Muwang-ro, Iksan 54538, Korea, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-9992, Bung-Nyun Kim, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-3291
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Sang-Yeol Lee Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 895 Muwang-ro, Iksan 54538, Korea, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-9992, Bung-Nyun Kim, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-3291
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25
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Kwon H, Kim JI, Son SY, Jang YH, Kim BN, Lee HJ, Lee JM. Sparse Hierarchical Representation Learning on Functional Brain Networks for Prediction of Autism Severity Levels. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:935431. [PMID: 35873817 PMCID: PMC9301472 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.935431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning algorithms have been widely applied in diagnostic tools for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), revealing an altered brain connectivity. However, little is known about whether an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based brain network is related to the severity of ASD symptoms in a large-scale cohort. We propose a graph convolution neural network-based framework that can generate sparse hierarchical graph representations for functional brain connectivity. Instead of assigning initial features for each node, we utilized a feature extractor to derive node features and the extracted representations can be fed to a hierarchical graph self-attention framework to effectively represent the entire graph. By incorporating connectivity embeddings in the feature extractor, we propose adjacency embedding networks to characterize the heterogeneous representations of the brain connectivity. Our proposed model variants outperform the benchmarking model with different configurations of adjacency embedding networks and types of functional connectivity matrices. Using this approach with the best configuration (SHEN atlas for node definition, Tikhonov correlation for connectivity estimation, and identity-adjacency embedding), we were able to predict individual ASD severity levels with a meaningful accuracy: the mean absolute error (MAE) and correlation between predicted and observed ASD severity scores resulted in 0.96, and r = 0.61 (P < 0.0001), respectively. To obtain a better understanding on how to generate better representations, we investigate the relationships between the extracted feature embeddings and the graph theory-based nodal measurements using canonical correlation analysis. Finally, we visualized the model to identify the most contributive functional connections for predicting ASD severity scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeokjin Kwon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Son
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Kang NR, Kwack YS, Song JK, Kim MD, Park JH, Kim BN, Moon DS. The intergenerational transmission of maternal adverse childhood experiences on offspring's psychiatric disorder and the mediating role of maternal depression: Results from a cross sectional study. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:613-629. [PMID: 34978939 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211056919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may negatively affect the mental health and development of their offspring. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of maternal ACE and offspring's psychiatric disorder and the mediating effect of maternal depression. The subjects included 463 mothers (42.78 ± 5.68 years) and their offspring aged 6-18 years (13.26 ± 3.90 years). Mothers reported their ACE before age 18 and completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Diagnostic Predictive Scales (DPS), a screening tool for offspring's psychiatric disorder. 35.42% of subjects had at least one ACE, and 11.0% reported three or more ACEs. Higher maternal ACE scores were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of offspring's psychiatric disorders (p < 0.001). Household dysfunction of maternal ACE (OR = 2.263, p < 0.001) is significantly associated with offspring's psychiatric disorder. In the mediation model in which the household dysfunction affects the number of offspring's psychiatric disorders, the partial mediation model through maternal depression was significant. The mother's experience of household dysfunction before the age of 18 has a significant impact on her offspring's psychiatric disorder and supported significant mediation through maternal depression. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of ACE and offspring's psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ri Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, 37984Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sook Kwack
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kook Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, 37984Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Doo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, 37984Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyuk Park
- Department of Psychiatry, 37984Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, 37900Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, 37984Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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27
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Shin MS, Kim BN, Jang M, Shin H, Seo G. Preliminary Validation Study of the Korean Version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure: Depression and Irritability for Parents of Children Aged 6-17 Years. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2022; 33:67-72. [PMID: 35832862 PMCID: PMC9242850 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Depression and the Irritability for parents of children aged 6-17 years. Methods Participants were 190 children diagnosed with depressive disorder (n=14), anxiety disorder (n=21), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n=111), ADHD with anxious depression (n=13), and tic disorder with somatic symptoms (n=31). Patients were 8-15 years of age. The participants' mothers completed the Korean versions of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure- PROMIS Depression and Irritability (Affective Reactivity Index, ARI), and the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Using these data, we calculated the reliability coefficient and examined the concurrent and discriminant validity of the PROMIS Depression and the Irritability (ARI) scales for assessing depression and irritability in children. Results The reliability coefficient of the PROMIS Depression scale (Cronbach's α) was 0.93. The correlation coefficient with the KCBCL DSM emotional problem score was 0.71. The PROMIS Depression scale significantly discriminated children with depressive disorders from those with other conditions. The reliability coefficient of the Irritability (ARI) scale was 0.91, suggesting its high reliability. Conclusion Our results suggest that the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure for Depression and Irritability Scales for parents of children aged 6-17 years is reliable and valid and may be an efficient alternative to the K-CBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sup Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Min-Sup Shin, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 DaeHak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-2454, Fax: +82-2-744-7241, E-mail:
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirae Jang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbyul Shin
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyujin Seo
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee YJ, Lim YH, Shin CH, Kim BN, Kim JI, Hong YC, Cho YM, Lee YA. Relationship between bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and bisphenol F and serum uric acid concentrations among school-aged children. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268503. [PMID: 35709251 PMCID: PMC9202957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia has a suspected relationship with hypertension, metabolic syndrome, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Endocrine disruptors may affect uric acid metabolism; however, few epidemiologic studies have been performed in children regarding newly developed bisphenol A (BPA) substitutes. We evaluated the associations between BPA, bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF) exposure and serum uric acid concentrations in 6-year-old Korean children. Methods From the Environment and Development of Children cohort study, six-year-old children (N = 489; 251 boys) who underwent an examination during 2015–2017 were included. Anthropometry, questionnaires, and biological samples were evaluated. BPA, BPS, and BPF levels were measured from spot urine samples, and log-transformed or categorized into groups for analysis. We constructed linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, urinary creatinine levels, body mass index z-scores, and estimated glomerular filtration rates. Results Mean serum uric level was 4.2 mg dL-1 (0.8 SD) without sex-differences. Among the three bisphenols, higher BPS exposure was associated with increased serum uric acid concentrations (P-value for trend = 0.002). When BPS levels were categorized into three groups (non-detection < 0.02 μg L-1 vs. medium BPS; 0.02–0.05 μg L-1 vs. high BPS ≥ 0.05 μg L-1), the high BPS group showed higher serum uric acid concentrations (by 0.26 mg dL-1, P = 0.003) than the non-detection group after adjusting for covariates, which was significant in boys but not girls. Discussions Urinary BPS levels was positively associated with serum uric acid concentrations in 6-year-old children, and the association was more pronounced in boys. Considering the increasing use of BPS and concerning effect of hyperuricemia on health outcomes, their positive relationship should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Cho
- Department of Nano Chemical and Biological Engineering, SeoKyeong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Cha JH, Ahn JH, Kim YJ, Lee BG, Kim JI, Park HK, Kim BN, Lee HJ. Impact of Preterm Birth on Neurodevelopmental Disorders in South Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2476. [PMID: 35566601 PMCID: PMC9099635 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) in preterm infants has become of great interest. We aimed to investigate the impact of preterm birth on the proportion of NDD using nationwide data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. We included 4894 extremely preterm or extremely low-birth-weight (EP/ELBW; <28 weeks of gestation or birth weight < 1000 g) infants, 70,583 other preterm or low-birth-weight (OP/LBW; 28−36 weeks of gestation or birth weight < 2500 g) infants, and 264,057 full-term infants born between 2008 and 2015. We observed their neurodevelopment until 6 years of age or until the year 2019, whichever occurred first. Diagnoses of NDDs were based on the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases 10th revision. An association between preterm birth and NDD was assessed using a multivariable logistic regression model. There was a stepwise increase in the risk of overall NDD with increasing degree of prematurity, from OP/LBW (adjusted odds ratio 4.46; 95% confidence interval 4.34−4.58), to EP/ELBW (16.15; 15.21−17.15). The EP/ELBW group was strongly associated with developmental delay (21.47; 20.05−22.99), cerebral palsy (88.11; 79.89−97.19), and autism spectrum disorder (11.64; 10.37−13.06). Preterm birth considerably increased the risk of NDD by the degree of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Cha
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.-H.A.); (H.-K.P.)
| | - Ja-Hye Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.-H.A.); (H.-K.P.)
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Lab, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Bong Gun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Clinical Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.-H.A.); (H.-K.P.)
- Clinical Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.H.C.); (J.-H.A.); (H.-K.P.)
- Clinical Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea;
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Kim JI, Lee YA, Shin CH, Hong YC, Kim BN, Lim YH. Association of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S with ADHD symptoms in children. Environ Int 2022; 161:107093. [PMID: 35077929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, but the neurotoxic effects of bisphenol substitutes such as bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS) have not been well investigated. We investigated the associations between BPA, BPF, and BPS with ADHD symptoms at multiple time points in children. METHODS The levels of BPA (at ages 4, 6, and 8), BPF (at ages 6 and 8), and BPS (at ages 6 and 8) were measured in 619 children. Because of the low detection frequency of BPF and BPS levels, participants were divided into categories (<or ≥ limit of detection (LOD) for BPF; < LOD, ≥ LOD and < median, or ≥ median for BPS). ADHD symptoms were assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale IV (ARS). The relationship between bisphenols and ARS scores was analyzed using Poisson regression models, and generalized additive models and piecewise regression models were further explored for BPA. RESULTS BPA was detected in most participants (>97%), whereas BPF and BPS were less frequently detected (age 6: 17.5% for BPF and 42.0% for BPS; age 8: 51.6% for BPF and 73.3% for BPS). Doubling in BPA levels was associated with increased ARS scores by 4.7% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.5, 9.2) at age 6. The association was greater with BPA levels higher than 3.0 μg/g creatinine (24.2% [95% CI: 15.5, 33.6] increase). The BPF ≥ LOD group had 10.8% (95% CI: 1.2, 21.4) higher ARS scores than the BPF < LOD group. The BPS ≥ median group had 11.4% (95% CI: 2.0, 21.7) higher ARS scores than the BPS < LOD group. CONCLUSION All bisphenols, in particular those at or above the LOD or median levels, were associated with ADHD symptoms at age 6. Further prospective studies are warranted to determine causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lee KS, Lim YH, Lee YA, Shin CH, Kim BN, Hong YC, Kim JI. The association of prenatal and childhood pyrethroid pesticide exposure with school-age ADHD traits. Environ Int 2022; 161:107124. [PMID: 35134717 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used in residential settings, and their use has increased rapidly. Although research has been scarce, they have been reported to be associated with impaired neurodevelopment. Moreover, susceptible exposure windows and the long-term effects of pyrethroids have not been investigated. We examined the association between pyrethroid exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms over time, with exposure windows spanning from the prenatal period to school-age. METHODS Using 524 mother-child pairs, we measured urinary concentrations of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a major pyrethroid metabolite, and asked parents to fill-out the ADHD Rating Scale IV (ARS). We used Poisson regression to identify the susceptible periods of pyrethroid exposure, by correlating various 3-PBA exposure windows (prenatal, ages 2, 4, 6 and 8) with ADHD symptoms at ages 6 and 8. RESULTS Doubling of prenatal and age 2 3-PBA concentrations was associated with increased ADHD symptoms at age 6 (2.7% change, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3, 5.2; 5.2% change [95% CI: 0.5, 10.2], respectively). The 3-PBA concentrations at age 4 and age 6 were linked with ADHD symptoms at age 8 (2.7% change [95% CI: 0.3, 5.3]; 3.3% change [95% CI: 0.2, 6.4], respectively). There were no clear sex-specific patterns in association. DISCUSSION Both prenatal and early-childhood exposure to 3-PBA were found to be associated with ADHD symptoms. Exposure during pregnancy, and at ages 2 to 6 were found to be susceptible periods for pyrethroid neurotoxicity at ages 6 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Shin Lee
- Research Institue for Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee KS, Kim KN, Ahn YD, Choi YJ, Cho J, Jang Y, Lim YH, Kim JI, Shin CH, Lee YA, Kim BN, Hong YC. Prenatal and postnatal exposures to four metals mixture and IQ in 6-year-old children: A prospective cohort study in South Korea. Environ Int 2021; 157:106798. [PMID: 34339957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are exposed to a mixture of metals during their lifetime; however, evidence of neurotoxicity of such mixtures in critical time windows is still insufficient. We aimed to elucidate the associations of four metals mixture across multiple time points with children's intelligence quotient (IQ) in a prospective cohort study. METHODS Prenatal exposure and exposure at age 4 and 6 years to four types of blood metals, namely lead, mercury, cadmium, and manganese were quantified in 502 pregnant women and their children who participated in the Environment and Development Cohort study. Children' s IQ scores were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale at age 6. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), quantile g-computation models, and elastic net (ENET) models were used to assess the associations of their blood metals mixture with IQ scores. RESULTS Multivariate linear regression models indicated that postnatal blood manganese exposure at the age of 4 years was significantly negatively associated with children's IQ [β = - 5.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): -11.37 to - 0.61]. In the multi-chemical BKMR and quantile g-computation model, statistically significant inverse associations were found between the mixture of prenatal and postnatal metals and children's IQ score (Difference in children' IQ per quartile increase: -2.83; 95% CI: -5.28, -0.38). Interestingly, we found that manganese levels at both age of 4 and 6 years were contributing factors to children's IQ in the mixture models, namely, BKMR, quantile g-computation, and ENET models. CONCLUSIONS Multi-pollutant mixtures of prenatal and postnatal exposures to four metals affected child IQ at 6 years of age. We found a relationship between manganese exposure at both age 4, and 6 years and children's IQ. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these associations and to control the exposure to different metals during pregnancy and preschool childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Shin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yebin D Ahn
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15260, USA.
| | - Yoonyoung Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1014, Denmark.
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JI, Lee J, Lee KS, Lee YA, Shin CH, Hong YC, Kim BN, Lim YH. Association of phthalate exposure with autistic traits in children. Environ Int 2021; 157:106775. [PMID: 34314979 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are synthetic chemicals with endocrine-disrupting properties. They are reportedly associated with various neurotoxic outcomes. Studies on exposure to phthalates and children's autistic traits have shown inconsistent results with respect to sex and susceptible time periods. We investigated the association of phthalate exposure during the prenatal period and childhood with autistic traits over time using a birth cohort in South Korea. METHODS Five phthalate metabolites were measured during mid-term pregnancy and children's follow-up at ages of 4, 6, and 8 years among a total of 547 mother-child pairs. The social communication questionnaire (SCQ) was used to assess autistic traits of children at each time point. The relationship between phthalate metabolites and SCQ scores were analyzed by exposure windows and sex. RESULTS A 2.7 fold increase in di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolite levels, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) during pregnancy was associated with increased SCQ scores at 4 years by 8.5% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.9%, 15.5%) and 7.4% (95% CI: 0.3%, 15.0%), respectively, but not at the age of 6 or 8 years. Moreover, MEHHP levels at ages of 4 and 8 years were associated with increased SCQ scores at 8 years by 9.9% (95% CI: 1.8%, 18.6%) and 9.6% (95% CI: 1.3%, 18.6%), respectively. Boys showed stronger associations between phthalate exposure and SCQ scores than girls. CONCLUSION The study suggested different susceptible time windows of phthalate exposure: exposure during pregnancy is associated with autistic traits in young children, whereas exposure during early childhood years leads to autistic traits in school-aged children, particularly boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lee
- Integrative Care Hub, Children's Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Shin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kang NR, Kwack YS, Song JK, Kim MD, Park JH, Kim BN, Moon DS. The Impact of Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences on Offspring's Internalizing and Externalizing Problems. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:1050-1057. [PMID: 34710961 PMCID: PMC8600217 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes across the lifespan, but research on intergenerational transmission of maternal ACEs and its impact on the offspring's mental health problems are limited. The study examines the effects of maternal ACEs on the risk of internalizing or externalizing problems among offspring. METHODS There were 450 mother-child dyads. Mothers completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. The child outcomes included internalizing and externalizing problems assessed by the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) and Korean Youth Self-Report (K-YSR), depression assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and anxiety assessed by the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). RESULTS 36.1% of mothers experienced at least one ACE, and 11.1% experienced three or more ACEs. Cumulative maternal ACEs were associated with internalizing problems, externalizing problems, depression and anxiety in the offspring. Household dysfunction from maternal ACEs was significantly associated with delinquent behavior, anxiety/depression, and somatic complaints in the offspring. CONCLUSION The findings support the hypothesis that maternal ACEs are related to mental health problems in the offspring. Further research is needed to determine the factors mediating intergenerational transmission as well as intervention strategies to prevent ACEs and mental health problems in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ri Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sook Kwack
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kook Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Doo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyuk Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Kim TH, Choi E, Kim H, Kim SY, Kim Y, Kim BN, Park S, Jung KI, Park B, Park MH. The Association Between Hippocampal Volume and Level of Attention in Children and Adolescents. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:671735. [PMID: 34512278 PMCID: PMC8427798 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.671735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus, which engages in the process of consolidating long-term memories and learning, shows active development during childhood and adolescence. The hippocampus also functionally influences attention. Based on the influence of hippocampal function on attention, it was expected that the volume of the hippocampus would be associated with the difference in attention during childhood and adolescence, in which the brain develops actively. Thus, this study examined the association between hippocampal volume and attention metrics measured by the continuous performance test (CPT) in 115 children and adolescents (mean age = 12.43 ± 3.0, 63 male and 52 female). In association studies with both auditory and visual attention, we found that the bilateral hippocampal volumes showed negative relationships with auditory omission errors. A smaller volume of the left hippocampus also led to a longer auditory response time. However, visual attention did not show any significant relationship with the hippocampal volume. These findings were consistent even after adjusting for the effects of the related covariates (e.g., age, insomnia, and depression). Taken together, this study suggested that the increase in hippocampal volume during childhood and adolescence was associated significantly with better auditory attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunhye Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeeun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Research Planning, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-In Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, South Korea.,Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim JH, Kim DH, Lim YH, Shin CH, Lee YA, Kim BN, Kim JI, Hong YC. Childhood Obesity-Related Mechanisms: MicroRNome and Transcriptome Changes in a Nested Case-Control Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080878. [PMID: 34440082 PMCID: PMC8389653 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity could contribute to adulthood obesity, leading to adverse health outcomes in adults. However, the mechanisms for how obesity is developed are still unclear. To determine the epigenome-wide and genome-wide expression changes related with childhood obesity, we compared microRNome and transcriptome levels as well as leptin protein levels in whole bloods of 12 obese and 24 normal children aged 6 years. miR-328-3p, miR-1301-3p, miR-4685-3p, and miR-6803-3p were negatively associated with all obesity indicators. The four miRNAs were also associated with 3948 mRNAs, and separate 475 mRNAs (185 among 3948 mRNAs) were associated with all obesity indicators. The 2533 mRNAs (64.2%) among the 3948 mRNAs and 286 mRNAs (60.2%) among the 475 mRNAs were confirmed as targets of the four miRNAs in public databases through miRWalk 2.0. Leptin protein was associated with miR-6803-3p negatively and all obesity indicators positively. Using DAVID bioinformatics resources 6.8, top three pathways for obesity-related gene set were metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The top three obesity-related disease classes were metabolic, cardiovascular, and chemdependency. Our results support that childhood obesity could be developed through miRNAs-related epigenetic mechanism and, further, these obesity-related epigenetic changes could control the pathways related with the development of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.H.K.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Da Hae Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (C.H.S.); (Y.A.L.)
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (C.H.S.); (Y.A.L.)
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.K.); (Y.-C.H.)
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Lee KS, Choi YJ, Cho JW, Moon SJ, Lim YH, Kim JI, Lee YA, Shin CH, Kim BN, Hong YC. Children's Greenness Exposure and IQ-Associated DNA Methylation: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7429. [PMID: 34299878 PMCID: PMC8304819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is known to be involved in regulatory pathways through which greenness exposure influences child development and health. We aimed to investigate the associations between residential surrounding greenness and DNA methylation changes in children, and further assessed the association between DNA methylation and children's intelligence quotient (IQ) in a prospective cohort study. We identified cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sites (CpGs) associated with cognitive abilities from epigenome- and genome-wide association studies through a systematic literature review for candidate gene analysis. We estimated the residential surrounding greenness at age 2 using a geographic information system. DNA methylation was analyzed from whole blood using the HumanMethylationEPIC array in 59 children at age 2. We analyzed the association between greenness exposure and DNA methylation at age 2 at the selected CpGs using multivariable linear regression. We further investigated the relationship between DNA methylation and children's IQ. We identified 8743 CpGs associated with cognitive ability based on the literature review. Among these CpGs, we found that 25 CpGs were significantly associated with greenness exposure at age 2, including cg26269038 (Bonferroni-corrected p ≤ 0.05) located in the body of SLC6A3, which encodes a dopamine transporter. DNA methylation at cg26269038 at age 2 was significantly associated with children's performance IQ at age 6. Exposure to surrounding greenness was associated with cognitive ability-related DNA methylation changes, which was also associated with children's IQ. Further studies are warranted to clarify the epigenetic pathways linking greenness exposure and neurocognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Shin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.-J.M.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.-J.M.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Cho
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Sung-Ji Moon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.-J.M.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.-J.M.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna-Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Young-Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.-A.L.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Choong-Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.-A.L.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.-J.M.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Lim YB, Kweon K, Kim BN. Effects of Adversities during Childhood on Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: Comparison of Typically Developing Children and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder Group. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2021; 32:118-125. [PMID: 34285637 PMCID: PMC8262970 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.210003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Childhood adversity is a risk factor for anxiety symptoms, but it affects anxiety symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study aimed to examine the association between childhood adversity and anxiety symptoms in participants with and without ADHD. Methods Data were obtained from a school-based epidemiological study of 1017 randomly selected children and adolescents. The ADHD and non-ADHD groups were divided using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Predictive Scale (DPS). The DPS was also used to assess comorbidities such as anxiety and mood disorders. The childhood adversities were assessed using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, and the anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders. Linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between childhood adversity and anxiety in the ADHD and non-ADHD groups with adjustments for age and sex. Results This study found that the ADHD group did not show any significant association between anxiety symptoms and childhood adversities, whereas the non-ADHD group always showed a significant association. In a subgroup analysis of the non-ADHD group, the normal group without any psychiatric disorders assessed with DPS demonstrated a statistically significant association between childhood adversities and anxiety symptoms. These results were consistent with the association between childhood adversities and anxiety disorders assessed using DPS, as shown by logistic regression. Conclusion The association between anxiety symptoms and childhood adversities statistically disappears in ADHD; ADHD may mask or block the association. Further longitudinal research is necessary to investigate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Bin Lim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kukju Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Lee KS, Kim JI, Choi YJ, Cho J, Lim YH, Kim BN, Shin CH, Lee YA, Hong YC. Association Between Sleep Duration and Intelligence Quotient in 6-Year-Old Children. Int J Behav Med 2021; 29:57-68. [PMID: 34080127 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-09996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient sleep during childhood is important for cognitive functions such as learning and successful school performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep duration on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of 6-year-old children and aimed to analyze whether these effects differed by sex. METHODS The IQ of 538 6-year-old Korean participants from the cohort study, "The Environment and Development of Children," was measured during follow-up using the Korean Educational Developmental Institute's Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The total, verbal, and performance IQ scores were evaluated. The relationship between sleep duration and IQ scores after adjusting for maternal age, maternal educational level, maternal occupation, maternal IQ, exposure to secondhand smoking, gestational age, and monthly age and birth season was also assessed. RESULTS Longer sleep duration was significantly associated with improved verbal IQ measures (β 0.55; p value 0.030). After stratifying participants by sex, a significant association was observed between sleep duration and total, verbal, and performance IQ scores in boys (total IQ 2.49, p value 0.012; verbal IQ 0.75, p value: 0.037; performance IQ 0.73, p value 0.048), but not in girls. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that only boys show a significant association between IQ scores and sleep duration. These findings support the hypothesis that sleep duration is associated with IQ, in a sex dependent manner. Future studies are needed for a thorough evaluation of the connection between sleep duration and health outcome in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Shin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lee YJ, Heo YJ, Choe Y, Park SH, Lim YH, Kim BN, Kim JI, Hong YC, Cho SW, Park YJ, Shin CH, Lee YA. Relationship Between Iodine Status and Thyroid Function in Preschool Children: From the Environmental and Development of Children (EDC) Study. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8089917 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated iodine status and its association with thyroid function among preschool children residing in iodine-sufficient area. Methods: From the Environment and Development of Children study, 477 children were evaluated for thyroid function and urine iodine concentration (UIC) at age 6 during 2015-2017. After excluding children born with multiple birth and with congenital hypothyroidism or Hashimoto thyroiditis, 439 (231 boys) were included. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was defined as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels between 4.9-10 μIU/mL with normal free T4 levels. Iodine status was evaluated by UIC and children were categorized into 4 groups: iodine deficient (UIC < 100 μg/L), adequate (UIC, 100-299 μg/L), mild excessive (UIC, 300-999 μg/L), severe excessive (UIC ≥ 1000 μg/L). Results: Goiter was palpated in 64 (14.6%) with female predominance (26.0% vs. 4.3%, P < 0.001). Serum level of free T4 and T3 was 1.2 ± 0.1 ng/dL and 148.1 ± 18.5 ng/dL, respectively. The median TSH level was 2.3 (0.53-8.59) μIU/mL and the prevalence of SCH was 4.3% without sex-difference. The median UIC level was 606.2 (19.9-16409.7) μg/L, higher in boys (684 vs. 545 μg/L, P = 0.021) than in girls. Iodine was deficient in 19 (4.3%), adequate in 96 (21.9%), mild excessive in 170 (38.7%), and severe excessive in 145 (35.1%). After excluding 19 iodine deficient children, the relationship between iodine status and thyroid function was evaluated by multiple regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex, birth weight, gestational age, body mass index Z-score, and family history. As iodine status increased from adequate, mild excessive to severe excessive group, T3 levels decreased, and TSH levels increased with marginal significance (P for trend < 0.1 for T3 and TSH). When stratified by sex, similar association was found in only girls (P for trend = 0.043 for T3, and 0.062 for TSH) but not in boys, and mild excessive group showed lower free T4 levels (β = -0.05, P = 0.013) and severe excessive group had lower T3 levels (β = -7.04, P = 0.035) than iodine adequate group in only girls, but not in boys. Conclusion: Iodine was deficient in 4.3%, adequate in 21.9%, and excessive in 73.8% among preschool children residing in South Korea. As iodine status increased from adequate to excessive group, TSH levels increased with decreasing free T4 and T3 levels in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Lee
- Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - You Joung Heo
- Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yunsoo Choe
- Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Young Joo Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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Jung HW, Lee YJ, Lim YH, Kim JI, Kim BN, Hong YC, Shin CH, Lee YA. The Relationship of Early Adiposity Rebound With Accelerated Bone Age and Breast Development in Girls: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Endocr Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Adiposity rebound (AR) refers to the increase in body mass index (BMI) that follows the BMI nadir in childhood. Earlier AR increases the likelihood of being overweight/obese and may lead to early pubertal advancement, especially in girls. We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal changes in anthropometrics, bone age (BA), and breast development in relation to AR timing in girls. Methods: This study included girls (n = 349) of the Environment and Development of Children (EDC) cohort, a prospective cohort of healthy children started in 2012 with biennial visits to study the effects of environmental exposures on physical and neurobehavioral development. The BMI trajectories of girls with 3 or more measurements between 2 and 8 years of age (n = 242) were visually inspected to determine AR timing. After excluding preterm and multiple births, 204 girls were included and categorized according to the age at AR: group 1 (<3.9 years; n = 34, 17%), group 2 (3.9-5.9 years; n = 55, 27%) and group 3 (≥6 years; n = 115, 56%). AR groups were compared for differences in anthropometric measures, BA progression, and breast development. The relationships between AR and outcomes were analyzed with adjustment for age, gestational age, birthweight, physical activity and diet. Results: At age 2, there were no differences in anthropometric measures. By age 4, group 1 showed higher mean BMI z-scores (0.87) than groups 2 (-0.19) and 3 (-0.45) (P <0.001). The differences in BMI z-scores were significant between all 3 groups at 6 and 8-years (P <0.001, for all). Height differences became significant at 8-years (P = 0.010), with greater mean height z-score in group 1 (0.80) compared to group 3 (0.30). BA progression differed significantly between groups 1, 2 and 3 at 6-years (BA 6.87 vs. 6.44 vs. 6.36 years respectively; P < 0.001) and at 8-years (BA 9.65 vs. 8.82 vs. 8.60 respectively; P < 0.001). The inverse relationship between AR timing and BA remained significant after adjusting for covariates at 6 years (B = -0.222, P = 0.040) and 8 years (B = -0.468, P <0.001). Breast development occurred in 49 girls (24%) by age 8 with increased occurrence in the earlier AR groups: group 1 (n = 16, 47%), group 2 (n = 17, 31%), and group 3 (n = 16, 14%) (P for trend <0.001). When compared to group 3, the earlier AR groups had significantly increased risk of breast development at age 8 (OR 5.1, 95%CI 2.1-12.4 for group 1 and OR 2.4, 95%CI 1.1-5.4 for group 2, P <0.001 for both), after adjusting for covariates (P <0.05, for both). Conclusions: Girls who had earlier AR showed greater BA progression starting at 6 years and continuing at 8 years along with greater height at 8 years. These girls are at risk for early breast development after adjustment for covariates. AR timing may be a predictor for BA progression and onset of breast development in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Woon Jung
- Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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Yoo JH, Kim JI, Kim BN, Jeong B. Exploring characteristic features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: findings from multi-modal MRI and candidate genetic data. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2132-2147. [PMID: 31321662 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined whether machine learning features best distinguishing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from typically developing children (TDC) can explain clinical phenotypes using multi-modal neuroimaging and genetic data. Cortical morphology, diffusivity scalars, resting-state functional connectivity and polygenic risk score (PS) from norepinephrine, dopamine and glutamate genes were extracted from 47 ADHD and 47 matched TDC. Using random forests, classification accuracy was measured for each uni- and multi-modal model. The optimal model was used to explain symptom severity or task performance and its robustness was validated in the independent dataset including 18 ADHD and 18 TDC. The model consisting of cortical thickness and volume features achieved the best accuracy of 85.1%. Morphological changes across insula, sensory/motor, and inferior frontal cortex were also found as key predictors. Those explained 18.0% of ADHD rating scale, while dynamic regional homogeneity within default network explained 6.4% of the omission errors in continuous performance test. Ensemble of PS to optimal model showed minor effect on accuracy. Validation analysis achieved accuracy of 69.4%. Current findings suggest that structural deformities relevant to salience detection, sensory processing, and response inhibition may be robust classifiers and symptom predictors of ADHD. Altered local functional connectivity across default network predicted attentional lapse. However, further investigation is needed to clarify roles of genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-no, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumseok Jeong
- Laboratory of Computational Affective Neuroscience and Development, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST Institute, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Na MC, Kim MD, Park JH, Jung YE, Moon DS, Yang HJ, Kim BN, Kang NR. Association between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Offspring. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2021; 32:63-70. [PMID: 33828405 PMCID: PMC8018678 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of mothers may negatively affect the mental health of their offspring. Little is known about the intergenerational effect of maternal ACE on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the offspring. This study inves-tigated the impact of maternal ACEs on PTSD in the offspring. Methods A total of 156 mothers with children aged 13–18 years completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) Predictive Scales to determine the presence of psychiatric disorders in their offspring. The subjects completed the ACE questionnaire and the Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report-Short Form. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between ma-ternal ACEs and PTSD in the offspring. Results Of the mothers, 23.7% had at least one ACE, and PTSD was reported in 21.8% of the offspring. The offspring of the mothers in the ACE group had a significantly higher rates of traumatic experiences and PTSD than the offspring of the mothers in the no ACE group. Maternal household dysfunction independently predicted offspring PTSD [odds ratio (OR)=3.008, p=0.05), and three or more maternal ACEs were significantly related to PTSD in the offspring (OR=10.613, p=0.025). Conclusion Maternal ACEs have a significant impact on the risk of traumatic experiences and PTSD in the offspring. These findings suggest the presence of intergenerational transmissions by which maternal ACEs affect the mental health of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chull Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Moon Doo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Joon Hyuk Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Ri Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Shin MS, Kim BN, Cho M, Jang M, Shin H, Do R, Park H, Yoon N, Noh G, Song JW, Ahn Y, Shin J, Jang S, Noh E, Lee E. A Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of DSM-5 Symptom Measure-Inattention and Anger for Parent and Guardian of Child Age 6 to 17. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2021; 32:71-78. [PMID: 33828406 PMCID: PMC8018679 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention [Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, version IV (SNAP-IV)] and anger [Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anger] for parents and guardians of children aged 6-17 years. METHODS We included 104 children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD with anxiety and depression, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder with somatic symptoms (ADHD=41, depression=9, anxiety=14, ADHD+anxious depression=11, tic+somatic symptoms=29). Their ages ranged from 8 years to 15 years. The participants' mothers completed the SNAP-IV, PROMIS Anger scale, Korean version of the IOWA Conners Rating Scale (K-IOWA), and Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) so that the reliability and validity of the SNAP-IV and PROMIS Anger scales, which are DSM-5 scales for assessing inattention and anger of children and adolescents, could be examined. RESULTS The reliability coefficient of SNAP-IV (Cronbach's α) was 0.94. The correlation coefficients between SNAP-IV, K-IOWA inattention, and K-ARS inattention scores ranged from 0.73 to 0.86. The mean SNAP-IV scores of the ADHD and the ADHD+anxious depression groups were significantly higher than those of the anxiety and the tic+somatic symptoms groups. The reliability coefficient of the PROMIS Anger was 0.91. The correlation coefficient between PROMIS Anger and K-IOWA oppositional/defiant scores was 0.75. The PROMIS Anger mean score of the ADHD+anxious depression group tended to be higher than that of the other groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention and anger for parent and guardian of child age 6-17 might be a reliable and valid test and may be useful for screening children and adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sup Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Min-Sup Shin, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea, Tel: +82-2-2072-2454, Fax: +82-2-744-7241, E-mail:
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirae Jang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbyul Shin
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryemi Do
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungseo Park
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Narae Yoon
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gahye Noh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Song
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yebin Ahn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoon Shin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soomin Jang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjung Noh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhwa Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee JJ, Kim JH, Kim BN. Effects of School Bullying Prevention Camp on the Adolescent Perpetrators of School Violence. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2021; 32:43-50. [PMID: 33828403 PMCID: PMC8018682 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school bullying prevention camp for adolescent perpetrators of chool violence. Methods A total of 95 adolescents (boys=73, girls=22) were included in this study. The changes after the program were evaluated using several self-rating scales for the assessment of the degree of depression, loneliness, impulsivity, self-esteem, and interpersonal reactivity compared with the baseline scales. Results The school bullying prevention camp significantly reduced the degree of depression severity (z=-5.874, p<0.001) and impul- sivity scale (z=-3.861, p<0.001), while increasing self-esteem (z=-2.091, p=0.037). The degree of depression severity (z=-4.635, p<0.001), loneliness (z=-2.168, p=0.030), and impulsivity (z=-2.987, p=0.003) significantly reduced, whereas self-esteem significantly increased (z=-2.221, p=0.026) for male students who had no history of child abuse. However, there were no significant changes after the program for the degree of depression, loneliness, impulsivity, self-esteem, and interpersonal reactivity among female students with a history of child abuse. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that the development of diverse standardized guidance programs is necessary for teenagers with different characteristics and backgrounds. Such programs are expected to be more effective in preventing school violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gongju National Hospital, Gongju, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gongju National Hospital, Gongju, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee KS, Kim BN, Cho J, Jang YY, Choi YJ, Lee WS, Han C, Bae HJ, Lim YH, Kim JI, Shin CH, Lee YA, Hong YC. Associations between surrounding residential greenness and intelligence quotient in 6-year-old children. Sci Total Environ 2021; 759:143561. [PMID: 33199008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residential greenness has been reported to be positively associated with health benefits for children, including improved cognitive function. We investigated the association between the intelligence quotient (IQ) of 6-year-old children in Seoul, South Korea and surrounding greenness currently and during the mothers' pregnancy. We also analyzed whether these effects differed by the type of greenness, such as natural or built greenness. METHODS This study considered 189 mother-child dyads from the Environment and Development of Children Cohort study, who lived in Seoul during the prenatal period and when the child was 6 years old. We defined surrounding greenness using Landsat image data from Korean Arirang satellite images with buffers within 100 m - 2000 m of the radius of each participant's residential address. We separately analyzed two types of greenness, namely natural and built greenness. The children's IQ (total, verbal, and performance IQ) was measured using the Korean Educational Developmental Institute's Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to built greenness in 500 m and 1000 m buffers was associated with children's total IQ in a full model [difference in IQ (95% CI): 3.46(0.68, 6.24) and 3.42 (0.53, 6.31) per interquartile increase in proportion of greenness]. However, postnatal exposure to built greenness in all buffers was associated in children's total IQ. We found a stronger association between children's total IQ and built greenness rather than natural greenness. CONCLUSIONS We found that 6-year-old children tended to score higher on total IQ if they lived in greener neighborhoods. The results provide further evidence of the health benefits of greenness and provide support for urban planning and public health to build healthy urban cities for children and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Shin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yoon-Young Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Woo-Seok Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Changwoo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Joo Bae
- Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, South Korea..
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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Jang Y, Choi YJ, Lim YH, Lee KS, Kim BN, Shin CH, Lee YA, Kim JI, Hong YC. Associations Between Thyroid Hormone Levels and Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A, F, and S in 6-Year-old Children in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2021; 54:37-45. [PMID: 33618498 PMCID: PMC7939752 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the electrical, mechanical, medical, and food industries. Previous studies have suggested that BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Regulation of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, few studies have investigated the associations of BPF and BPS with thyroid dysfunction in children. Our study investigated the associations of prenatal BPA and early childhood BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with thyroid function in 6-year-old children. METHODS Prenatal BPA concentrations were measured during the second trimester of pregnancy in an established prospective birth cohort. We measured urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations and thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone, total T3, and free T4) in 6-year-old children (n=574). We examined the associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and percentage change of thyroid hormone concentrations using multivariate linear regression. We also compared thyroid hormone levels by dividing the cohort according to BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations. RESULTS The associations between prenatal BPA and total T3 levels were statistically significant in all models, except for girls when using a crude model. The associations between urinary BPA and BPS concentrations and levels of all thyroid hormones were not statistically significant. However, we observed that lower free T4 levels (-1.94%; 95% confidence interval, -3.82 to -0.03) were associated with higher urinary BPF concentrations in girls only. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified significant associations between prenatal BPA exposure and total T3 levels in all children and between BPF exposure and free T4 levels in girls only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonyoung Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kyung-Shin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Moon DS, Bong SJ, Kim BN, Kang NR. Association between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Offspring: The Mediating Role of Antepartum Health Risks. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2021; 32:28-34. [PMID: 33424239 PMCID: PMC7788667 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to examine the effect of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the offspring and to examine the mediating role of antepartum health risk on the intergenera-tional transmission of maternal ACEs. Methods The participants consisted of 461 mother-child dyads. Mothers completed the ACEs questionnaire and Diagnostic Predictive Scales. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of ADHD symptoms in the offspring of mothers with ACEs and the mediating effect of antepartum health risks by path analysis. Results In all, 35.4% (n=163) had at least one maternal ACE, and 11.1% (n=51) had three or more. Compared to the non-ADHD symp-tom group, the group of offspring with ADHD symptoms showed a significant association with maternal ACE score (p<0.001) and an-tepartum health risks (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis further showed a significant association between the sum of maternal ACEs [odds ratio (OR)=1.264, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 1.060–1.516, p=0.009], antepartum health risks (OR=1.236, 95% CI=1.036–1.475, p= 0.019), and ADHD symptoms in the offspring. In the mediation model in which the mother’s ACE score affected the offspring’s ADHD symptoms, partial mediation through antepartum health risks was found to be significant (B=0.041, 95% CI=0.011–0.124). Conclusion Maternal ACEs are significantly related to the incidence of ADHD symptoms in the offspring and antepartum health risks exert an indirect effect. These findings suggest that maternal ACEs have a negative impact on the offspring’s brain development through intergenerational transmission, resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Soo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Bong
- Medical Course, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Ri Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Sung D, Park B, Kim B, Kim H, Jung KI, Lee SY, Kim BN, Park S, Park MH. Gray Matter Volume in the Developing Frontal Lobe and Its Relationship With Executive Function in Late Childhood and Adolescence: A Community-Based Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:686174. [PMID: 34326786 PMCID: PMC8313766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.686174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During late childhood and adolescence, the frontal lobe undergoes critical developmental changes, affecting a wide range of executive functions significantly. Conversely, abnormality in the maturation of the frontal lobe during this period may result in a limited ability to effectively use various executive functions. However, at present, it is still unclear how the structural development of the frontal lobe is associated with different aspects of executive functions during this developmental period. To fill the gap in evidence, we aimed to elucidate gray matter volume (GMV) in the frontal lobe and its relationship with multiple aspects of executive functions in late childhood and adolescence. Methods: We recruited our participants aged between 6 and 17 years to assess GMV in the frontal lobe and its relationship with different domains of executive functions in late childhood and adolescence. We used the voxel-based morphometry-DARTEL procedure to measure GMVs in multiple frontal sub-regions and Stroop test and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) to measure executive functions. We then conducted partial correlation analyses and performed multiple comparisons with different age and sex groups. Results: Overall, 123 participants took part in our study. We found that many regional GMVs in the frontal lobe were negatively correlated with ATA scores in participants in late childhood and positively correlated with ATA scores in participants in adolescence. Only a few correlations of the GMVs with Stroop test scores were significant in both age groups. Although most of our results did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) correction (i.e., FDR <0.2), considering their novelty, we discussed our results based on uncorrected p-values. Our findings indicate that the frontal sub-regions that were involved in attentional networks may significantly improve during late childhood and become stabilized later in adolescence. Moreover, our findings with the Stroop test may also present the possibility of the later maturation of higher-order executive functioning skills. Conclusion: Although our findings were based on uncorrected p-values, the novelty of our findings may provide better insights into elucidating the maturation of the frontal lobe and its relationship with the development of attention networks in late childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajung Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-In Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Research Planning, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Hyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Objective: We investigated the interaction effect between the methylation of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and phthalate exposure in ADHD on continuous performance test (CPT) variables. Method: Urine concentrations of mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) were tested. The methylation status was analyzed for CpG sites of DRD4. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate the interaction effects of methylation and phthalate levels. Results: There was a significant interaction effect of the methylation of CpG26 and CpG28 with the MEHHP level on omission errors in ADHD patients, but not in controls. The post hoc analysis revealed a significant correlation between the MEHHP concentration and omission errors in the methylated group, but not in the unmethylated group. Conclusion: The interaction between the methylation status of CpG sites of DRD4, particularly CpG26 and CpG28, and phthalate metabolite levels affects the attention level in ADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Shin
- LabGenomics, Bundang-gu, Seong-nam city, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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