1
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Kang H, Lee CJ. Transmembrane proteins with unknown function (TMEMs) as ion channels: electrophysiological properties, structure, and pathophysiological roles. Exp Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s12276-024-01206-1. [PMID: 38556553 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A transmembrane (TMEM) protein with an unknown function is a type of membrane-spanning protein expressed in the plasma membrane or the membranes of intracellular organelles. Recently, several TMEM proteins have been identified as functional ion channels. The structures and functions of these proteins have been extensively studied over the last two decades, starting with TMEM16A (ANO1). In this review, we provide a summary of the electrophysiological properties of known TMEM proteins that function as ion channels, such as TMEM175 (KEL), TMEM206 (PAC), TMEM38 (TRIC), TMEM87A (GolpHCat), TMEM120A (TACAN), TMEM63 (OSCA), TMEM150C (Tentonin3), and TMEM43 (Gapjinc). Additionally, we examine the unique structural features of these channels compared to those of other well-known ion channels. Furthermore, we discuss the diverse physiological roles of these proteins in lysosomal/endosomal/Golgi pH regulation, intracellular Ca2+ regulation, spatial memory, cell migration, adipocyte differentiation, and mechanical pain, as well as their pathophysiological roles in Parkinson's disease, cancer, osteogenesis imperfecta, infantile hypomyelination, cardiomyopathy, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. This review highlights the potential for the discovery of novel ion channels within the TMEM protein family and the development of new therapeutic targets for related channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Kang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Chae U, Chun H, Lim J, Shin H, Smith WC, Choi JW, Park KD, Lee CJ, Cho IJ. KDS2010, a reversible MAO-B inhibitor, extends the lifetime of neural probes by preventing glial scar formation. Glia 2024; 72:748-758. [PMID: 38200694 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Implantable neural probes have been extensively utilized in the fields of neurocircuitry, systems neuroscience, and brain-computer interface. However, the long-term functionality of these devices is hampered by the formation of glial scar and astrogliosis at the surface of electrodes. In this study, we administered KDS2010, a recently developed reversible MAO-B inhibitor, to mice through ad libitum drinking in order to prevent glial scar formation and astrogliosis. The administration of KDS2010 allowed long-term recordings of neural signals with implantable devices, which remained stable over a period of 6 months and even restored diminished neural signals after probe implantation. KDS2010 effectively prevented the formation of glial scar, which consists of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia around the implant. Furthermore, it restored neural activity by disinhibiting astrocytic MAO-B dependent tonic GABA inhibition induced by astrogliosis. We suggest that the use of KDS2010 is a promising approach to prevent glial scar formation around the implant, thereby enabling long-term functionality of neural devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uikyu Chae
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Chun
- Yonsei-SLBigen Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyogeun Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wesley Charles Smith
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Koh W, Lee CJ. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of tonic gamma-aminobutyric acid from reactive astrocytes in brain diseases. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1642. [PMID: 38558537 PMCID: PMC10983021 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and SocialityLife Science ClusterInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonSouth Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and SocialityLife Science ClusterInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonSouth Korea
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4
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Berndt A, Lee J, Won W, Kimball K, Neiswanger C, Schattauer S, Wang Y, Yeboah F, Ruiz M, Evitts K, Rappleye M, Bremner S, Chun C, Smith N, Mack D, Young J, Lee CJ, Chavkin C. Ultra-fast genetically encoded sensor for precise real-time monitoring of physiological and pathophysiological peroxide dynamics. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4048855. [PMID: 38585715 PMCID: PMC10996778 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4048855/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is a central oxidant in redox biology due to its pleiotropic role in physiology and pathology. However, real-time monitoring of H2O2 in living cells and tissues remains a challenge. We address this gap with the development of an optogenetic hydRogen perOxide Sensor (oROS), leveraging the bacterial peroxide binding domain OxyR. Previously engineered OxyR-based fluorescent peroxide sensors lack the necessary sensitivity and response speed for effective real-time monitoring. By structurally redesigning the fusion of Escherichia coli (E. coli) ecOxyR with a circularly permutated green fluorescent protein (cpGFP), we created a novel, green-fluorescent peroxide sensor oROS-G. oROS-G exhibits high sensitivity and fast on-and-off kinetics, ideal for monitoring intracellular H2O2 dynamics. We successfully tracked real-time transient and steady-state H2O2 levels in diverse biological systems, including human stem cell-derived neurons and cardiomyocytes, primary neurons and astrocytes, and mouse brain ex vivo and in vivo. These applications demonstrate oROS's capabilities to monitor H2O2 as a secondary response to pharmacologically induced oxidative stress and when adapting to varying metabolic stress. We showcased the increased oxidative stress in astrocytes via Aβ-putriscine-MAOB axis, highlighting the sensor's relevance in validating neurodegenerative disease models. Lastly, we demonstrated acute opioid-induced generation of H2O2 signal in vivo which highlights redox-based mechanisms of GPCR regulation. oROS is a versatile tool, offering a window into the dynamic landscape of H2O2 signaling. This advancement paves the way for a deeper understanding of redox physiology, with significant implications for understanding diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Shin HJ, Kim IS, Choi SG, Lee K, Park H, Shin J, Kim D, Beom J, Yi YY, Gupta DP, Song GJ, Chung WS, Lee CJ, Kim DW. Rejuvenating aged microglia by p16 ink4a-siRNA-loaded nanoparticles increases amyloid-β clearance in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:25. [PMID: 38493185 PMCID: PMC10943801 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent accumulation of amyloid plaques in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with reduced amyloid clearance. Older microglia have a reduced ability to phagocytose amyloid, so phagocytosis of amyloid plaques by microglia could be regulated to prevent amyloid accumulation. Furthermore, considering the aging-related disruption of cell cycle machinery in old microglia, we hypothesize that regulating their cell cycle could rejuvenate them and enhance their ability to promote more efficient amyloid clearance. First, we used gene ontology analysis of microglia from young and old mice to identify differential expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16ink4a), a cell cycle factor related to aging. We found that p16ink4a expression was increased in microglia near amyloid plaques in brain tissue from patients with AD and 5XFAD mice, a model of AD. In BV2 microglia, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated p16ink4a downregulation transformed microglia with enhanced amyloid phagocytic capacity through regulated the cell cycle and increased cell proliferation. To regulate microglial phagocytosis by gene transduction, we used poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, which predominantly target microglia, to deliver the siRNA and to control microglial reactivity. Nanoparticle-based delivery of p16ink4a siRNA reduced amyloid plaque formation and the number of aged microglia surrounding the plaque and reversed learning deterioration and spatial memory deficits. We propose that downregulation of p16ink4a in microglia is a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gyu Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kayoung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Beom
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepak Prasad Gupta
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim H, Choi S, Lee E, Koh W, Lee CJ. Tonic NMDAR Currents in the Brain: Regulation and Cognitive Functions. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01147-8. [PMID: 38490367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Synaptically localized N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a crucial role in important cognitive functions by mediating synaptic transmission and plasticity. In contrast, a tonic NMDAR current exists, thought to be mediated by extrasynaptic NMDARs, with a less clear function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tonic NMDAR currents, focusing on their roles in synaptic transmission/plasticity and their impact on cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders. We discuss the roles of three endogenous ligands (i.e. glutamate, glycine, and D-serine) and receptors in mediating tonic NMDAR currents and explore the diverse mechanisms that regulate tonic NMDAR currents. In light of recent controversies surrounding the source of D-serine, we highlight the recent findings suggesting that astrocytes release D-serine to modulate tonic NMDAR currents and control cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, we propose the distinct roles of neuronal and astrocytic D-serine in different locations and their implications on synaptic regulation and cognitive functions. The potential roles of tonic NMDAR currents in various psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), are discussed in the context of the NMDAR hypofunction hypothesis. By presenting the mechanisms in which various cells, particularly astrocytes, regulate tonic NMDAR currents, we aim to stimulate future research in NMDAR hypofunction- or hyperfunction-related psychiatric disorders. This review will not only provide a better understanding of the complex interplay between tonic NMDAR currents and cognitive functions but also shed light on its potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Sunyeong Choi
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Euisun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, South Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, South Korea.
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7
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Park JW, Park SE, Koh W, Jang WH, Choi JH, Roh E, Kang GM, Kim SJ, Lim HS, Park CB, Jeong SY, Moon SY, Lee CH, Kim SY, Choi HJ, Min SH, Lee CJ, Kim MS. Hypothalamic astrocyte NAD + salvage pathway mediates the coupling of dietary fat overconsumption in a mouse model of obesity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2102. [PMID: 38453901 PMCID: PMC10920699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ serves as a crucial coenzyme in numerous essential biological reactions, and its cellular availability relies on the activity of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-catalyzed salvage pathway. Here we show that treatment with saturated fatty acids activates the NAD+ salvage pathway in hypothalamic astrocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of this pathway mitigates hypothalamic inflammation and attenuates the development of obesity in male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Mechanistically, CD38 functions downstream of the NAD+ salvage pathway in hypothalamic astrocytes burdened with excess fat. The activation of the astrocytic NAMPT-NAD+-CD38 axis in response to fat overload induces proinflammatory responses in the hypothalamus. It also leads to aberrantly activated basal Ca2+ signals and compromised Ca2+ responses to metabolic hormones such as insulin, leptin, and glucagon-like peptide 1, ultimately resulting in dysfunctional hypothalamic astrocytes. Our findings highlight the significant contribution of the hypothalamic astrocytic NAD+ salvage pathway, along with its downstream CD38, to HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Korea
| | - Won Hee Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jong Han Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, 05030, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14068, Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Chae Beom Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Kim HJ, Phan TT, Lee K, Kim JS, Lee SY, Lee JM, Do J, Lee D, Kim SP, Lee KP, Park J, Lee CJ, Park JM. Long-lasting forms of plasticity through patterned ultrasound-induced brainwave entrainment. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk3198. [PMID: 38394205 PMCID: PMC10889366 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Achieving long-lasting neuronal modulation with low-intensity, low-frequency ultrasound is challenging. Here, we devised theta burst ultrasound stimulation (TBUS) with gamma bursts for brain entrainment and modulation of neuronal plasticity in the mouse motor cortex. We demonstrate that two types of TBUS, intermittent and continuous TBUS, induce bidirectional long-term potentiation or depression-like plasticity, respectively, as evidenced by changes in motor-evoked potentials. These effects depended on molecular pathways associated with long-term plasticity, including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B activation, as well as de novo protein synthesis. Notably, bestrophin-1 and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 play important roles in these enduring effects. Moreover, pretraining TBUS enhances the acquisition of previously unidentified motor skills. Our study unveils a promising protocol for ultrasound neuromodulation, enabling noninvasive and sustained modulation of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jeong Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Thuy Phan
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunhyung Lee
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeong Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Moo Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongrok Do
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Phil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Pil Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyoung Park
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Min Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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9
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Lee JD, Won W, Kimball K, Wang Y, Yeboah F, Evitts KM, Neiswanger C, Schattauer S, Rappleye M, Bremner SB, Chun C, Smith N, Mack DL, Young JE, Lee CJ, Chavkin C, Berndt A. Structure-guided engineering of a fast genetically encoded sensor for real-time H 2O 2 monitoring. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.31.578117. [PMID: 38352381 PMCID: PMC10862829 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is a central oxidant in redox biology due to its pleiotropic role in physiology and pathology. However, real-time monitoring of H2O2 in living cells and tissues remains a challenge. We address this gap with the development of an optogenetic hydRogen perOxide Sensor (oROS), leveraging the bacterial peroxide binding domain OxyR. Previously engineered OxyR-based fluorescent peroxide sensors lack the necessary sensitivity or response speed for effective real-time monitoring. By structurally redesigning the fusion of Escherichia coli (E. coli) ecOxyR with a circularly permutated green fluorescent protein (cpGFP), we created a novel, green-fluorescent peroxide sensor oROS-G. oROS-G exhibits high sensitivity and fast on-and-off kinetics, ideal for monitoring intracellular H2O2 dynamics. We successfully tracked real-time transient and steady-state H2O2 levels in diverse biological systems, including human stem cell-derived neurons and cardiomyocytes, primary neurons and astrocytes, and mouse neurons and astrocytes in ex vivo brain slices. These applications demonstrate oROS's capabilities to monitor H2O2 as a secondary response to pharmacologically induced oxidative stress, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-induced cell signaling, and when adapting to varying metabolic stress. We showcased the increased oxidative stress in astrocytes via Aβ-putriscine-MAOB axis, highlighting the sensor's relevance in validating neurodegenerative disease models. oROS is a versatile tool, offering a window into the dynamic landscape of H2O2 signaling. This advancement paves the way for a deeper understanding of redox physiology, with significant implications for diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Daho Lee
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience of Addiction, Pain and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Woojin Won
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kandace Kimball
- Center for Neuroscience of Addiction, Pain and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fred Yeboah
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kira M Evitts
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlie Neiswanger
- Center for Neuroscience of Addiction, Pain and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Selena Schattauer
- Center for Neuroscience of Addiction, Pain and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Rappleye
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samantha B Bremner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Changho Chun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Netta Smith
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica E Young
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles Chavkin
- Center for Neuroscience of Addiction, Pain and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andre Berndt
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience of Addiction, Pain and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Kim JY, Kim TY, Son SR, Kim SY, Kwon J, Kwon HC, Lee CJ, Jang DS. Triterpenoidal Saponins from the Leaves of Aster koraiensis Offer Inhibitory Activities against SARS-CoV-2. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:303. [PMID: 38276760 PMCID: PMC10819127 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Triterpenoidal saponins have been reported to be able to restrain SARS-CoV-2 infection. To isolate antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2 from the leaves of Aster koraiensis, we conducted multiple steps of column chromatography. We isolated six triperpenoidal saponins from A. koraiensis leaves, including three unreported saponins. Their chemical structures were determined using HR-MS and NMR data analyses. Subsequently, we tested the isolates to assess their ability to impede the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (pSARS-CoV-2) into ACE2+ H1299 cells and found that five of the six isolates displayed antiviral activity with an IC50 value below 10 μM. Notably, one unreported saponin, astersaponin J (1), blocks pSARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ and ACE2/TMPRSS2+ cells with similar IC50 values (2.92 and 2.96 μM, respectively), without any significant toxic effect. Furthermore, our cell-to-cell fusion and SARS-CoV-2 Spike-ACE2 binding assays revealed that astersaponin J inhibits membrane fusion, thereby blocking both entry pathways of SARS-CoV-2 while leaving the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and ACE2 unaffected. Overall, this study expands the list of antiviral saponins by introducing previously undescribed triterpenoidal saponins isolated from the leaves of A. koraiensis, thereby corroborating the potency of triterpenoid saponins in impeding SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-R.S.)
| | - Tai Young Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - So-Ri Son
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-R.S.)
| | - Suyeon Yellena Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Jaeyoung Kwon
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (H.C.K.)
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.K.); (S.-R.S.)
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11
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Bhalla M, Lee CJ. Long-term inhibition of ODC1 in APP/PS1 mice rescues amyloid pathology and switches astrocytes from a reactive to active state. Mol Brain 2024; 17:3. [PMID: 38216963 PMCID: PMC10785549 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the loss of memory due to aggregation of misphosphorylated tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain, elevated release of inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and reactive oxygen species from astrocytes, and subsequent neurodegeneration. Recently, it was found that enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) acts as a bridge between the astrocytic urea cycle and the putrescine-to-GABA conversion pathway in the brain of AD mouse models as well as human patients. In this study, we show that the long-term knockdown of astrocytic Odc1 in APP/PS1 animals was sufficient to completely clear Aβ plaques in the hippocampus while simultaneously switching the astrocytes from a detrimental reactive state to a regenerative active state, characterized by proBDNF expression. Our experiments also reveal an effect of astrocytic ODC1 inhibition on the expression of genes involved in synapse pruning and organization, histone modification, apoptotic signaling and protein processing. These genes are previously known to be associated with astrocytic activation and together create a neuroregeneration-supportive environment in the brain. By inhibiting ODC1 for a long period of 3 months in AD mice, we demonstrate that the beneficial amyloid-clearing process of astrocytes can be completely segregated from the systemically harmful astrocytic response to insult. Our study reports an almost complete clearance of Aβ plaques by controlling an endogenous degradation process, which also modifies the astrocytic state to create a regeneration-supportive environment in the brain. These findings present the potential of modulating astrocytic clearance of Aβ as a powerful therapeutic strategy against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Bhalla
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute (LSI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute (LSI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Wu J, Jin M, Tran Q, Kim M, Kim SI, Shin J, Park H, Shin N, Kang H, Shin HJ, Lee SY, Cui SB, Lee CJ, Lee WH, Kim DW. Employing the sustained-release properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles to reveal a novel mechanism of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 in neuropathic pain. Transl Res 2024; 263:53-72. [PMID: 37678757 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by injury or disease of the somatosensory system, and its course is usually chronic. Several studies have been dedicated to investigating neuropathic pain-related targets; however, little attention has been paid to the persistent alterations that these targets, some of which may be crucial to the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. The present study aimed to identify potential targets that may play a crucial role in neuropathic pain and validate their long-term impact. Through bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing results, we identified Slc9a1 and validated the reduced expression of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), the protein that Slc9a1 encodes, in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model. Colocalization analysis revealed that NHE1 is primarily co-localized with vesicular glutamate transporter 2-positive neurons. In vitro experiments confirmed that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with siRNA successfully inhibited NHE1 in SH-SY5Y cells, lowered intracellular pH, and increased intracellular calcium concentrations. In vivo experiments showed that sustained suppression of spinal NHE1 expression by siRNA-loaded nanoparticles resulted in delayed hyperalgesia in naïve and SNL model rats, whereas amiloride-induced transient suppression of NHE1 expression yielded no significant changes in pain sensitivity. We identified Slc9a1, which encodes NHE1, as a key gene in neuropathic pain. Utilizing the sustained release properties of nanoparticles enabled us to elucidate the chronic role of decreased NHE1 expression, establishing its significance in the mechanisms of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Wu
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Yanji Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Quangdon Tran
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratories, Hai Phong International Hospital, Hai Phong City, Vietnam
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Song I Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Kang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeul Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Biao Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Park MG, Kim SY, Lee CJ. DMSO-tolerant ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) tandem assay optimised for high-throughput screening. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:309-318. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2150186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingu Gordon Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Suyeon Yellena Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
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14
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Won W, Kim D, Shin E, Lee CJ. Mapping Astrocytic and Neuronal μ-opioid Receptor Expression in Various Brain Regions Using MOR-mCherry Reporter Mouse. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:395-409. [PMID: 38196135 PMCID: PMC10789176 DOI: 10.5607/en23039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) is a class of opioid receptors characterized by a high affinity for β-endorphin and morphine. MOR is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a role in reward and analgesic effects. While expression of MOR has been well established in neurons and microglia, astrocytic MOR expression has been less clear. Recently, we have reported that MOR is expressed in hippocampal astrocytes, and its activation has a critical role in the establishment of conditioned place preference. Despite this critical role, the expression and function of astrocytic MOR from other brain regions are still unknown. Here, we report that MOR is significantly expressed in astrocytes and GABAergic neurons from various brain regions including the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal gray, amygdala, and arcuate nucleus. Using the MOR-mCherry reporter mice and Imaris analysis, we demonstrate that astrocytic MOR expression exceeded 60% in all tested regions. Also, we observed similar MOR expression of GABAergic neurons as shown in the previous distribution studies and it is noteworthy that MOR expression is particularly in parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons. Furthermore, consistent with the normal MOR function observed in the MOR-mCherry mouse, our study also demonstrates intact MOR functionality in astrocytes through iGluSnFr-mediated glutamate imaging. Finally, we show the sex-difference in the expression pattern of MOR in PV-positive neurons, but not in the GABAergic neurons and astrocytes. Taken together, our findings highlight a substantial astrocytic MOR presence across various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Won
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Eunjin Shin
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
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15
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Noh K, Cho WH, Lee BH, Kim DW, Kim YS, Park K, Hwang M, Barcelon E, Cho YK, Lee CJ, Yoon BE, Choi SY, Park HY, Jun SB, Lee SJ. Author Correction: Cortical astrocytes modulate dominance behavior in male mice by regulating synaptic excitatory and inhibitory balance. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:2250. [PMID: 37752348 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Noh
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Cho
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hun Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keebum Park
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Hwang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ellane Barcelon
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Cho
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sang Beom Jun
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in Smart Factory, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Sa M, Yoo ES, Koh W, Park MG, Jang HJ, Yang YR, Bhalla M, Lee JH, Lim J, Won W, Kwon J, Kwon JH, Seong Y, Kim B, An H, Lee SE, Park KD, Suh PG, Sohn JW, Lee CJ. Author Correction: Hypothalamic GABRA5-positive neurons control obesity via astrocytic GABA. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1838. [PMID: 37845467 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moonsun Sa
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seon Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Gordon Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mridula Bhalla
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Won
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Seong
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungeun Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung An
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Virus Facility, Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Lee K, Lee JM, Phan TT, Lee CJ, Park JM, Park J. Ultrasonocoverslip: In-vitro platform for high-throughput assay of cell type-specific neuromodulation with ultra-low-intensity ultrasound stimulation. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1533-1548. [PMID: 37909109 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain stimulation with ultra-low-intensity ultrasound has rarely been investigated due to the lack of a reliable device to measure small neuronal signal changes made by the ultra-low intensity range. We propose Ultrasonocoverslip, an ultrasound-transducer-integrated-glass-coverslip that determines the minimum intensity for brain cell activation. Brain cells can be cultured directly on Ultrasonocoverslip to simultaneously deliver uniform ultrasonic pressure to hundreds of cells with real-time monitoring of cellular responses using fluorescence microscopy and single-cell electrophysiology. The sensitivity for detecting small responses to ultra-low-intensity ultrasound can be improved by averaging simultaneously obtained responses. Acoustic absorbers can be placed under Ultrasonocoverslip, and stimuli distortions are substantially reduced to precisely deliver user-intended acoustic stimulations. With the proposed device, we discover the lowest acoustic threshold to induce reliable neuronal excitation releasing glutamate. Furthermore, mechanistic studies on the device show that the ultra-low-intensity ultrasound stimulation induces cell type-specific neuromodulation by activating astrocyte-mediated neuronal excitation without direct neuronal involvement. The performance of ultra-low-intensity stimulation is validated by in vivo experiments demonstrating improved safety and specificity in motor modulation of tail movement compared to that with supra-watt-intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunhyung Lee
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Moo Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Thuy Phan
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Min Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhyoung Park
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Noh K, Cho WH, Lee BH, Kim DW, Kim YS, Park K, Hwang M, Barcelon E, Cho YK, Lee CJ, Yoon BE, Choi SY, Park HY, Jun SB, Lee SJ. Cortical astrocytes modulate dominance behavior in male mice by regulating synaptic excitatory and inhibitory balance. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1541-1554. [PMID: 37563296 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Social hierarchy is established as an outcome of individual social behaviors, such as dominance behavior during long-term interactions with others. Astrocytes are implicated in optimizing the balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neuronal activity, which may influence social behavior. However, the contribution of astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex to dominance behavior is unclear. Here we show that dorsomedial prefrontal cortical (dmPFC) astrocytes modulate E/I balance and dominance behavior in adult male mice using in vivo fiber photometry and two-photon microscopy. Optogenetic and chemogenetic activation or inhibition of dmPFC astrocytes show that astrocytes bidirectionally control male mouse dominance behavior, affecting social rank. Dominant and subordinate male mice present distinct prefrontal synaptic E/I balance, regulated by astrocyte activity. Mechanistically, we show that dmPFC astrocytes control cortical E/I balance by simultaneously enhancing presynaptic-excitatory and reducing postsynaptic-inhibitory transmission via astrocyte-derived glutamate and ATP release, respectively. Our findings show how dmPFC astrocyte-neuron communication can be involved in the establishment of social hierarchy in adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Noh
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Cho
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hun Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keebum Park
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Hwang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ellane Barcelon
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Cho
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sang Beom Jun
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in Smart Factory, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter released at GABAergic synapses, mediating fast-acting phasic inhibition. Emerging lines of evidence unequivocally indicate that a small amount of extracellular GABA - GABA tone - exists in the brain and induces a tonic GABA current that controls neuronal activity on a slow timescale relative to that of phasic inhibition. Surprisingly, studies indicate that glial cells that synthesize GABA, such as astrocytes, release GABA through non-vesicular mechanisms, such as channel-mediated release, and thereby act as the source of GABA tone in the brain. In this Review, we first provide an overview of major advances in our understanding of the cell-specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of GABA synthesis, release and clearance that regulate GABA tone in various brain regions. We next examine the diverse ways in which the tonic GABA current regulates synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity through extrasynaptic GABAA-receptor-mediated mechanisms. Last, we discuss the physiological mechanisms through which tonic inhibition modulates cognitive function on a slow timescale. In this Review, we emphasize that the cognitive functions of tonic GABA current extend beyond mere inhibition, laying a foundation for future research on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of GABA tone regulation in normal and abnormal psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hankyul Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.
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20
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Sa M, Yoo ES, Koh W, Park MG, Jang HJ, Yang YR, Bhalla M, Lee JH, Lim J, Won W, Kwon J, Kwon JH, Seong Y, Kim B, An H, Lee SE, Park KD, Suh PG, Sohn JW, Lee CJ. Hypothalamic GABRA5-positive neurons control obesity via astrocytic GABA. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1506-1525. [PMID: 37653043 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) regulates food intake and energy balance. Although LHA neurons innervate adipose tissues, the identity of neurons that regulate fat is undefined. Here we show that GABRA5-positive neurons in LHA (GABRA5LHA) polysynaptically project to brown and white adipose tissues in the periphery. GABRA5LHA are a distinct subpopulation of GABAergic neurons and show decreased pacemaker firing in diet-induced obesity mouse models in males. Chemogenetic inhibition of GABRA5LHA suppresses fat thermogenesis and increases weight gain, whereas gene silencing of GABRA5 in LHA decreases weight gain. In the diet-induced obesity mouse model, GABRA5LHA are tonically inhibited by nearby reactive astrocytes releasing GABA, which is synthesized by monoamine oxidase B (Maob). Gene silencing of astrocytic Maob in LHA facilitates fat thermogenesis and reduces weight gain significantly without affecting food intake, which is recapitulated by administration of a Maob inhibitor, KDS2010. We propose that firing of GABRA5LHA suppresses fat accumulation and selective inhibition of astrocytic GABA is a molecular target for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsun Sa
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seon Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Gordon Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mridula Bhalla
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Won
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Seong
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungeun Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung An
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Virus Facility, Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Diep YN, Park HJ, Kwon JH, Tran M, Ko HY, Jo H, Kim J, Chung JI, Kim TY, Kim D, Chang JH, Kang YJ, Lee CJ, Yun M, Cho H. Astrocytic scar restricting glioblastoma via glutamate-MAO-B activity in glioblastoma-microglia assembloid. Biomater Res 2023; 27:71. [PMID: 37468961 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glial scar formation is a reactive glial response confining injured regions in a central nervous system. However, it remains challenging to identify key factors formulating glial scar in response to glioblastoma (GBM) due to complex glia-GBM crosstalk. METHODS Here, we constructed an astrocytic scar enclosing GBM in a human assembloid and a mouse xenograft model. GBM spheroids were preformed and then co-cultured with microglia and astrocytes in 3D Matrigel. For the xenograft model, U87-MG cells were subcutaneously injected to the Balb/C nude female mice. RESULTS Additional glutamate was released from GBM-microglia assembloid by 3.2-folds compared to GBM alone. The glutamate upregulated astrocytic monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) deposition, forming the astrocytic scar and restricting GBM growth. Attenuating scar formation by the glutamate-MAO-B inhibition increased drug penetration into GBM assembloid, while reducing GBM confinement. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study suggests that astrocytic scar could be a critical modulator in GBM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen N Diep
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Tran
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhee Jo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-In Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Young Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung Kang
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Korea University-Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Chae U, Woo J, Cho Y, Han JK, Yang SH, Yang E, Shin H, Kim H, Yu HY, Lee CJ, Cho IJ. A neural probe for concurrent real-time measurement of multiple neurochemicals with electrophysiology in multiple brain regions in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219231120. [PMID: 37399389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219231120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of various neurochemicals with high spatial resolution in multiple brain regions in vivo can elucidate neural circuits related to various brain diseases. However, previous systems for monitoring neurochemicals have limitations in observing multiple neurochemicals without crosstalk in real time, and these methods cannot record electrical activity, which is essential for investigating neural circuits. Here, we present a real-time bimodal (RTBM) neural probe that uses monolithically integrated biosensors and multiple shanks to study the connectivity of neural circuits by measuring multiple neurochemicals and electrical neural activity in real time. Using the RTBM probe, we demonstrate concurrent measurements of four neurochemicals-glucose, lactate, choline, and glutamate without cross-talking each other-and electrical activity in real time in vivo. Additionally, we show the functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus through the simultaneous measurement of chemical and electrical signals. We expect that our device will contribute to not only elucidating the role of neurochemicals in neural circuits related to brain functions but also developing drugs for various brain diseases related to neurochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uikyu Chae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwan Woo
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yakdol Cho
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Han
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyogeun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Yong Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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23
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Nam MH, Ko HY, Kim D, Lee S, Park YM, Hyeon SJ, Won W, Chung JI, Kim SY, Jo HH, Oh KT, Han YE, Lee GH, Ju YH, Lee H, Kim H, Heo J, Bhalla M, Kim KJ, Kwon J, Stein TD, Kong M, Lee H, Lee SE, Oh SJ, Chun JH, Park MA, Park KD, Ryu H, Yun M, Lee CJ. Visualizing reactive astrocyte-neuron interaction in Alzheimer's disease using 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG. Brain 2023; 146:2957-2974. [PMID: 37062541 PMCID: PMC10517195 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a clinically validated neuroimaging probe to visualize the reactive astrogliosis is yet to be discovered. Here, we show that PET imaging with 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) functionally visualizes the reactive astrocyte-mediated neuronal hypometabolism in the brains with neuroinflammation and AD. To investigate the alterations of acetate and glucose metabolism in the diseased brains and their impact on the AD pathology, we adopted multifaceted approaches including microPET imaging, autoradiography, immunohistochemistry, metabolomics, and electrophysiology. Two AD rodent models, APP/PS1 and 5xFAD transgenic mice, one adenovirus-induced rat model of reactive astrogliosis, and post-mortem human brain tissues were used in this study. We further curated a proof-of-concept human study that included 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG PET imaging analyses along with neuropsychological assessments from 11 AD patients and 10 healthy control subjects. We demonstrate that reactive astrocytes excessively absorb acetate through elevated monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) in rodent models of both reactive astrogliosis and AD. The elevated acetate uptake is associated with reactive astrogliosis and boosts the aberrant astrocytic GABA synthesis when amyloid-β is present. The excessive astrocytic GABA subsequently suppresses neuronal activity, which could lead to glucose uptake through decreased glucose transporter-3 in the diseased brains. We further demonstrate that 11C-acetate uptake was significantly increased in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and temporo-parietal neocortex of the AD patients compared to the healthy controls, while 18F-FDG uptake was significantly reduced in the same regions. Additionally, we discover a strong correlation between the patients' cognitive function and the PET signals of both 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG. We demonstrate the potential value of PET imaging with 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG by visualizing reactive astrogliosis and the associated neuronal glucose hypometablosim for AD patients. Our findings further suggest that the acetate-boosted reactive astrocyte-neuron interaction could contribute to the cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Mason Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Won
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-In Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Hee Jo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Taek Oh
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Han
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Ho Lee
- Research Resources Division, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ha Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejun Heo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mridula Bhalla
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jung Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Pathology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mingyu Kong
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Resources Division, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Park
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Pathology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
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24
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Oh H, Lee S, Oh Y, Kim S, Kim YS, Yang Y, Choi W, Yoo YE, Cho H, Lee S, Yang E, Koh W, Won W, Kim R, Lee CJ, Kim H, Kang H, Kim JY, Ku T, Paik SB, Kim E. Kv7/KCNQ potassium channels in cortical hyperexcitability and juvenile seizure-related death in Ank2-mutant mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3547. [PMID: 37321992 PMCID: PMC10272139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social deficits, repetitive behaviors, and various comorbidities, including epilepsy. ANK2, which encodes a neuronal scaffolding protein, is frequently mutated in ASD, but its in vivo functions and disease-related mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that mice with Ank2 knockout restricted to cortical and hippocampal excitatory neurons (Ank2-cKO mice) show ASD-related behavioral abnormalities and juvenile seizure-related death. Ank2-cKO cortical neurons show abnormally increased excitability and firing rate. These changes accompanied decreases in the total level and function of the Kv7.2/KCNQ2 and Kv7.3/KCNQ3 potassium channels and the density of these channels in the enlengthened axon initial segment. Importantly, the Kv7 agonist, retigabine, rescued neuronal excitability, juvenile seizure-related death, and hyperactivity in Ank2-cKO mice. These results suggest that Ank2 regulates neuronal excitability by regulating the length of and Kv7 density in the AIS and that Kv7 channelopathy is involved in Ank2-related brain dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoseon Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Suho Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yusang Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seongbin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Young Seo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yeji Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanjiro, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28119, Korea
| | - Woochul Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Heejin Cho
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seungjoon Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Korea 21 Graduate Program, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, IBS, Daejeon, 34126, Korea
| | - Woojin Won
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, IBS, Daejeon, 34126, Korea
| | - Ryunhee Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, IBS, Daejeon, 34126, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Korea 21 Graduate Program, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanjiro, Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28119, Korea
| | - Taeyun Ku
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Se-Bum Paik
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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25
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Kim YS, Lee CJ, Kim JH, Kim YB, Colwell CS, Kim YI. Activation of mGluR1 negatively modulates glutamate-induced phase shifts of the circadian pacemaker in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2023; 14:100089. [PMID: 36874931 PMCID: PMC9982032 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2023.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, photic information delivered to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) plays a crucial role in synchronizing the master circadian clock located in the SCN to the solar cycle. It is well known that glutamate released from the RHT terminals initiates the synchronizing process by activating ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) on retinorecipient SCN neurons. The potential role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in modulating this signaling pathway has received less attention. In this study, using extracellular single-unit recordings in mouse SCN slices, we investigated the possible roles of the Gq/11 protein-coupled mGluRs, mGluR1 and mGluR5, in photic resetting. We found that mGluR1 activation in the early night produced phase advances in neural activity rhythms in the SCN, while activation in the late night produced phase delays. In contrast, mGluR5 activation had no significant effect on the phase of these rhythms. Interestingly, mGluR1 activation antagonized phase shifts induced by glutamate through a mechanism that was dependent upon CaV1.3 L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). While both mGluR1-evoked phase delays and advances were inhibited by knockout (KO) of CaV1.3 L-type VGCCs, different signaling pathways appeared to be involved in mediating these effects, with mGluR1 working via protein kinase G in the early night and via protein kinase A signaling in the late night. We conclude that, in the mouse SCN, mGluR1s function to negatively modulate glutamate-evoked phase shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sik Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Beom Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Yang In Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea
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26
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Alkahwaji AM, Shin HS, Lee CJ. Negative Influence of the Hunger State on Rule-observance Behavior in Mice. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:31-41. [PMID: 36919334 PMCID: PMC10017842 DOI: 10.5607/en22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing social strategies to share limited resources equally and maximize the long-term benefits of conflict resolution is critical for appropriate social interactions. During social interactions, social decision-making depends not only on the external environment, but also on internal factors, such as hunger, thirst, or fatigue. In particular, hunger, which is related to food as a physical need, plays a dominant role in social decision-making. However, the consequences of food deprivation on social decision-making are not well understood. We have previously shown that mice with rule-observance behavior are capable of resolving conflict during social decision-making by observing a well-established social strategy based on reward zone allocation. Here, we developed a rule-observance behavior paradigm wherein the hunger state is achieved by applying food restrictions on mice prior to social behavior experiments. We found that the hunger state in mice deteriorated the established social strategy by decreasing reaction time, implying an increase in impulsivity. In contrast, the hunger state did not affect reward zone allocation, indicating no effect on spatial memory. This decrease in reaction time led to a significant increase in the percentage of violations during rule observance and a significant decrease in the amount of reward (payoff equity). Our study proposes that the hunger state exerts a detrimental effect on appropriate social decision-making by decreasing reaction time, increasing violation, and decreasing payoff equity in rule-observance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman M Alkahwaji
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hee-Sup Shin
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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27
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Min KW, Kim N, Lee JH, Sung Y, Kim M, Lee EJ, Kim JM, Kim JH, Lee J, Cho W, Yang JM, Kim N, Kim J, Lee CJ, Park YG, Lee SH, Lee HW, Kim JW. Visuomotor anomalies in achiasmatic mice expressing a transfer-defective Vax1 mutant. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:385-400. [PMID: 36737666 PMCID: PMC9981622 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In binocular animals that exhibit stereoscopic visual responses, the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) connect to brain areas bilaterally by forming a commissure called the optic chiasm (OC). Ventral anterior homeobox 1 (Vax1) contributes to the formation of the OC, acting endogenously in optic pathway cells and exogenously in growing RGC axons. Here, we generated Vax1AA/AA mice expressing the Vax1AA mutant, which is incapable of intercellular transfer. We found that RGC axons cannot take up Vax1AA protein from the Vax1AA/AA mouse optic stalk (OS) and grow slowly to arrive at the hypothalamus at a late stage. The RGC axons of Vax1AA/AA mice connect exclusively to ipsilateral brain areas after failing to access the midline, resulting in reduced visual acuity and abnormal oculomotor responses. Overall, our study provides physiological evidence for the necessity of intercellular transfer of Vax1 and the importance of the bilateral RGC axon projection in proper visuomotor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Wook Min
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsuk Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Neurovascular Unit, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Sung
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Museong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Myeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjin Cho
- Department of Bio & Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Myung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk-ro 27, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeong-gi, Republic of Korea
| | - Nury Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyun Park
- Department of Bio & Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Seo DC, Ju YH, Seo JJ, Oh SJ, Lee CJ, Lee SE, Nam MH. DDC-Promoter-Driven Chemogenetic Activation of SNpc Dopaminergic Neurons Alleviates Parkinsonian Motor Symptoms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032491. [PMID: 36768816 PMCID: PMC9916413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with typical motor symptoms. Recent studies have suggested that excessive GABA from reactive astrocytes tonically inhibits dopaminergic neurons and reduces the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the key dopamine-synthesizing enzyme, in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). However, the expression of DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), another dopamine-synthesizing enzyme, is relatively spared, raising a possibility that the live but non-functional TH-negative/DDC-positive neurons could be the therapeutic target for rescuing PD motor symptoms. However, due to the absence of a validated DDC-specific promoter, manipulating DDC-positive neuronal activity has not been tested as a therapeutic strategy for PD. Here, we developed an AAV vector expressing mCherry under rat DDC promoter (AAV-rDDC-mCherry) and validated the specificity in the rat SNpc. Modifying this vector, we expressed hM3Dq (Gq-DREADD) under DDC promoter in the SNpc and ex vivo electrophysiologically validated the functionality. In the A53T-mutated alpha-synuclein overexpression model of PD, the chemogenetic activation of DDC-positive neurons in the SNpc significantly alleviated the parkinsonian motor symptoms and rescued the nigrostriatal TH expression. Altogether, our DDC-promoter will allow dopaminergic neuron-specific gene delivery in rodents. Furthermore, we propose that the activation of dormant dopaminergic neurons could be a potential therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chan Seo
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ha Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Seo
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Technological Convergence Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.E.L.); (M.-H.N.)
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science & Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.E.L.); (M.-H.N.)
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29
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Greenberg SB, Ocampo AA, Xue Z, Chang NC, Thakkar KP, Reddy SB, Lee CJ, Ketchem CJ, Redd WD, Eluri S, Reed CC, Dellon ES. Increasing Rates of Esophageal Stricture and Dilation Over 2 Decades in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastro Hep Adv 2022; 2:521-523. [PMID: 37293573 PMCID: PMC10249492 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S B Greenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - A A Ocampo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Z Xue
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - N C Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - K P Thakkar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - S B Reddy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - C J Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - C J Ketchem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - W D Redd
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - S Eluri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - C C Reed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - E S Dellon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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30
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Phạm TL, Noh C, Neupane C, Sharma R, Shin HJ, Park KD, Lee CJ, Kim HW, Lee SY, Park JB. MAO-B Inhibitor, KDS2010, Alleviates Spinal Nerve Ligation-induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats Through Competitively Blocking the BDNF/TrkB/NR2B Signaling. J Pain 2022; 23:2092-2109. [PMID: 35940543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MAO-B inhibitors have been implicated to reverse neuropathic pain behaviors. Our previous study has demonstrated that KDS2010 (KDS), a newly developed reversible MAO-B inhibitor, could attenuate Paclitaxel (PTX)-induced tactile hypersensitivity in mice through suppressing reactive oxidant species (ROS)-decreased inhibitory GABA synaptic transmission in the spinal cord. In this study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of KDS under a new approach, in which KDS acts on dorsal horn sensory neurons to reduce excitatory transmission. Oral administration of KDS effectively enhanced mechanical thresholds in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) induced neuropathic pain in rats. Moreover, we discovered that although treatment with KDS increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, KDS inhibited Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor activation, suppressing increased p-NR2B-induced hyperexcitability in spinal dorsal horn sensory neurons after nerve injury. In addition, KDS showed its anti-inflammatory effects by reducing microgliosis and astrogliosis and the activation of MAPK and NF-ᴋB inflammatory pathways in these glial cells. The levels of ROS production in the spinal cords after the SNL procedure were also decreased with KDS treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that KDS may represent a promising therapeutic option for treating neuropathic pain. PERSPECTIVE: Our study provides evidence suggesting the mechanisms by which KDS, a novel MAO-B inhibitor, can be effective in pain relief. KDS, by targeting multiple mechanisms involved in BDNF/TrkB/NR2B-related excitatory transmission and neuroinflammation, may represent the next future of pain medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuỳ Linh Phạm
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Histo-Pathology, Hai Phong University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Hai Phong 042-12, Vietnam
| | - Chan Noh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjivi Neupane
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Kim S, Kwon J, Park MG, Lee CJ. Dopamine-induced astrocytic Ca 2+ signaling in mPFC is mediated by MAO-B in young mice, but by dopamine receptors in adult mice. Mol Brain 2022; 15:90. [PMID: 36397051 PMCID: PMC9670619 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) plays a vital role in brain physiology and pathology such as learning and memory, motor control, neurological diseases, and psychiatric diseases. In neurons, it has been well established that DA increases or decreases intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) through D1-like or D2-like dopamine receptors, respectively. In contrast, it has been elusive how astrocytes respond to DA via Ca2+ signaling and regulate synaptic transmission and reward systems. Previous studies suggest various molecular targets such as MAO-B, D1R, or D1R-D2R heteromer to modulate astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. However, which molecular target is utilized under what physiological condition remains unclear. Here, we show that DA-induced astrocytic Ca2+ signaling pathway switches during development: MAO-B is the major player at a young age (5-6 weeks), whereas DA receptors (DARs) are responsible for the adult period (8-12 weeks). DA-mediated Ca2+ response in the adult period was decreased by either D1R or D2R blockers, which are primarily known for cyclic AMP signaling (Gs and Gi pathway, respectively), suggesting that this Ca2+ response might be mediated through Gq pathway by D1R-D2R heterodimer. Moreover, DAR-mediated Ca2+ response was not blocked by TTX, implying that this response is not a secondary response caused by neuronal activation. Our study proposes an age-specific molecular target of DA-induced astrocytic Ca2+ signaling: MAO-B in young mice and DAR in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunpil Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Cognition and Sociality, Cognitive Glioscience Group, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-Ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon, 34126 Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Kwon
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Cognition and Sociality, Cognitive Glioscience Group, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-Ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon, 34126 Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Gordon Park
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Cognition and Sociality, Cognitive Glioscience Group, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-Ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon, 34126 Republic of Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Cognition and Sociality, Cognitive Glioscience Group, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-Ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon, 34126 Republic of Korea
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32
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Lee JM, Gadhe CG, Kang H, Pae AN, Lee CJ. Glutamate Permeability of Chicken Best1. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:277-288. [PMID: 36351838 PMCID: PMC9659495 DOI: 10.5607/en22038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bestrophin-1 (Best1) is a calcium (Ca2+)-activated chloride (Cl-) channel which has a phylogenetically conserved channel structure with an aperture and neck in the ion-conducting pathway. Mammalian mouse Best1 (mBest1) has been known to have a permeability for large organic anions including gluconate, glutamate, and D-serine, in addition to several small monovalent anions, such as Cl‑, bromine (Br-), iodine (I-), and thiocyanate (SCN-). However, it is still unclear whether non-mammalian Best1 has a glutamate permeability through the ion-conducting pathway. Here, we report that chicken Best1 (cBest1) is permeable to glutamate in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed a glutamate binding at the aperture and neck of cBest1 and a glutamate permeation through the ion-conducting pore, respectively. Moreover, through electrophysiological recordings, we calculated the permeability ratio of glutamate to Cl- (PGlutamate/PCl) as 0.28 based on the reversal potential shift by ion substitution from Cl- to glutamate in the internal solution. Finally, we directly detected the Ca2+-dependent glutamate release through cBest1 using the ultrasensitive two-cell sniffer patch technique. Our results propose that Best1 homologs from non-mammalian (cBest1) to mammalian (mBest1) have a conserved permeability for glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Moo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | | | - Hyunji Kang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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33
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Kim S, Kim J, Park YM, Suh PG, Lee CJ. Visuosocial Preference Memory, but Not Avoidance Memory, Requires PLCγ1 in the CA2 Hippocampus. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:332-342. [DOI: 10.5607/en22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunpil Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Emotion, Cognition and Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Yongmin Mason Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Kim TY, Kim JY, Kwon HC, Jeon S, Lee SJ, Jung H, Kim S, Jang DS, Lee CJ. Astersaponin I from Aster koraiensis is a natural viral fusion blocker that inhibits the infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and syncytium formation. Antiviral Res 2022; 208:105428. [PMID: 36252824 PMCID: PMC9568284 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants prolongs COVID-19 pandemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapeutics are currently available, there is still a need for development of safe and effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and also for preparedness for the next pandemic. Here, we discover that astersaponin I (AI), a triterpenoid saponin in Aster koraiensis inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry pathways at the plasma membrane and within the endosomal compartments mainly by increasing cholesterol content in the plasma membrane and interfering with the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 envelope with the host cell membrane. Moreover, we find that this functional property of AI as a fusion blocker enables it to inhibit the infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants including the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron with a similar efficacy, and the formation of syncytium, a multinucleated cells driven by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell-to-cell fusion. Finally, we claim that the triterpene backbone as well as the attached hydrophilic sugar moieties of AI are structurally important for its inhibitory activity against the membrane fusion event. Overall, this study demonstrates that AI is a natural viral fusion inhibitor and proposes that it can be a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against current COVID-19 pandemic and future outbreaks of novel viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Young Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, South Korea
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sol Ji Lee
- IBS Virus Facility, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Haejin Jung
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Research Solution Center, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea.
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Cha Y, Kim HE, Jeon SB, Park SW, Lee SH, Lee CJ. PCSK9 modulates the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protein that affects cholesterol homeostasis. Recent research has found that PCSK9 has various effects on the heart that are unrelated to LDL cholesterol regulation. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role during heart development, and it is re-activated in response to cardiac injury. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 (LRP5) act as co-receptors of Wnt ligands and are indispensable for Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction. However, it is not fully elucidated whether other members of the LDLR-superfamily may be targets of PCSK9.
Purpose
This study aimed to determine if LRP5 is a PCSK9 target, study the association between PCSK9 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and elucidate its effect on myocardial infarction in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Methods
The expression of Lrp5, phospho-β-catenin, total β-catenin was evaluated by western blot analysis, and the effects of overexpressed PCSK9 were tested under normoxia, hypoxia, or hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) in mouse cardiomyocytes (HL-1). The transcriptional activity of β-catenin was assessed using the TOP-Flash/FOP-Flash luciferase reporter assay. In addition, the impact on various downstream targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was assessed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To examine whether PCSK9 regulates injury of cardiomyocytes in vivo, we subjected transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PCSK9 (PCSK9 TG) and wild-type (WT) mice to either sham surgery or ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) surgery.
Results
Under hypoxic conditions, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related genes were downregulated in HL-1 cells, as evidenced by lower Lrp5 and active phospho-β-catenin expression levels (0.5-fold, n=3, p<0.01). After H/R, the Wnt/β-catenin-related genes were recovered (1.5-fold, p<0.01) in the control group but not in the PCSK9 overexpressed group. In the luciferase reporter assay results, PCSK9 overexpression inhibited the recovery of β-catenin transcriptional activity after H/R, in contrast to the control group. Furthermore, mRNA levels of Axin2, Cyclin D1, which are the Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream pathway targets, were down-regulated under hypoxia and recovered after H/R but did not recover in PCSK9 overexpressed cells. In the mouse I/R model, the overall protein levels of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related genes were down-regulated in PCSK9 TG mice compared to WT mice after I/R injury.
Conclusions
These results indicated that the regulation of PCSK9 is closely associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway which may play a crucial role in damaged cardiomyocytes. It suggests that the regulation of PCSK9 could be a therapeutic target in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cha
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H E Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S B Jeon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C J Lee
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Kim SE, Chun KH, Oh J, Yu HT, Lee CJ, Kim TH, Pak HN, Lee MH, Joung B, Kang SM. Prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a well-established therapy for symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but the response is different for individuals. Although many modalities have been conducted to predict CRT response, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to predict CRT response has still insufficient usefulness.
Purpose
We determine whether the parameters including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) identified in CMR could act as predictors of CRT response.
Methods
We retrospectively investigated 124 patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent CMR before CRT implantation between Jan 2010 and July 2021 in a single center. CRT response was defined as a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) >15% on echocardiography after at least 3 months after CRT implantation.
Results
Among the study population (mean age 65.7±11.2 years, mean EF 25±6.5%, 50% of female), 85 (69%) patients were defined as CRT responder. The CRT responders had more left bundle branch block (LBBB) compared with non-responders [79 (92.9%) vs. 23 (59.0%), p<0.001], but there was a no difference of QRS duration (158.7 vs 165.0ms, p=0.054) between two groups. CMR analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the left ventricular (LV) chamber volume and LV ejection fraction between CRT-responder and non-responder. However, the right ventricular (RV) chamber volume was smaller (RV end-diastolic volume index, 86.3 vs 103.5 ml/m2, p=0.039; RV end-systolic volume index, 49.3 vs 68.5 ml/m2, p=0.013) and the RV ejection fraction (RVEF) was higher (46.9 vs 37.6%, p=0.002) in CRT-responders compared with non-responders. The LGE on CMR was more shown in non-responders than in CRT-responders [33 (84.6%) vs 45 (52.9%), p<0.001]. In CMR parameters, RV dysfunction (RVEF <45%) [Odds ratio (OR), 0.21 (0.05–0.93), p=0.045] and LGE [OR, 0.21 (0.05–0.58), p=0.01] were significantly associated with poor CRT response.
Conclusions
The presence of LGE and RV dysfunction on CMR were associated with poor CRT response in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Further investigation with CMR for pre-CRT patients is needed to support these results.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Kim
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K H Chun
- NHIS Ilsan Hospital, Cardiology , Goyang , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Oh
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H T Yu
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C J Lee
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - T H Kim
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H N Pak
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M H Lee
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - B Joung
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S M Kang
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Oh J, Yoon M, Lee SH, Lee CJ, Park S, Lee SH, Kang SM. Genetic analysis of Korean non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy using next generation sequencing. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) is a genetic disorder that causes heart failure and life-threatening arrhythmia. However, there has been no study about the up-to-date genetic analysis for NIDCM in Korean. Therefore, we performed the genetic analysis of Korean NIDCM patients (pts) using next generation sequencing (NGS).
Methods
We analyzed clinical and echocardiographic data of 203 NIDCM in a single center from July 2017 to May 2020. All pts underwent NGS analysis with customized panel including 369 genes. Genetic variants were classified as pathogenic, likely pathogenic mutations or variants of uncertain significance regarding American College of Medical Genetics guideline.
Results
A total of 203 NIDCM pts (57±15 years old, 32.0% male, LVEF 28%) had NGS analysis. Thirty-seven (18.2%) pts had pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations. The most prevalent mutated genes were TTN (n=16, 43.2%). TNNT2 (n=6, 16.2%), MYBPC3 (n=6, 16.2%) and MYH7 (n=3, 8.1%) mutated genes were common in the following order. The patients with positive panel mutation had no significant difference in initial LVEF (27% vs. 28%, p=0.216) and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (37.8% vs. 44.6%, p=0.454) compared with patients with negative panel mutation. During the median follow-up period of 40 months, there was no significant difference in composite outcome (all-cause death, heart transplantation, LVAD, heart failure re-admission, fatal arrhythmia) (35.3% vs. 32.2%, p=0.729) or presence of improved EF (≥10 points increase from baseline LVEF, and a second measurement of LVEF >40%) (41.2% vs. 50.0%, p=0.354) between the two groups.
Conclusion
This is the first study of NGS analysis in Korean NIDCM pts. We could find disease-related pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in 18.2% NIDCM patients. Further prospective, large study should be warranted to elucidate the effect of genetic mutation in clinical manifestation and prognosis of NIDCM in Korean population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology Division , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Yoon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology Division , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology Division , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C J Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology Division , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology Division , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology Division , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S M Kang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology Division , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Chun KH, Oh J, Lee CJ, Kang SM. In-hospital glycemic variability and all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure: analysis of the KorAHF registry. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Glycemic variability (GV) is known to be a poor prognostic marker in various diseases including cardiovascular disease.
Purpose
We investigated the association of GV with all-cause mortality in patients with acute heart failure (HF).
Methods
The Korean Acute Heart Failure registry enrolled patients hospitalized for acute HF from 2011 to 2014. Among survivors of the index hospitalization, we analyzed those who had ≥3 blood glucose measurements before discharge. Patients were divided into two groups based on their coefficient of variation (%CV) as an indicator of GV. We investigated all-cause mortality at 6 month and 1 year after discharge.
Results
The study analyzed 2,617 patients (median age 72 years, 53% male). During the median follow-up period of 11 months, 583 (22%) patients died. Compared to alive patients, patients who died had a significantly higher diabetes prevalence (46% vs. 41%, P=0.035) and higher %CV (31.0% vs. 27.5%, P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that a high GV (%CV >21%) was associated with lower cumulative survival to all-cause death compared with a low GV (%CV ≤21%) (log-rank P<0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional analysis showed that a high GV was associated with an increased risk of 6-month mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.58–2.59, P<0.001) and one-year mortality (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.29–1.91, P<0.001). The risk of high GV for one-year mortality was significant in non-diabetic patients (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.55–2.53, P<0.001), but not in diabetic patients (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.91–1.69, P=0.176; P-for-interaction=0.030).
Conclusion
A high GV (%CV >21%) before discharge was associated with all-cause mortality within 1 year, especially in non-diabetic acute HF patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chun
- Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Oh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C J Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S M Kang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Jin U, Lee CJ, Yoon M, Ha J, Oh J, Park S, Lee SH, Kang SM. The association between frailty and physical performance in elderly patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Frailty is known to be an important prognostic indicator in heart failure (HF). The Korean version of the frail scale for Koreans (K-FRAIL) has been developed and verified. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the K-FRAIL scale and physical performance, including muscular fitness and aerobic capacity in patients with HF.
Methods
This study included 143 HF patients aged over 65 years from a single tertiary hospital. In these subjects, muscular fitness was assessed using the handgrip test and knee extensor strength measurement, and aerobic capacity was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise test and 6-minute walk test. Frailty status was measured using the K-FRAIL questionnaire and was classified as robust (K-FRAIL scale: 0), prefrail (1–2), and frail (3–5).
Results
Mean age of participants with robust (N=37), prefrail (N=75), and frail (N=31) were 72.5, 73.5, and 76.3 years, respectively. There was no difference in sex and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) among groups, but the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly lower as frailty status increased (75.6±17.2 vs. 70.0±20.5 vs. 56.1±23.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; P<0.001). Hand-grip strength and knee extensor muscle strength did not differ among groups. However, peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2; 22.8±5.0 vs. 19.3±4.6 vs. 16.9±4.7 mL/kg/min, P<0.001) and 6-min walk distance (458.4±68.2 vs. 404.5±92.3 vs. 311.2±120.5 m; p<0.001) significantly decreased according to frailty severity. In multivariate regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, haemoglobin, eGFR and LVEF, peak VO2 (β=−0.311; P=0.002) and 6-min walk distance (β=−0.384; P<0.001) showed a significant inverse association with the K-FRAIL scale. With the cut-off value from receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, peak VO2 (hazard ratio, 5.08; p=0.023) and 6MWT (hazard ratio, 3.99; p=0.020) were independent predictor of frailty according to K-FRAIL scale.
Conclusion
In elderly HF patients, physical performance differs according to frailty status, peak VO2 and 6-min walk distance correlates with the K-FRAIL scale better than muscular fitness.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jin
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology , Suwon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C J Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Yoon
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seongnam , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Ha
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Oh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S M Kang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Lee SH, Lee CJ, Park S, Han K. Dementia in individuals with severe hypercholesterolemia: Korean nationwide cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dementia risk and benefit of lipid lowering in individuals with severe hypercholesterolemia has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of dementia and effect of lipid lowering in this population using nationwide cohort.
Methods
This study was performed using the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea. Among individuals who took health check-up and were followed-up, 1,584,401 were enrolled and analyzed. Study population were categorized to three groups with severe hypercholesterolemia according to LDL-C levels, >260, 225–259, and 190–224 mg/dL groups, and a control group (<160 mg/dL). Risks of incident dementia (all dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia) were compared. In the subgroup with new statin users, the effect of statins was further analyzed according to post-treatment LDL-C levels (<70, 70–99, 100–129, >130 mg/dL).
Results
In the median follow-up of 6.1 years, all dementia occurred up to 5.41/1000 person-year in the groups with severe hypercholesterolemia. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of all dementia in the groups ranged from 1.05 to 1.34 (p=0.023) and were dependent of LDL-C categories. Alzheimer's disease developed up to 4.94/1000 person-year and aHRs ranged from 1.04 to 1.38 (p=0.040) with the same pattern to all dementia. Vascular dementia occurred up to 0.59/100 person-year and aHRs ranged from 1.03 to 1.57 without significant difference according to LDL-C categories. In the median follow-up of 6.2 years in new statin users, aHRs were 0.69 to 0.92 for all dementia and 0.74 to 0.92 for Alzheimer's disease, and 0.53 to 1.15 for vascular dementia according to post-treatment LDL-C levels. However, the risk was not significantly related to the levels.
Conclusions
This study newly showed elevated risk of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. The benefit of active lipid lowering on this neurological disease needs to be proven by further studies.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis; National Research Foundation of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology, Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C J Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology, Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Park
- The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Han
- Soongsil University , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Pareek M, Kragholm KH, Vaduganathan M, Pallisgaard JL, Byrne C, Kristensen AMD, Biering-Sorensen T, Lee CJ, Bonde AN, Maeng M, Fosbol EL, Kober L, Gislason GH, Bhatt DL, Torp-Pedersen C. Serial high-sensitivity troponin T concentrations and long-term outcomes in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
High-sensitivity troponin assays allow for accurate and rapid rule-in or rule-out of myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with acute-onset chest pain. However, prognostic implications of serial high-sensitivity troponin concentrations are unknown.
Purpose
To determine short- and long-term prognostic implications of high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) concentrations and their changes from baseline, in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study based on Danish national registries. We identified all patients discharged from the hospital with either MI, unstable angina, suspected MI, or chest pain from January 2012 through December 2019 and merged these individuals with all records of two serial hsTnT measurements obtained ≤7 hours apart during the same hospitalization. The primary outcome was death at days 0–30 and 31–365. Prognostic implications of serial hsTnT were examined in accordance with the 2012 ESC algorithm stratifying patients for normal baseline concentrations and relative changes of 20% and 50% from baseline. In case of a normal baseline concentration, 20% and 50% of the upper reference level (14 ng/l) were used as thresholds instead, i.e., 3 ng/l and 7 ng/l, respectively. Absolute risks were calculated through multivariable logistic regression with average treatment effect modeling (G-formula).
Results
Complete data were available in 28,902 individuals (median age [25th-75th percentile] 65.2 [53.4–75.4] years, 11,632 [40.2%] women). Of these, 11,116 (38.5%) had a final diagnosis of MI, 1518 (5.3%) of unstable angina, and 16,268 (56.3%) of either suspected MI or chest pain. Median baseline hsTnT was 18 ng/l (25th-75th percentile, 10–69), second hsTnT 21 ng/l (25th-75th percentile, 10–248), relative hsTnT change 3.6% (25th-75th percentile, 0–66.7), and time between samples 4.0 hours (25th-75th percentile, 3.2–5.4). Most patients had either two normal hsTnT concentrations (9483, 32.8%) or two elevated hsTnT concentrations (18,235, 63.1%). At 30 days, 796 (2.8%) individuals had died, while an additional 1287 (4.6% of 30-day survivors) died between days 31–365. Baseline hsTnT and the relative hsTnT change both displayed a significant, non-linear association with death and interacted with each other (P<0.001). Tables 1 and 2 show the standardized, absolute risks of death (with 95% confidence intervals) from days 0–30 and from days 31–365, respectively. Patients with two normal hsTnT concentrations had very low mortality rates, irrespective of the magnitude of relative change. Conversely, patients with two elevated hsTnT concentrations consistently had high mortality rates.
Conclusions
This is the first study to assess both short- and long-term outcomes as a function of both baseline hsTnT and its change from first to second measurement. In general, patients with two normal hsTnT concentrations have an excellent prognosis while those with two elevated concentrations require scrutiny.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pareek
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , United States of America
| | | | - M Vaduganathan
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , United States of America
| | | | - C Byrne
- Gentofte University Hospital , Gentofte , Denmark
| | | | | | - C J Lee
- Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - A N Bonde
- Gentofte University Hospital , Gentofte , Denmark
| | - M Maeng
- Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - E L Fosbol
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - L Kober
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - G H Gislason
- Gentofte University Hospital , Gentofte , Denmark
| | - D L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , United States of America
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Chun KH, Oh J, Lee CJ, Kang SM. Impact of metformin on the all-cause mortality in diabetic patients hospitalized with acute heart failure. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Although the hypothesis that metformin is beneficial for diabetic patients with heart failure (HF) has been steadily raised, there have been no solid data on the efficacy of metformin in acute HF patients.
Purpose
We investigated the impact of metformin on all-cause mortality in hospitalized acute HF patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods
The Korean Acute Heart Failure registry enrolled patients hospitalized for acute HF from 2011 to 2014. Among this cohort, we analyzed patients with diabetes. We investigated all-cause mortality at 1 year after discharge. Propensity score matching (1:1 matching) and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess difference in all-cause mortality.
Results
The study analyzed 1,976 diabetic patients (median age 72 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 34%, 54.5% male). Among them, 712 (36%) patients were on metformin. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 1,424 patients (712 metformin users vs. 712 non-users) were analyzed. During the median follow-up period of 11 months, 146 (21%) metformin non-users died and 108 (15%) metformin users died. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a higher all-cause mortality rate in non-users than in metformin users (Log-rank P=0.0025). After adjustment for clinically relevant variables, metformin was associated with lower risk for all-cause mortality (HR 0.713, 95% CI 0.551–0.922, P=0.01). In subgroup analyses, metformin use was significantly associated with a lower all-cause mortality in higher eGFR group (≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, HR 0.531, 95% CI 0.357–0.790, P=0.002), but not in lower eGFR group (<60 ml/min/1.73 m2, HR 0.905, 95% CI 0.643–1.275, P=0.569, P-for-interaction=0.033). There was no significant interaction of metformin use for all-cause mortality between the subgroups with LVEF ≤40% and LVEF >40% (P-for-interaction=0.906).
Conclusion
Metformin use was associated with a lower risk for 1-year all-cause mortality in diabetic acute HF patients, especially in high eGFR group.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chun
- Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Oh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C J Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S M Kang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Kim D, Chun JH, Yi JH, Ko HY, Chung JI, Lee M, Park YM, Nam MH, Kim J, Kim SY, Park Y, Moon JH, Kang SG, Chang JH, Lee CJ, Kim SH, Yun M. 11 C-Acetate PET/CT Detects Reactive Astrogliosis Helping Glioma Classification. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:863-868. [PMID: 35868002 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 11 C-acetate ( 11 C-ACE) uptake on PET/CT was recently discovered to represent reactive astrocytes in the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed at evaluating the role of 11 C-ACE PET/CT as an imaging biomarker of reactive astrogliosis in characterizing different types of gliomas. METHODS In this prospective study, a total of 182 patients underwent 11 C-ACE PET/CT before surgery. The ratio of SUV max of a glioma to the SUV mean of the contralateral choroid plexus ( 11 C-ACE TCR) on PET/CT was calculated. 11 C-ACE TCRs were compared with the World Health Organization grades and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1 ) mutation status. Grade 2 was considered low-grade tumor, and grades 3 and 4 were considered high-grade tumors. RESULTS The median 11 C-ACE TCR was significantly higher in IDH1 wild-type (wt) tumors (n = 91) than in IDH1 -mutant (mt) tumors (n = 91) (2.38 vs 1.30, P < 0.001). Of the 91 IDH1 -mt tumors, there were no differences in the median 11 C-ACE TCRs between oligodendrogliomas (ODs) and astrocytic tumors (1.40 vs 1.20, P > 0.05). In grading low- versus high-grade gliomas, the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed a higher area under the curve (0.951) in IDH1 -wt tumors than in IDH1 -mt tumors (0.783, P = 0.002). Grade 2 ODs were well differentiated from high-grade gliomas. The 11 C-ACE TCR of grade 3 ODs was significantly lower than that of IDH1 -wt glioblastomas. CONCLUSIONS High 11 C-ACE uptake is associated with high-grade IDH1 -wt tumors, thus facilitating differentiation from high-grade IDH1-mt and low-grade gliomas. In particular, low 11 C-ACE uptake in ODs is advantageous in overcoming the limitation of radiolabeled amino acid tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ju Hyeon Yi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | | | | | - Misu Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Se Hoon Kim
- Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jang Y, Young Kim T, Jeon S, Lim H, Lee J, Kim S, Justin Lee C, Han S. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of saponin-based membrane fusion inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105985. [PMID: 35809512 PMCID: PMC9233891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered that triterpenoid saponin platycodin D inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 entry to the host cell. Herein, we synthesized various saponin derivatives and established a structure-activity relationship of saponin-based antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. We discovered that the C3-glucose, the C28-oligosaccharide moiety that consist of (→3)-β-d-Xyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-Rham-(1 → 2)-β-d-Ara-(1 → ) as the last three sugar units, and the C16-hydroxyl group were critical components of saponin-based coronavirus cell entry inhibitors. These findings enabled us to develop minimal saponin-based antiviral agents that are equipotent to the originally discovered platycodin D. We found that our saponin-based antiviral agents inhibited both the endosomal and transmembrane protease serine 2-mediated cell surface viral entries. Cell fusion assay experiment revealed that our newly developed compounds inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 entry by blocking the fusion between the viral and host cell membranes. The effectiveness of the newly developed antiviral agents over various SARS-CoV-2 variants hints at the broad-spectrum antiviral efficacy of saponin-based therapeutics against future coronavirus variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Tai Young Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Cognitive Glioscience Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonggeun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - JinAh Lee
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Cognitive Glioscience Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors
| | - Sunkyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
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45
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Ju YH, Bhalla M, Hyeon SJ, Oh JE, Yoo S, Chae U, Kwon J, Koh W, Lim J, Park YM, Lee J, Cho IJ, Lee H, Ryu H, Lee CJ. Astrocytic urea cycle detoxifies Aβ-derived ammonia while impairing memory in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1104-1120.e8. [PMID: 35738259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the foremost neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and significant progressive memory loss. In AD, astrocytes are proposed to take up and clear Aβ plaques. However, how Aβ induces pathogenesis and memory impairment in AD remains elusive. We report that normal astrocytes show non-cyclic urea metabolism, whereas Aβ-treated astrocytes show switched-on urea cycle with upregulated enzymes and accumulated entering-metabolite aspartate, starting-substrate ammonia, end-product urea, and side-product putrescine. Gene silencing of astrocytic ornithine decarboxylase-1 (ODC1), facilitating ornithine-to-putrescine conversion, boosts urea cycle and eliminates aberrant putrescine and its toxic byproducts ammonia and H2O2 and its end product GABA to recover from reactive astrogliosis and memory impairment in AD. Our findings implicate that astrocytic urea cycle exerts opposing roles of beneficial Aβ detoxification and detrimental memory impairment in AD. We propose ODC1 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD to facilitate removal of toxic molecules and prevent memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ha Ju
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mridula Bhalla
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Eun Oh
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonguk Yoo
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Uikyu Chae
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Korea University-Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Mason Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Lee
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Brain Science Institute (BSI), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Chung S, Kim H, Kim D, Lee JM, Lee CJ, Oh SB. Common bacterial metabolite indole directly activates nociceptive neuron through transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channel. Pain 2022; 163:1530-1541. [PMID: 34817438 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nociceptors are known to directly recognize bacterial cell wall components or secreted toxins, thereby leading to pain induced by bacterial infection. However, direct activation of nociceptors by bacterial metabolites remains unclear although bacteria produce numerous metabolites related to health and disease. In this study, we investigated whether and how a common bacterial metabolite, indole, which is produced by normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity, can directly activate nociceptive sensory neurons. We found that indole elicits calcium response and evokes inward currents in subsets of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of indole produced nocifensive behaviors in adult mice, which were enhanced in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory condition. Indole increased calcitonin gene-related peptide release in DRG neurons, and i.pl. injection of indole increased hind paw thickness, suggesting its role in generation of neurogenic inflammation. These in vitro and in vivo indole-induced responses were pharmacologically blocked by transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist, HC-030031, and significantly abolished in TRPA1 knockout (KO) mice, indicating that indole targets TRPA1 for its action in DRG neurons. Nocifensive licking behavior induced by the injection of live Escherichia coli was significantly decreased in tryptophanase mutant (TnaA KO) E. coli- injected mice that lack indole production, further supporting the idea that bacteria-derived indole can induce pain during infection. Identifying the mechanism of action of indole through TRPA1 provides insights into bacteria-neuron interactions and the role of bacterial metabolites in pain signaling, especially in inflammation-accompanied bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyun Kim
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Moo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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47
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Lee JM, Sa M, An H, Kim JMJ, Kwon J, Yoon BE, Lee CJ. Generation of Astrocyte-Specific MAOB Conditional Knockout Mouse with Minimal Tonic GABA Inhibition. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:158-172. [PMID: 35786639 PMCID: PMC9272118 DOI: 10.5607/en22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) is a key enzyme for GABA production in astrocytes in several brain regions. To date, the role of astrocytic MAOB has been studied in MAOB null knockout (KO) mice, although MAOB is expressed throughout the body. Therefore, there has been a need for genetically engineered mice in which only astrocytic MAOB is targeted. Here, we generated an astrocyte-specific MAOB conditional KO (cKO) mouse line and characterized it in the cerebellar and striatal regions of the brain. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technique, we generated Maob floxed mice (B6-Maobem1Cjl/Ibs) which have floxed exons 2 and 3 of Maob with two loxP sites. By crossing these mice with hGFAP-CreERT2, we obtained Maob floxed::hGFAP-CreERT2 mice which have a property of tamoxifen-inducible ablation of Maob under the human GFAP (hGFAP) promoter. When we treated Maob floxed::hGFAP-CreERT2 mice with tamoxifen for 5 consecutive days, MAOB and GABA immunoreactivity were significantly reduced in striatal astrocytes as well as in Bergmann glia and lamellar astrocytes in the cerebellum, compared to sunflower oil-injected control mice. Moreover, astrocyte-specific MAOB cKO led to a 74.6% reduction in tonic GABA currents from granule cells and a 76.8% reduction from medium spiny neurons. Our results validate that astrocytic MAOB is a critical enzyme for the synthesis of GABA in astrocytes. We propose that this new mouse line could be widely used in studies of various brain diseases to elucidate the pathological role of astrocytic MAOB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Moo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Moonsun Sa
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Heeyoung An
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | | | - Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
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48
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Sa M, Lee JM, Park MG, Lim J, Kim JMJ, Koh W, Yoon BE, Lee CJ. Unaltered Tonic Inhibition in the Arcuate Nucleus of Diet-induced Obese Mice. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:147-157. [PMID: 35786638 PMCID: PMC9272119 DOI: 10.5607/en22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal inhibitory transmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is critical for maintaining hypothalamic homeostasis and released from neurons phasically, as well as from astrocytes tonically. Although astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus are shown to transform into reactive astrocytes, the tonic inhibition by astrocytic GABA has not been adequately investigated in diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here, we investigated the expression of monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB), a GABA-synthesizing enzyme, in reactive astrocytes in obese mice. We observed that a chronic high-fat diet (HFD) significantly increased astrocytic MAOB and cellular GABA content, along with enhanced hypertrophy of astrocytes in the ARC. Unexpectedly, we found that the level of tonic GABA was unaltered in chronic HFD mice using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in the ARC. Furthermore, the GABA-induced current was increased with elevated GABAA receptor α5 (GABRA5) expression. Surprisingly, we found that a nonselective GABA transporter (GAT) inhibitor, nipecotic acid (NPA)-induced current was significantly increased in chronic HFD mice. We observed that GAT1 inhibitor, NO711-induced current was significantly increased, whereas GAT3 inhibitor, SNAP5114-induced current was not altered. The unexpected unaltered tonic inhibition was due to an increase of GABA clearance in the ARC by neuronal GAT1 rather than astrocytic GAT3. These results imply that increased astrocytic GABA synthesis and neuronal GABAA receptor were compensated by GABA clearance, resulting in unaltered tonic GABA inhibition in the ARC of the hypothalamus in obese mice. Taken together, GABA-related molecular pathways in the ARC dynamically regulate the tonic inhibition to maintain hypothalamic homeostasis against the HFD challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsun Sa
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Jung Moo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Mingu Gordon Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | | | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34126, Korea
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49
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Jang MW, Lim J, Park MG, Lee JH, Lee CJ. Active role of glia-like supporting cells in the organ of Corti: Membrane proteins and their roles in hearing. Glia 2022; 70:1799-1825. [PMID: 35713516 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The organ of Corti, located in the cochlea in the inner ear, is one of the major sensory organs involved in hearing. The organ of Corti consists of hair cells, glia-like supporting cells, and the cochlear nerve, which work in harmony to receive sound from the outer ear and transmit auditory signals to the cochlear nucleus in the auditory ascending pathway. In this process, maintenance of the endocochlear potential, with a high potassium gradient and clearance of electrolytes and biochemicals in the inner ear, is critical for normal sound transduction. There is an emerging need for a thorough understanding of each cell type involved in this process to understand the sophisticated mechanisms of the organ of Corti. Hair cells have long been thought to be active, playing a primary role in the cochlea in actively detecting and transmitting signals. In contrast, supporting cells are thought to be silent and function to support hair cells. However, growing lines of evidence regarding the membrane proteins that mediate ionic movement in supporting cells have demonstrated that supporting cells are not silent, but actively play important roles in normal signal transduction. In this review, we summarize studies that characterize diverse membrane proteins according to the supporting cell subtypes involved in cochlear physiology and hearing. This review contributes to a better understanding of supporting cell functions and facilitates the development of potential therapeutic tools for hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Wendy Jang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Gordon Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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50
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Park SE, Neupane C, Noh C, Sharma R, Shin HJ, Pham TL, Lee GS, Park KD, Lee CJ, Kang DW, Lee SY, Kim HW, Park JB. Antiallodynic effects of KDS2010, a novel MAO-B inhibitor, via ROS-GABA inhibitory transmission in a paclitaxel-induced tactile hypersensitivity model. Mol Brain 2022; 15:41. [PMID: 35526002 PMCID: PMC9078011 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have been investigated for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Here, we assessed the antiallodynic effects of a novel MAO-B inhibitor, KDS2010, on paclitaxel (PTX)-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Oral administration of KDS2010 effectively relieved PTX-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner. KDS2010 (25 mg/Kg) significantly prevented and suppressed PTX-induced pain responses with minimal effects on the body weight, motor activity, and working memory. KDS2010 significantly reduced reactive astrocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the L4–L6 spinal cord of PTX-treated mice. Furthermore, KDS2010 reversed the attenuation of GABAergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) frequency in spinal dorsal horn neurons, although it failed to restore the reduced tonic GABAA inhibition nor the increased GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) expression in PTX-treated mice. In addition, bath application of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger (PBN) restored the sIPSC frequency in PTX-treated mice but not in control and PTX + KDS2010-treated mice. These results indicated that the antiallodynic effect of KDS2010 is not due to a MAO-B-dependent GABA production. Finally, PBN alone also exerted a similar analgesic effect as KDS2010, but a co-treatment of PBN with KDS2010 showed no additive effect, suggesting that inhibition of MAO-B-dependent ROS production is responsible for the analgesic effect by KDS2010 on PTX-induced allodynia. Overall, KDS2010 attenuated PTX-induced pain behaviors by restoring the altered ROS level and GABAergic inhibitory signaling in the spinal cord, suggesting that KDS2010 is a promising therapeutic strategy for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Eun Park
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Chiranjivi Neupane
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chan Noh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Thuy Linh Pham
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Gyu-Seung Lee
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Dong-Gu Health Promotion Center 301-01, 30 Bogeunso Avenue, Samseung-Dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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