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Son G, Ri V, Shin D, Jung Y, Park CB, Kim C. Self-Reinforced Inductive Effect of Symmetric Bipolar Organic Molecule for High-Performance Rechargeable Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2301993. [PMID: 37750249 PMCID: PMC10625108 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the self-reinforced inductive effect derived from coexistence of both p- and n-type redox-active motifs in a single organic molecule is presented. Molecular orbital energy levels of each motif are dramatically tuned, which leads to the higher oxidation and the lower reduction potentials. The self-reinforced inductive effect of the symmetric bipolar organic molecule, N,N'-dimethylquinacridone (DMQA), is corroborated, by both experimental and theoretical methods. Furthermore, its redox mechanism and reaction pathway in the Li+ -battery system are scrutinized. DMQA shows excellent capacity retention at the operating voltage of 3.85 and 2.09 V (vs Li+ /Li) when used as the cathode and anode, respectively. Successful operation of DMQA electrodes in a symmetric all-organic battery is also demonstrated. The comprehensive insight into the energy storage capability of the symmetric bipolar organic molecule and its self-reinforced inductive effect is provided. Thus, a new class of organic electrode materials for symmetric all-organic batteries as well as conventional rechargeable batteries can be conceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyeong Son
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)335 Science RoadDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Vitalii Ri
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐roDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - Donghan Shin
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)335 Science RoadDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Chunjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐roDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
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Park CB, Kang YN, Jang H, Kim YS, Choi BO, Son SH, Song JH, Choi KH, Lee YK, Sung W, Kim JL. Evaluation of Usefulness of Yeast-Based Biological Phantom and Preliminary Study for Verification of Hypoxic Effect of Flash Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e704. [PMID: 37786063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) As a basic hypothesis for the effectiveness of flash radiation therapy, the effect of preserving normal tissue during flash radiation is due to the instantaneous chemical depletion of oxygen. A yeast-based biological phantom was created to verify the hypoxic effect of flash radiation therapy. A study to upgrade the previously developed X-Band LINAC to a flash irradiation mode is in progress, and a preceding study is conducted to evaluate the usefulness of a yeast-based biological phantom manufactured by analyzing the change in oxygen by irradiating a high dose in a general radiation therapy device. MATERIALS/METHODS Freeze-dried yeast sample (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S288C) is activated and sub-cultured. For mass production of yeast samples, yeast culture medium is prepared by adding yeast colonies to the ypd medium. This study was conducted to verify the hypoxic effect among the biological mechanisms that occur during flash radiation therapy at the basic stage, and the oxygen concentration change during general radiation irradiation was measured in real time using a DO (Dissolved oxygen) meter and fiber optic sensor designed to do that. To prevent scatter, which is a concern during flash irradiation, the fiber form was used, and precise experiments are possible as a non-invasive oxygen concentration measurement method. Based on 10MV of general radiation therapy device, high-dose radiation of 500-10,000 cGy is irradiated to measure real-time oxygen concentration change. RESULTS As a result of irradiation with high-dose (500-10,000 cGy) radiation of general LINAC, it was confirmed that the oxygen concentration of the yeast culture medium decreased by 5.7-63.2%, and the usefulness of the biological phantom fabricated based on the yeast culture medium was evaluated. CONCLUSION Prior to the analysis of oxygen concentration change in yeast cells during X-Band LINAC flash irradiation, a preliminary study was conducted at a high dose in a general LINAC to obtain a significant result of oxygen concentration change and confirm the usefulness of the yeast-based biological phantom. Prior research was conducted and verified as a general irradiation experiment using a yeast-based biological phantom manufactured based on a DO meter and a fiber optic oxygen sensor. After irradiation with high-dose radiation, the oxygen concentration of the yeast culture medium was measured 5 times, and it was confirmed that there was a change in oxygen concentration of 5.7-63.2%, verifying the usefulness and stability of the biological phantom. The usefulness of the yeast-based biological phantom for high doses was confirmed, and it is expected that the usefulness of the biological phantom for flash radiation can be verified by additionally measuring the change in oxygen concentration of the biological phantom according to the high dose rate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - Y N Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - H Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - B O Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S H Son
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J H Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - K H Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - Y K Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - W Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J L Kim
- Electro-Medical Device Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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Jang J, Park CB. Linnaeite Mineral for NIR Light-Triggered Disruption of Alzheimer's Pore-Forming Aβ Oligomers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:48-56. [PMID: 35926087 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Minerals in the Earth's crust have contributed to the natural functioning of ecosystems via biogeochemical interactions. Linnaeite is a cobalt sulfide mineral with a cubic spinel structure that promotes charge transfer reactions with its surroundings. Here we report the hidden feature of linnaeite mineral to dissociate Alzheimer's β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the abnormal accumulation of self-assembled Aβ peptides in the elderly brain. The β-sheet structured pore-forming Aβ oligomer (βPFO) is the most neurotoxic species exacerbating the symptoms of AD. However, a therapeutic agent that is capable of inactivating βPFO has not yet been developed. Our microscopic and spectroscopic analysis results have revealed that NIR-excited linnaeite mineral can modulate the structure of βPFO by inducing oxidative modifications. We have verified that linnaeite mineral is biocompatible with and has a mitigating effect on the neurotoxicity of βPFO. This study suggests that minerals in nature have potential as drugs to reduce AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Jang J, Jo Y, Park CB. Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Carbon as a Photoacoustic Modulator of Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Aggregate Structure. ACS Nano 2022; 16:18515-18525. [PMID: 36260563 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic materials emit acoustic waves into the surrounding by absorbing photon energy. In an aqueous environment, light-induced acoustic waves form cavitation bubbles by altering the localized pressure to trigger the phase transition of liquid water into vapor. In this study, we report photoacoustic dissociation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, by metal-organic framework-derived carbon (MOFC). MOFC exhibits a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive photoacoustic characteristic that possesses defect-rich and entangled graphitic layers that generate intense cavitation bubbles by absorbing tissue-penetrable NIR light. According to our video analysis, the photoacoustic cavitation by MOFC occurs within milliseconds in the water, which was controllable by NIR light dose. The photoacoustic cavitation successfully transforms robust, β-sheet-dominant neurotoxic Aβ aggregates into nontoxic debris by changing the asymmetric distribution of water molecules around the Aβ's amino acid residues. This work unveils the therapeutic potential of NIR-triggered photoacoustic cavitation as a modulator of the Aβ aggregate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghan Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Yoon J, Jang H, Oh MW, Hilberath T, Hollmann F, Jung YS, Park CB. Heat-fueled enzymatic cascade for selective oxyfunctionalization of hydrocarbons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3741. [PMID: 35768427 PMCID: PMC9243031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat is a fundamental feedstock, where more than 80% of global energy comes from fossil-based heating process. However, it is mostly wasted due to a lack of proper techniques of utilizing the low-quality waste heat (<100 °C). Here we report thermoelectrobiocatalytic chemical conversion systems for heat-fueled, enzyme-catalyzed oxyfunctionalization reactions. Thermoelectric bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) directly converts low-temperature waste heat into chemical energy in the form of H2O2 near room temperature. The streamlined reaction scheme (e.g., water, heat, enzyme, and thermoelectric material) promotes enantio- and chemo-selective hydroxylation and epoxidation of representative substrates (e.g., ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, tetralin, cyclohexane, cis-β-methylstyrene), achieving a maximum total turnover number of rAaeUPO (TTNrAaeUPO) over 32000. Direct conversion of vehicle exhaust heat into the enantiopure enzymatic product with a rate of 231.4 μM h−1 during urban driving envisions the practical feasibility of thermoelectrobiocatalysis. Thermoelectric materials enable us to convert heat into electricity, but their application has been limited to high-temperature heat sources. Here, the authors show the direct conversion of low-grade waste heat into chemical energy via combining thermoelectric materials with biocatalysts below 100 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhwi Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Wook Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University (HBNU), 125 Dongseodae-ro, Daejeon, 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Hilberath
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft, 2629HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft, 2629HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HE, Lee D, Lee TI, Jang J, Jang J, Lim YW, Shin JH, Kang SM, Choi GM, Joe DJ, Kim JH, Lee SH, Park SH, Park CB, Kim TS, Lee KJ, Bae BS. Siloxane Hybrid Material-Encapsulated Highly Robust Flexible μLEDs for Biocompatible Lighting Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:28258-28269. [PMID: 35674729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible micro-light-emitting diodes (f-μLEDs) have been regarded as an attractive light source for the next-generation human-machine interfaces, thanks to their noticeable optoelectronic performances. However, when it comes to their practical utilizations fulfilling industrial standards, there have been unsolved reliability and durability issues of the f-μLEDs, despite previous developments in the high-performance f-μLEDs for various applications. Herein, highly robust flexible μLEDs (f-HμLEDs) with 20 × 20 arrays, which are realized by a siloxane-based organic-inorganic hybrid material (SHM), are reported. The f-HμLEDs are created by combining the f-μLED fabrication process with SHM synthesis procedures (i.e., sol-gel reaction and successive photocuring). The outstanding mechanical, thermal, and environmental stabilities of our f-HμLEDs are confirmed by a host of experimental and theoretical examinations, including a bending fatigue test (105 bending/unbending cycles), a lifetime accelerated stress test (85 °C and 85% relative humidity), and finite element method simulations. Eventually, to demonstrate the potential of our f-HμLEDs for practical applications of flexible displays and/or biomedical devices, their white light emission due to quantum dot-based color conversion of blue light emitted by GaN-based f-HμLEDs is demonstrated, and the biocompatibility of our f-HμLEDs is confirmed via cytotoxicity and cell proliferation tests with muscle, bone, and neuron cell lines. As far as we can tell, this work is the first demonstration of the flexible μLED encapsulation platform based on the SHM, which proved its mechanical, thermal, and environmental stabilities and biocompatibility, enabling us to envisage biomedical and/or flexible display applications using our f-HμLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Eol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Lee
- Joining R&D Group, Root Industry Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 156 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Mun Choi
- ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Joe
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Soo Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The abnormal self-assembly of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and their deposition in the brain is a major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting nearly 50 million people worldwide. Here, we report a newly discovered function of magnetoelectric nanomaterials for the dissociation of highly stable Aβ aggregates under low-frequency magnetic field. We synthesized magnetoelectric BiFeO3-coated CoFe2O4 (BCFO) nanoparticles, which emit excited charge carriers in response to low-frequency magnetic field without generating heat. We demonstrated that the magnetoelectric coupling effect of BCFO nanoparticles successfully dissociates Aβ aggregates via water and dissolved oxygen molecules. Our cytotoxicity evaluation confirmed the alleviating effect of magnetoelectrically excited BCFO nanoparticles on Aβ-associated toxicity. We found high efficacy of BCFO nanoparticles for the clearance of microsized Aβ plaques in ex vivo brain tissues of an AD mouse model. This study shows the potential of magnetoelectric materials for future AD treatment using magnetic field.
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Kim J, Um Y, Han S, Hilberath T, Kim YH, Hollmann F, Park CB. Unbiased Photoelectrode Interfaces for Solar Coupling of Lignin Oxidation with Biocatalytic C═C Bond Hydrogenation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:11465-11473. [PMID: 35196006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pulp and paper manufacturers generate approximately 50 million metric tons of lignin per annum, most of which has been abandoned or incinerated because of lignin's recalcitrant nature. Here, we report bias-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation of lignin coupled with asymmetric hydrogenation of C═C bonds. The PEC platform consists of a hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoanode and a silicon photovoltaic-wired mesoporous indium tin oxide (Si/mesoITO) photocathode. We substantiate a new function of photoelectroactivated α-Fe2O3 to extract electrons from lignin. The extracted electrons are transferred to the Si/mesoITO photocathode for regenerating synthetic nicotinamide cofactor analogues (mNADHs). We demonstrate that the reduction kinetics of mNAD+s depend on their reduction peak potentials. The regenerated mNADHs activate ene-reductases from the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family, which catalyze enantioselective reduction of α,β-unsaturated hydrocarbons. This lignin-fueled biocatalytic PEC system exhibits an excellent OYE's turnover frequency and total turnover number for photobiocatalytic trans-hydrogenation through cofactor regeneration. This work presents the first example of PEC regeneration of mNADHs and opens up a sustainable route for bias-free chemical synthesis using renewable lignin waste as an electron feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunna Um
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Han
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Hilberath
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee CH, Song SY, Chung YJ, Choi EK, Jang J, Lee DH, Kim HD, Kim DU, Park CB. Light-Stimulated Carbon Dot Hydrogel: Targeting and Clearing Infectious Bacteria In Vivo. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:761-770. [PMID: 35020368 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bacteria evolve fast into resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents, whereas treatments for drug resistance bacteria progress more slowly. Here, we report a universally applicable photoactivated antimicrobial modality through light-responsive carbon dot-embedding soft hyaluronic acid hydrogel (CDgel). Because of the innate nature of the infectious bacteria that produce hyaluronidase, applied hyaluronic acid-based CDgel breaks down via bacteria and releases carbon dots (CDs) into the infectious sites. The released CDs possess photodynamic capabilities under light irradiation, inducing 1O2 generation and growth inhibition of the infectious bacteria, S. aureus and E. coli (∼99% and ∼97%, respectively), in vitro. In particular, these photodynamic effects of CDs from CDgel have been shown to accelerate the healing of infected wounds in vivo, showing a higher wound regeneration rate as compared to that of untreated wounds. Our work demonstrates that the biocompatible and shape-controllable CDgel possesses therapeutic potential as a treatment modality for the light-driven control of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- Rare Disease Research Center, Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- Rare Disease Research Center, Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Heon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Dong Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Division of Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Enzymes are the catalyst of choice for highly selective reactions, offering nature-inspired approaches for sustainable chemical synthesis. Oxidative enzymes (e.g., monooxygenases, peroxygenases, oxidases, or dehydrogenases) catalyze a variety of enantioselective oxyfunctionalization and dehydrogenation reactions under mild conditions. To sustain the catalytic cycles of these enzymes, constant supply with or withdrawal of reducing equivalents (electrons) is required. Being redox by nature, photocatalysis appears a ‘natural choice’ to accomplish the electron-relay role, and many photoenzymatic oxidation reactions have been developed in the past years. In this contribution, we critically summarize the current developments in photoredoxbiocatalysis, highlight some promising concepts but also discuss the current limitations. Light-driven catalytic cycles by oxidative enzymes, such as peroxygenases, dehydrogenases or monooxygenases, perform a variety of selective oxyfunctionalization and dehydrogenation reactions with or withdrawal of reducing equivalents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Korea
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11
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Abstract
The vaterite phase of CaCO3 exhibits unique characteristics, such as high porosity, surface area, dispersivity, and low specific gravity, but it is the most unstable polymorph. Here, we report lignin-induced stable vaterite as a support matrix for integrated artificial photosynthesis through the encapsulation of key active components such as the photosensitizer (eosin y, EY) and redox enzyme (l-glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH). The lignin-vaterite/EY/GDH photobiocatalytic platform enabled the regeneration of the reduced nicotinamide cofactor under visible light and facilitated the rapid conversion of α-ketoglutarate into l-glutamate (initial conversion rate, 0.41 mM h-1; turnover frequency, 1060 h-1; and turnover number, 39,750). The lignin-induced vaterite structure allowed for long-term protection and recycling of the active components while facilitating the photosynthesis reaction due to the redox-active lignin. Succession of stability tests demonstrated a significant improvement of GDH's robustness in the lignin-vaterite structure against harsh environments. This work provides a simple approach for solar-to-chemical conversion using a sustainable, integrated light-harvesting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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12
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Le TK, Kim J, Anh Nguyen N, Huong Ha Nguyen T, Sun EG, Yee SM, Kang HS, Yeom SJ, Beum Park C, Yun CH. Solar-Powered Whole-Cell P450 Catalytic Platform for C-Hydroxylation Reactions. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:3030. [PMID: 34272832 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Invited for this month's cover is the joint research group of Prof. Chan Beum Park at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Prof. Chul-Ho Yun at the Chonnam National University (CNU). The image shows how the use of a natural photosensitizer, flavin mononucleotide, and visible light can lead to a cost-effective, green, and sustainable process for P450-catalyzed reactions in a whole-cell system. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202100944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien-Kim Le
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Huong Ha Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gene Sun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Yee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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13
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Le TK, Kim J, Anh Nguyen N, Huong Ha Nguyen T, Sun EG, Yee SM, Kang HS, Yeom SJ, Beum Park C, Yun CH. Solar-Powered Whole-Cell P450 Catalytic Platform for C-Hydroxylation Reactions. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:3054-3058. [PMID: 34085413 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photobiocatalysis is a green platform for driving redox enzymatic reactions using solar energy, not needing high-cost cofactors and redox partners. Here, a visible light-driven whole-cell platform for human cytochrome P450 (CYP) photobiocatalysis was developed using natural flavins as a photosensitizer. Photoexcited flavins mediate NADPH/reductase-free, light-driven biocatalysis by human CYP2E1 both in vitro and in the whole-cell systems. In vitro tests demonstrated that the photobiocatalytic activity of CYP2E1 is dependent on the substrate type, the presence of catalase, and the acid type used as a sacificial electron donor. A protective effect of catalase was found against the inactivation of CYP2E1 heme by H2 O2 and the direct transfer of photo-induced electrons to the heme iron not by peroxide shunt. Furthermore, the P450 photobiocatalysis in whole cells containing human CYPs 1A1, 1A2, 1B1, and 3A4 demonstrated the general applicability of the solar-powered, flavin-mediated P450 photobiocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien-Kim Le
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Huong Ha Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gene Sun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Yee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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Jang J, Park CB. Near-Infrared-Active Copper Molybdenum Sulfide Nanocubes for Phonon-Mediated Clearance of Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Aggregates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:18581-18593. [PMID: 33861570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ternary chalcogenide materials have attracted significant interest in recent years because of their unique physicochemical and optoelectronic properties without relying on precious metals, rare earth metals, or toxic elements. Copper molybdenum sulfide (Cu2MoS4, CMS) nanocube is a biocompatible ternary chalcogenide nanomaterial that exhibits near-infrared (NIR) photocatalytic activity based on its low band gap and electron-phonon coupling property. Here, we study the efficacy of CMS nanocubes for dissociating neurotoxic Alzheimer's β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates under NIR light. The accumulation of Aβ aggregates in the central nervous system is known to cause and exacerbate Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, clearance of the Aβ aggregates from the central nervous system is a considerable challenge due to their robust structure formed through self-assembly via hydrogen bonding and side-chain interactions. Our spectroscopic and microscopic analysis results have demonstrated that NIR-excited CMS nanocubes effectively disassemble Aβ fibrils by changing Aβ fibril's nanoscopic morphology, secondary structure, and primary structure. We have revealed that the toxicity of Aβ fibrils is alleviated by NIR-stimulated CMS nanocubes through in vitro analysis. Moreover, our ex vivo evaluations have suggested that the amount of Aβ plaques in AD mouse's brain decreased significantly by NIR-excited CMS nanocubes without causing any macroscopic damage to the brain tissue. Collectively, this study suggests the potential use of CMS nanocubes as a therapeutic ternary chalcogenide material to alleviate AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Jang J, Kim YH, Park S, Yoo D, Cho H, Jang J, Jeong HB, Lee H, Yuk JM, Park CB, Jeon DY, Kim YH, Bae BS, Lee TW. Extremely Stable Luminescent Crosslinked Perovskite Nanoparticles under Harsh Environments over 1.5 Years. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2005255. [PMID: 33617075 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) are a very strong candidate emitter that can meet the high luminescence efficiency and high color standard of Rec.2020. However, the instability of perovskite NPs is the most critical unsolved problem that limits their practical application. Here, an extremely stable crosslinked perovskite NP (CPN) is reported that maintains high photoluminescence quantum yield for 1.5 years (>600 d) in air and in harsher liquid environments (e.g., in water, acid, or base solutions, and in various polar solvents), and for more than 100 d under 85 °C and 85% relative humidity without additional encapsulation. Unsaturated hydrocarbons in both the acid and base ligands of NPs are chemically crosslinked with a methacrylate-functionalized matrix, which prevents decomposition of the perovskite crystals. Counterintuitively, water vapor permeating through the crosslinked matrix chemically passivates surface defects in the NPs and reduces nonradiative recombination. Green-emitting and white-emitting flexible large-area displays are demonstrated, which are stable for >400 d in air and in water. The high stability of the CPN in water enables biocompatible cell proliferation which is usually impossible when toxic Pb elements are present. The stable materials design strategies provide a breakthrough toward commercialization of perovskite NPs in displays and bio-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Jang
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Nano Systems Institute (NSI), BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsuk Yoo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Beom Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhwan Lee
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Yuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Young Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Soo Bae
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Nano Systems Institute (NSI), BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Chung YJ, Lee CH, Lim J, Jang J, Kang H, Park CB. Photomodulating Carbon Dots for Spatiotemporal Suppression of Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Aggregation. ACS Nano 2020; 14:16973-16983. [PMID: 33236883 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregates is a major characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Because Aβ peptide aggregates aggravate neuropathy and cognitive impairment for AD patients, numerous efforts have been devoted to suppressing Aβ self-assembly as a prospective AD treatment option. Here, we report Aβ-targeting, red-light-responsive carbon dots (CDs), and their therapeutic functions as a light-powered nanomodulator to spatiotemporally suppress toxic Aβ aggregation both in vitro and in vivo. Our aptamer-functionalized carbon dots (Apta@CDs) showed strong targeting ability toward Aβ42 species. Moreover, red LED irradiation induced Apta@CDs to irreversibly denature Aβ peptides, impeding the formation of β-sheet-rich Aβ aggregates and attenuating Aβ-associated cytotoxicity. Consequently, Apta@CDs-mediated photomodualtion modality achieved effective suppression of Aβ aggregation in vivo, which significantly reduced the Aβ burden at the targeted sites in the brain of 5xFAD mice by ∼40% and ∼25% according to imaging and ELISA analyses, respectively. Our work demonstrates the therapeutic potential of photomodulating CDs for light-driven suppression against Aβ self-assembly and related neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyeong Lim
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuno Kang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Choi DS, Kim J, Hollmann F, Park CB. Titelbild: Solar‐Assisted eBiorefinery: Photoelectrochemical Pairing of Oxyfunctionalization and Hydrogenation Reactions (Angew. Chem. 37/2020). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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18
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Choi DS, Kim J, Hollmann F, Park CB. Cover Picture: Solar‐Assisted eBiorefinery: Photoelectrochemical Pairing of Oxyfunctionalization and Hydrogenation Reactions (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37/2020). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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Kim K, Lee GR, Kim M, Lim H, Jung YS, Park CB. Metallic Woodpile Nanostructures for Femtomolar Sensing of Alzheimer's Neurofilament Lights. ACS Nano 2020; 14:10376-10384. [PMID: 32706577 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, accompanies a massive degradation of neurons including axonal injury. Being an axonal neuron-specific protein, neurofilament light (NfL) is a blood biomarker that reflects the neurodegeneration in AD, but no attempt has been made yet to develop sensing platforms that target NfLs in blood serum or plasma. Here, we report three-dimensional cross-stacked Pt nanowire arrays for the ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection of NfLs. We constructed a woodpile-like Pt nanowire array (PtWP)-based biocathode by printing multilayer Pt nanowire arrays in an orthogonal configuration and conjugating them with NfL-specific DA2 antibodies. According to our collective electrochemical analyses, the five-layered PtWP electrode modified with DA2 antibodies exhibited high oxygen reduction activities due to the large electrochemical active surface area and the effective electron transfer properties. We have combined the DA2-PtWP biocathode with a water-oxidizing, iron oxyhydroxide-deposited bismuth vanadate (FeOOH/BiVO4) photoanode to assemble a bias-free PEC detection system. Powered by a white-light-emitting diode, the unbiased PEC platform accurately recognizes NfLs in blood plasma with the limit-of-detection of 38.2 fg/mL and limit-of-quantification of 853 fg/mL, which is 40 times lower than the NfL levels in AD patients' blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Rac Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Moohyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunhee Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Hobisch M, Schie MMCH, Kim J, Røjkjær Andersen K, Alcalde M, Kourist R, Park CB, Hollmann F, Kara S. Front Cover: Solvent‐Free Photobiocatalytic Hydroxylation of Cyclohexane (ChemCatChem 16/2020). ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hobisch
- Department of Engineering, Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kasper Røjkjær Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis Institute of Catalysis CSIC, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Graz University of Technology Petergasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Biocatalysis Group Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering, Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Choi DS, Kim J, Hollmann F, Park CB. Solar‐Assisted eBiorefinery: Photoelectrochemical Pairing of Oxyfunctionalization and Hydrogenation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15886-15890. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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Choi DS, Kim J, Hollmann F, Park CB. Solar‐Assisted eBiorefinery: Photoelectrochemical Pairing of Oxyfunctionalization and Hydrogenation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
As a class of carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted enormous attention because of their tunable optical and physicochemical properties, such as absorptivity and photoluminescence from ultraviolet to near-infrared, high photostability, biocompatibility, and aqueous dispersity. These characteristics make CDs a promising alternative photonic nanoagent to conventional fluorophores in disease diagnosis, treatment, and healthcare managements. This review describes the fundamental photophysical properties of CDs and highlights their recent applications to bioimaging, photomedicine (e.g., photodynamic/photothermal therapies), biosensors, and healthcare devices. We discuss current challenges and future prospects of photonic CDs to give an insight into developing vibrant fields of CD-based biomedicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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24
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Hobisch M, Schie MMCH, Kim J, Røjkjær Andersen K, Alcalde M, Kourist R, Park CB, Hollmann F, Kara S. Solvent‐Free Photobiocatalytic Hydroxylation of Cyclohexane. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hobisch
- Department of Engineering, Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kasper Røjkjær Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis Institute of Catalysis CSIC, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Graz University of Technology Petergasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Biocatalysis Group Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering, Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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25
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Kuk SK, Jang J, Kim J, Lee Y, Kim YS, Koo B, Lee YW, Ko JW, Shin B, Lee JK, Park CB. CO 2 -Reductive, Copper Oxide-Based Photobiocathode for Z-Scheme Semi-Artificial Leaf Structure. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:2940-2944. [PMID: 32180371 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green plants convert sunlight into high-energy chemicals by coupling solar-driven water oxidation in the Z-scheme and CO2 fixation in the Calvin cycle. In this study, formate dehydrogenase from Clostridium ljungdahlii (ClFDH) is interfaced with a TiO2 -coated CuFeO2 and CuO mixed (ClFDH-TiO2 |CFO) electrode. In this biohybrid photocathode, the TiO2 layer enhances the photoelectrochemical (PEC) stability of the labile CFO photocathode and facilitates the transfer of photoexcited electrons from the CFO to ClFDH. Furthermore, inspired by the natural photosynthetic scheme, the photobiocathode is combined with a water-oxidizing, FeOOH-coated BiVO4 (FeOOH|BiVO4 ) photoanode to assemble a wireless Z-scheme biocatalytic PEC device as a semi-artificial leaf. The leaf-like structure effects a bias-free biocatalytic CO2 -to-formate conversion under visible light. Its rate of formate production is 2.45 times faster than that without ClFDH. This work is the first example of a wireless solar-driven semi-biological PEC system for CO2 reduction that uses water as an electron feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Keun Kuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinha Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhyeong Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Ko
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 55 Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44413, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungha Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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26
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Wang D, Lee SH, Kim J, Park CB. "Waste to Wealth": Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Energy Harvesting/Storage and Environmental Remediation. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:2807-2827. [PMID: 32180357 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most earth-abundant biopolymer having aromatic unit structures, but it has received less attention than other natural biomaterials. Recent advances in the development of lignin-based materials, such as mesoporous carbon, flexible thin films, and fiber matrix, have found their way into applications to photovoltaic devices, energy-storage systems, mechanical energy harvesters, and catalytic components. In this Review, we summarize and suggest another dimension of lignin valorization as a building block for the synthesis of functional materials in the fields of energy and environmental applications. We cover lignin-based materials in the photovoltaic and artificial photosynthesis for solar energy conversion applications. The most recent technological evolution in lignin-based triboelectric nanogenerators is summarized from its fundamental properties to practical implementations. Lignin-derived catalysts for solar-to-heat conversion and oxygen reduction are discussed. For energy-storage applications, we describe the utilization of lignin-based materials in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors (e.g., electrodes, binders, and separators). We also summarize the use of lignin-based materials as heavy-metal adsorbents for environmental remediation. This Review paves the way to future potentials and opportunities of lignin as a renewable material for energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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27
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Jang J, Kim K, Yoon J, Park CB. Piezoelectric materials for ultrasound-driven dissociation of Alzheimer's β-amyloid aggregate structure. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120165. [PMID: 32540759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials can evoke electrochemical reactions by transferring charge carriers to reactants upon receiving mechanical stimuli. We report a newly discovered function of piezoelectric bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanosheets for dissociating Alzheimer's β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates through ultrasound-induced redox reactions. The accumulation of Aβ aggregates (e.g., Aβ fibrils, plaques) in the central nervous system is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, clearing Aβ aggregates is considered a key for treating AD, but the dissociation of Aβ aggregates is challenging due to their extremely robust structure consisting of β-sheets. BiOCl nanosheets are a biocompatible piezoelectric material with piezocatalytic activity in response to ultrasound. Our analyses using multiple spectroscopic and microscopic tools have revealed that BiOCl nanosheets effectively disassemble Aβ fibrils under ultrasound stimulation. Sono-activated BiOCl nanosheets produce piezo-induced oxidative stress, which effectively destabilizes the β-sheets in Aβ fibrils. In vitro evolution has also shown that sono-activated BiOCl nanosheets can effectively alleviate the neuro-toxicity of Aβ fibrils. Furthermore, ex vivo evolution demonstrated that amount of Aβ plaques in AD mouse's brain slices was drastically reduced by treatment with sono-activated BiOCl nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kayoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Heo Y, Kim K, Kim J, Jang J, Park CB. Near-Infrared-Active Copper Bismuth Oxide Electrodes for Targeted Dissociation of Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Aggregates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:23667-23676. [PMID: 32364368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates in the brain is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. We report a near-infrared (NIR)-active CuBi2O4-based photocathodic platform that can target intact Aβ aggregates and dissociate them into nontoxic species. Because of its relatively narrow band gap, CuBi2O4 exhibits strong absorption of NIR light, which allows for deeper tissue penetration and causes less photodamage to tissues compared to visible light. Furthermore, its high stability in aqueous media, biocompatibility, and robustness against photocorrosion make CuBi2O4 an ideal material for medical applications. For the targeted clearance of Aβ aggregates, we have conjugated the KLVFF peptide which specifically recognizes and captures Aβ aggregates on the surface of silver-doped CuBi2O4 (Ag:CuBi2O4). Upon illumination of NIR light under a cathodic bias, the KLVFF-immobilized Ag:CuBi2O4 (KLVFF-Ag:CuBi2O4) effectively dissociated β-sheet-rich, long, and entangled Aβ fibrillary aggregates into small fragmented, soluble species through photo-oxygenation. We also verified that the KLVFF-Ag:CuBi2O4 photocathode is biocompatible and effective in reducing Aβ aggregate-induced neurotoxicity. Our work demonstrates the potential of the KLVFF-Ag:CuBi2O4 platform for the targeted disassembly of cytotoxic, robust Aβ aggregates with the aid of NIR energy and cathodic bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kayoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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29
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Yoon J, Kim J, Tieves F, Zhang W, Alcalde M, Hollmann F, Park CB. Piezobiocatalysis: Ultrasound-Driven Enzymatic Oxyfunctionalization of C–H Bonds. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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30
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Kim K, Park CB. Femtomolar sensing of Alzheimer's tau proteins by water oxidation-coupled photoelectrochemical platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 154:112075. [PMID: 32056970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. A key pathogenic event of AD is the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles that are mainly composed of tau proteins. Here, we report on ultrasensitive detection of total tau (t-tau) proteins using an artificial electron donor-free, BiVO4-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis. The platform was constructed by incorporating molybdenum (Mo) dopant and iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) ad-layer into the BiVO4 photoelectrode and employing a signal amplifier formed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-triggered oxidation of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB). Despite the absence of additional electron suppliers, the FeOOH/Mo:BiVO4 conjugated with the Tau5 antibody produced strong current signals at 0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 M NaCl) under the illumination of a white light-emitting diode. The Mo extrinsic dopants increased the charge carrier density of BiVO4-Tau5 by 1.57 times, and the FeOOH co-catalyst promoted the interfacial water oxidation reaction of Mo:BiVO4-Tau5 by suppressing charge recombination. The introduction of HRP-labeled Tau46 capture antibodies to the FeOOH/Mo:BiVO4-Tau5 platform produced insoluble precipitation on the transducer by accelerating the oxidation of DAB, which amplified the photocurrent signal of FeOOH/Mo:BiVO4-Tau5 by 2.07-fold. Consequently, the water oxidation-coupled, FeOOH/Mo:BiVO4-based PEC sensing platform accurately and selectively recognized t-tau proteins down to femtomolar concentrations; the limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined to be 1.59 fM and 4.11 fM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Kim K, Kim MJ, Kim DW, Kim SY, Park S, Park CB. Clinically accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease via multiplexed sensing of core biomarkers in human plasma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:119. [PMID: 31913282 PMCID: PMC6949261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, affecting one in ten people aged over 65 years. Despite the severity of the disease, early diagnosis of AD is still challenging due to the low accuracy or high cost of neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging. Here we report clinically accurate and ultrasensitive detection of multiple AD core biomarkers (t-tau, p-tau181, Aβ42, and Aβ40) in human plasma using densely aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The closely packed and unidirectionally aligned CNT sensor array exhibits high precision, sensitivity, and accuracy, evidenced by a low coefficient of variation (<6%), a femtomolar-level limit of detection, and a high degree of recovery (>93.0%). By measuring the levels of t-tau/Aβ42, p-tau181/Aβ42, and Aβ42/Aβ40 in clinical blood samples, the sensor array successfully discriminates the clinically diagnosed AD patients from healthy controls with an average sensitivity of 90.0%, a selectivity of 90.0%, and an average accuracy of 88.6%. Detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers from patients’ blood is challenging because these are present in very low concentrations in the plasma. Here the authors develop a sensor array of densely aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes for clinically accurate detection of femtomolar AD biomarkers in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Won Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent advances in optical and electrical detection of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in clinically relevant fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Republic of Korea
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33
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Kim J, Ko S, Noh C, Kim H, Lee S, Kim D, Park H, Kwon G, Son G, Ko JW, Jung Y, Lee D, Park CB, Kang K. Frontispiece: Biological Nicotinamide Cofactor as a Redox‐Active Motif for Reversible Electrochemical Energy Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201984761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Ko
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Noh
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Heechan Kim
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sechan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dodam Kim
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Giyun Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Giyeong Son
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Ko
- Advanced Forming Process R&D GroupKorea Institute of Industrial Technology Republic of Korea
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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34
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Kim J, Ko S, Noh C, Kim H, Lee S, Kim D, Park H, Kwon G, Son G, Ko JW, Jung Y, Lee D, Park CB, Kang K. Biological Nicotinamide Cofactor as a Redox‐Active Motif for Reversible Electrochemical Energy Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Ko
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Noh
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Heechan Kim
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sechan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dodam Kim
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Giyun Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Giyeong Son
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Ko
- Advanced Forming Process R&D GroupKorea Institute of Industrial Technology Republic of Korea
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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35
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Kim J, Ko S, Noh C, Kim H, Lee S, Kim D, Park H, Kwon G, Son G, Ko JW, Jung Y, Lee D, Park CB, Kang K. Frontispiz: Biological Nicotinamide Cofactor as a Redox‐Active Motif for Reversible Electrochemical Energy Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201984761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Ko
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Noh
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Heechan Kim
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sechan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dodam Kim
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Giyun Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Giyeong Son
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Ko
- Advanced Forming Process R&D GroupKorea Institute of Industrial Technology Republic of Korea
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Science Road Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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36
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Choi DS, Lee H, Tieves F, Lee YW, Son EJ, Zhang W, Shin B, Hollmann F, Park CB. Bias-Free In Situ H2O2 Generation in a Photovoltaic-Photoelectrochemical Tandem Cell for Biocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Byungha Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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37
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Kim J, Ko S, Noh C, Kim H, Lee S, Kim D, Park H, Kwon G, Son G, Ko JW, Jung Y, Lee D, Park CB, Kang K. Biological Nicotinamide Cofactor as a Redox-Active Motif for Reversible Electrochemical Energy Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16764-16769. [PMID: 31339216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is one of the most well-known redox cofactors carrying electrons. Now, it is reported that the intrinsically charged NAD+ motif can serve as an active electrode in electrochemical lithium cells. By anchoring the NAD+ motif by the anion incorporation, redox activity of the NAD+ is successfully implemented in conventional batteries, exhibiting the average voltage of 2.3 V. The operating voltage and capacity are tunable by altering the anchoring anion species without modifying the redox center itself. This work not only demonstrates the redox capability of NAD+ , but also suggests that anchoring the charged molecules with anion incorporation is a viable new approach to exploit various charged biological cofactors in rechargeable battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sechan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dodam Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyun Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyeong Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Ko
- Advanced Forming Process R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - YounJoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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38
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van Schie MMCH, Zhang W, Tieves F, Choi DS, Park CB, Burek BO, Bloh JZ, Arends IWCE, Paul CE, Alcalde M, Hollmann F. Cascading g-C3N4 and Peroxygenases for Selective Oxyfunctionalization Reactions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten M. C. H. van Schie
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bastien O. Burek
- DECHEMA Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonathan Z. Bloh
- DECHEMA Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabel W. C. E. Arends
- University of Utrecht, Faculty of Science, Budapestlaan 6, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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39
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Kim J, Lee SH, Tieves F, Paul CE, Hollmann F, Park CB. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as a photocatalyst. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax0501. [PMID: 31334353 PMCID: PMC6641943 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a key redox compound in all living cells responsible for energy transduction, genomic integrity, life-span extension, and neuromodulation. Here, we report a new function of NAD+ as a molecular photocatalyst in addition to the biological roles. Our spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses reveal light absorption and electronic properties of two π-conjugated systems of NAD+. Furthermore, NAD+ exhibits a robust photostability under UV-Vis-NIR irradiation. We demonstrate photocatalytic redox reactions driven by NAD+, such as O2 reduction, H2O oxidation, and the formation of metallic nanoparticles. Beyond the traditional role of NAD+ as a cofactor in redox biocatalysis, NAD+ executes direct photoactivation of oxidoreductases through the reduction of enzyme prosthetic groups. Consequently, the synergetic integration of biocatalysis and photocatalysis using NAD+ enables solar-to-chemical conversion with the highest-ever-recorded turnover frequency and total turnover number of 1263.4 hour-1 and 1692.3, respectively, for light-driven biocatalytic trans-hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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40
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Abstract
Bone contains an organic matrix composed of aligned collagen fibers embedded with nanosized inorganic hydroxyapatite (HAp). Many efforts are being made to mimic the natural mineralization process and create artificial bone scaffolds that show elaborate morphologies, excellent mechanical properties, and vital biological functions. This study reports a newly discovered function of lignin mediating the formation of human bone-like HAp. Lignin is the second most abundant organic material in nature, and it exhibits many attractive properties for medical applications, such as high durability, stability, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and biocompatibility. Numerous phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl moieties exist in the side chains of lignin, which donate adequate reactive sites for chelation with Ca2+ and the subsequent nucleation of HAp through coprecipitation of Ca2+ and PO43-. The growth of HAp crystals was facilitated by simple incubation of the electrospun lignin/polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix in a simulated body fluid. Multiple analyses revealed that HAp crystals were structurally and mechanically similar to the native bone. Furthermore, the mineralized lignin/PCL nanofibrous films facilitated efficient adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts by directing filopodial extension. Our results underpin the expectations for this lignin-based biomaterial in future biointerfaces and hard-tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kayoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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41
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Kuk SK, Gopinath K, Singh RK, Kim TD, Lee Y, Choi WS, Lee JK, Park CB. NADH-Free Electroenzymatic Reduction of CO2 by Conductive Hydrogel-Conjugated Formate Dehydrogenase. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Keun Kuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishnasamy Gopinath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Raushan K. Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Doo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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42
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Kuk SK, Jang J, Han HJ, Lee E, Oh H, Kim HY, Jang J, Lee KT, Lee H, Jung YS, Park CB, Bae BS. Siloxane-Encapsulated Upconversion Nanoparticle Hybrid Composite with Highly Stable Photoluminescence against Heat and Moisture. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:15952-15959. [PMID: 30938501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a siloxane-encapsulated upconversion nanoparticle hybrid composite (SE-UCNP), which exhibits excellent photoluminescence (PL) stability for over 40 days even at an elevated temperature, in high humidity, and in harsh chemicals. The SE-UCNP is synthesized through UV-induced free-radical polymerization of a sol-gel-derived UCNP-containing oligosiloxane resin (UCNP-oligosiloxane). The siloxane matrix with a random network structure by Si-O-Si bonds successfully encapsulates the UCNPs with chemical linkages between the siloxane matrix and organic ligands on UCNPs. This encapsulation results in surface passivation retaining the intrinsic fluorescent properties of UCNPs under severe conditions (e.g., 85 °C/85% relative humidity) and a wide range of pH (from 1 to 14). As an application example, we fabricate a two-color binary microbarcode based on SE-UCNP via a low-cost transfer printing process. Under near-infrared irradiation, the binary sequences in our barcode are readable enough to identify objects using a mobile phone camera. The hybridization of UCNPs with a siloxane matrix provides the capacity for highly stable UCNP-based applications in real environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eunsang Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongyeol Oh
- Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hwea Yoon Kim
- Advanced Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) , Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. , Suwon 443-803 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kang Taek Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hohjai Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
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43
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Kim J, Park CB. Shedding light on biocatalysis: photoelectrochemical platforms for solar-driven biotransformation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 49:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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44
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Chung YJ, Lee BI, Park CB. Multifunctional carbon dots as a therapeutic nanoagent for modulating Cu(ii)-mediated β-amyloid aggregation. Nanoscale 2019; 11:6297-6306. [PMID: 30882825 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00473d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal self-assembly of cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides into toxic aggregates is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report on multifunctional carbon dots that can chelate Cu(ii) ions, suppress Aβ aggregation, and photooxygenate Aβ peptides. Copper ions have high relevance to AD pathogenesis, causing Cu(ii)-mediated Aβ aggregation and oxidative damage to neuronal cells. For effective conjugation with Cu(ii)-bound Aβ complexes, we have designed carbon dots that possess nitrogen (N)-containing polyaromatic functionalities on their surface by employing o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as a polymerization precursor. We demonstrate that the polymerized OPD (pOPD)-derived carbon dots exhibit multiple capabilities against Cu(ii)-mediated Aβ aggregation. Furthermore, the pOPD-derived carbon dots exhibited dramatically enhanced absorption and fluorescence upon coordination with Cu(ii) ions and effectively photooxygenated Aβ peptides. The photodynamically modulated Aβ residues lost the propensity to coordinate with Cu(ii) and to assemble into toxic aggregates. This work demonstrates the potential of carbon dots as a multifunctional β-sheet breaker and provides a promising anti-amyloidogenic strategy for future Aβ-targeted AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Willot SJP, Fernández-Fueyo E, Tieves F, Pesic M, Alcalde M, Arends IW, Park CB, Hollmann F. Expanding the Spectrum of Light-Driven Peroxygenase Reactions. ACS Catal 2019; 9:890-894. [PMID: 30775065 PMCID: PMC6369655 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Peroxygenases
require a controlled supply of H2O2 to operate
efficiently. Here, we propose a photocatalytic
system for the reductive activation of ambient O2 to produce
H2O2 which uses the energy provided by visible
light more efficiently based on the combination of wavelength-complementary
photosensitizers. This approach was coupled to an enzymatic system
to make formate available as a sacrificial electron donor. The scope
and current limitations of this approach are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien J.-P. Willot
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Milja Pesic
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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46
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Lee BI, Chung YJ, Park CB. Photosensitizing materials and platforms for light-triggered modulation of Alzheimer's β-amyloid self-assembly. Biomaterials 2019; 190-191:121-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Ahn M, Lee BI, Chia S, Habchi J, Kumita JR, Vendruscolo M, Dobson CM, Park CB. Chemical and mechanistic analysis of photodynamic inhibition of Alzheimer's β-amyloid aggregation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1152-1155. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09288e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation by photoexcited thioflavin T that generates singlet oxygen to oxidize monomeric Aβ42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkoo Ahn
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Byung Il Lee
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Chia
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Johnny Habchi
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Janet R. Kumita
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Chan Beum Park
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
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48
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Kim J, Lee SH, Tieves F, Choi DS, Hollmann F, Paul CE, Park CB. Back Cover: Biocatalytic C=C Bond Reduction through Carbon Nanodot‐Sensitized Regeneration of NADH Analogues (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42/2018). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305–701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305–701 Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305–701 Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University & Research Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305–701 Republic of Korea
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49
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Kim J, Lee SH, Tieves F, Choi DS, Hollmann F, Paul CE, Park CB. Rücktitelbild: Biocatalytic C=C Bond Reduction through Carbon Nanodot‐Sensitized Regeneration of NADH Analogues (Angew. Chem. 42/2018). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305–701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305–701 Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Da Som Choi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305–701 Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University & Research Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 335 Science Road Daejeon 305–701 Republic of Korea
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50
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Lee YW, Boonmongkolras P, Son EJ, Kim J, Lee SH, Kuk SK, Ko JW, Shin B, Park CB. Unbiased biocatalytic solar-to-chemical conversion by FeOOH/BiVO 4/perovskite tandem structure. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4208. [PMID: 30310064 PMCID: PMC6181951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox enzymes catalyze fascinating chemical reactions with excellent regio- and stereo-specificity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor is essential in numerous redox biocatalytic reactions and needs to be regenerated because it is consumed as an equivalent during the enzymatic turnover. Here we report on unbiased photoelectrochemical tandem assembly of a photoanode (FeOOH/BiVO4) and a perovskite photovoltaic to provide sufficient potential for cofactor-dependent biocatalytic reactions. We obtain a high faradaic efficiency of 96.2% and an initial conversion rate of 2.4 mM h-1 without an external applied bias for the photoelectrochemical enzymatic conversion of α-ketoglutarate to L-glutamate via L-glutamate dehydrogenase. In addition, we achieve a total turnover number and a turnover frequency of the enzyme of 108,800 and 6200 h-1, respectively, demonstrating that the tandem configuration facilitates redox biocatalysis using light as the only energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Passarut Boonmongkolras
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahng Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Keun Kuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungha Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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