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Song CS, Ma SR, Lee JY, Chun BY. Effects of Presenteeism on Burnout among Rehabilitation Medical Workers in Korea: Multiple Mediating Effects of Organization and Supervisor Supports. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:559. [PMID: 38470670 PMCID: PMC10930779 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES This study aimed to examine the discriminatory impacts of two major impairment factors-job presenteeism and attention presenteeism (JP and AP)-in presenteeism on burnout and to verify the multiple mediating effects of organizational and supervisory support in their causal relationship to provide theoretical and practical implications for alleviating burnout among rehabilitation medical workers (RMWs). METHODS Participants were convenience sampled from 23 hospitals and rehabilitation medical institutions in Korea, and 494 datasets were analyzed using the R packages R-studio, Jamovi, and JASP. RESULTS The significant effects of JP and AP on burnout were investigated; AP (0.609) had a much higher effect than JP (0.170) on burnout among RMWs. Moreover, the multiple mediating effects of organizational support and supervisory support were verified in the JP-AP relationship and burnout among RMWs. Additionally, the absolute effect on burnout was more from AP than JP, and organizational support had a far more significant effect than supervisory support in the process of affecting burnout. CONCLUSIONS The present study contributes to the literature on burnout by examining the relationships between presenteeism and burnout and by extending the current understanding of burnout and presenteeism to RMWs. And it is practically important to understand that the effect of AP was greater than that of JP between the two key sub-factors of presenteeism affecting burnout among RMWs, and Korean RMWs are more affected by support from the organization system than by personal support from their boss. Related theoretical and practical implications are further elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Ryong Ma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- Saeam Welfare Foundation, Goksung 57506, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung-Yoon Chun
- Department of Accounting & Tax, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea;
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Hwang S, Song CS. Rehabilitative effects of electrical stimulation on gait performance in stroke patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis. NeuroRehabilitation 2024; 54:185-197. [PMID: 38306066 DOI: 10.3233/nre-230360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation techniques are widely utilized for rehabilitation management in individuals with stroke patients. OBJECTIVES This review aims to summarize the rehabilitative effects of electrical stimulation therapy on gait performance in stroke patients. METHODS This review included randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the therapeutic effects of electrical stimulation in stroke patients throughout five databases. This review qualitatively synthesized 20 studies and quantitatively analyzed 11 RCTs. RESULTS Functional electrical stimulation (FES) was the most commonly used electrical stimulation type to improve postural stability and gait performance in stroke patients. The clinical measurement tools commonly used in the three studies to assess the therapeutic effects of FES were Berg balance scale (BBS), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), 6-minute walk test (6mWT), and gait velocity. The BBS score and gait velocity had positive effects in the FES group compared with the control group, but the 10MWT and 6mWT showed the same effects between the two groups. The heterogeneity of BBS scores was also high. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest that electrical stimulation shows little evidence of postural stability and gait performance in stroke patients, although some electrical stimulations showed positive effects on postural stability and gait performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Baekseok University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Natural Science and Public Health and Safety, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Hwang S, Song CS. Assistive Technology Involving Postural Control and Gait Performance for Adults with Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2225. [PMID: 37570466 PMCID: PMC10418390 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively summarize assistive technology devices for postural control and gait performance in stroke patients. In the study, we searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until 31 December 2022 in four electrical databases. The most frequently applied assistive technology devices involving postural stability and gait function for stroke patients were robot-assistive technology devices. Out of 1065 initially retrieved citations that met the inclusion criteria, 30 RCTs (12 studies for subacute patients and 18 studies for chronic patients) were included in this review based on eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis included ten RCTs (five studies for subacute patients and five for chronic patients) based on the inclusion criteria of the data analysis. After analyzing, the variables, only two parameters, the Berg balance scale (BBS) and the functional ambulation category (FAC), which had relevant data from at least three studies measuring postural control and gait function, were selected for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed significant differences in the experimental group compared to the control group for BBS in both subacute and chronic stroke patients and for the FAC in chronic stroke patients. Robot-assistive training was found to be superior to regular therapy in improving postural stability for subacute and chronic stroke patients but not gait function. This review suggests that robot-assistive technology devices should be considered in rehabilitative approaches for postural stability and gait function for subacute and chronic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Republic of Korea;
- The Graduate School of Health Welfare, Baekseok University, Seoul 06695, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Natural Science and Public Health and Safety, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Hwang S, Song CS. Driving Rehabilitation for Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111637. [PMID: 37297777 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Driving enables stroke survivors to freely participate in social integration. The purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence for the therapeutic effects of driving rehabilitation for patients when they return to driving after stroke and evaluate the predictors of returning to driving to identify the factors impacting their driving rehabilitation. This study employed a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed and four other databases were searched until 31 December 2022. Our review included randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non-RCTs that investigated driving rehabilitation for stroke and observational studies. A total of 16 studies (two non-RCT and 14 non-RCT) were reviewed; two RCTs investigated the effect of driving rehabilitation with a simulator system, and eight and six non-RCTS evaluated the predictive factors of driving return post-stroke and compared the effects of driving rehabilitation for stroke, respectively. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and having paid employment were significant predictors of resuming driving after stroke. The results suggest that NIHSS, MMSE, and paid employment are predictors of returning to driving post-stroke. Future research should investigate the effect of driving rehabilitation on the resumption of driving in patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Natural Science and Public Health and Safety, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Min KC, Kim EH, Woo HS, Song CS. Effectiveness of an Online Dementia Prevention Program on Cognitive Function and Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101376. [PMID: 37239662 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Continuous participation in a comprehensive dementia prevention program is important for community-dwelling older adults during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as limitations on their communities and social participation have increased and participation in daily tasks has decreased. These factors can negatively affect their cognitive function and symptoms of depression. This study aimed to introduce an evidence-based online dementia prevention program in the South Korean context and to identify its effect on cognitive function and symptoms of depression in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: One hundred and one community-dwelling older adults without dementia participated in twelve sessions of an online dementia prevention program designed by occupational therapists. Cognitive function and symptoms of depression were assessed before and after the program. Cognitive function was tested using the Cognitive Impairment Screening Test and symptoms of depression were assessed using the Korean version of the Short Geriatric Depression Scale. The participants' opinions were gathered using open-ended questions. (3) Results: After the program, according to the raw score, orientation was maintained and attention, visuospatial function, executive function, memory, and language function increased. The memory and total cognitive score was improved significantly. Symptoms of depression significantly decreased. The program's benefits according to the participants were participation in new activities, boredom reduction, online communication, and reminiscence. (4) Conclusions: An online dementia prevention program is effective in maintaining and increasing cognitive function and preventing depression in community-dwelling older adults. An online dementia prevention program is a useful method in providing opportunities to participate in cognitive training and continuous daily activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Chul Min
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Seoul Metropolitan Childern's Hospital, Hunneungro 260, Seochogu, Seoul 60801, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Uiwang city Public Health Center, Obongro 34, Uiwang, 16075 Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soon Woo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Natural Science and Public Health and Safety, Chosun University, Chosundae-5gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Woo HS, Song CS. Comparison of Hand Dexterity According to Selected Thermal and Auditory Stimuli. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:765. [PMID: 36613085 PMCID: PMC9819241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The hand plays a crucial role in our daily lives and affects the quality of life. Sensory stimuli can affect the activation of the autonomic nervous system to control body homeostasis and finger motions. This study aimed to determine the optimal thermal and auditory stimuli that affect hand dexterity. The experiment included thirty healthy adults. In the experiment, the thermal stimuli were classified into 20, 30, and 40 °C. The auditory stimuli were classified into fast- and slow-tempo music. Each stimulus was randomly provided for 5 min and hand dexterity was tested with the Groove and Purdue pegboard tests. After each stimulus and test was conducted, a resting time of 20 min was provided before the next stimulus. When the thermal stimulus of 30 °C and auditory stimulus of fast-tempo music was provided, the completion duration of the hand dexterity test was the shortest. Except the thermal stimulus of 20 °C, all thermal and auditory stimuli induced increased hand dexterity, compared to the non-stimulated condition. Among the five categories of thermal and auditory stimuli, the thermal stimulus of 30 °C and auditory stimulus of fast-tempo music were the most effective in improving hand dexterity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soon Woo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Natural Science and Public Health and Safety, Chosun University, Chosundae-5gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Lim JH, Lee HS, Song CS. Home-based rehabilitation programs on postural balance, walking, and quality of life in patients with stroke: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27154. [PMID: 34477171 PMCID: PMC8415945 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most challenging aspect of rehabilitation is the high costs of in-patient rehabilitation programs and poor continuity of care while patients are transferred to home. In this regard, numerous home-based rehabilitation programs have been developed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of home-based rehabilitative programs on postural balance, walking, and quality of life in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. DESIGN A CONSORT-compliant randomized controlled trial. METHODS Seventeen community-dwelling people diagnosed with a first stroke participated in this study. They randomly divided the home-based rehabilitative program (HBP) group (n = 9) and control group (n = 8). The HBP group received coordination exercises at home and the control group received clinic-based exercises. This study measured postural balance, walking, and quality of life using four outcome measures: 10-meter walk test, figure of 8 walk test, four-square step test, and 36 item short-form survey. RESULTS After analysis, it was found that the HBP improved postural balance, comfortable speed, and fast speed walking, and straight and curved walking for chronic stroke. Second, clinic-based rehabilitation services improved postural balance, comfortable speed, and fast speed walking abilities in patients with chronic stroke. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the HBP group received positive benefits with regard to the postural balance and walking abilities of chronic hemiparetic stroke patients compared to the clinical setting exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Heon Lim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Wonkwang Health Science University, Wonkwang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Natural Science and Public Health and Safety, Chosun University, Dong-gu Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Lee HS, Lim JH, Jeon BH, Song CS. Non-immersive Virtual Reality Rehabilitation Applied to a Task-oriented Approach for Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2020; 38:165-172. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Gwang-ju Women's University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heon Lim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Wonkwang Health Science University, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyeon Jeon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate school, Honam University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Deparment of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) is a task-specific training applied using a cognitive behavioral approach to improve performance in daily activities and to enable the patient to overcome limitations related to them. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the CO-OP approach in comparison with task-specific upper extremity training (TUET) on performance related to daily and functional activities in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. METHODS Forty-nine participants diagnosed with stroke for the first time underwent 30 minutes of either the CO-OP approach or TUET 5 days a week for 4 weeks. We evaluated their performance on the box-and-block test (BBT), Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM), and community integration questionnaire (CIQ) and Wolf motor function test-functional score (WMFT-F) before and after the training. RESULTS Our results show a significantly improvement in the WMFT-F, COPM-P, COPM-S, BBT, and CIQ scores after training in the CO-OP group, but only COPM-S score was significantly improvement after training in TUET group (p < 0.05). This study also found higher increases in the mean WMFT-F, COPM-P, COPM-S and BBT scores in the CO-OP group than in the TUET group, but CIQ score did not have a significantly higher increase between-group after training. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the CO-OP approach resulted in a positive therapeutic effect on self-selected occupational performance and daily and functional activities in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Oan-Na Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soon Woo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Choi YI, Song CS, Chun BY. Activities of daily living and manual hand dexterity in persons with idiopathic parkinson disease. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:457-460. [PMID: 28356630 PMCID: PMC5361009 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between daily
activities and manual dexterity in persons with Parkinson disease. [Subjects and Methods]
The study participants were 25 patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease. This study used
two clinical tools, the box-and-block test and Schwab and England Activities of Daily
Living scale, to investigate the relationship between manual dexterity and Schwab and
England Activities of Daily Living score. [Results] A positive correlation was observed
between the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living and the box-and-block test
scores on the more and less affected sides. Moreover, the Schwab and England Activities of
Daily Living score had a greater correlation with the box-and-block test score on the less
affected side than that on the more affected side. [Conclusion] Manual dexterity and
activities of daily living showed a positive correlation in individuals with Parkinson
disease. The results of this study suggest that manual dexterity is an important factor
for predicting physical performance in daily living in persons with Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Im Choi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Institute for Health Improvement, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yoon Chun
- Department of Business Administration, Graduate School, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
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Kim A, Lee HS, Song CS. Effects of interactive metronome training on postural stability and upper extremity function in Parkinson's disease: a case study. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:168-171. [PMID: 28210066 PMCID: PMC5300832 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interactive metronome
training on the postural stability and upper extremity function of an individual with
Parkinson’s disease. [Subject and Methods] The participant of this case study was a
75-year-old female with Parkinson’s disease diagnosed 7 years prior. This study was a
single-subject research with an A-B-A design. She received IM training during the
treatment phase (B phase) for 40 minutes per session. She was assessed pretest and
posttest using the Berg balance scale and Wolf motor function test, and at baseline and
the treatment phase using the measured box-and-block test and a Tetrax system. [Results]
After training, the patient’s static and dynamic balance, functional activity, and
performance time of the upper extremity improved. Interactive metronome therapy improved
the manual dexterity of both hands. Interactive metronome therapy also improved the limit
of stability of the Parkinson’s disease. [Conclusion] Though a case study, the results of
this study suggest that IM therapy is effective at restoring the postural stability and
upper extremity function of patients with Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arim Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School, Kwangju-Women's University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kwangju-Women's University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
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Hwang S, Song CS. Relationship between manual dexterity and the unified parkinson's disease rating scale-motor exam. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 28:3403-3406. [PMID: 28174461 PMCID: PMC5276770 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between manual
dexterity and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-Motor Exam as a clinical tool
for quantifying upper extremity function in persons with Parkinson’s disease. [Subjects
and Methods] Thirty-two persons with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease participated in this
study. This study measured two clinical outcomes, the box-and-block test and the Unified
Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-Motor Exam, to investigate the relationships between
manual dexterity and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-Motor Exam. [Results]
The box-and-block test on the more affected side was positive relationship with the
box-and-block test on the less affected side. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating
Scale-motor exam score had a negative correlation with the box-and-block test results for
both sides. [Conclusion] A positive association was noted between manual dexterity and
motor function in patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease. The results of this study
suggest that the box-and-block test and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-Motor
Exam are good clinical measures that quantify upper extremity function and are necessary
for the accurate evaluation of patients and to plan intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
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Hong SY, Song CS, Hong KH. Three-dimensional motion analysis in the elbow joint position sense in children. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 28:3313-3315. [PMID: 28174442 PMCID: PMC5276751 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in elbow joint
position sense in children. [Subjects and Methods] Nineteen healthy children volunteered
as subjects for this study. Joint position sense was assessed by asking the children to
flex their elbows between 30° to 110° while blindfolded. The error range of elbow movement
was analyzed with Compact Measuring System 10 for three-dimensional motion. To analyze
data, descriptive statistics and paired t-test analysis were performed by using IBM SPSS
Statistics 20.0. [Results] A significantly lower error was found in 30° right elbow
flexion than 110° right elbow flexion (p<0.05). No significant difference was found
between 30° and 110° left elbow flexion. [Conclusion] These results indicate that in
children, joint position sense errors decrease as joint angles approach 30° flexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hoon Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kaya University, Republic of Korea
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Kim KY, Song CS, Lee HS. Sensitivity and specificity of the safe driving behavior measure and the driving habits questionnaire for older self-drivers. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2816-2819. [PMID: 27821942 PMCID: PMC5088133 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Safe Driving Behavior
Measure and the Driving Habits Questionnaire in community-dwelling older self-drivers.
[Subjects and Methods] Forty-five older participated in this study, to measure the Safe
Driving Behavior Measure and the Driving Habits Questionnaire. Sensitivity and specificity
were calculated along with cut-off values and overall accuracy of each measure as
determined by the participants operating characteristic curve and the area under the
curve. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of
driving abilities. [Results] The sensitivities were 0.538 for Safe Driving Behavior
Measure, and 0.577, 0.423, and 0.615 for the difficulty, crash and citations, and driving
space on domains of the Driving Habits Questionnaire, respectively. The specificities of
the person-vehicle domain, person-environment domain, and person-vehicle-environment
domain of the Safe Driving Behavior Measure were 0.474, 0.526, and 0.421, respectively,
while the Driving Habits Questionnaire domains, the specificities of difficulty, crash and
citations, and driving space were 0.526, 0.211, and 0.421, respectively. [Conclusion] The
results of this study suggest that factors related to the accident history of older
self-drivers were not well-explained, although the Safe Driving Behavior Measure and
Driving Habits Questionnaire domains have the potential to determine driving-related
accident history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kweon-Young Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kwangju-Women's University, Republic of Korea
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Song CS, Lee JH, Han SW. Test-retest reliability of the safe driving behavior measure for community-dwelling elderly drivers. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1716-9. [PMID: 27390401 PMCID: PMC4932042 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The Safe Driving Behavior Measure (SDBM) is a self-report measurement tools that assesses the safe-driving behaviors of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the SDBM among community-dwelling elderly drivers. [Subjects and Methods] A total of sixty-one community-dwelling elderly were enrolled to investigate the reliability of the SDBM. The SDBM was assessed in two sessions that were conducted three days apart in a quiet and well-organized assessment room. That test-retest reliability of overall scores and three domain scores of the SDBM were statistically evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC (2.1)]. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to quantify bivariate associations among the three domains of the SDBM. [Results] The SDBM demonstrated excellent rest-retest reliability for community-dwelling elderly drivers. The Cronbach alpha coefficients of the three domains of person-vehicle (0.979), person-environment (0.944), and person-vehicle-environment (0.971) of the SDBM indicate high internal consistency. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that the SDBM is a reliable measure for evaluating the safe- driving of automobiles by community-dwelling elderly, and is adequate for detecting changes in scores in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Han
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kwangju Women's University, Republic of Korea
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Song CS, Choi YI, Hong SY. Validity and reliability of the safe driving behavior measure in community-dwelling self-drivers with stroke. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1640-3. [PMID: 27313389 PMCID: PMC4905928 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Driving is a vital component of recovery for stroke survivors facilitating
restoration of their family roles and reintegration back into their communities and
associations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of
the Safe Driving Behavior Measure (SDBM) in community-dwelling self-drivers post-stroke.
[Subjects and Methods] Participants were sixty-seven community-dwelling self-drivers who
had received a diagnosis of first stroke in the past twelve months. To investigate the
validity and reliability of the SDBM, this study evaluated two sessions, held three days
apart in a quiet and well-organized assessment room. Cronbach’s alpha and the Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient [ICC (2.1)] were used to evaluate statistically concurrent
validity and reliability of the overall and three domain scores. Pearson’s correlations
were used to quantify the bivariate associations among the three domains. [Results] The
Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the three domains of person-vehicle (0.989),
person-environment (0.997), and person-vehicle-environment (0.968) of the SDBM indicated
high internal consistency in community-dwelling self-drivers with stroke, in addition to
excellent rest-retest reliability. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that the
SDBM could be a reliable measure to evaluate automobile driving in community-dwelling
self-drivers with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Im Choi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine and Institute for Health Improvement, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Republic of Korea
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Song CS, Chun BY, Choi YI. The influence of fathers' parenting participation with disabled children on parenting stress in mothers. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:3825-8. [PMID: 26834361 PMCID: PMC4713800 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this research was two-fold: (1) to evaluate the effects of
father’s parenting participation on parenting stress among mothers with disabled children
and (2) more specifically, to investigate the importance of fathers’ parenting
participation in decreasing mothers’ parenting stress. [Subjects and Methods] To examine
these relationships, this study recruited 82 mothers with disabled children from
rehabilitation centers in the Gwangju city. The common characteristics of parents and
children, father’s parenting participation, and mother’s parenting stress were assessed
using standard questionnaires. [Results] Based on mother reports, findings suggest that as
fathers’ parenting participation increases mothers’ parenting stress decreases.
[Conclusion] The present study reveals a need for improvement in parenting education and
in providing fathers of disabled children with a temporary leave of absence from work.
Specifically, this research highlights the importance of shared parenting responsibilities
among family members. Finally, our findings suggest that developing a standardized
national program for assisting parents with disabled children may help decrease parenting
stress in mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yoon Chun
- Department of Business Administration, Graduate School, Chosun University, Republic of Korea; Department of Tax and Management, College of Management, Gwangju University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Im Choi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine and Institute for Health Improvement, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
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Song CS, Chun BY, Chung HS. Test-retest reliability of the driving habits questionnaire in older self-driving adults. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:3597-9. [PMID: 26696745 PMCID: PMC4681952 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the
Driving Habits Questionnaire in community-dwelling older self-drivers. [Subjects and
Methods] Seventy-four participants were recruited by convenience sampling from local
rehabilitation centers. This was a cross-sectional study design that used two clinical
measures: the Driving Habits Questionnaire and Mini-mental State Examination. To examine
the test-retest reliability of the Driving Habits Questionnaire, the clinical tool was
measured twice, five days apart. [Results] The Driving Habits Questionnaire showed good
reliability for older community-dwelling self-drivers. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients
for the four domains of dependence (0.572), difficulty (0.871), crashes and citations
(0.689), and driving space (0.961) of the Driving Habits Questionnaire indicated good or
high internal consistency. Driving difficulty correlated significantly with self-reported
crashes and citations and driving space. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest
that the Driving Habits Questionnaire is a reliable measure of self-reported
interview-based driving behavior in the community-dwelling elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yoon Chun
- Department of Business Administration, Graduate School, Chosun University, Republic of Korea ; Department of Tax and Management, College of Management, Gwangju University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Chung
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
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Lee HS, Song CS. Effects of therapeutic climbing activities wearing a weighted vest on a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case study. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:3337-9. [PMID: 26644705 PMCID: PMC4668196 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic climbing
activities on the brain waves and attention of a child with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder. [Subject and Methods] The subject of this case study was a 7 year
6-month old child diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This study was
based on evidence gathered at 3 distinct stages: a pre-intervention period, 10
intervention periods (2 weeks), and one post-intervention period. The intervention
involved therapeutic climbing activities wearing a weighted vest over the course of 4
weeks. The clinical outcome measures were electroencephalography and the Star Cancellation
Test. [Results] The mean activation of alpha waves was improved by the therapeutic
intervention. During the intervention, the mean activation of alpha waves was the highest
at the F3 cortical locus and the lowest at the T4 cortical locus. The average Star
Cancellation Test scores were 43 at pre-intervention, 50 during the therapeutic
intervention, and 52 at post-intervention. The performance time of the Star Cancellation
Test was 240.1 seconds at pre-intervention, 90.2 seconds during the therapeutic
intervention, and 60.0 seconds at post-intervention. [Conclusion] The results of this
study suggest that therapeutic climbing activities performed wearing a weighted vest had
positive effects on the brain waves and the attention span of a child with attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kwangju-Women's University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
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Song CS. Relationship between visuo-perceptual function and manual dexterity in community-dwelling older adults. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1871-4. [PMID: 26180339 PMCID: PMC4500002 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between visual
perceptual function and manual dexterity in community-dwelling older adults. [Subjects and
Methods] Fifty-eight participants were recruited by convenience sampling from local
rehabilitation centers. This was a cross-sectional study that used the following four
clinical tools: the Mini-Mental State Examination, 9 Hole Pegboard, Box and Block Test,
and Motor-free Visual Perception Test, Third Edition. [Results] The Motor-free Visual
Perception Test, Third Edition and Mini-Mental State Examination correlated significantly
and positively with Box and Block Test, and did correlate significantly and negatively
with 9 Hole Pegboard. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that visual
perceptual impairment and cognitive dysfunction may influence manual dexterity in older
adults, and rehabilitation of upper extremity function, along with visual perception and
cognitive training, may be beneficial for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
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Song CS. Effects of Task-oriented Approach on Affected Arm Function in Children with Spastic Hemiplegia Due to Cerebral Palsy. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:797-800. [PMID: 25013269 PMCID: PMC4085194 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of task-oriented
approach on motor function of the affected arm in children with spastic hemiplegia due to
cerebral palsy. [Subjects] Twelve children were recruited by convenience sampling from 2
local rehabilitation centers. The present study utilized a one-group pretest-posttest
design. All of children received task-oriented training for 6 weeks (40 min/day, 5
days/week) and also underwent regular occupational therapy. Three clinical tests, Box and
Block Test (BBT), Manual Ability Measure (MAM-16), and Wee Functional Independence Measure
(WeeFIM) were performed 1 day before and after training to evaluate the effects of the
training. [Results] Compared with the pretest scores, there was a significant increase in
the BBT, MAM-16, and WeeFIM scores of the children after the 6-week practice period.
[Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that a task-oriented approach to treatment
of the affected arm improves functional activities, such as manual dexterity and fine
motor performance, as well as basic daily activities of patients with spastic hemiplegia
due to cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chungnam Provincial Cheongyang College, Republic of Korea
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Song CS. Relationships between Physical and Cognitive Functioning and Activities of Daily Living in Children with Cerebral Palsy. J Phys Ther Sci 2013; 25:619-22. [PMID: 24259815 PMCID: PMC3804975 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between
physical function, cognitive function, and activities of daily living in children with
cerebral palsy. [Subjects] Sixty-eight children who had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy
and have participated in inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation programs were enrolled in
the present study. We used 3 clinical assessments: the Gross Motor Function Measure
(GMFM), the Bayley Infant Development Screening Test-II (BSID-II), and the Wee Functional
Independence Measure (WeeFIM). [Results] The GMFM was positively correlated with the
BSID-II motor scale and the BSID-II cognitive scale, but not with the WeeFIM scores. The
BSID-II motor scale was significantly correlated with the GMFM and BSID-II cognitive
scale, but not with the WeeFIM. [Conclusion] The results of this study provide evidence of
the necessity of including cognitive and physical impairments in the examination and
evaluation of children with cerebral palsy in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chungnam Provincial Cheongyang College
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chungnam Provincial Cheongyang College: 55 Haksa-gil, Cheongyang-eup, Cheongyang-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 345-702, Republic of Korea
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Song CS, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Sung HW, Lee CW, Izumiya Y, Miyazawa T, Jang HK, Mikami T. Epidemiological classification of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Korea between 1986 and 1997. Avian Pathol 2012; 27:409-16. [PMID: 18484021 DOI: 10.1080/03079459808419360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Forty Korean isolates and four reference strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were classified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Each Korean isolate was isolated from different types of commercial chicken flocks between 1986 and 1997. RFLP patterns of an amplified DNA fragment (1722 bp) containing the S1 gene of IBV digested by restriction enzyme HaeIII showed that the 40 Korean isolates were classified into five genotypes, I to V. Six of them belonged to genotype I which had the same HaeIII and XcmI cleavage patterns with Massachusetts type (H120 and M41) but the other four genotypes had a different HaeIII cleavage pattern from the four reference IBV strains used in this study. Genotype III seemed to be the major type as 29 of the 40 isolates belonged to this type which was consistently found in the chicken flocks since 1990. On the other hand, genotypes II, IV and V were found in the field only in 1986, 1995 and 1995, respectively. Five isolates selected from each of the five genotypes were inoculated into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks to evaluate their pathogenicity. Genotype III induced 50% mortality as well as severe renal urate deposition on the kidneys but the other four genotypes only showed respiratory distress at 1 to 2 days after inoculation. Live H120 vaccine protected chicks against challenge with isolates selected from genotype I, but not genotypes IV to V. A live KM91p120 strain selected from major genotype III did protect chicks against challenge with isolates from genotype III, in addition to other genotypes, including two recent isolates of genotypes IV and V.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Song
- Avian Disease Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Anyang, Korea
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25
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Lee HJ, Lee YN, Youn HN, Lee DH, Kwak JH, Seong BL, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Song CS. Anti-influenza virus activity of green tea by-products in vitro and efficacy against influenza virus infection in chickens. Poult Sci 2012; 91:66-73. [PMID: 22184430 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds present in green tea, particularly catechins, are known to have strong anti-influenza activity. The goal of this study was to determine whether green tea by-products could function as an alternative to common antivirals in animals compared to original green tea. Inhibition of viral cytopathic effects ascertained by neutral red dye uptake was examined with 50% effective (virus-inhibitory) concentrations (EC₅₀)determined. Against the H1N1 virus A/NWS/33, we found the anti-influenza activity of green tea by-products (EC₅₀ = 6.36 µg/mL) to be equivalent to that of original green tea (EC₅₀= 6.72 µg/mL). The anti-influenza activity of green tea by-products was further examined in mouse and chicken influenza infection models. In mice, oral administration of green tea by-products reduced viral titers in the lungs in the early phase of infection, but they could not protect these animals from disease and death. In contrast, therapeutic administration of green tea by-products via feed or water supplement resulted in a dose-dependent significant antiviral effect in chickens, with a dose of 10 g/kg of feed being the most effective (P < 0.001). We also demonstrated that unidentified hexane-soluble fractions of green tea by-products possessed strong anti-influenza activity, in addition to ethyl acetate-soluble fractions, including catechins. This study revealed green tea by-product extracts to be a promising novel antiviral resource for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Korea
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Song YJ, Kim DG, Nam HM, Lee JB, Park SY, Song CS, Seo KH, Kim HM, Choi IS. Evaluation of the efficacy of immunocastration vaccine composed of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone conjugated with Salmonella typhimurium flagellin in rats. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:e47-50. [PMID: 22044754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunocastration is an alternative method to replace surgical castration that is commonly performed in domestic and pet animals. In this study, a new immunocastration vaccine was developed, and its efficacy was evaluated in male rats. Six tandem copies of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) peptide were genetically fused to Salmonella typhimurium flagellin fljB (STF2) that is a ligand of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). The recombinant STF2-GnRH protein expressed in Escherichia coli was used as the immunocastration vaccine. Sixteen male rats were equally assigned to four groups. Excluding the control rats, three groups were immunized with 100, 200 and 400 μg of the STF2-GnRH vaccine, respectively. All of the immunized rats developed significantly higher titres of antibodies to GnRH than the control rats. The size and weight of both testes and epididymides from the immunized rats were significantly smaller than those of the control rats. Testicular tissues in the immunized rats demonstrated atrophy of seminiferous tubules and decreased numbers of both spermatogonia and spermatocytes. These data indicate that the newly developed STF2-GnRH vaccine has a potent immunogenicity to GnRH and efficiently suppresses the development of testes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kappas A, Song CS, Levere RD, Sachson RA, Granick S. THE INDUCTION OF delta-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID SYNTHETASE in vivo IN CHICK EMBRYO LIVER BY NATURAL STEROIDS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 61:509-13. [PMID: 16591703 PMCID: PMC225188 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.61.2.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Kappas
- THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK CITY
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Lee YJ, Sung HW, Choi JG, Lee EK, Jeong OM, Kwon YK, Kwon JH, Song CS, Kimd JH. Effects of Homologous and Heterologous Neuraminidase Vaccines in Chickens Against H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza. Avian Dis 2007; 51:476-8. [PMID: 17494612 DOI: 10.1637/7548-033106r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The 2004 Asian H5N1 epizootic outbreak indicates the urgent need for vaccines against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. The manufacture of inactivated whole-virus vaccines from HPAI viruses by traditional methods is not feasible for safety reasons as well as technical issues. The low pathogenic avian influenza A/wild bird feces/CSM2/02 (H5N3) virus was used as a heterologous neuraminidase vaccine, and HPAI A/CK/Korea/ES/03 (H5N1) virus was used as a homologous neuraminidase vaccine. Protection efficacy of both vaccines was evaluated by clinical signs, mortality rates, and virus shedding from oropharynx and cloaca of vaccinated chickens after challenge with HPAI A/CK/Korea/ES/03 (H5N1) virus. One dose of 128 hemagglutinin (HA) homologous H5N1 vaccine induced 100% protection in mortality and prevented viral shedding completely after lethal dose virus challenge, whereas one dose of 64 HA unit of heterologous H5N3 vaccine only induced 50% protection in mortality, and it did not prevent viral shedding. However, two doses at a 3-wk interval of 64 HA unit of heterologous H5N3 vaccine as well as one dose of 1024 HA unit of heterologous H5N3 vaccine induced 100% survival rate and could prevent viral shedding completely. Furthermore, we could differentiate the sera of infected birds from those of vaccinated birds by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. These results suggest that heterologous neuraminidase H5N3 vaccine could be a useful tool for the control of H5N1 HPAI epidemic in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lee
- Avian Disease Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 480 Anyang 6-dong, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-016, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Jang
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Roy AK, Tyagi RK, Song CS, Lavrovsky Y, Ahn SC, Oh TS, Chatterjee B. Androgen receptor: structural domains and functional dynamics after ligand-receptor interaction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 949:44-57. [PMID: 11795379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb04001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Androgens are C-19 steroids secreted primarily from the testes and adrenals that play a critical role in reproduction. Reproductive functions of androgens are mediated through coordination of diverse physiological processes ranging from brain functions to specific cell proliferation and apoptosis. At the molecular level, most of these regulatory influences are exerted by altered expression of appropriate genes by the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. The unliganded AR is a cytoplasmic protein and, upon ligand binding, it translocates into the nucleus. Thereafter, in conjunction with other transcription factors and coactivators, the AR influences transcription of target genes through a multistep process that includes its clustering in a subnuclear compartment. Here, we describe the genomic organization of the AR, the role of individual structural domains in specific AR function, and the influence of agonistic/antagonistic ligands in the intracellular movement of the receptor. We also show that the AR is capable of undergoing multiple rounds of nucleocytoplasmic recycling after ligand binding and dissociation. Xenobiotic ligands, considered as selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), can modulate AR activity by inhibiting either its nuclear translocation or its subnuclear clustering and subsequent transactivation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Roy
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229, USA.
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Lee SW, Kim TJ, Park SY, Song CS, Chang HK, Yeh JK, Park HI, Lee JB. Prevalence of porcine proliferative enteropathy and its control with tylosin in Korea. J Vet Sci 2001; 2:209-12. [PMID: 12441690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine proliferative enteropathy(PPE) is an enteric disease been caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. It has become one of the critical problems in the pig industry. To investigate the prevalence of PPE in Korea, serum samples of 828 pigs from 65 herds were tested using indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique(IFA). The infection rate in individual pigs varied from 44 to 69%, whereas 100% in pig farms. The infection frequency was 57, 44.9, and 59.4% according to age respectively. Administration of tylosin in feed at a concentration of 110 ppm for 14 days reduced the infection rate of the farms. These data indicated that the high prevalence of PPE may be controlled by tylosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 Korea
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Song CS, Echchgadda I, Baek BS, Ahn SC, Oh T, Roy AK, Chatterjee B. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase gene induction by bile acid activated farnesoid X receptor. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:42549-56. [PMID: 11533040 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107557200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (STD) is a hydroxysteroid sulfo-conjugating enzyme with preferential substrate specificity for C-19 androgenic steroids and C-24 bile acids. STD is primarily expressed in the liver, intestine and adrenal cortex. Earlier studies have shown that androgens inhibit the rat Std promoter function through a negative androgen response region located between -235 and -310 base pair positions (Song, C. S., Jung, M. H., Kim, S. C., Hassan, T., Roy, A. K., and Chatterjee, B. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 21856-21866). Here we report that the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) also acts as an important regulator of the Std gene promoter. CDCA is a potent inducer of the Std gene, and its inducing effect is mediated through the bile acid-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a recently characterized member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The ligand-activated FXR acts as a heterodimer with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR) and regulates the Std gene by binding to an upstream region at base pair positions -169 to -193. This specific binding region was initially identified by bile acid responsiveness of the progressively deleted forms of the Std promoter in transfected HepG2 hepatoma and enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells. Subsequently, the precise RXR/FXR binding position was established by protein-DNA interaction using in vitro footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses. Unlike all other previously characterized FXR target genes, which contain an inverted repeat (IR) of the consensus hexanucleotide half-site (A/G)G(G/T)TCA with a single nucleotide spacer (IR-1), the bile acid response element of the Std promoter does not contain any spacer between the two hexanucleotide repeats (IR-0). A promoter-reporter construct carrying three tandem copies of the IR-0 containing -169/-193 element, linked to a minimal thymidine kinase promoter, can be stimulated more than 70-fold in transfected Caco-2 cells upon CDCA treatment. Autoregulation of the STD gene by its bile acid substrate may provide an important contributing role in the enterohepatic bile acid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Song
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
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Hwang DY, Lee JB, Kim TJ, Song JY, Hyun BH, Song CS, Park SY. Induction of immune responses to glycoprotein gD of Aujeszky's disease virus with DNA immunization. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:659-62. [PMID: 11459012 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to produce a DNA vaccine to prevent Aujeszky's disease, the induction of immune responses against Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) gD was investigated in mice. The plasmid was constructed by placing ADV gD gene downstream of murine cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter of expression vector pMYK, which was injected twice on the skin of mice by using a gene-gun. All mice showed neutralizing antibodies against ADV gD at 4 weeks after immunization. The induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and splenic natural killer cells was also observed at 6 weeks post immunization. These results indicate that ADV gD gene in the form of DNA vaccine may induce specific as well as non-specific immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Hwang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Ahn SC, Baek BS, Oh T, Song CS, Chatterjee B. Rapid mini-scale plasmid isolation for DNA sequencing and restriction mapping. Biotechniques 2000; 29:466-8. [PMID: 10997259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S C Ahn
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
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Tyagi RK, Lavrovsky Y, Ahn SC, Song CS, Chatterjee B, Roy AK. Dynamics of intracellular movement and nucleocytoplasmic recycling of the ligand-activated androgen receptor in living cells. Mol Endocrinol 2000; 14:1162-74. [PMID: 10935541 DOI: 10.1210/mend.14.8.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An expression construct containing the cDNA encoding a modified aequorea green fluorescent protein (GFP) ligated to the 5'-end of the rat androgen receptor (AR) cDNA (GFP-AR) was used to study the intracellular dynamics of the receptor movement in living cells. In three different cell lines, ie. PC3, HeLa, and COS1, unliganded GFP-AR was seen mostly in the cytoplasm and rapidly (within 15-60 min) moved to the nuclear compartment after androgen treatment. Upon androgen withdrawal, the labeled AR migrated back to the cytoplasmic compartment and maintained its ability to reenter the nucleus on subsequent exposure to androgen. Under the condition of inhibited protein synthesis by cycloheximide (50 microg/ml), at least four rounds of receptor recycling after androgen treatment and withdrawal were recorded. Two nonandrogenic hormones, 17beta-estradiol and progesterone at higher concentrations (10(-7)/10(-6) M), were able to both transactivate the AR-responsive promoter and translocate the GFP-AR into the nucleus. Similarly, antiandrogenic ligands, cyproterone acetate and casodex, were also capable of translocating the cytoplasmic AR into the nucleus albeit at a slower rate than the androgen 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). All AR ligands with transactivation potential, including the mixed agonist/antagonist cyproterone acetate, caused translocation of the GFP-AR into a subnuclear compartment indicated by its punctate intranuclear distribution. However, translocation caused by casodex, a pure antagonist, resulted in a homogeneous nuclear distribution. Subsequent exposure of the casodex-treated cell to DHT rapidly (15-30 min) altered the homogeneous to punctate distribution of the already translocated nuclear AR. When transported into the nucleus either by casodex or by DHT, GFP-AR was resistant to 2 M NaCl extraction, indicating that the homogeneously distributed AR is also associated with the nuclear matrix. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AR requires ligand activation for its nuclear translocation where occupancy by only agonists and partial agonists can direct it to a potentially functional subnuclear location and that one receptor molecule can undertake multiple rounds of hormonal signaling; this indicates that ligand dissociation/inactivation rather than receptor degradation may play a critical role in terminating hormone action.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Tyagi
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284, USA
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Abstract
The authors report the clinical and computed tomographic (CT) findings in six patients with chyliform pleural effusion. All six patients had a medical history of pleurisy before presentation; five of them had tuberculous pleural effusion. The CT scans of all six patients showed variable amounts of pleural fluid collection with a layering of fat at the nondependent site.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Song
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul Municipal Boramae Hospital Affiliated to Seoul National University Hospital, 395 Shindaebang-dong, Tongjak-ku, Seoul 156-012, Korea.
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Lee CW, Song CS, Lee YJ, Mo IP, Garcia M, Suarez DL, Kim SJ. Sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 Korean avian influenza viruses and assessment of the pathogenic potential of isolate MS96. Avian Dis 2000; 44:527-35. [PMID: 11006999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of five Korean H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) isolates showed that these viruses were closely related and possibly came from the same source. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA1 subunit of H9 subtype isolates revealed that Korean AIV isolates were different from isolates from the poultry markets in Hong Kong in 1997. None of the Korean AIVs had multiple basic amino acids at the HA cleavage site that confer high pathogenicity to some H5 and H7 AIVs. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleoprotein and matrix gene demonstrated that Korean isolates cluster with Eurasian origin AIVs. The pathogenic potential of one of the isolates (MS96) was assessed after several passages in 14-day-old embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). Fourteen-day-old ECE derivatives of MS96 showed increased HA titer and embryo mortality in eggs; this was apparent after the third passage in 14-day-old ECE. Sequence analysis of the cleavage site of MS96 after the third and tenth passages in 14-day-old ECE revealed no changes in the amino acid sequence. The pathogenicity of MS96 after the tenth passage in 14-day-old eggs (MS96p10(ECE14)) was tested with 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. The 14-day-old derivative, MS96p10(ECE14), showed wider tissue tropism and induced more severe clinical signs than the parent virus. Furthermore, after intranasal inoculation of 86-wk-old broiler breeders and 30-wk-old layers, the MS96p10(ECE14) derivative induced more severe signs of depression than the parent virus as well as a transient drop in egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Lee
- Avian Disease Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Anyang , Korea
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Kim SH, Han JK, Yoon CJ, Park SJ, Kim TK, Song CS, Choi BI. Gastric adenoma with atypical appearance: findings on double-contrast barium study with histopathologic correlation. Abdom Imaging 2000; 25:124-8. [PMID: 10675450 DOI: 10.1007/s002619910029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe the radiologic findings of nonpolypoid gastric adenomas and to correlate them with pathologic findings. METHODS During a 9-year period, we reviewed 49 pure gastric adenomas in 43 patients with positive radiologic findings. Of these adenomas, seven with atypical polypoid appearance were retrospectively included in the study. We reviewed these findings with double-contrast barium study and correlated them with the pathologic findings. RESULTS Of seven nonpolypoid adenomas, four were depressed and three were flat at pathologic examination. All were diagnosed as early gastric carcinoma (five as type IIc, one as type IIb, one as type IIa + IIc) in upper gastrointestinal series. Three were located in the gastric angle, two in the lower body, and two in the antrum. Size ranged from 10 mm to approximately 25 mm (mean = 15 mm). Six lesions had nodular surface and five had convergency of the mucosal folds. A shallow depressed area was seen in six lesions. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of gastric adenomas presents as a depressed or flat lesion on double-contrast barium study because of histologic characteristics of decreased subjacent mucosa. Because the nonpolypoid adenoma has a greater potentional for malignancy, more precaution is needed during the follow-up of this uncommon lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28, Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
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Abstract
Heme, the iron-porphyrin coordination complex, released from the degradation of hemoproteins, is a strong prooxidant. It is enzymatically degraded by heme oxygenase to free iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin. Biliverdin and its reduced metabolite bilirubin are two potent physiological antioxidants. Here we show a progressive increase of steady-state levels of the mRNA encoding the inducible isoform of this enzyme (heme oxygenase-1) in the rat liver during aging. We had previously reported that aging is associated with increased activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB). We now provide evidence to establish that overexpression of NFkappaB in transfected liver-derived HepG2 cells can cause a marked induction of the endogenous heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA and activation of the cotransfected HO-1 gene promoter. Taken together, these results support the conclusion that enhanced oxidative stress during aging is accompanied by compensatory induction of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1 through activation of the NFkappaB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lavrovsky
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78284, USA.
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Song CS, Jung MH, Supakar PC, Chatterjee B, Roy AK. Negative regulation of the androgen receptor gene promoter by NFI and an adjacently located multiprotein-binding site. Mol Endocrinol 1999; 13:1487-96. [PMID: 10478840 DOI: 10.1210/mend.13.9.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The upstream promoter of the rat androgen receptor (AR) gene contains a strong negative regulatory region located at the -388 to -340 nucleotide position. The distal part (-388/-373) of this regulatory region binds NFI, a ubiquitous transcription factor, while the proximal portion (-372/-340) contains an overlapping binding site for two nuclear proteins. This composite regulatory region (-388/-340) was initially defined by deoxyribonuclease I footprinting as the continuous stretch of a nuclease-protected site. NFI specificity of the distal portion (-388/-373) of the footprint was established through cross-competition in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using the well characterized NFI element of the adenovirus major late promoter and by immunoreactivity to the NFI antibody. EMSA with oligonucleotide duplexes corresponding to the proximal domain (-372/-340) indicated multiple retarded bands with at least two major DNA-protein complexes. Further analysis with truncated oligonucleotide duplexes showed that these two major proteins bind to this domain in an overlapping manner. Within this overlapping area, the position spanning -359 to -347 is essential for the formation of either of these two complexes. Substitution of four G with T residues in the overlapping area totally abolished all protein binding at the downstream -372/-340 site. Point mutations that abolish specific binding at either the NFI or immediately downstream multiprotein-binding site caused about a 10-fold increase in AR promoter activity in transfected HepG2 cells. Double mutation involving both the NFI and proximal overlapping protein-binding sites failed to cause any additional increase in promoter function. From these results we conclude that the AR promoter contains a composite negative regulatory region at -388/-340, and the repressor function may involve a coordinate interaction between NFI and at least two other nuclear factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Song
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284-7762, USA
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Lavrovsky Y, Tyagi RK, Chen S, Song CS, Chatterjee B, Roy AK. Ribozyme-mediated cleavage of the estrogen receptor messenger RNA and inhibition of receptor function in target cells. Mol Endocrinol 1999; 13:925-34. [PMID: 10379891 DOI: 10.1210/mend.13.6.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor for estrogen-regulated genes. Because of the critical role of the ER in the proliferation of certain estrogen-dependent cancer cell types such as the mammary tumor, inhibitors of estrogen action at the level of receptor function are of major clinical interest. Here we describe developments of two ribozymes that can selectively degrade the human ER mRNA and inhibit trans-activation of an artificial promoter containing the estrogen response element. Two ribozymes, designated RZ-1 and RZ-2, cleave the human ER alpha mRNA at nucleotide positions +956 and +889, respectively. These cleavage sites lie within the coding sequence for the DNA-binding domain of the receptor protein. Both RZ-1 and RZ-2 were also effective in inhibiting the progression of quiescent MCF-7 breast cancer cells to the S phase of the cell cycle after their exposure to 17beta-estradiol (10(-9) M). These results provide a new avenue for inhibition of estrogen action by selective mRNA degradation with its potential therapeutic application through targeted gene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lavrovsky
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To verify characteristic features of hepatic dysplastic nodules at different imaging modalities. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with 37 dysplastic nodules of the liver (0.8-3.0 cm) underwent sonography (28 patients), computed tomography (CT; 24 patients), magnetic resonance (MR; 11 patients), and angiography (12 patients). Each nodule was analyzed for echogenicity, attenuation, signal intensity, and vascularity. RESULTS Echogenicity of nodules was high in 16 (43%), homogeneous in two (6%), and low in 19 (51%) of 37 nodules. Attenuation of nodules was high in one (7%), homogeneous in four (26%), and low in 10 (67%) of 15 nodules on the arterial-phase CT images; homogeneous in five (33%) and low in 10 (67%) of 15 nodules on the portal-phase CT images; and high in four (17%), homogeneous in six (26%), and low in 13 (57%) of 23 nodules on the delayed-phase CT images. Signal intensity of nodules was high in 15 (94%) and homogeneous in one (6%) of 16 nodules on T1-weighted MR images and was homogeneous in seven (44%) and low in nine (56%) of 16 nodules on T2-weighted MR images. Vascularity of nodules was avascular in 14 (88%) and slightly vascular in two (12%) of 16 nodules. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic dysplastic nodules show diverse imaging characteristics with different imaging techniques; however, common imaging findings of hepatic dysplastic nodules are low echo, low attenuation, and high, low, or homogeneous intensity on T1- and T2-weighted MR, and avascularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 28, Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Roy
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7762, USA
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Carvalho GJ, Song CS, Vargervik K, Lalwani AK. Auditory and facial nerve dysfunction in patients with hemifacial microsomia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 125:209-12. [PMID: 10037288 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.125.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a common craniofacial disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of anomalies, including conductive hearing loss due to external and middle ear deformities. However, the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as well as facial nerve dysfunction is underappreciated. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of auditory and facial nerve dysfunction and its relationship to more severe forms of bilateral HFM. DESIGN Retrospective medical record review to characterize the clinical severity of HFM and the prevalence and nature of the associated auditory and facial nerve dysfunction. SETTING Center for Craniofacial Anomalies at the University of California, San Francisco, Medical Center. PATIENTS Ninety-nine pediatric patients with HFM evaluated at the University of California, San Francisco, Medical Center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of SNHL and facial nerve dysfunction in this patient population and any associations between these 2 characteristics. RESULTS Hearing loss was present in 74 (75%) of 99 patients, with a conductive component in 73 patients. Sensorineural hearing loss was present in 11 patients ( 11%), with mixed hearing loss in most patients. Fourteen patients required rehabilitation with auditory amplification. Nearly a quarter of the patients (22 [22%] of 99) had facial nerve dysfunction, but only 1 patient had facial palsy on the same side as the SNHL. There was a statistically significant association between having auricular abnormalities and conductive hearing loss or SNHL (P = .30 and .80, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant association between bilateral HFM and the occurrence of either SNHL or facial paralysis, nor was there an association between auditory and facial nerve dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Sensorineural hearing loss and facial nerve dysfunction are common in HFM. These findings have important implications in the treatment of patients with HFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Carvalho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Chen S, Song CS, Lavrovsky Y, Bi B, Vellanoweth R, Chatterjee B, Roy AK. Catalytic cleavage of the androgen receptor messenger RNA and functional inhibition of androgen receptor activity by a hammerhead ribozyme. Mol Endocrinol 1998; 12:1558-66. [PMID: 9773979 DOI: 10.1210/mend.12.10.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in cell growth both in the normal prostate and in prostate cancer. Androgen ablation and prolonged antiandrogen therapy can give rise to AR-dependent prostate tumors, which nonetheless can grow in the androgen-deprived milieu. Here we describe the ribozyme approach to selectively degrading the AR mRNA and thereby inhibiting AR function. A trans-acting hammerhead ribozyme was designed to cleave the rat AR mRNA at the position +1827/ 1828, a region predicted to be minimally involved in generating stable secondary structures. Using AR mRNA fragments as substrates, it was established that this ribozyme can specifically cleave the RNA target in a sequence-specific manner. Kinetic experiments determined a Km for the substrate of 77 nM and a kcat/Km value of 1.8 x 10(7) M(-1) x min(-1), suggesting a catalytic efficiency similar to that of protein enzymes such as the relatively nonspecific ribonuclease A and a sequence-specific endonuclease EcoRI. Transient cotransfections of prostate-derived PC3 cells with three plasmids, an AR-inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter, an AR expression vector, and a ribozyme expression vector, showed that the ribozyme was capable of reducing the functional activity of AR. At an equimolar ratio of the AR expression plasmid to ribozyme expression plasmid, androgen-inducible CAT activity was inhibited 70%. Similar extents of inhibition were also observed at the cellular mRNA level using ribonuclease protection assays, indicating that the ribozyme functioned as an AR mRNA cleaving enzyme in cellulo. Immunocytochemical examination revealed a decline of AR immunoreactivity in ribozyme-transfected cells. In addition, no morphologically detectable cellular abnormalities were associated with ribozyme expression, indicating the absence of deleterious side effects. These results offer a new avenue for the control of AR function and cell growth, especially in the case of androgen-resistant, but AR-dependent, prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284-7762, USA
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Song CS, Jung MH, Kim SC, Hassan T, Roy AK, Chatterjee B. Tissue-specific and androgen-repressible regulation of the rat dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase gene promoter. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:21856-66. [PMID: 9705324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.34.21856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (Std) catalyzes sulfonation of androgenic steroids and certain aromatic procarcinogens. In rats, this enzyme is selectively expressed in the liver, and its expression is strongly repressed by androgens. DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses revealed two hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 (HNF1), three CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP), and one consensus palindromic thyroid hormone response elements within the first 215 base pairs (bp) of the promoter sequence of rat Std. This promoter is normally inactive in fibroblast-derived NIH 3T3 cells. However, overexpression of HNF1 and C/EBP resulted in synergistic activation of the Std promoter in this cell type, indicating essential roles of these two trans-regulators in liver-selective expression of the rat Std gene. On the other hand, point mutations at any one of five cis elements proximal to the -215 bp region markedly reduced reporter gene expression, suggesting that all of these sites are important for overall promoter function. Androgenic repression of the Std gene in rat liver can be recapitulated in androgen receptor (AR)-negative HepG2 hepatoma cells after cotransfection with an AR expression plasmid. Functional assay of a nested set of 5'-deleted promoters mapped the negative androgen response region between positions -235 and -310. Antibody supershift and oligonucleotide competition identified three OCT-1 and two C/EBP elements between bp -231 and -292. An additional OCT-1 site was found to overlap with a C/EBP element at the -262/-252 position. Mutational inactivation of any one of five cis elements within the -231/-292 region abolished negative androgen response. However, none of these cis elements showed DNase I protection by recombinant AR in footprinting assay, suggesting the absence of a direct AR-DNA interaction. Thus, these studies on rat Std promoter function indicate that (i) HNF1 and C/EBP are responsible for liver specificity of the rat Std gene; (ii) androgenic repression of the gene requires the presence of all of the OCT-1 and C/EBP elements between positions -231 and -292; and (iii) AR may exert its negative regulatory effect indirectly through transcriptional interference of OCT-1 and C/EBP rather than through a direct DNA-AR interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Song
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7762, USA
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Lavrovsky Y, Song CS, Chatterjee B, Roy AK. A rapid and reliable PCR-based assay for gene transmission and sex determination in newborn transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 1998; 7:319-20. [PMID: 9859220 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008838616203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a reliable and rapid method for simultaneous detection of a transgene and sex determination in the newborn mouse pups by PCR using three sets of primers in a single reaction. One set of sense/antisense primers is used to amplify the experimental transgene (androgen receptor gene in this case), the second set for the mouse Y-chromosome-specific SRY gene, and the third set for the beta subunit of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH beta), an internal control. This procedure allowed us to promptly analyze pups born from transgenic founders carrying the androgen receptor transgene and, at the same time, establish the sex of the animals. The method is simple, rapid and highly reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lavrovsky
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology 78284-7763, USA
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Song CS, Lee YJ, Lee CW, Sung HW, Kim JH, Mo IP, Izumiya Y, Jang HK, Mikami T. Induction of protective immunity in chickens vaccinated with infectious bronchitis virus S1 glycoprotein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus. J Gen Virol 1998; 79 ( Pt 4):719-23. [PMID: 9568966 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-79-4-719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant baculovirus containing the S1 glycoprotein gene of the virulent nephropathogenic KM91 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was constructed in order to investigate protective immunity in vaccinated chickens. Results from the protection test were evaluated by re-isolation of virus from the kidneys and tracheas of vaccinated chickens after challenge with strain KM91. After three immunizations, the recombinant S1 (rS1) glycoprotein induced 50% protection of the kidney, whilst inactivated KM91 induced 88% and 50% protection of the kidney and trachea, respectively. In chickens primed with the attenuated H120 vaccine strain, which is heterologous to KM91, the rS1 glycoprotein induced 83% protection of the kidney after two immunizations. Haemagglutination-inhibition titres were also increased in chickens immunized with the rS1 glycoprotein after three immunizations, and significantly higher titres were detected after challenge. These data indicate that the expressed rS1 glycoprotein alone can induce a protective immune response as well as an antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Song
- Avian Disease Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Anyang, Korea
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Chan J, Song CS, Matusik RJ, Chatterjee B, Roy AK. Inhibition of androgen action by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase transfected in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 1998; 109:267-78. [PMID: 9566751 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(97)00138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-dependent loss of androgen sensitivity of the rat liver is associated with a marked increase in dehydroepiandrosterone/hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (rStd) activity. Sulfonated steroid hormones are known to be ineffective in binding receptor proteins. These observations suggest that intracellular androgen sulfonation can physiologically influence androgen action. We have examined the inhibitory effect of rStd on androgen action in the human prostate cancer-derived PC-3 cells transfected with the rat androgen receptor (AR) expression plasmid and two androgen-responsive promoter reporter constructs (murine mammary tumor long-terminal repeat ligated to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and rat probasin androgen response element (ARE) ligated to firefly luciferase (LUC) gene). These transfected cells were dependent on 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for the activation of both reporter genes and showed about a 200- and a 800-fold increase of CAT and LUC activity, respectively, at 10(-10) M DHT over the no-hormone control. Expression of the sulfonating enzyme in this cell transfection system via the rStd expression plasmid caused a dose-dependent decline in the reporter activity with approximately 90% inhibition of androgen action at a rStd:AR plasmid ratio of 100. From these results we conclude that irrespective of a high level of AR, changes in the Std expression can markedly alter the androgen sensitivity of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284-7762, USA
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