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Murck H, Karailiev P, Karailievova L, Puhova A, Jezova D. Treatment with Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract Induces Anxiolytic Effects Associated with Reduced Salt Preference and Changes in Barrier Protein Gene Expression. Nutrients 2024; 16:515. [PMID: 38398838 PMCID: PMC10893552 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified that low responsiveness to antidepressive therapy is associated with higher aldosterone/cortisol ratio, lower systolic blood pressure, and higher salt preference. Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) contains glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type-2 and antagonist of toll-like receptor 4. The primary hypothesis of this study is that food enrichment with GG extract results in decreased anxiety behavior and reduced salt preference under stress and non-stress conditions. The secondary hypothesis is that the mentioned changes are associated with altered gene expression of barrier proteins in the prefrontal cortex. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chronic mild stress for five weeks. Both stressed and unstressed rats were fed a diet with or without an extract of GG roots for the last two weeks. GG induced anxiolytic effects in animals independent of stress exposure, as measured in elevated plus maze test. Salt preference and intake were significantly reduced by GG under control, but not stress conditions. The gene expression of the barrier protein claudin-11 in the prefrontal cortex was increased in control rats exposed to GG, whereas stress-induced rise was prevented. Exposure to GG-enriched diet resulted in reduced ZO-1 expression irrespective of stress conditions. In conclusion, the observed effects of GG are in line with a reduction in the activity of central mineralocorticoid receptors. The treatment with GG extract or its active components may, therefore, be a useful adjunct therapy for patients with subtypes of depression and anxiety disorders with heightened renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and/or inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Murck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Karailiev
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.K.); (L.K.); (A.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Lucia Karailievova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.K.); (L.K.); (A.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Agnesa Puhova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.K.); (L.K.); (A.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.K.); (L.K.); (A.P.); (D.J.)
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Chaves T, Török B, Fazekas C, Correia P, Karailiev P, Oravcova H, Sipos E, Biró L, Haller J, Jezova D, Zelena D. The role of the GABAergic cells of the median raphe region in reinforcement-based learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1175. [PMID: 38216718 PMCID: PMC10786920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory are important in everyday life as well as in pathological conditions. The median raphe region (MRR) contributes to memory formation; however, its precise role and the neurotransmitters involved have yet to be elucidated. To address this issue, we stimulated the MRR neurons of mice by chemogenetic technique and studied them in the operant conditioning and active avoidance tests. The virus carrier infected a variety of neuron types including both GABAergic and glutamatergic ones. Behavior was not influenced by stimulation. We hypothesize that the lack of effect was due to opposing effects exerted via GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Therefore, next we used VGAT-Cre mice that allowed the specific manipulation of MRR-GABAergic neurons. The stimulation did not affect behavior in the learning phase of the operant conditioning task, but increased reward preference and total responses when operant contingencies were reversed. The enhanced responsiveness might be a proclivity to impulsive behavior. Stimulation facilitated learning in the active avoidance test but did not affect reversal learning in this paradigm. Our findings suggest that MRR-GABAergic neurons are involved in both learning and reversal learning, but the type of learning that is affected depends on the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazekas
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Karailiev
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Oravcova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eszter Sipos
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Biró
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Haller
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Ludovika University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Behavioural and Stress Studies, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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Garafova A, Romanova Z, Oravcova H, Izakova L, Hlavacova N, Jezova D. Bridging the mood and stress hormone levels between mothers and their babies: The study design and first preliminary results. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 238:103977. [PMID: 37406587 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological mechanisms involved in the influence of post-partum maternal mood fluctuations on child development are far from being understood. Here we present the design of an ongoing study aimed to test the hypothesis that the mental state of the mother has an impact on her neonate which is manifested by similarities in the neuroendocrine function of the mother and the child. The hypothesis is being tested under both stress and non-stress conditions in mothers and babies aged 3-4 days and 7-9 months. The focus will be given to correlations with maternal postpartum mood. To confirm the correctness of methodological approaches and the feasibility of the study several preliminary analyses were performed. Salivary alpha-amylase activity as a marker of sympathetic activation and cortisol as the effective hormone of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis were measured. The obtained results showed the feasibility of saliva sampling in neonates using a sampling time of 120 s. The analysis of cortisol in hair revealed increased concentrations during the third trimester of pregnancy, which is consistent with the knowledge of high cortisol concentrations during pregnancy. A positive correlation was observed between salivary cortisol values before and after the stress test in mother-infant dyads at both the post-partum period and 7-9 months thereafter. Understanding the mechanisms involved in "the bridge" between the mother and her baby will help to develop necessary interventions directed to help mothers in the early postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Garafova
- Slovak Medical University, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bratislava, Antolska 11, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Romanova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Oravcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 83104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomira Izakova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, 81369 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Hlavacova N, Hrivikova K, Karailievova L, Karailiev P, Homberg JR, Jezova D. Altered responsiveness to glutamatergic modulation by MK-801 and to repeated stress of immune challenge in female dopamine transporter knockout rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023:110804. [PMID: 37247803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a key factor in psychiatric and neurological disorders often worsening disease symptoms. In this study, a unique animal model, the dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rat exhibiting behavioral signs resembling those occurring in mania, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder was used. We have tested the hypothesis that the hyperdopaminergic state in DAT-KO rats (i) modulates behavioral response to the NMDA antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine) and (ii) leads to abnormal endocrine and immune activation under subchronic stress induced by an immune challenge. Glutamatergic modulation with MK-801 induced a different behavioral pattern. While the WT rats responded to MK-801 injection with a robust rise in their locomotor activity, the hyperactive DAT-KO rats exhibited reduced locomotion. Signs of chronic stress including increased basal corticosterone and aldosterone but blunted anxiety were demonstrated in rats lacking the DAT. Repeated injections of increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 days) did not modify plasma prolactin concentrations which were however significantly lower in DAT-KO than in WT rats. Concentrations of plasma high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein were significantly higher in LPS-treated DAT-KO than in WT rats. The gene expression of interleukin-6 in the anterior pituitary increased under the stress induced by the immune challenge in the WT but not the DAT-KO rats. The most evident differences between the genotypes were revealed in the spleen. The splenic gene expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and HMGB1 was lower and that of ferritin was higher in DAT-KO compared to WT rats. Obtained results emphasize the functional interaction of the endocrine and immune systems with monoamine and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the mechanisms leading to behavioral alterations and psychiatric disorders associated with dopamine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Hrivikova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Karailievova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Karailiev
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Hrivikova K, Marko M, Karailievova L, Romanova Z, Oravcova H, Riecansky I, Jezova D. Neuroendocrine response to a psychosocial stress test is not related to schizotypy but cortisol elevation predicts inflexibility of semantic memory retrieval. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 154:106287. [PMID: 37182519 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An altered stress response can contribute to the transition from preclinical psychotic symptoms to the clinical manifestation of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The present study was aimed at testing the hypotheses that (i) the autonomic and neuroendocrine responses under psychosocial stress are dysregulated in individuals with high psychosis proneness (schizotypy); (ii) the magnitude of post-stress autonomic activation and cortisol release predicts alterations in semantic memory retrieval. The study was performed in 73 healthy individuals of both sexes with either high or low schizotypal traits preselected out of 609 individuals using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. A psychosocial stress procedure based on public speech was used as a stress model. We found that individuals with high schizotypy engaged in less adaptive emotional stress-coping strategies than low schizotypy individuals. Yet, the neuroendocrine, immune, and sympathetic activation in response to the stress test was not different between the groups. Irrespective of the exposure to the stressor, individuals with high schizotypy were less fluent when retrieving associations from semantic memory. In addition, we demonstrated that acute psychosocial stress reduced the flexibility of semantic memory retrieval. The post-stress mental inflexibility was reliably predicted by the concomitant elevation of cortisol concentrations in saliva. The present study thus brings novel evidence indicating that the acute psychosocial challenge impairs retrieval flexibility in the semantic domain, which may be due to neuroendocrine activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hrivikova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Marko
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Karailievova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Z Romanova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - H Oravcova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I Riecansky
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - D Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Dremencov E, Grinchii D, Romanova Z, Chomanic P, Lacinova L, Jezova D. Effects of chronic delta-opioid receptor agonist on the excitability of hippocampal glutamate and brainstem monoamine neurons, anxiety, locomotion, and habituation in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:585-595. [PMID: 37060527 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term treatment with non-peptide agonists of delta-opioid receptors, such as agonist SNC80, induced behavioral effects in rodents, which could be modulated via changes in central neurotransmission. The present experiments aimed at testing the hypothesis that chronic treatment with SNC80 induces anxiolytic effects associated with changes in hippocampal glutamate and brainstem monoamine pathways. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were used in experiments. Rats were treated with SNC80 (3 mg/kg/day) for fourteen days. Neuronal excitability was assessed using extracellular in vivo single-unit electrophysiology. The behavioral parameters were examined using the elevated plus maze and open field tests. RESULTS Chronic SNC80 treatment increased the excitability of hippocampal glutamate and ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons and had no effect on the firing activity of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin cells. Chronic SNC80 treatment induced anxiolytic effects, which were, however, confounded by increased locomotor activity clearly confirmed in an open field test. The ability to cope with stressful situations and habituation processes in a novel environment was not influenced by chronic treatment with SNC80. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the psychoactive effects of SNC80 might be explained by its ability to stimulate hippocampal glutamate and mesolimbic dopamine transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliyahu Dremencov
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Daniil Grinchii
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Romanova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Chomanic
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Lacinova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Shirtcliff EA, Jezova D, Misiak B, Nater U, Brenhouse H. Transdisciplinary soup and interdisciplinary fruit salad: Associate editors write the recipe for a successful journal. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 150:106032. [PMID: 36707294 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Heather Brenhouse
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, United States
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Alzuri SE, Rosas NM, Hlavacova N, Jezova D, Fuchsova B. Role of miR-124-3p in regulatory mechanisms of Gpm6a expression in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats. J Neurochem 2023; 165:603-621. [PMID: 36943192 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6a (GPM6A) belongs to the family of myelin proteolipid protein and plays a role in neuronal remodeling and plasticity. Decreased expression of GPM6A mRNA is observed in the hippocampal tissue of suicide victims who suffered from depression and after chronic stress exposure in animals. The regulatory mechanisms that impact expression of GPM6A under chronic stress or in pathological conditions are not well understood. Previously, miRNAs miR-133b, miR-124-3p, and miR-9-5p have been shown to regulate expression of Gpm6a mRNA under normal conditions. Here, we employed the paradigm of chronic restraint stress in rats and using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed downregulation of expression of Gpm6a and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) genes at mRNA level as well as miR-133b, miR-124-3p, but not miR-9-5p in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats. Furthermore, we observed alterations in the expression of histone deacetylase (Hdac5) and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (Mef2c) mRNAs. Our data suggest that chronic stress influences Gpm6a expression by miR-124 mediated impact on the expression of Hdac5 and Mef2c. Upon miR-124 overexpression in hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro we observed enhanced neuronal arborization as evaluated by Sholl analysis, increased Gpm6a and Mef2c expression, and decreased Hdac5 expression. Moreover, treatment of hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro with BDNF resulted in an elevation in the miR-124-3p expression, a decrease in the miR-9-5p expression but did not affect miR-133b. This was accompanied by augmented expression of Gpm6a and Mef2c mRNAs and significantly lower levels of Hdac5 mRNA. Altogether, these results indicate that the regulatory mechanism that influence expression of Gpm6a under chronic stress involves miR-124 mediated impact on the expression of Hdac5 and Mef2c and a role of BDNF in the activation of Gpm6a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Elisa Alzuri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Matías Rosas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Beata Fuchsova
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Murck H, Lehr L, Jezova D. A viewpoint on aldosterone and BMI related brain morphology in relation to treatment outcome in patients with major depression. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13219. [PMID: 36539978 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An abundance of knowledge has been collected describing the involvement of neuroendocrine parameters in major depression. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulating cortisol release has been extensively studied; however, attempts to target the HPA axis pharmacologically to treat major depression have failed. This review focuses on the importance of the adrenocortical stress hormone aldosterone, which is released by adrenocorticotropic hormone and angiotensin, and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in depression. Depressed patients, in particular those with atypical depression, have signs of central hyperactivation of the aldosterone sensitive MR, potentially as a consequence of a reactive aldosterone release induced by low blood pressure and as a result of low sensitivity of peripheral MR. This is reflected in reduced heart rate variability, increased salt appetite and sleep changes in this group of patients. In addition, enlarged brain ventricles, compressed corpus callosum and changes of the choroid plexus are associated with increased aldosterone (in relation to cortisol). Furthermore, subjects with these features often show obesity. These characteristics are related to a worse antidepressant treatment outcome. Alterations in choroid plexus function as a consequence of increased aldosterone levels, autonomic dysregulation, metabolic changes and/or inflammation may be involved. The characterization of this regulatory system is in its early days but may identify new targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Murck
- Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Murck-Neuroscience LLC Westfield, Westfield, NJ, USA
| | - Lisa Lehr
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Grinchii D, Hoener MC, Khoury T, Dekhtiarenko R, Nejati Bervanlou R, Jezova D, Dremencov E. Effects of acute and chronic administration of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) ligands on in vivo excitability of central monoamine-secreting neurons in rats. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4861-4868. [PMID: 36045279 PMCID: PMC9763099 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) has been recently identified as a target for the future antidepressant, antipsychotic, and anti-addiction drugs. Full (e.g. RO5256390) and partial (e.g. RO5263397) TAAR1 agonists showed antidepressant-, antipsychotic- and anti-addiction-like behavioral effects in rodents and primates. Acute RO5256390 suppressed, and RO5263397 stimulated serotonin (5-HT) neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in brain slices, suggesting that the behavioral effects of TAAR1 ligands involve 5-HT and dopamine. For more comprehensive testing of this hypothesis, we examined acute and chronic effects of RO5256390 and RO5263397 on monoamine neurons in in vivo conditions. Excitability of 5-HT neurons of the DRN, noradrenaline neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC), and dopamine neurons of the VTA was assessed using single-unit electrophysiology in anesthetized rats. For acute experiments, RO5256390 and RO5263397 were administered intravenously; neuronal excitability after RO5256390 and RO5263397 administration was compared to the basal activity of the same neuron. For chronic experiments, RO5256390 was administered orally for fourteen days prior to electrophysiological assessments. The neuronal excitability in RO5256390-treated rats was compared to vehicle-treated controls. We found that acute RO5256390 inhibited 5-HT and dopamine neurons. This effect of RO5256390 was reversed by the subsequent and prevented by the earlier administration of RO5263397. Acute RO5256390 and RO5263397 did not alter the excitability of LC noradrenaline neurons in a statistically significant way. Chronic RO5256390 increased excitability of 5-HT neurons of the DRN and dopamine neurons of the VTA. In conclusion, the putative antidepressant and antipsychotic effects of TAAR1 ligands might be mediated, at least in part, via the modulation of excitability of central 5-HT and dopamine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Grinchii
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marius C Hoener
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Talah Khoury
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Dekhtiarenko
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Reyhaneh Nejati Bervanlou
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eliyahu Dremencov
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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11
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Gosselink KL, Fonseca JAS, Jezova D. Editorial: Stress, anxiety, and the synapse. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1085850. [DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1085850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Romanova Z, Karailievova L, Garafova A, Hlavacova N, Oravcova H, Jezova D. Testosterone but not cortisol concentrations in hair correlate between mothers and their prepubertal children under real-life stress conditions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105844. [PMID: 35772281 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that there is an association between the neuroendocrine state, reflected by testosterone and cortisol concentrations in hair, of the mother and her child under difficult real-life stress conditions (COVID-19 pandemic). The research sample consisted of 45 healthy mothers and their prepubertal children (7 - 11 years) of both sexes. The hair samples of mother-child dyads were collected twice to obtain cumulative stress hormone concentrations from April till the end of June and July till the end of September 2020. Thus, 90 mother-child pairs were analyzed. The results showed that both cortisol and testosterone concentrations were significantly higher in the hair of mothers compared to those in their children. The results of cortisol concentrations in hair do not support the hypothesis stated above. In line with our hypothesis are the results of hair testosterone measurements showing a positive correlation between testosterone concentrations in mothers and their children. With respect to the known relationship of testosterone with aggressive behavior, an important finding is that above-mentioned correlation was particularly strong in women with intense subjective feelings of anger in the investigated three months period. Women with strongly prevalent subjective feelings of sadness failed to show a significant correlation between hair cortisol concentrations in mothers and their children, in spite of the known relationship of cortisol to depressive mood. It may be suggested that chronic testosterone secretion reflects the association between the neuroendocrine function of the mother and her child under real-life stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Romanova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - L Karailievova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - A Garafova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Slovak Medical University, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bratislava, Antolska 11, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - N Hlavacova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - H Oravcova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - D Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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13
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Hrivikova K, Zelena D, Graban J, Puhova A, Miklya I, Balazsfi D, Jezova D. Chronic treatment with enhancer drugs modifies the gene expression of selected parameters related to brain plasticity in rats under stress conditions. Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105404. [PMID: 35853552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selegiline, also known as L-deprenyl, and (2R)-1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N-propylpentane-2-amine (BPAP) were found to induce enhancement of monoamine neurotransmission in low and very low doses. In addition, these enhancers may modify glutamatergic neurotransmission. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that under stress conditions, chronic treatment with enhancer drugs has a positive impact on the glutamatergic system and other parameters related to brain plasticity, stress-related systems, and anxiety behavior. We exposed male Wistar rats to a chronic mild stress procedure combined with chronic treatment with two synthetic enhancer drugs. The gene expression of GluR1, an AMPA receptor subunit was reduced by repeated treatment with deprenyl in the hippocampus and with both BPAP and deprenyl in the prefrontal cortex. A significant reduction of NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B expression was observed in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex. Deprenyl treatment led to an enhancement of hippocampal BDNFmRNA concentrations in stress-exposed rats. Treatment with enhancer drugs failed to induce significant changes in stress hormone concentrations or anxiety behavior. In conclusion, the present study in chronically stressed rats showed that concomitant treatment with enhancer drugs did not provoke substantial neuroendocrine changes, but modified gene expression of selected parameters associated with brain plasticity. Observed changes may indicate a positive influence of enhancer drugs on brain plasticity, which is important for preventing negative consequences of chronic stress and enhancement of stress resilience. It may be suggested that the changes in glutamate receptor subunits induced by enhancer drugs are brain region-specific and not dose-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hrivikova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Zelena
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, 7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083, Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary
| | - J Graban
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - A Puhova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I Miklya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089, Budapest, Nagyvarad Ter 4, Hungary
| | - D Balazsfi
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083, Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary
| | - D Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Romanova Z, Hrivikova K, Riecansky I, Jezova D. Salivary testosterone, testosterone/cortisol ratio and non-verbal behavior in stress. Steroids 2022; 182:108999. [PMID: 35257713 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.108999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between hormone release and non-verbal communication under stress conditions is still not sufficiently explored. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that salivary testosterone concentrations and testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratios correlate positively with assertive behavior representing a non-aggressive form of dominance during an acute stress situation. As a stress model, a socially evaluated cold pressor test was investigated in healthy men. The non-verbal behavior was analyzed according to the ethological coding system for interviews described by Troisi (1999). Salivary testosterone concentrations did not change throughout the stress test. The T/C ratios decreased significantly over time only in subjects showing high stress perception. The duration of affiliative and the frequency of flight behavior was higher in subjects with high stress perception compared to those with low stress perception. A significant positive correlation between the duration of prosocial behavior and values of T/C ratios was found in the whole sample. The area under the curve values of testosterone positively correlated with the duration of assertive behavior in the group with high stress perception and negatively in the other group. Our findings allow suggesting that the changes in non-verbal behavior during acute psychosocial stress situations may be more pronounced in subjects showing high stress perception. Obtained results motivate further research on a better understanding of the consequences of the lack of sense of full facial expressions, such as wearing face masks, on the balance between hormones and non-verbal behavior under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Romanova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - K Hrivikova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I Riecansky
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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15
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Romanova Z, Hlavacova N, Jezova D. Psychotropic Drug Effects on Steroid Stress Hormone Release and Possible Mechanisms Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020908. [PMID: 35055090 PMCID: PMC8779609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that chronic stress accompanied by adrenocortical stress hormone release affects the development and treatment outcome of several mental disorders. Less attention has been paid to the effects of psychotropic drugs on adrenocortical steroids, particularly in clinical studies. This review focuses on the knowledge related to the possible modulation of cortisol and aldosterone secretion under non-stress and stress conditions by antipsychotic drugs, which are being used in the treatment of several psychotic and affective disorders. The molecular mechanisms by which antipsychotic drugs may influence steroid stress hormones include the modulation of central and/or adrenocortical dopamine and serotonin receptors, modulation of inflammatory cytokines, influence on regulatory mechanisms in the central part of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, inhibition of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene promoters, influencing glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene transcription, indirect effects via prolactin release, alteration of signaling pathways of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions. Clinical studies performed in healthy subjects, patients with psychosis, and patients with bipolar disorder suggest that single and repeated antipsychotic treatments either reduce cortisol concentrations or do not affect its secretion. A single and potentially long-term treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists, including antipsychotics, has a stimulatory action on aldosterone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Romanova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.R.); (N.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.R.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Dremencov E, Jezova D, Barak S, Gaburjakova J, Gaburjakova M, Kutna V, Ovsepian SV. Trophic factors as potential therapies for treatment of major mental disorders. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136194. [PMID: 34433100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding major advances in psychotherapeutics, their efficacy and specificity remain limited. The slow onset of beneficial outcomes and numerous adverse effects of widely used medications remain of chief concern, warranting in-depth studies. The majority of frontline therapies are thought to enhance the endogenous monoaminergic drive, to initiate a cascade of molecular events leading to lasting functional and structural plasticity. They also involve alterations in trophic factor signalling, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), VGF (non-acronymic), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and others. In several major mental disorders, emerging data suggest protective and restorative effects of trophic factors in preclinical models, when applied on their own. Antidepressant outcomes of VGF and FGF2, for instance, were shown in experimental animals, while BDNF and GDNF prove useful in the treatment of addiction, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders. The main challenge with the effective translation of these and other findings in the clinic is the knowledge gap in action mechanisms with potential risks, as well as the lack of effective platforms for validation under clinical settings. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art and advances in the therapeutic use of trophic factors in several major neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliyahu Dremencov
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Segev Barak
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jana Gaburjakova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Gaburjakova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Kutna
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Saak V Ovsepian
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
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17
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Izakova L, Hlavacova N, Jezova D. Steroid stress hormone changes throughout the menstrual cycle: A rise in evening aldosterone concentration in early luteal phase precedes the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13043. [PMID: 34595778 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is still a lack of consistent evidence on dysregulation of steroid stress hormones cortisol and aldosterone in premenstrual syndrome (PMS). We aimed to test the hypothesis that, in healthy women, salivary aldosterone concentrations are higher in those with PMS compared to controls, particularly during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In total, 99 female subjects (49 women with and 50 women without PMS) participated in a prospective non-interventional case-control study. Saliva sampling was performed in the follicular (day 8), early luteal (day 20) and late luteal phase (2 days before expected onset of bleeding) of the menstrual cycle in the morning and the evening. The results confirmed the hypothesis that salivary aldosterone concentrations are higher in women with PMS during the early luteal phase compared to controls (p < .01) in the evening. Early luteal phase aldosterone concentrations positively correlated with the frequency of premenstrual symptoms. Women with PMS exhibited a flatter morning to evening aldosterone slope compared to controls (p < .05). Morning and evening salivary cortisol concentrations were unchanged throughout the menstrual cycle in both groups of women. In conclusion, evening salivary aldosterone, but not cortisol concentrations, are increased in women with PMS during the early luteal phase compared to controls. Cortisol does not appear to be involved in the mechanisms contributing to the course of PMS. High evening salivary aldosterone in the early luteal phase may represent an important risk factor and could be of predictive value for the occurrence of premenstrual symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomira Izakova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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18
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Homberg JR, Adan RAH, Alenina N, Asiminas A, Bader M, Beckers T, Begg DP, Blokland A, Burger ME, van Dijk G, Eisel ULM, Elgersma Y, Englitz B, Fernandez-Ruiz A, Fitzsimons CP, van Dam AM, Gass P, Grandjean J, Havekes R, Henckens MJAG, Herden C, Hut RA, Jarrett W, Jeffrey K, Jezova D, Kalsbeek A, Kamermans M, Kas MJ, Kasri NN, Kiliaan AJ, Kolk SM, Korosi A, Korte SM, Kozicz T, Kushner SA, Leech K, Lesch KP, Lesscher H, Lucassen PJ, Luthi A, Ma L, Mallien AS, Meerlo P, Mejias JF, Meye FJ, Mitchell AS, Mul JD, Olcese U, González AO, Olivier JDA, Pasqualetti M, Pennartz CMA, Popik P, Prickaerts J, de la Prida LM, Ribeiro S, Roozendaal B, Rossato JI, Salari AA, Schoemaker RG, Smit AB, Vanderschuren LJMJ, Takeuchi T, van der Veen R, Smidt MP, Vyazovskiy VV, Wiesmann M, Wierenga CJ, Williams B, Willuhn I, Wöhr M, Wolvekamp M, van der Zee EA, Genzel L. The continued need for animals to advance brain research. Neuron 2021; 109:2374-2379. [PMID: 34352213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A H Adan
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia Alenina
- The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonis Asiminas
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Bader
- The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Beckers
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute and Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Denovan P Begg
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Gertjan van Dijk
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie van Dam
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Gass
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim Faculty, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Robbert Havekes
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Gießen, Gießen, Germany; Center of Mind Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kate Jeffrey
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Kamermans
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martien J Kas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Mechiel Korte
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kirk Leech
- European Animal Research Association, London, UK
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lesscher
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita Luthi
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liya Ma
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne S Mallien
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim Faculty, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jorge F Mejias
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J Meye
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joram D Mul
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Umberto Olcese
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jocelien D A Olivier
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cyriel M A Pennartz
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Piotr Popik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | | | - Liset M de la Prida
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Janine I Rossato
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ali-Akbar Salari
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rixt van der Veen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marten P Smidt
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Corette J Wierenga
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ingo Willuhn
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Center of Mind Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Marburg, Germany; Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Psychology, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Marburg, Germany; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute and Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Eddy A van der Zee
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Genzel
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Karailiev P, Hlavacova N, Chmelova M, Homer NZM, Jezova D. Tight junction proteins in the small intestine and prefrontal cortex of female rats exposed to stress of chronic isolation starting early in life. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14084. [PMID: 33497497 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous evaluation of barrier protein expression in the gut and the brain and their modulation under stress conditions have not been studied before now. As the permeability and function of the gut and blood-brain barrier are different and both express the MRs, we hypothesized that stress of post-weaning social isolation induces changes in tight junction protein expression in the gut which are (1) independent of changes in the brain and (2) are mediated via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). METHODS First, using UPLC-MS/MS we have successfully validated and selected a dose (1.2 mg/rat/day) of the MR antagonist spironolactone to treat female rats exposed to stress of chronic isolation or control conditions from postnatal day 21 for 9 weeks. KEY RESULTS Isolation stress caused an enhancement of gene expression of occludin and ZO-1 and a decrease in claudin-5 and MR expression in both the small intestine and prefrontal cortex. Isolation stress failed to decrease claudin-5 (small intestine) and MR (prefrontal cortex) gene expression in spironolactone-treated rats. MR blockade resulted in a decrease in claudin-15 expression in the small intestine. Anxiogenic effect of chronic stress, measured in elevated plus-maze test, was partly prevented by spironolactone treatment. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Claudins, the main regulators of intestinal barrier permeability responded to chronic stress of social isolation and/or simultaneous blockade of MR in female rats by alterations independent of changes in the brain cortex. The results suggest a physiological role of MR in the control of claudin expression in the small intestine, but not in the brain cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Karailiev
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdalena Chmelova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh CRF, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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20
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Chomanic P, Karailievova L, Graban J, Jezova D. Delta-Opioid Receptors Play a Role in the Control of Selected Parameters Related to Stress and Brain Plasticity Under Non-stress and/or Stress Conditions. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:137-146. [PMID: 33683529 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is some evidence that delta-opioid receptors may be involved in the brain processes related to neuroprotection. The aim of the present studies was to test the hypothesis that endogenous opioid peptides acting via delta-opioid receptors can protect against stress-induced changes in factors related to brain plasticity and stress hormone release. Forty male adult Wistar rats were used. Half of the animals were exposed to sustained partial restraint stress (hypokinesis) lasting 48 h. Rats were treated with vehicle (isotonic saline) or the delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (3 mg/kg/ml, s.c.) six times a day. The stressfulness of the model was confirmed by increased plasma concentrations of corticosterone and prolactin, the increase in anxiety behavior in the open field test, as well as the reduction of BrdU incorporation into newly formed DNA in the hippocampus. Treatment with naltrindole potentiated the stress-induced rise in aldosterone concentrations. The blockade of delta-opioid receptors resulted in a decrease in hippocampal BDNF gene expression independently of control or stress conditions. Treatment with naltrindole enhanced plasma concentrations of copeptin, a stable precursor of vasopressin. In conclusion, these results suggest that endogenous opioid peptides might play an inhibitory role in aldosterone release under stress conditions and in the control of vasopressin release independently of stress exposure. Endogenous opioids might stimulate hippocampal gene expression of the important neurotrophic factor BDNF via delta-opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chomanic
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Department of Endocrine Regulations and Psychopharmacology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Karailievova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Department of Endocrine Regulations and Psychopharmacology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Graban
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Department of Endocrine Regulations and Psychopharmacology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Department of Endocrine Regulations and Psychopharmacology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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21
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Csatlosova K, Bogi E, Durisova B, Grinchii D, Paliokha R, Moravcikova L, Lacinova L, Jezova D, Dremencov E. Maternal immune activation in rats attenuates the excitability of monoamine-secreting neurons in adult offspring in a sex-specific way. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 43:82-91. [PMID: 33341344 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Higher risk of depression and schizophrenia in descendants of mothers experienced acute infection during the pregnancy has been reported. Since monoamines are fundamental in mentioned psychopathologies, it is possible that maternal immune activation leads to impaired functioning of serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline, and dopamine neurons in offspring. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of maternal immune activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats on the excitability of monoamine-secreting neurons in the offspring. LPS was administered during days 15-19 of the gestation in the rising doses of 20-80 µg/kg; control dams received vehicle. During days 53-63 postpartum, rats were anesthetized and electrodes were inserted into the dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, and ventral tegmental area for in vivo excitability assessment of 5-HT, noradrenaline, and dopamine neurons. Maternal immune activation suppressed the firing rate of 5-HT neurons in both sexes and stimulated the firing rate of dopamine neurons in males. Decrease in the firing rate of 5-HT neurons was accompanied with an increase, and increase in the firing rate of dopamine neurons with a decrease, in the density of spontaneously active cells. Maternal immune activation also decreased the variability of interspike intervals in 5-HT and dopamine neurons. It is possible that the alteration of excitability of 5-HT and dopamine neurons by maternal immune activation is involved in the psychopathologies induced by infectious disease during the pregnancy. Stimulation of dopamine excitability in males might be a compensatory mechanism secondary to the maternal immune challenge-induced suppression of 5-HT neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Csatlosova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eszter Bogi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Durisova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniil Grinchii
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ruslan Paliokha
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Moravcikova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Lacinova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eliyahu Dremencov
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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22
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Murck H, Luerweg B, Hahn J, Braunisch M, Jezova D, Zavorotnyy M, Konrad C, Jansen A, Kircher T. Ventricular volume, white matter alterations and outcome of major depression and their relationship to endocrine parameters - A pilot study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:104-118. [PMID: 32306867 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1757754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain morphology and its relation to endocrine parameters were examined, in order to determine the link of these parameters to treatment outcome to psychopharmacological treatment in depressed patients. METHODS We examined the potentially predictive value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) parameters related to mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) function on the treatment outcome of depression. 16 inpatients with a major depressive episode (MDE) were studied at baseline and 14 of them approximately six weeks later. Physiological biomarkers and 3-T-structural MRI based volume measures, using FreeSurfer 6.0 software, were determined. RESULTS Non-responders (<50% reduction of HAMD-21; n = 6) had a significantly smaller volume of the right anterior cingulate cortex, a significantly larger ventricle to brain ratio (VBR) and third ventricle volume, and smaller volumes of the central and central-anterior corpus callosum (CC) in comparison to responders (n = 7; all p ≤ 0.05). Correlational analysis (Spearman) demonstrated that larger ventricle volume was correlated to a worse treatment outcome, higher body mass index (BMI) and smaller CC segment volume, whereas the total CC volume was negatively correlated to the saliva aldosterone/cortisol concentration ratio (AC-ratio). CONCLUSION Large ventricular volume may be a predictive marker for worse treatment response to standard antidepressant treatment, potentially via compression of white matter structures. A mediating role of the previously identified markers BMI and the AC-ratio, is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Murck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Murck-Neuroscience, Westfield, NJ, USA
| | - Benjamin Luerweg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Braunisch
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maxim Zavorotnyy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Konrad
- Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Rotenburg, Rotenburg (Wuemme), Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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24
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Garafova A, Kornanova E, Chovancova D, Borovsky M, Karailiev P, Hlavacova N, Jezova D. Relationships between antenatal corticosteroids and catecholamine blood pressure support in neonates: considering of maternal stress-related diseases. Stress 2020; 23:694-699. [PMID: 32762500 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1806227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy child development is under the influence of prenatal and perinatal exposure to stress stimuli. The aim of this study is to test the hypotheses that (1) neonates requiring catecholamine blood pressure support are more often born to mothers with stress-related cardiometabolic diseases, (2) maternal stress-related diseases are associated with more frequent requirement of maternal corticosteroid treatment and (3) antenatal steroid exposure of neonates reduces the need of postnatal catecholamine support. A retrospective cohort study was performed on a sample of 427 mature (13%), preterm (64%) and extremely preterm (23%) neonates of both sexes. Mothers at risk of preterm delivery were treated with dexamethasone. The blood pressure support in neonates was performed by intravenous treatment via umbilical or epicutaneous venous catheter with dopamine (5 ug/kg/min) or dobutamine (5 ug/kg/min) or a combination of both. The results showed a lack of association between maternal stress-related diseases and the complicated outcome of their neonates. Maternal treatment with corticosteroid dexamethasone was associated with lower frequency of catecholamine blood pressure support requirement. Catecholamine support was more needed in male infants. Thus, the occurrence of maternal cardiometabolic stress-related diseases does not appear to be related to the need of catecholamine support in the neonate. In agreement with the second hypothesis, a more frequent maternal corticosteroid treatment was associated with the presence of maternal stress-related diseases. Most importantly, the obtained results support the hypothesis on positive influence of maternal glucocorticoid administration on cardiovascular outcome of the neonate, representing an additional beneficial effect of antenatal corticosteroids. LAY SUMMARY Maternal hypertension, diabetes and obesity, which belong to cardiometabolic stress-related diseases, failed to show a negative influence on neonatal health as was determined by the need of catecholamine blood pressure support in a large sample of 427 immature and mature newborns. Since glucocorticoids are often viewed as negative agents that should be avoided, the important finding of the present study is the beneficial effect of maternal corticosteroid treatment on blood pressure stability of the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Garafova
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bratislava, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kornanova
- 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of the Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Darina Chovancova
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bratislava, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Borovsky
- 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of the Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Karailiev
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Abstract
Measurement of basal and stress-induced salivary alpha-amylase activity may help to understand autonomic nervous system disturbance in mental disorders. The potential sympathetic nervous system dysregulation in children and adolescent psychopathologies is mostly unknown. The present study was aimed to test the hypothesis that salivary alpha-amylase activity is higher in youths diagnosed with depression than in healthy subjects considering a part of the daily rhythm of enzyme activity and its morning to midday slope. A total of 30 children aged 15 ± 0.46 years (15 patients with depression, 4 boys, 11 girls, and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls) participated in the study. Two saliva samples were collected from each subject to measure activity of alpha-amylase in the morning and midday. The results of the present study revealed that the midday but not morning alpha-amylase activity was lower in patients with depression than in healthy controls. The diurnal increase in enzyme activity present in healthy subjects was absent in patients. The children and adolescents with depression exhibited flatter morning to midday slopes of alpha-amylase activity. In conclusion, the present results indicate a disturbance of alpha-amylase daily rhythm in youths with depression and motivate further studies on the relationship between sympathetic activation and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Trebaticka
- Department of Paediatric Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and the National Institute of Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Buzgoova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdenka Durackova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Solarikova P, Karailievova L, Rajcani J, Brezina I, Jezova D. Cumulative cortisol concentrations in hair of patients with atopy are lower than in healthy subjects and are not related to their perceived stress experience. Stress 2020; 23:746-749. [PMID: 32996381 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1825673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with atopy were found to exhibit blunted cortisol responses to acute stress stimuli. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that cumulative cortisol concentrations in the hair of patients with atopy are lower than in healthy subjects when related to their perceived stress experience. The sample consisted of 31 participants. The most proximal 3 cm of hair (as close to the scalp as possible), reflecting the cumulative cortisol secretion during the previous 3 months, was used for the analysis. Only in 20 subjects (9 patients with atopy and 11 healthy controls), there was a sufficient amount of hair for precise analysis using a new methodology. The results showed lower hair cortisol concentrations in patients with atopy compared to those in controls. The perceived stress scores in patients with atopy and healthy controls were not statistically different. The cortisol concentration/perceived stress score ratios were lower in patients with atopy compared to those in controls. No statistically significant correlation between hair cortisol and long-term experienced stress assessed via perceived stress scale was observed. In conclusion, the cumulative cortisol secretion in the hair of atopic patients is lower than would be expected according to their subjective scores of perceived stress. Most importantly, the previously lower stress hormone increase found in acute stress situations and in children now was confirmed in adult patients with chronic stress load.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solarikova
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Karailievova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Rajcani
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I Brezina
- Faculty of Arts, Department of Psychology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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27
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Karailiev P, Hlavacova N, Chomanic P, Riecansky I, Jezova D. Dopamine concentrations and dopamine receptor gene expression in emotion-related brain structures of female adult rats exposed to stress of chronic isolation from weaning. Gen Physiol Biophys 2020; 39:393-398. [PMID: 32902408 DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is known that early-life stress events induce profound consequences on emotional brain regions including amygdala, involved in emotional processing and the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which contains neuron cell bodies of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that stress induced by long-term social isolation from weaning in female rats is associated with alterations in amygdalar dopamine receptor gene expression and VTA dopamine concentrations. Rats were weaned on postnatal day 21 and then exposed to stress of chronic isolation for 9 weeks. Control animals were housed socially. Amygdalar dopamine D1 but not D2 receptor gene expression was decreased in isolated rats compared to controls. Dopamine concentrations in the VTA were enhanced following chronic isolation. A negative correlation was observed between amygdalar D1 gene expression and dopamine concentrations in the VTA. In conclusion, a reduction of dopamine D1 receptor gene expression in the amygdala in response to stress induced by chronic isolation in female rats was accompanied by an increase in dopamine concentration in the VTA. Further studies are needed to understand the physiological significance, if any, of negative association of amygdalar dopamine receptor D1 gene expression and dopamine concentrations in the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Karailiev
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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28
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Buzgoova K, Balagova L, Marko M, Kapsdorfer D, Riecansky I, Jezova D. Higher perceived stress is associated with lower cortisol concentrations but higher salivary interleukin-1beta in socially evaluated cold pressor test. Stress 2020; 23:248-255. [PMID: 31466500 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1660872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between subjective stress perception and the objective stress response to acute stress stimuli is not sufficiently understood. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the neuroendocrine response in socially evaluated cold pressor test (CPT) depends on the extent of perceived stressfulness of the stimulus. The test was performed in 24 healthy male volunteers. Subjective stress perception was assessed using nine visual analog scales. The subjects were divided to low and high stress perception groups according to the median split of the scores. Subjects with high stress perception exhibited slightly lower values of systolic blood pressure and lower overall concentrations of salivary cortisol compared to subjects with low stress perception. Salivary alpha-amylase activity did not show significant changes. Salivary aldosterone decreased in time in subjects with low but increased early after the test in subjects with high stress perception. Interestingly, salivary concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta were considerably higher in subjects with high stress perception, particularly immediately before the test. The differences in salivary cortisol and interleukin-1beta were confirmed by the analysis with distress as a continuous covariate. Distress scores correlated negatively with salivary cortisol and positively with interleukin-1beta. The rate pressure product, which is a global measure of energy consumption by the heart, was significantly higher immediately before than after the stress exposure. The present findings show that concentrations of interleukin-1beta are a sensitive component of the stress response at the time before the stressful event.Lay summaryIt is generally expected that higher perceived stressfulness of a stimulus is accompanied by higher activation of stress-related systems. This study evaluating a combined psychosocial and physical stress situation in healthy men provides evidence that individual parameters of the stress response are differently related to perceived stress intensity. Subjects with high stress perception exhibited lower systolic blood pressure and salivary cortisol, higher interleukin-1beta, marginal differences in alpha amylase and aldosterone compared to subjects with low stress perception, which might be important for stress coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Buzgoova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Balagova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Marko
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Kapsdorfer
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Riecansky
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Jezova D, Balagova L, Chmelova M, Hlavacova N. Classical Steroids in a New Fashion: Focus on Testosterone and Aldosterone. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 20:1112-1118. [PMID: 31272353 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190704151254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several endocrine glands produce steroid hormones. Thanks to the work of chemists and biochemists, the main synthetic as well as metabolic pathways of steroid hormones were included in the textbooks more than 50 years ago and the classical endocrine gland functions were identified. Later on, evidence of steroid hormone effects beyond the classical endocrine gland function has been accumulating. Testosterone was shown to participate in the stress response and may influence coping with stressors. We have shown a decrease in testosterone concentrations in saliva in children undergoing a school exam compared to values on a non-exam school day. Testosterone has been associated with different cognitive functions in both adults and children. Circulating testosterone has been linked to negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Aldosterone is acting via mineralocorticoid receptors, which are thought to be fully occupied by glucocorticoids in the brain. Until now, an action of aldosterone in the brain has not been considered at all, because the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which would enable aldosterone to bind to receptors is absent in most of the brain areas. We have brought evidence that aldosterone can act in the brain and produce anxiogenic and depressogenic effects. To facilitate the translation of animal findings into clinical research, we have developed methodology for measurement of salivary aldosterone and obtained first data on a relationship between salivary aldosterone and trait anxiety. We have shown that salivary aldosterone concentrations reflect treatment outcome in patients with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Balagova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdalena Chmelova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Izakova L, Hlavacova N, Segeda V, Kapsdorfer D, Morovicsova E, Jezova D. Salivary Aldosterone, Cortisol, and Their Morning to Evening Slopes in Patients with Depressive Disorder and Healthy Subjects: Acute Episode and Follow-Up 6 Months after Reaching Remission. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:1001-1009. [PMID: 31935730 DOI: 10.1159/000505921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Cortisol is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Less attention has been given to other neuroendocrine factors. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that adrenocortical steroids aldosterone and cortisol show different dynamic changes in the course of clinical depression with the assumption that aldosterone is a state marker of depression. METHODS A total of 78 adult subjects (39 patients with depressive disorder and 39 healthy controls) participated in a prospective non-interventional clinical study. Patients were investigated at the time of an acute episode and 6 months after reaching remission. The clinical and personal characteristics, and morning and evening salivary concentrations of aldosterone and cortisol were evaluated. RESULTS Patients with an acute depressive episode exhibited higher evening aldosterone and lower morning cortisol concentrations compared to healthy subjects. In these patients, both hormone concentrations showed flatter morning to evening slopes. Salivary aldosterone, but not cortisol concentrations, were lower in patients 6 months after reaching remission compared to those in the acute state. Similarly, 6 months of remission resulted in a steeper morning to evening slope of salivary aldosterone compared to the acute state. The cortisol rhythm remained dysregulated. A significant negative correlation between trait anxiety scores and morning cortisol concentrations in patients at 6 months of clinical remission was observed. CONCLUSION Diurnal changes in salivary aldosterone concentrations appear to be a state marker, whilst those of cortisol a trait marker of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomira Izakova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktor Segeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Kapsdorfer
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Morovicsova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia ,
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Murck H, Lehr L, Hahn J, Braunisch MC, Jezova D, Zavorotnyy M. Adjunct Therapy With Glycyrrhiza Glabra Rapidly Improves Outcome in Depression-A Pilot Study to Support 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Inhibition as a New Target. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:605949. [PMID: 33362613 PMCID: PMC7758437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.605949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid-receptor (MR) dysfunction as expressed by low systolic blood pressure and a high salivary aldosterone/cortisol ratio predicts less favorable antidepressant treatment outcome. Inhibition of peripheral 11-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) reverses these markers. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the 11betaHSD2 inhibitor glycyrrhizin affects treatment outcome via this mechanism. We administered Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) extract containing 7-8 % of glycyrrhizin at a dose of 2 × 700 mg daily adjunct to standard antidepressants in hospitalized patients with major depression. These subjects were compared in an open-label fashion with patients, who did not receive GG (treatment as usual, TAU). Assessments were done at baseline and approximately 2 weeks after. Twelve subjects were treated with GG and compared to 55 subjects with TAU. At week 2, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21) change from baseline as well as the CGI-S change showed a significant time × treatment interaction (p < 0.03), indicating a possible therapeutic benefit of GG. Clinical benefit seems to be more pronounced in subjects with lower systolic blood pressure and significantly correlated with reduced sleep duration in the GG group. Our preliminary data show that treatment with the 11betaHSD2 inhibitor glycyrrhizin may possess a beneficial effect on antidepressant response, which may be specific to a defined depression subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Murck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Murck-Neuroscience, Westfield, NJ, United States
| | - Lisa Lehr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias C Braunisch
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maxim Zavorotnyy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Services Aargau, Academic Hospital of the University of Zurich, Brugg, Switzerland.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-MCMBB, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Tseilikman V, Dremencov E, Tseilikman O, Pavlovicova M, Lacinova L, Jezova D. Role of glucocorticoid- and monoamine-metabolizing enzymes in stress-related psychopathological processes. Stress 2020; 23:1-12. [PMID: 31322459 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1641080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid signaling is fundamental in healthy stress coping and in the pathophysiology of stress-related diseases, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Glucocorticoids are metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) as well as 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) and 2 (11βHSD2). Acute stress-induced increase in glucocorticoid concentrations stimulates the expression of several CYP sub-types. CYP is primarily responsible for glucocorticoid metabolism and its increased activity can result in decreased circulating glucocorticoids in response to repeated stress stimuli. In addition, repeated stress-induced glucocorticoid release can promote 11βHSD1 activation and 11βHSD2 inhibition, and the 11βHSD2 suppression can lead to apparent mineralocorticoid excess. The activation of CYP and 11βHSD1 and the suppression of 11βHSD2 may at least partly contribute to development of the blunted glucocorticoid response to stressors characteristic in high trait anxiety, PTSD, and other stress-related disorders. Glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid-metabolizing enzymes interact closely with other biomolecules such as inflammatory cytokines, monoamines, and some monoamine-metabolizing enzymes, namely the monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) and B (MAO-B). Glucocorticoids boost MAO activity and this decreases monoamine levels and induces oxidative tissue damage which then activates inflammatory cytokines. The inflammatory cytokines suppress CYP expression and activity. This dynamic cross-talk between glucocorticoids, monoamines, and their metabolizing enzymes could be a critical factor in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.Lay summaryGlucocorticoids, which are produced and released under the control by brain regulatory centers, are fundamental in the stress response. This review emphasizes the importance of glucocorticoid metabolism and particularly the interaction between the brain and the liver as the major metabolic organ in the body. The activity of enzymes involved in glucocorticoid metabolism is proposed to play not only an important role in positive, healthy glucocorticoid effects, but also to contribute to the development and course of stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Eliyahu Dremencov
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Michaela Pavlovicova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Lacinova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Balagova L, Graban J, Puhova A, Jezova D. Opposite Effects of Voluntary Physical Exercise on β3-Adrenergic Receptors in the White and Brown Adipose Tissue. Horm Metab Res 2019; 51:608-617. [PMID: 31295748 DOI: 10.1055/a-0928-0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamine effects via β3-adrenergic receptors are important for the metabolism of the adipose tissue. Physical exercise is a core component of antiobesity regimens. We have tested the hypothesis that voluntary wheel running results in enhancement of β3-adrenergic receptor gene expression in the white and brown adipose tissues. The secondary hypothesis is that dietary tryptophan depletion modifies metabolic effects of exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned for sedentary and exercise groups with free access to running wheels for 3 weeks. All animals received normal control diet for 7 days. Both groups were fed either by low tryptophan (0.04%) diet or by control diet (0.2%) for next 2 weeks. The β3-adrenergic receptor mRNA levels in response to running increased in the retroperitoneal and epididymal fat pads. The gene expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) was increased in the brown, while unchanged in the white fat tissues. Unlike control animals, the rats fed by low tryptophan diet did not exhibit a reduction of the white adipose tissue mass. Tryptophan depletion resulted in enhanced concentrations of plasma aldosterone and corticosterone, but had no influence on exercise-induced adrenal hypertrophy. No changes in β3-adrenergic receptor and cell proliferation measured by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation in left heart ventricle were observed. The reduced β3-adrenergic receptor but not enhanced uncoupling protein-1 gene expression supports the hypothesis on hypoactive brown adipose tissue during exercise. Reduction in dietary tryptophan had no major influence on the exercise-induced changes in the metabolic parameters measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Balagova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Graban
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Agnesa Puhova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Lonek L, Puhova A, Griecsova-Kindernay L, Patel SP, Zohdi V, Jezova D, Ravingerova T. Voluntary exercise may activate components of pro-survival risk pathway in the rat heart and potentially modify cell proliferation in the myocardium. Physiol Res 2019; 68:581-588. [PMID: 31177799 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physical exercise is known to reduce size of infarction, incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, and to improve heart function, molecular mechanisms of this protection are not fully elucidated. We explored the hypothesis that voluntary running, similar to adaptive interventions, such as ischemic or remote preconditioning, may activate components of pro-survival (RISK) pathway and potentially modify cell proliferation. Sprague-Dawley adult male rats freely exercised for 23 days in cages equipped with running wheels, while sedentary controls were housed in standard cages. After 23 days, left ventricular (LV) myocardial tissue samples were collected for the detection of expression and activation of RISK proteins (WB). The day before, a marker of cell proliferation 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was given to all animals to detect its incorporation into DNA of the LV cells (ELISA). Running increased phosphorylation (activation) of Akt, as well as the levels of PKC? and phospho-ERK1/2, whereas BrdU incorporation into DNA was unchanged. In contrast, exercise promoted pro-apoptotic signaling - enhanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of GSK-3ß kinase. Results suggest that in the rat myocardium adapted to physical load, natural cardioprotective processes associated with physiological hypertrophy are stimulated, while cell proliferation is not modified. Up-regulation of pro-apoptotic markers indicates potential induction of cell death mechanisms that might lead to maladaptation in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lonek
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Chmelova M, Jezova D, Riecansky I, Hlavacova N. Post-weaning social isolation of rats induces reduction in the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the hippocampus. Gen Physiol Biophys 2019; 38:365-368. [PMID: 31219430 DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2019019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in chronic stress and neurodevelopmental disorders is of growing research interest. Here we show that post-weaning isolation rearing of rats decreased gene expression of VEGF in the hippocampus. Gene expression of VEGF upstream regulator fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) or its downstream mediator endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was unchanged. Other signaling pathways appear to be involved in isolation-induced reduction in VEGF gene expression. Sex differences in VEGF and eNOS gene expression with significantly higher mRNA levels in females than males were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chmelova
- Department of Endocrine Regulations and Psychopharmacology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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36
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Buzgoova K, Graban J, Balagova L, Hlavacova N, Jezova D. Brain derived neurotrophic factor expression and DNA methylation in response to subchronic valproic acid and/or aldosterone treatment. Croat Med J 2019. [PMID: 31044578 PMCID: PMC6509635 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2019.60.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Methods Results Conclusion
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Ustohal L, Hlavacova N, Mayerova M, Ceskova E, Jezova D. Aldosterone and aldosterone/cortisol ratio is higher in serum of long-term compared to first episode schizophrenia patients: A pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 104:46-49. [PMID: 29940461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that patients with severe depressive episode exhibit higher aldosterone concentrations compared to those with moderate depressive episode. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that circulating concentration of aldosterone reflect the clinical state in patients with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 36 hospitalized patients (25 men, 11 women) with the first episode or long-term course of schizophrenia. The severity of psychopathology was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Samples for measurement of serum aldosterone were obtained immediately after awakening. The results showed that serum aldosterone concentrations were lower in patients with the first episode compared to those in patients with long-term course of schizophrenia. Importantly, lower aldosterone concentrations observed in patients with the first episode were associated with more severe clinical symptoms as indicated by all subscales of PANSS. Serum cortisol concentrations did not differ between the groups, while the aldosterone/cortisol ratio showed similar pattern as aldosterone concentrations. The present pilot study suggests that circulating aldosterone in patients with schizophrenia may reflect the severity of clinical symptoms but in an opposite direction than in patients with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ustohal
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, University Hospital Brno and, Czech Republic; Applied Neurosciences Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - N Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Mayerova
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, University Hospital Brno and, Czech Republic
| | - E Ceskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, University Hospital Brno and, Czech Republic; Applied Neurosciences Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Puhova A, Lonek L, Balagova L, Ravingerova T, Jezova D. CELL PROLIFERATION AND THE REPERFUSION INJURY SALVAGE KINASE PATHWAY IN THE LEFT HEART VENTRICLE OF VOLUNTARY WHEEL RUNNING RATS. Pathophysiology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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39
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Lonek L, Griecsova L, Farkasova V, Szeiffova Bacova B, Pokusa M, Jezova D, Patel S, Barancik M, Ravingerova T. Molecular signaling in myocardium of rats exposed to chronic voluntary exercise: beneficial versus detrimental effects. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hlavacova N, Li Y, Pehrson A, Sanchez C, Bermudez I, Csanova A, Jezova D, Franklin M. Effects of vortioxetine on biomarkers associated with glutamatergic activity in an SSRI insensitive model of depression in female rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:332-338. [PMID: 29269186 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant activity of vortioxetine in a tryptophan (TRP) depletion female rat model of depression and compare it to that of paroxetine using doses that fully occupy the serotonin transporter (SERT). We evaluated the effects of vortioxetine on potential biomarkers associated with TRP depletion including serum aldosterone, corticosterone and IL-6 levels together with indirect indicators of glutamate neurotransmission. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control, low TRP, low TRP/paroxetine or low TRP/vortioxetine groups. Vortioxetine and paroxetine were administered via diet (10mg/kg/day) and drinking water (10mg/kg/day) respectively for 14days. Vortioxetine but not paroxetine reversed TRP depletion-induced depressive-like behavior. Vortioxetine reduced TRP depletion-induced increases of serum corticosterone, aldosterone, IL-6 and N-methyl-d-aspartate and α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in the amygdala and hippocampus, respectively. Paroxetine demonstrated little effect except a reduction of aldosterone. Vortioxetine but not paroxetine reversed TRP depletion-induced reductions of serum and brain kynurenic acid. In conclusion, vortioxetine, but not paroxetine, enabled reversals of TRP depletion-induced changes of depression-like behavior and markers of glutamatergic activity. These observations support the hypothesis that vortioxetine's antidepressant activity may involve mechanisms beyond SERT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Y Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - A Pehrson
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - C Sanchez
- Department of Neuroscience, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - I Bermudez
- School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - A Csanova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Franklin
- School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
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Mucaji P, Atanasov AG, Bak A, Kozik V, Sieron K, Olsen M, Pan W, Liu Y, Hu S, Lan J, Haider N, Musiol R, Vanco J, Diederich M, Ji S, Zitko J, Wang D, Agbaba D, Nikolic K, Oljacic S, Vucicevic J, Jezova D, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Tsopelas F, Giaginis C, Kowalska T, Sajewicz M, Silberring J, Mielczarek P, Smoluch M, Jendrzejewska I, Polanski J, Jampilek J. The Forty-Sixth Euro Congress on Drug Synthesis and Analysis: Snapshot †. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111848. [PMID: 29143778 PMCID: PMC6150335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 46th EuroCongress on Drug Synthesis and Analysis (ECDSA-2017) was arranged within the celebration of the 65th Anniversary of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia from 5-8 September 2017 to get together specialists in medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical analysis, screening of bioactive compounds, pharmacology and drug formulations; promote the exchange of scientific results, methods and ideas; and encourage cooperation between researchers from all over the world. The topic of the conference, "Drug Synthesis and Analysis," meant that the symposium welcomed all pharmacists and/or researchers (chemists, analysts, biologists) and students interested in scientific work dealing with investigations of biologically active compounds as potential drugs. The authors of this manuscript were plenary speakers and other participants of the symposium and members of their research teams. The following summary highlights the major points/topics of the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Mucaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrzej Bak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Violetta Kozik
- Department of Synthesis Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Karolina Sieron
- Department of Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Glendale, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Weidong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Yazhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Shengchao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Junjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Norbert Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Robert Musiol
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jan Vanco
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Seungwon Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jan Zitko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Danica Agbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slavica Oljacic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelica Vucicevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Anna Tsantili-Kakoulidou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Fotios Tsopelas
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece.
| | - Teresa Kowalska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mieczyslaw Sajewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marek Smoluch
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Izabela Jendrzejewska
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, University of Silesia, Bankowa 12, 40006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jaroslaw Polanski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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42
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Franklin M, Hlavacova N, Li Y, Bermudez I, Csanova A, Sanchez C, Jezova D. Contrasting effects of vortioxetine and paroxetine on pineal gland biochemistry in a tryptophan-depletion model of depression in female rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:499-502. [PMID: 28802861 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of the multi-modal antidepressant, vortioxetine and the SSRI, paroxetine on pineal melatonin and monoamine synthesis in a sub-chronic tryptophan (TRP) depletion model of depression based on a low TRP diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised to groups a) control, b) low TRP diet, c) low TRP diet+paroxetine and d) low TRP diet+vortioxetine. Vortioxetine was administered via the diet (0.76mg/kg of food weight) and paroxetine via drinking water (10mg/kg/day) for 14days. Both drugs resulted in SERT occupancies >90%. Vortioxetine significantly reversed TRP depletion-induced reductions of pineal melatonin and serotonin (5-HT) and significantly increased pineal noradrenaline NA. Paroxetine did none of these things. Other studies suggest pineal melatonin synthesis may involve N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and glutamatergic modulation. Here observed changes may be mediated via vortioxetine's strong 5-HT reuptake blocking action together with possible additional effects on glutamate neurotransmission in the pineal via NMDA receptor-modulation and possibly with added impetus from increased NA output.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Franklin
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
| | - N Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre of the Slovak, Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Y Li
- Lundbeck Research USA, Department of Biological Research, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - I Bermudez
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - A Csanova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre of the Slovak, Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - C Sanchez
- Lundbeck Research USA, Department of Biological Research, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - D Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre of the Slovak, Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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43
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Graban J, Hlavacova N, Jezova D. Increased gene expression of selected vesicular and glial glutamate transporters in the frontal cortex in rats exposed to voluntary wheel running. J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 68:709-714. [PMID: 29375045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Though positive effects of exercise on mood and well being are well recognised, the central regulatory mechanisms are still not fully understood. The present study was aimed to testing the hypothesis that voluntary wheel running activates the gene expression of glutamate transporters in the brain cortex of rats. The animals were assigned to the control and voluntary wheel running groups. Voluntary wheel running rats had free access to a stainless steel activity wheel for 3 weeks. The daily running distance gradually increased to 6.21 ± 1.05 km by day 21. Vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) mRNA levels in the frontal cortex were significantly elevated in the group of running animals compared to the values in sedentary controls, while the expression of other vesicular transporters were unchanged. The concentrations of mRNA coding for glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), but not glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) were increased by running. Voluntary wheel running resulted in an elevation of plasma corticosterone and increased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the frontal cortex. In conclusion, chronic voluntary wheel running results in increased gene expression of VGLUT3 and GLT-1 in the brain cortex without changes in other glutamate transporter subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Graban
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - N Hlavacova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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44
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Kapsdorfer D, Hlavacova N, Vondrova D, Argalasova L, Sevcikova L, Jezova D. Neuroendocrine Response to School Load in Prepubertal Children: Focus on Trait Anxiety. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:155-162. [PMID: 28861683 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
At the time of school-age, the most frequent stress stimuli are related to school environment and educational process. Anxiety may play a big role in coping with stressful situations associated with school load. To approach this issue, we performed a real-life study at school during the classwork. The sample consisted of 36 healthy children aged 10 years, which were divided to low and high trait anxiety group based on the median value of the anxiety score. The investigations were carried out in the classroom during a stress condition (final exams) and non-stress condition (without any exam). In the whole sample, the condition with exam was associated with higher cortisol and lower testosterone concentrations in saliva compared to the condition without exam. The activity of salivary alpha-amylase increased at the end of the exam. Anxious children showed higher concentrations of aldosterone and lower activity of alpha-amylase compared to children with low trait anxiety. Cortisol levels were higher in anxious children in the first morning samples before starting the lessons. Children with high and low trait anxiety did not differ in extraversion, neuroticism, as well as non-verbal intelligence and school success. Thus, the anxious children at school showed a more rapid decrease of anticipatory stress-induced cortisol concentrations, higher aldosterone levels, and lower alpha-amylase activities compared to non-anxious children. These changes, particularly high concentrations of aldosterone in children with high trait anxiety, may have an impact on their psychophysiological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kapsdorfer
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - N Hlavacova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Vondrova
- Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Argalasova
- Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Sevcikova
- Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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45
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Segeda V, Izakova L, Hlavacova N, Bednarova A, Jezova D. Aldosterone concentrations in saliva reflect the duration and severity of depressive episode in a sex dependent manner. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 91:164-168. [PMID: 28477530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that aldosterone may exert central actions and influence mental functions. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that major depressive disorder affects the diurnal variation of salivary aldosterone and that aldosterone concentrations reflect the duration and severity of the depressive episode in a sex dependent manner. The sample consisted of 60 patients (37 postmenopausal women, 23 men) with major depressive disorder. Patients were examined two times, in acute depressive episode (admission to the hospital) and after reaching clinical remission (discharge). The samples of saliva were taken by the patients themselves twice a day (8.00-9.00 h in the morning and in the evening). Aldosterone concentrations were significantly higher in women compared to men and were significantly higher at the time of admission to the hospital compared to those at the discharge. Morning but not evening salivary aldosterone concentrations reflected the length of the depressive episode in women as well as the severity of the disorder in both sexes. Moreover, the patients with depression failed to exert known daily rhythmicity of aldosterone release. The present study brings several pieces of evidence suggesting the association of aldosterone with the pathophysiology of depression. Salivary aldosterone concentrations appear to reflect the outcome, the duration and the severity of the depressive episode in a sex dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Segeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Izakova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - N Hlavacova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - A Bednarova
- 2(nd)Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital of L. Pasteur Kosice, Slovakia
| | - D Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Androvicova R, Horacek J, Tintera J, Hlinka J, Rydlo J, Jezova D, Balikova M, Hlozek T, Miksatkova P, Kuchar M, Roman M, Tomicek P, Tyls F, Viktorinova M, Palenicek T. Individual prolactin reactivity modulates response of nucleus accumbens to erotic stimuli during acute cannabis intoxication: an fMRI pilot study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1933-1943. [PMID: 28401285 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Self-report studies indicate that cannabis could increase sexual desire in some users. We hypothesized that intoxication increases activation of brain areas responsive to visual erotica, which could be useful in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder, a condition marked by a lack of sexual desire. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess the aphrodisiacal properties of cannabis. METHODS We conducted an open-randomized study with 21 heterosexual casual cannabis users. A 3T MRI was used to measure brain activation in response to erotic pictures. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of cannabinoids, cortisol and prolactin. Participants were grouped according to whether they had ever experienced any aphrodisiacal effects during intoxication (Group A) or not (Group non-A). RESULTS Intoxication was found to significantly increase activation in the right nucleus accumbens in the Group A while significantly decreasing activation in the Group non-A. There was also a significant interaction between the group and intoxication, with elevated prolactin in the Group non-A during intoxication. No intoxication-related differences in subjective picture evaluations were found. CONCLUSION Cannabis intoxication increases activation of the right nucleus accumbens to erotic stimuli. This effect is limited to users whose prolactin is not elevated in response to intoxication. This effect may be useful in the treatment of low sexual desire.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Androvicova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic. .,Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - J Horacek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Tintera
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Institute of clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Hlinka
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - J Rydlo
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Institute of clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Balikova
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Hlozek
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Miksatkova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Kuchar
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Roman
- Police of the Czech Republic, Institute of criminalistics Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Tomicek
- Police of the Czech Republic, Institute of criminalistics Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Tyls
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Viktorinova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Palenicek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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47
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Androvicova R, Horacek J, Tintera J, Rydlo J, Jezova D, Balikova M, Hlozek T, Miksatkova P, Kuchar M, Hlinka J, Roman M, Tomicek P, Viktorinova M, Tyls F, Palenicek T. Acute Cannabis Intoxication and the Brain's Response to Visual Erotica: An Fmri Study. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Csanova A, Hlavacova N, Hasiec M, Pokusa M, Prokopova B, Jezova D. β 3-Adrenergic receptors, adipokines and neuroendocrine activation during stress induced by repeated immune challenge in male and female rats. Stress 2017; 20:294-302. [PMID: 28412873 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1320387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main hypothesis of the study is that stress associated with repeated immune challenge has an impact on β3-adrenergic receptor gene expression in the brain. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for five consecutive days. LPS treatment was associated with body weight loss and increased anxiety-like behavior. In LPS-treated animals of both sexes, β3-receptor gene expression was increased in the prefrontal cortex but not the hippocampus. LPS treatment decreased β3-receptor gene expression in white adipose tissue with higher values in males compared to females. In the adipose tissue, LPS reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, leptin and adiponectin gene expression, but increased interleukin-6 expression, irrespective of sex. Repeated immune challenge resulted in increased concentrations of plasma aldosterone and corticosterone with higher values of corticosterone in females compared to males. Concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in plasma were unaffected by LPS, while DHEA levels in the frontal cortex were lower in the LPS-treated animals compared to the controls. Thus, changes of DHEA levels in the brain take place irrespective of the changes of this neurosteroid in plasma. We have provided the first evidence on stress-induced increase in β3-adrenergic receptor gene expression in the brain. Greater reduction of β3-adrenergic receptor expression in the adipose tissue and of the body weight gain by repeated immune challenge in male than in female rats suggests sex differences in the role of β3-adrenergic receptors in the metabolic functions. LPS-induced changes in adipose tissue regulatory factors and hormone concentrations might be important for coping with chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnesa Csanova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Malgorzata Hasiec
- b The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences , Jablonna , Poland
| | - Michal Pokusa
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Prokopova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , Comenius University in Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Jezova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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49
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Varga J, Ferenczi S, Kovács KJ, Csáno Á, Prokopova B, Jezova D, Zelena D. Dissociation of adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone as well as aldosterone secretion during stress of hypoglycemia in vasopressin-deficient rats. Life Sci 2016; 166:66-74. [PMID: 27744052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- János Varga
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary
| | - Szilamér Ferenczi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary
| | - Krisztina J Kovács
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Csáno
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Prokopova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary.
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50
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Prokopova B, Hlavacova N, Vlcek M, Penesova A, Grunnerova L, Garafova A, Turcani P, Kollar B, Jezova D. Early cognitive impairment along with decreased stress-induced BDNF in male and female patients with newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 302:34-40. [PMID: 27979325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate neuroendocrine activation during stress in patients with recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis before starting the immunomodulatory therapy (EDSS score≤2.0). We verified the hypothesis that certain cognitive and affective dysfunction is present already at this early stage of the disease. The sample consisted of 38 subjects, which involved patients who were recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis and age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Stroop test served as mental stress model enabling measurement of cognitive performance. Present results showed increased state anxiety, depression scores and poorer performance in the Stroop test in the group of patients compared to healthy subjects. The cognitive dysfunction was particularly evident in male patients with simultaneously decreased concentrations of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in plasma. The patients at this stage of the disease have not yet developed the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. They showed normal levels of plasma copeptin and reduced aldosterone response to mental stress test in women only. Concentrations of plasma copeptin were higher in men compared to women. Very early stages of multiple sclerosis are accompanied by disturbances in psychological well-being, mild cognitive dysfunction and decreased plasma concentrations of BDNF, particularly in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Prokopova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Vlcek
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adela Penesova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Grunnerova
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Peter Turcani
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kollar
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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