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Galbraith ED, Barrington-Leigh C, Miñarro S, Álvarez-Fernández S, Attoh EMNAN, Benyei P, Calvet-Mir L, Carmona R, Chakauya R, Chen Z, Chengula F, Fernández-Llamazares Á, García-del-Amo D, Glauser M, Huanca T, Izquierdo AE, Junqueira AB, Lanker M, Li X, Mariel J, Miara MD, Porcher V, Porcuna-Ferrer A, Schlingmann A, Seidler R, Shrestha UB, Singh P, Torrents-Ticó M, Ulambayar T, Wu R, Reyes-García V. High life satisfaction reported among small-scale societies with low incomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311703121. [PMID: 38315863 PMCID: PMC10873637 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311703121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Global polls have shown that people in high-income countries generally report being more satisfied with their lives than people in low-income countries. The persistence of this correlation, and its similarity to correlations between income and life satisfaction within countries, could lead to the impression that high levels of life satisfaction can only be achieved in wealthy societies. However, global polls have typically overlooked small-scale, nonindustrialized societies, which can provide an alternative test of the consistency of this relationship. Here, we present results from a survey of 2,966 members of Indigenous Peoples and local communities among 19 globally distributed sites. We find that high average levels of life satisfaction, comparable to those of wealthy countries, are reported for numerous populations that have very low monetary incomes. Our results are consistent with the notion that human societies can support very satisfying lives for their members without necessarily requiring high degrees of monetary wealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Galbraith
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona08010, Spain
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, McGill University, Montréal, QCH3A0E8, Canada
| | - Christopher Barrington-Leigh
- Department of Equity, Ethics, and Policy, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, QCH3A 1G1, Canada
- Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Montréal, QCH3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Sara Miñarro
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Santiago Álvarez-Fernández
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Emmanuel M. N. A. N. Attoh
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 HB, Netherlands
- International Water Management Institute, Colombo10120, Sri Lanka
| | - Petra Benyei
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
- Instituto de Economía, Geografía y Demografía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid28037, Spain
| | - Laura Calvet-Mir
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
- Institut Metròpoli, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago8331150, Chile
| | - Rumbidzayi Chakauya
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland
| | - Fasco Chengula
- Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam16103, Tanzania
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland
| | - David García-del-Amo
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | | | - Tomas Huanca
- Boliviano de Investigación y de Desarrollo Socio Integral, San Borja, Bolivia
| | - Andrea E. Izquierdo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5000, Argentina
| | - André B. Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Marisa Lanker
- The Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Juliette Mariel
- Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche Savoirs-Environnement-Sociétés (UMR SENS), Montpellier34398, France
| | - Mohamed D. Miara
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret14000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition Research in Semi-Arid Areas, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret14000, Algeria
| | - Vincent Porcher
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Anna Porcuna-Ferrer
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
- Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche Savoirs-Environnement-Sociétés (UMR SENS), Montpellier34398, France
| | - Anna Schlingmann
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Reinmar Seidler
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA02215
| | | | - Priyatma Singh
- School of Science and Technology, University of Fiji, Saweni, Lautoka, Fiji
| | - Miquel Torrents-Ticó
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland
- Global Change and Conservation, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, HelsinkiFI-00014, Finland
| | - Tungalag Ulambayar
- Zoological Society of London, Mongolia Representative Office, Ulaanbaatar14201, Mongolia
| | - Rihan Wu
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research, Oslo0155, Norway
| | - Victoria Reyes-García
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona08010, Spain
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Reyes-García V, Álvarez-Fernández S, Benyei P, García-del-Amo D, Junqueira AB, Labeyrie V, Li X, Porcher V, Porcuna-Ferrer A, Schlingmann A, Soleymani R. Local indicators of climate change impacts described by indigenous peoples and local communities: Study protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279847. [PMID: 36602984 PMCID: PMC9815565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the quest to improve the understanding of climate change impacts on elements of the atmospheric, physical, and life systems, scientists are challenged by the scarcity and uneven distribution of grounded data. Through their long history of interaction with the environment, Indigenous Peoples and local communities have developed complex knowledge systems that allow them to detect impacts of climate change in the local environment. The study protocol presented here is designed 1) to inventory climate change impacts on the atmospheric, physical, and life systems based on local knowledge and 2) to test hypotheses on the global spatial, socioeconomic, and demographic distribution of reported impacts. The protocol has been developed within the framework of a project aiming to bring insights from Indigenous and local knowledge systems to climate research (https://licci.eu). METHODS Data collection uses a mixed-method approach and relies on the collaboration of a team of 50 trained partners working in sites where people's livelihood directly depend on nature. The data collection protocol consists of two steps. Step 1 includes the collection of secondary data (e.g., spatial and meteorological data) and site contextual information (e.g., village infrastructure, services). Step 1 also includes the use of 1) semi-structured interviews (n = 20-30/site) to document observations of environmental change and their drivers and 2) focus group discussions to identify consensus in the information gathered. Step 2 consist in the application of a household (n from 75 to 125) and individual survey (n from 125 to 175) using a standardized but locally adapted instrument. The survey includes information on 1) individual and household socio-demographic characteristics, 2) direct dependence on nature, 3) household's vulnerability, and 4) individual perceptions of climate change impacts. Survey data are entered in a specifically designed database. EXPECTED RESULTS This protocol allows the systematic documentation and analysis of the patterned distribution of local indicators of climate change impacts across climate types and livelihood activities. Data collected with this protocol helps fill important gaps on local climate change impacts research and can provide tangible outcomes for local people who will be able to better reflect on how climate change impacts them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reyes-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Santiago Álvarez-Fernández
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra Benyei
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David García-del-Amo
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - André B. Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesse Labeyrie
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Gestion des Ressources Renouvelables et Environnement, Montpellier, France
- Gestion des Ressources Renouvelables et Environnement, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent Porcher
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Porcuna-Ferrer
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Schlingmann
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramin Soleymani
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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García-del-Amo D, Mortyn PG, Reyes-García V. Local reports of climate change impacts in Sierra Nevada, Spain: sociodemographic and geographical patterns. Reg Environ Change 2022; 23:14. [PMID: 36540304 PMCID: PMC9758096 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-022-01981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While we know that climate change is having different impacts on various ecosystems and regions of the world, we know less how the perception of such impacts varies within a population. In this study, we examine patterns of individual variation in climate change impacts reports using data from a sample (n = 238) drawn from 33 mountainous municipalities of Sierra Nevada, Spain. Sierra Nevada inhabitants report multiple climate change impacts, being the most frequently reported changes in snowfall and snow cover, abundance of terrestrial fauna, freshwater availability, and extreme temperatures. Reports of climate change impacts vary according to informants' sociodemographic characteristics and geographical location. People with life-long bonds with the environment and higher connection and dependence upon ecosystem services report more climate change impacts than other informants, as do people with lower level of schooling. We also found that reports of climate change impacts vary according to geographic areas, which reinforces the idea that climate change generates differentiated impacts even at small geographical scales. Understanding intracultural variation in reports of climate change impacts not only gives an enriched picture of the human dimensions of climate change but might also help design more targeted mitigation and adaptation responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-022-01981-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-del-Amo
- Institut de Ciència I Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Columnes S/N. Building ICTA-IPC (Z) UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra - Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Graham Mortyn
- Institut de Ciència I Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Columnes S/N. Building ICTA-IPC (Z) UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra - Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra - Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Reyes-García
- Institut de Ciència I Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Columnes S/N. Building ICTA-IPC (Z) UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra - Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Reyes-García V, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y, Benyei P, Bussmann RW, Diamond SK, García-del-Amo D, Guadilla-Sáez S, Hanazaki N, Kosoy N, Lavides M, Luz AC, McElwee P, Meretsky VJ, Newberry T, Molnár Z, Ruiz-Mallén I, Salpeteur M, Wyndham FS, Zorondo-Rodriguez F, Brondizio ES. Recognizing Indigenous peoples' and local communities' rights and agency in the post-2020 Biodiversity Agenda. Ambio 2022; 51:84-92. [PMID: 34008095 PMCID: PMC8651947 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Convention on Biological Diversity is defining the goals that will frame future global biodiversity policy in a context of rapid biodiversity decline and under pressure to make transformative change. Drawing on the work of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, we argue that transformative change requires the foregrounding of Indigenous peoples' and local communities' rights and agency in biodiversity policy. We support this argument with four key points. First, Indigenous peoples and local communities hold knowledge essential for setting realistic and effective biodiversity targets that simultaneously improve local livelihoods. Second, Indigenous peoples' conceptualizations of nature sustain and manifest CBD's 2050 vision of "Living in harmony with nature." Third, Indigenous peoples' and local communities' participation in biodiversity policy contributes to the recognition of human and Indigenous peoples' rights. And fourth, engagement in biodiversity policy is essential for Indigenous peoples and local communities to be able to exercise their recognized rights to territories and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reyes-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les columnes, s/n. Z-building (ICTA-ICP), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Valles, Bellatera, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas
- Centre for Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University Montpellier, CNRS, CEFE, UMR 5175, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Petra Benyei
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les columnes, s/n. Z-building (ICTA-ICP), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Valles, Bellatera, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sara K. Diamond
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas, Austin, USA
- College of Liberal Arts, The University of Texas at Austin, 116 Inner Campus Dr. Stop G6000, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - David García-del-Amo
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les columnes, s/n. Z-building (ICTA-ICP), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Valles, Bellatera, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, ECZ/CCB/UFSC, Campus Trindade s/n, Florianópolis, SC 88010-970 Brazil
| | - Nicolas Kosoy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Macdonald Stewart Building, MS3-037, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9 Canada
| | | | - Ana C. Luz
- ISEG- Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pamela McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, 55 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Vicky J. Meretsky
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Teresa Newberry
- Department of Science, Tohono O’odham Community College, Sells, 1830 E. Broadway, Ste 124-202, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- Centre for Ecological Research, ELKH, Alkotmány u. 2-4, Vácrátót, 2163 Hungary
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Mallén
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Av. Friedrich Gauss, 5, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthieu Salpeteur
- Patrimoines Locaux, Environnement et Globalisation (UMR 208 PALOC), IRD, MNHN, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Felice S. Wyndham
- School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- PO Box 3162, Santa Cruz, CA 95063 USA
| | | | - Eduardo S. Brondizio
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, 702 E. Kirkwood Ave. Student building 130, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA
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García-del-Amo D, Mortyn PG, Reyes-García V. Including Indigenous and local knowledge in climate research. An assessment of the opinion of Spanish climate change researchers. Clim Change 2020; 160:67-88. [PMID: 32457557 PMCID: PMC7250649 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-019-02628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have documented that observations of climate change impacts reported by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities coincide with scientific measurements of such impacts. However, insights from Indigenous and Local Knowledge are not yet completely included in international climate change research and policy fora. In this article, we compare observations of climate change impacts detected by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities from around the world and collected through a literature review (n=198 case studies), with climate scientists' opinions on the relevance of such information for climate change research. Scientists' opinions were collected through a web survey among climate change researchers from universities and research centres in Spain (n=191). In the survey, we asked about the need to collect local level data regarding 68 different groups of indicators of climate change impacts to improve the current knowledge, and about the feasibility of using Indigenous and local knowledge in climate change studies. Results show consensus on the need to continue collecting local level data from all groups of indicators to get a better understanding of climate change impacts, particularly on impacts on the biological system. However, while scientists of our study considered that Indigenous and local knowledge could mostly contribute to detect climate change impacts on the biological and socioeconomic systems, the literature review shows that information on impacts on these systems is rarely collected; researchers instead have mostly documented the impacts on the climatic and physical systems reported by Indigenous and local knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-del-Amo
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Graham Mortyn
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Reyes-García
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Ramet A, Benyei P, Parada M, Aceituno-Mata L, García-del-Amo D, Reyes-García V. Grandparents' Proximity and Children's Traditional Medicinal Plant Knowledge: Insights from Two Schools in Intermediate-Rural Spain. J ETHNOBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-38.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Ramet
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Montpellier II
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona
| | - Petra Benyei
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona
| | - Montserrat Parada
- Laboratori de Botànica (UB) - Unitat associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació — Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona
| | - Laura Aceituno-Mata
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica). Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid
| | - David García-del-Amo
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona
| | - Victoria Reyes-García
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona
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