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Brondizio ES, Giroux SA, Valliant JCD, Blekking J, Dickinson S, Henschel B. Millions of jobs in food production are disappearing - a change in mindset would help to keep them. Nature 2023; 620:33-36. [PMID: 37524923 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
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Reyes-García V, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y, Benyei P, Bussmann RW, García-Del-Amo D, Hanazaki N, Luz AC, McElwee P, Meretsky VJ, Molnár Z, Ruiz-Mallén I, Salpeteur M, Brondizio ES. Response to "Practice what you preach: Ensuring scientific spheres integrate Indigenous Peoples' and Local Communities' rights and agency too" by Lopez-Maldonado. Ambio 2022; 51:813-814. [PMID: 34859384 PMCID: PMC8800989 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reyes-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 - Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Petra Benyei
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 - Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David García-Del-Amo
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 - Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana C Luz
- ISEG- Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pamela McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Vicky J Meretsky
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Mallén
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthieu Salpeteur
- Patrimoines Locaux, Environnement et Globalisation (PALOC), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo S Brondizio
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, USA
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Reyes-García V, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y, Benyei P, Bussmann RW, Diamond SK, García-del-Amo D, Guadilla-Sáez S, Hanazaki N, Kosoy N, Lavides M, Luz AC, McElwee P, Meretsky VJ, Newberry T, Molnár Z, Ruiz-Mallén I, Salpeteur M, Wyndham FS, Zorondo-Rodriguez F, Brondizio ES. Recognizing Indigenous peoples' and local communities' rights and agency in the post-2020 Biodiversity Agenda. Ambio 2022; 51:84-92. [PMID: 34008095 PMCID: PMC8651947 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Convention on Biological Diversity is defining the goals that will frame future global biodiversity policy in a context of rapid biodiversity decline and under pressure to make transformative change. Drawing on the work of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, we argue that transformative change requires the foregrounding of Indigenous peoples' and local communities' rights and agency in biodiversity policy. We support this argument with four key points. First, Indigenous peoples and local communities hold knowledge essential for setting realistic and effective biodiversity targets that simultaneously improve local livelihoods. Second, Indigenous peoples' conceptualizations of nature sustain and manifest CBD's 2050 vision of "Living in harmony with nature." Third, Indigenous peoples' and local communities' participation in biodiversity policy contributes to the recognition of human and Indigenous peoples' rights. And fourth, engagement in biodiversity policy is essential for Indigenous peoples and local communities to be able to exercise their recognized rights to territories and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reyes-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les columnes, s/n. Z-building (ICTA-ICP), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Valles, Bellatera, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas
- Centre for Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University Montpellier, CNRS, CEFE, UMR 5175, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Petra Benyei
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les columnes, s/n. Z-building (ICTA-ICP), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Valles, Bellatera, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sara K. Diamond
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas, Austin, USA
- College of Liberal Arts, The University of Texas at Austin, 116 Inner Campus Dr. Stop G6000, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - David García-del-Amo
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les columnes, s/n. Z-building (ICTA-ICP), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Valles, Bellatera, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, ECZ/CCB/UFSC, Campus Trindade s/n, Florianópolis, SC 88010-970 Brazil
| | - Nicolas Kosoy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Macdonald Stewart Building, MS3-037, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9 Canada
| | | | - Ana C. Luz
- ISEG- Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pamela McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, 55 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Vicky J. Meretsky
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Teresa Newberry
- Department of Science, Tohono O’odham Community College, Sells, 1830 E. Broadway, Ste 124-202, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- Centre for Ecological Research, ELKH, Alkotmány u. 2-4, Vácrátót, 2163 Hungary
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Mallén
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Av. Friedrich Gauss, 5, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthieu Salpeteur
- Patrimoines Locaux, Environnement et Globalisation (UMR 208 PALOC), IRD, MNHN, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Felice S. Wyndham
- School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- PO Box 3162, Santa Cruz, CA 95063 USA
| | | | - Eduardo S. Brondizio
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, 702 E. Kirkwood Ave. Student building 130, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA
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Welch JR, Brondizio ES, Coimbra Jr. CEA. Remote spatial analysis lacking ethnographic grounding mischaracterizes sustainability of Indigenous burning regime. Biota Neotrop 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2021-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Scientific research that purports to evaluate Indigenous fire regimes in the absence of ethnographically contextualized ecological data runs the risk of exacerbating the fire blame game and providing evidence to support distorted narratives advanced by anti-Indigenous advocates. Spatial analysis of fire scars in Indigenous territories can be an effective tool for characterizing cultural fire regimes in terms of distribution and frequency, especially when qualified by linkages to different local ecosystems. A recently published article drew on fire scar mapping from satellite imagery to assess anthropogenic fire distribution and frequency in the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Land, Central Brazil. The authors use their findings to characterize A'uwẽ (Xavante) use of fire as unmanaged and a model of unsustainable use of cerrado resources. In this article, we discuss Aguiar & Martins's recent paper in light of our long-term research on A'uwẽ hunting with fire in the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Land, arguing that A'uwẽ hunters do burn according to established cultural protocols, manage their use of fire for conservationist purposes, and do not cause environmental degradation by burning.
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Fernández-Llamazares Á, Lepofsky D, Lertzman K, Armstrong CG, Brondizio ES, Gavin MC, Lyver PO, Nicholas GP, Pascua P, Reo NJ, Reyes-García V, Turner NJ, Yletyinen J, Anderson EN, Balée W, Cariño J, David-Chavez DM, Dunn CP, Garnett SC, Greening (La'goot) S, (Niniwum Selapem) SJ, Kuhnlein H, Molnár Z, Odonne G, Retter GB, Ripple WJ, Sáfián L, Bahraman AS, Torrents-Ticó M, Vaughan MB. Scientists' Warning to Humanity on Threats to Indigenous and Local Knowledge Systems. J ETHNOBIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-41.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dana Lepofsky
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ken Lertzman
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael C. Gavin
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | | | | | - Pua'ala Pascua
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY
| | - Nicholas J. Reo
- Dartmouth College, Native American Studies and Environmental Studies programs, Hanover, NH
| | | | - Nancy J. Turner
- Emeritus, School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - William Balée
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | | | | | | | - Stephen C. Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
| | | | | | - Harriet Kuhnlein
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment (CINE), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Guillaume Odonne
- UMR 3456 LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, Cayenne, France
| | | | - William J. Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | | | - Abolfazl Sharifian Bahraman
- Range and Watershed Management Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - Miquel Torrents-Ticó
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mehana Blaich Vaughan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Sea Grant College Program and Hui Āina Momona; University of Hawai‘i, Mānoa, HI
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O'Bryan CJ, Garnett ST, Fa JE, Leiper I, Rehbein JA, Fernández‐Llamazares Á, Jackson MV, Jonas HD, Brondizio ES, Burgess ND, Robinson CJ, Zander KK, Molnár Z, Venter O, Watson JEM. The importance of Indigenous Peoples' lands for the conservation of terrestrial mammals. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:1002-1008. [PMID: 32852067 PMCID: PMC8247428 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous Peoples' lands cover over one-quarter of Earth's surface, a significant proportion of which is still free from industrial-level human impacts. As a result, Indigenous Peoples and their lands are crucial for the long-term persistence of Earth's biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, information on species composition on these lands globally remains largely unknown. We conducted the first comprehensive analysis of terrestrial mammal composition across mapped Indigenous lands based on data on area of habitat (AOH) for 4460 mammal species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We overlaid each species' AOH on a current map of Indigenous lands and found that 2695 species (60% of assessed mammals) had ≥10% of their ranges on Indigenous Peoples' lands and 1009 species (23%) had >50% of their ranges on these lands. For threatened species, 473 (47%) occurred on Indigenous lands with 26% having >50% of their habitat on these lands. We also found that 935 mammal species (131 categorized as threatened) had ≥ 10% of their range on Indigenous Peoples' lands that had low human pressure. Our results show how important Indigenous Peoples' lands are to the successful implementation of conservation and sustainable development agendas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. O'Bryan
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Stephen T. Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinNT0909Australia
| | - Julia E. Fa
- Division of Biology and Conservation EcologySchool of Science and the EnvironmentManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM15 5RNU.K.
- Center for International Forestry ResearchSitu GedeBogor16115Indonesia
| | - Ian Leiper
- Research Institute for the Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinNT0909Australia
| | - Jose A. Rehbein
- Environment, Natural Resources, & the Blue Economy Global PracticeThe World BankWashingtonDC20433U.S.A.
| | | | - Micha V. Jackson
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | | | | | - Neil D. Burgess
- Center for MacroecologyEvolution and ClimateUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDK‐2100Denmark
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP‐WCMC)CambridgeCB3 0DLU.K.
| | - Catherine J. Robinson
- Commonwealth Science & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)BrisbaneQLD4102Australia
| | | | - Zsolt Molnár
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Ecology and BotanyVácrátót2163Hungary
| | - Oscar Venter
- Natural Resource and Environmental Studies InstituteUniversity of Northern British Columbia3333 University WayPrince GeorgeBCV2N 4Z9Canada
| | - James E. M. Watson
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
- Global Conservation ProgramWildlife Conservation Society2300 Southern BoulevardBronxNY10460U.S.A.
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Edmonds DA, Caldwell RL, Brondizio ES, Siani SMO. Coastal flooding will disproportionately impact people on river deltas. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4741. [PMID: 32994404 PMCID: PMC7525510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is intensifying tropical cyclones, accelerating sea-level rise, and increasing coastal flooding. River deltas are especially vulnerable to flooding because of their low elevations and densely populated cities. Yet, we do not know how many people live on deltas and their exposure to flooding. Using a new global dataset, we show that 339 million people lived on river deltas in 2017 and 89% of those people live in the same latitudinal zone as most tropical cyclone activity. We calculate that 41% (31 million) of the global population exposed to tropical cyclone flooding live on deltas, with 92% (28 million) in developing or least developed economies. Furthermore, 80% (25 million) live on sediment-starved deltas, which cannot naturally mitigate flooding through sediment deposition. Given that coastal flooding will only worsen, we must reframe this problem as one that will disproportionately impact people on river deltas, particularly in developing and least-developed economies. Coastal river delta regions are particularly impacted by the effects of climate change, yet though these regions are densely inhabited, robust estimates of population are lacking. Here the authors use global datasets to predict the number of people and regions most threatened by flooding and extreme weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Edmonds
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Caldwell
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA.,Chevron Energy Technology Company, Chevron Corporation, 1500 Louisiana St, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - Eduardo S Brondizio
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 701 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.,Center for the Analysis of Social Ecological Landscapes, Indiana University, 701 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Sacha M O Siani
- Center for the Analysis of Social Ecological Landscapes, Indiana University, 701 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.,Department of Geography, Indiana University, 701 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Kalamandeen M, Gloor E, Johnson I, Agard S, Katow M, Vanbrooke A, Ashley D, Batterman SA, Ziv G, Holder‐Collins K, Phillips OL, Brondizio ES, Vieira I, Galbraith D. Limited biomass recovery from gold mining in Amazonian forests. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kalamandeen
- School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Living with Lakes Centre Laurentian University Sudbury ON Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Ashley
- School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook NY USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Ancon Panama
| | - Guy Ziv
- School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | | | | | | | - Ima Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Belém Brazil
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Reyes-García V, Fernández-Llamazares Á, McElwee P, Molnár Z, Öllerer K, Wilson SJ, Brondizio ES. The contributions of Indigenous Peoples and local communities to ecological restoration. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reyes-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA); Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Global Change and Conservation (GCC), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Pamela McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick, NJ U.S.A
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research; GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group; 8237, Tihany Hungary
| | - Kinga Öllerer
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research; GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group; 8237, Tihany Hungary
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy; 060031, Bucharest Romania
| | - Sarah J. Wilson
- PARTNERS Reforestation Network; University of Connecticut; Mansfield, CT U.S.A
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Kohler F, Brondizio ES. Considering the needs of indigenous and local populations in conservation programs. Conserv Biol 2017; 31:245-251. [PMID: 27717009 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Local rural and indigenous communities have assumed increasing responsibility for conservation within and between areas buffering the impacts of agricultural or resource-extraction zones and protected areas. Empowering local communities as central partners in conservation and climate-change mitigation has allowed many people to gain access to land and citizenship rights but has provided limited improvements in access to social services and economic opportunities even as expectation about their role as environmental stewards grows. These expectations, however, are inconsistent with reality. We conducted multiple field studies in Brazil since the mid-1980s to illustrate the discrepancies between conservation programs and local conditions and expectations. We suggest that public policies and conservation programs should not delegate responsibility for managing protected areas to local and indigenous communities without considering local needs and expectations and locals' attitudes toward conservation. In other words, behavior that maintains or improves the environment should not be treated as traditional based on the expectations of outsiders. Framing local populations as traditional environmentalists creates contradictions and frustrations for local populations and for conservation professionals and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Kohler
- Centre de Recherche et Documentation sur les Amériques, - UMR 7227 - CNRS/Université Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle, 28 rue Saint Guillaume, 75007, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo S Brondizio
- Anthropology Department, Student Building 130, 701 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405-7100, U.S.A
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo S Brondizio
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes, and Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. Institut des Ameriques, 92170 Vanves, France.
| | - Francois-Michel Le Tourneau
- Center for Research and Documentation on the Americas, Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle University and CNRS, 75007 Paris, France. Institut des Ameriques, 92170 Vanves, France
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12
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Tengö M, Brondizio ES, Elmqvist T, Malmer P, Spierenburg M. Connecting diverse knowledge systems for enhanced ecosystem governance: the multiple evidence base approach. Ambio 2014; 43:579-91. [PMID: 24659474 PMCID: PMC4132468 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous and local knowledge systems as well as practitioners' knowledge can provide valid and useful knowledge to enhance our understanding of governance of biodiversity and ecosystems for human well-being. There is, therefore, a great need within emerging global assessment programs, such as the IPBES and other international efforts, to develop functioning mechanisms for legitimate, transparent, and constructive ways of creating synergies across knowledge systems. We present the multiple evidence base (MEB) as an approach that proposes parallels whereby indigenous, local and scientific knowledge systems are viewed to generate different manifestations of knowledge, which can generate new insights and innovations through complementarities. MEB emphasizes that evaluation of knowledge occurs primarily within rather than across knowledge systems. MEB on a particular issue creates an enriched picture of understanding, for triangulation and joint assessment of knowledge, and a starting point for further knowledge generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tengö
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo S. Brondizio
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Student Building 130, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Thomas Elmqvist
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Malmer
- The Resilience and Development Programme – SwedBio, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marja Spierenburg
- Department of Organization Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Siqueira AD, Brondizio ES. Local food preference and global markets. Perspectives on açai fruit as terroir and a Geographic Indicator product. Appetite 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.11.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ludewigs T, Brondizio ES. Paths of Diversification: Land use, livelihood strategies and social learning along the aging of a land reform settlement in Acre, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.18542/amazonica.v1i2.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Este artigo explora a história de colonos que enfrentam os desafos de fronteiras agrícolas em expansão, e de como estes desafos se refetem nas escolhas de uso da terra e nas estratégias econômicas que se desdobram ao longo da vida dos assentamentos. A área de estudo é um projeto de reforma agrária no Estado do Acre, Brasil. Os resultados indicam que a maior parte das famílias busca a diversifcação das estratégias de sustento, e se aproveitam de novas oportunidades como forma de se proteger contra incertezas relacionadas à renda familiar comuns às regiões de fronteiras agrícolas. Tal como em outras partes da Amazônia, a pecuária é a atividade mais importante para assegurar a renda familiar, mas atividades complementares como sistemas groforestais e criação de peixes são fundamentais para a melhoria e a segurança das condições econômicas. Palavras-chave: uso da terra, Acre, Amazonia.
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Abstract
This paper argues for a twofold perspective on human adaptation to climate change in the Amazon. First, we need to understand the processes that mediate perceptions of environmental change and the behavioural responses at the levels of the individual and the local population. Second, we should take into account the process of production and dissemination of global and national climate information and models to regional and local populations, especially small farmers. We discuss the sociocultural and environmental diversity of small farmers in the Amazon and their susceptibility to climate change associated with drought, flooding and accidental fire. Using survey, ethnographic and archival data from study areas in the state of Pará, we discuss farmers' sources of knowledge and long-term memory of climatic events, drought and accidental fire; their sources of climate information; their responses to drought and fire events and the impact of changing rainfall patterns on land use. We highlight the challenges of adaptation to climate change created by the influence of migration and family turnover on collective action and memory, the mismatch of scales used to monitor and disseminate climate data and the lack of extension services to translate large-scale forecasts to local needs. We found that for most farmers, memories of extended drought tend to decrease significantly after 3 years. Over 50% of the farmers interviewed in 2002 did not remember as significant the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drought of 1997/1998. This helps explain why approximately 40% of the farmers have not changed their land-use behaviours in the face of the strongest ENSO event of the twentieth century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo S Brondizio
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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Brondizio ES. Agriculture Intensification, Economic Identity, and Shared Invisibility in Amazonian Peasantry: Caboclos and Colonists in Comparative Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1525/cag.2004.26.1-2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Brondizio ES. Revisiting Amazonia circa 1492. Science 2003; 302:2067-70; author reply 2067-70. [PMID: 14699643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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