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Waldrop SW, Niemiec S, Wood C, Gyllenhammer LE, Jansson T, Friedman JE, Tryggestad JB, Borengasser SJ, Davidson EJ, Yang IV, Kechris K, Dabelea D, Boyle KE. Cord blood DNA methylation of immune and lipid metabolism genes is associated with maternal triglycerides and child adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:187-199. [PMID: 37869908 PMCID: PMC10872762 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal exposures may impact offspring epigenetic signatures and adiposity. The authors hypothesized that maternal metabolic traits associate with cord blood DNA methylation, which, in turn, associates with child adiposity. METHODS Fasting serum was obtained in 588 pregnant women (27-34 weeks' gestation), and insulin, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were measured. Cord blood DNA methylation and child adiposity were measured at birth, 4-6 months, and 4-6 years. The association of maternal metabolic traits with DNA methylation (429,246 CpGs) for differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) was tested. The association of the first principal component of each DMR with child adiposity was tested, and mediation analysis was performed. RESULTS Maternal triglycerides were associated with the most DMPs and DMRs of all traits tested (261 and 198, respectively, false discovery rate < 0.05). DMRs were near genes involved in immune function and lipid metabolism. Triglyceride-associated CpGs were associated with child adiposity at 4-6 months (32 CpGs) and 4-6 years (2 CpGs). One, near CD226, was observed at both timepoints, mediating 10% and 22% of the relationship between maternal triglycerides and child adiposity at 4-6 months and 4-6 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation may play a role in the association of maternal triglycerides and child adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Waldrop
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Sierra Niemiec
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Cheyret Wood
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Lauren E. Gyllenhammer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jeanie B. Tryggestad
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
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2
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Bulka CM, Everson TM, Burt AA, Marsit CJ, Karagas MR, Boyle KE, Niemiec S, Kechris K, Davidson EJ, Yang IV, Feinberg JI, Volk HE, Ladd-Acosta C, Breton CV, O’Shea TM, Fry RC. Sex-based differences in placental DNA methylation profiles related to gestational age: an NIH ECHO meta-analysis. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2179726. [PMID: 36840948 PMCID: PMC9980626 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2179726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta undergoes many changes throughout gestation to support the evolving needs of the foetus. There is also a growing appreciation that male and female foetuses develop differently in utero, with unique epigenetic changes in placental tissue. Here, we report meta-analysed sex-specific associations between gestational age and placental DNA methylation from four cohorts in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Programme (355 females/419 males, gestational ages 23-42 weeks). We identified 407 cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) in females and 794 in males where placental methylation levels were associated with gestational age. After cell-type adjustment, 55 CpGs in females and 826 in males were significant. These were enriched for biological processes critical to the immune system in females and transmembrane transport in males. Our findings are distinct between the sexes: in females, associations with gestational age are largely explained by differences in placental cellular composition, whereas in males, gestational age is directly associated with numerous alterations in methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Bulka
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Todd M. Everson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amber A. Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sierra Niemiec
- Colorado School of Public Health, The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Colorado School of Public Health, The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Ivana V. Yang
- Colorado School of Public Health, The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason I. Feinberg
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, ML, USA
| | - Heather E. Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, ML, USA
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, ML, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Morgan JM, Aceto H, Manzi T, Davidson EJ. Incidence and risk factors for complications associated with equine general anaesthesia for elective magnetic resonance imaging. Equine Vet J 2023. [PMID: 37935450 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complications are a practical consideration for elective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed under general anaesthesia but relatively little is known about their distribution and risk factors. OBJECTIVES To describe the incidence of complications associated with MRI performed under general anaesthesia at a large referral facility and evaluate potential risk factors for these complications. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. METHODS Patient information and details of the MRI procedure were collected retrospectively from medical records of all horses that had undergone an MRI under general anaesthesia at the University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, between September 2005 and April 2012. Complications and categorical variables were examined by chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate. A mixed-effects logistic regression approach was used to evaluate associations between explanatory variables and the outcome variable (complications or pyrexia). A univariable screen was used to select variables (likelihood ratio test p < 0.2) for inclusion in the multivariable analysis. Statistical significance was inferred when p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Complications were noted after MRI in 51 (17.4%) of 293 events eligible for inclusion. Complications included pyrexia (n = 35), pneumonia (n = 14), colic (n = 10), facial/nerve paralysis (n = 6), diarrhoea (n = 4), and other (n = 3). The odds of developing a post-anaesthetic complication were significantly decreased in horses that received peri-anaesthetic antimicrobials (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.14-0.63, p = 0.002). Increased age (OR 0.87, 95% CI, 0.76-0.99, p = 0.03) and peri-anaesthetic antimicrobial administration (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08-0.65, p = 0.005) were associated with a decreased odds of developing pyrexia. MAIN LIMITATIONS Single centre retrospective design. CONCLUSIONS Potential complications including pyrexia, pneumonia and colic should be recognised when pursuing MRI under general anaesthesia. The administration of peri-anaesthetic antimicrobials decreased the odds of a complication and warrants consideration, particularly in horses that might be classified as high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Morgan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Helen Aceto
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy Manzi
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Brown KA, Davidson EJ, Johnson AL, Stefanovski D, Wulster KB, Ortved K. Interobserver agreement of lateral and oblique radiography and standing cone beam CT of the caudal cervical articular process joints of horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023. [PMID: 36994690 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Caudal cervical articular process joint osteoarthritis (CAPJ OA) leads to career-altering clinical signs in the horse. Oblique radiographs and standing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) facilitate the assessment of this area, however, the variability of interpretation of these images is currently unknown. This retrospective, secondary analysis, methods comparison study investigated interobserver agreement between clinicians and modality in grades of CAPJ OA on lateral and oblique radiographs and CBCT. We hypothesized that agreement between clinicians' grades of CAPJ OA would be lowest for oblique radiographs and highest for CBCT, and agreement between grades of CAPJ OA would be low for all pairs of modalities. Horses underwent lateral and oblique radiography and CBCT of the CAPJs of C5-C6 and C6-C7. Radiographs and CBCT images were graded retrospectively by four blinded clinicians using 3-point scales. Cohen's kappa analysis was used to evaluate interobserver agreement between grades of CAPJ OA, and agreement between grades of CAPJ OA between different modalities was explored using kappa-weighted analysis. Agreement between clinicians' grades of CAPJ OA was moderate for lateral radiographs (0.49), and fair for oblique radiographs (0.23) and CBCT (0.36). For all modalities, agreement was slight to fair between clinicians for CAPJs with grade 1 (normal, 0.21-0.32) or 2 (mild, 0.13-0.36) CAPJ OA, and moderate to substantial for grade 3 (moderate to severe, 0.45-0.77) CAPJ OA. Agreement between grades of CAPJ OA was fair for all pairs of modalities. This study provides important information regarding the inconsistency of interpretation of mild CAPJ OA on radiographs and CBCT amongst clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Brown
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy L Johnson
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathryn B Wulster
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyla Ortved
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Li L, Konigsberg IR, Bhargava M, Liu S, MacPhail K, Mayer A, Davidson EJ, Liao SY, Lei Z, Mroz PM, Fingerlin TE, Yang IV, Maier LA. Multiomic Signatures of Chronic Beryllium Disease Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Relate to T-Cell Function and Innate Immunity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:632-640. [PMID: 35972918 PMCID: PMC9743181 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0077oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a Th1 granulomatous lung disease preceded by sensitization to beryllium (BeS). We profiled the methylome, transcriptome, and selected proteins in the lung to identify molecular signatures and networks associated with BeS and CBD. BAL cell DNA and RNA were profiled using microarrays from CBD (n = 30), BeS (n = 30), and control subjects (n = 12). BAL fluid proteins were measured using Olink Immune Response Panel proteins from CBD (n = 22) and BeS (n = 22) subjects. Linear models identified features associated with CBD, adjusting for covariation and batch effects. Multiomic integration methods identified correlated features between datasets. We identified 1,546 differentially expressed genes in CBD versus control subjects and 204 in CBD versus BeS. Of the 101 shared transcripts, 24 have significant cis relationships between gene expression and DNA methylation, assessed using expression quantitative trait methylation analysis, including genes not previously identified in CBD. A multiomic model of top DNA methylation and gene expression features demonstrated that the first component separated CBD from other samples and the second component separated control subjects from remaining samples. The top features on component one were enriched for T-lymphocyte function, and the top features on component two were enriched for innate immune signaling. We identified six differentially abundant proteins in CBD versus BeS, with two (SIT1 and SH2D1A) selected as important RNA features in the multiomic model. Our integrated analysis of DNA methylation, gene expression, and proteins in the lung identified multiomic signatures of CBD that differentiated it from BeS and control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences
| | - Iain R. Konigsberg
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Maneesh Bhargava
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sucai Liu
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kristyn MacPhail
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Annyce Mayer
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Elizabeth J. Davidson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Shu-Yi Liao
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Zhe Lei
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Peggy M. Mroz
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Tasha E. Fingerlin
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Ivana V. Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Lisa A. Maier
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
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6
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Hojlo MA, Milliken AL, Baumer NT, Davidson EJ. DSFit: a feasibility pilot study of a group exercise programme for adolescents with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2022; 66:952-966. [PMID: 36167427 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While past research has underscored the benefits of physical activity for people with Down syndrome (DS), exercise programming that is customised to and/or accessible for children and adolescents with DS is limited. The objectives of this pilot were to (1) develop and refine an engaging exercise programme for adolescents with DS, called DSFit; (2) assess feasibility over the course of two pilot iterations; and (3) examine participant and parent feedback regarding exercise priorities and the DSFit exercise programme. METHOD Participants were 12 unique adolescents (ages 11-17 years) with DS. Both pilot iterations of the programme consisted of weekly group exercise sessions and home exercises to complete between sessions. Physical fitness and mood/behaviour were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Parent and child goal-setting and feedback surveys were collected before and immediately after the intervention, and a 2-month follow-up assessed physical activity and exercise attitudes. Quality improvement methodology and participant/parent feedback were used to modify the second iteration to better meet the needs of our study population. Changes included an expanded age range, modified physical assessments, decreased burden of questionnaires, and video-recorded group sessions for at-home practice. RESULTS Physical fitness evaluation of core/trunk strength and stability, lower- and upper-body strength, balance, flexibility, and walking was feasible, and the majority of participants in both pilot iterations improved in at least one category of physical assessment between baseline and end of intervention. Assessment of symptoms of anxiety, depression and behavioural concerns was also feasible and results showed slight improvements in some participants. Both parent and participant feedback indicated that participants enjoyed the programme and appreciated the opportunity to start developing sustainable exercise habits. CONCLUSIONS A group exercise programme with supported at-home components is feasible for adolescents with DS. Future iterations will continue to examine programme efficacy with improved fitness testing and larger sample sizes. Strategies to increase at-home compliance, such as virtual sessions and parent/guardian-guided physical fitness assessments, will also be incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hojlo
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A L Milliken
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N T Baumer
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E J Davidson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Complex Care Service, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Venter C, Palumbo MP, Sauder KA, Glueck DH, O'Mahony L, Yang I, Davidson EJ, Brough HA, Holloway JW, Fleischer DM, Ben-Abdallah M, Dabelea D. Associations between child filaggrin mutations and maternal diet with the development of allergic diseases in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13753. [PMID: 35338739 PMCID: PMC9621095 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filaggrin (FLG) loss-of-function mutations in children and maternal diet in pregnancy have been implicated in child allergy outcomes. This paper studies the questions: "do FLG mutations modify the effect of maternal diet on the odds of development of allergic diseases?" and "which factor leads to the highest rate of diagnosis allergic diseases over time, maternal diet, or FLG mutations?". METHODS Exact logistic regressions studied effect modification. Cox proportional hazard models compared the rate of allergic disease development in three groups (N = 624): (1) children with FLG mutation, (2) children without FLG mutation whose mothers did not eat an allergy preventive diet, and (3) children without FLG mutation whose mothers ate an allergy preventive diet. Maternal diet was classified using a validated index. RESULTS Cox models showed the development of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and wheeze was significantly higher for children in group 1 versus 3 (HR = 2.40 [1.32, 4.37], HR = 2.29 [1.05, 4.97], and HR 2.10 [1.004, 4.38], respectively), but not significantly higher for children in group 1 versus 2 (HR = 1.30 [0.74, 2.29], HR = 1.27 [0.61, 2.63], and HR = 1.29 [0.65, 2.58], respectively). Development of allergic rhinitis was significantly higher for group 1 versus 2 and 3 (1 vs. 2: HR = 2.29 [1.10, 4.76]; 1 vs. 3: HR = 3.21 [1.46, 7.08]). There was no significant effect modification for any outcome. CONCLUSION Children with FLG mutation had similar risk of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and wheeze as children without an FLG mutation whose mothers did not eat an allergy preventive diet during pregnancy. Child FLG mutation did not modify the effect of maternal diet. The results suggest that maternal diet in pregnancy, a modifiable risk factor, could be a target for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michaela P Palumbo
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katherine A Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Deborah H Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivana Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Helen A Brough
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Department Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Paediatric Allergy Group, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St, Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John W Holloway
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David M Fleischer
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Miriam Ben-Abdallah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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8
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Abhari K, Davidson EJ, Xiao B. Inventing Together: The Role of Actor Goals and Platform Affordances in Open Innovation Data-Centric Knowing. J ASSOC INF SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
With the ubiquity of the internet and social media platforms, open innovation (OI) opportunities now extend to individuals with creative ideas and interests in innovation. Understanding why individuals are willing to engage in open innovation and how their diverse goals affect their participation is important for assessing the viability of various OI models and to inform platform design. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that examines the impact of three categories of human goals extrinsic, intrinsic, and internalized extrinsic on actors continuous intentions to participate in three general categories of open innovation behaviors: ideation, collaboration, and socialization. The model also considers how perceived platform participation affordances mediate the influence of goals on these innovation behaviors. We validate this goals-affordances-behavior model via a field survey of participants on a social product development (SPD) platform. By theorizing and empirically examining how goals influence participation in the SPD context, our study advances knowledge about open innovation behaviors, provides a foundation for future research across various OI models, and highlights practical insights for OI platform design.
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9
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Cooper HE, Davidson EJ, Slack J, Ortved KF. Treatment and outcome of eight horses with limb cellulitis and septic tendonitis or desmitis. Vet Surg 2021; 50:1542-1552. [PMID: 34270112 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical features, treatment, and outcome in horses with cellulitis and concurrent septic tendonitis and/or desmitis. STUDY DESIGN Short case series. METHODS Medical records from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed, identifying horses with cellulitis and concurrent septic tendonitis and/or desmitis based on sonographic examination and positive bacterial culture. Signalment, ultrasonographic results, bacterial culture, treatment, duration of hospitalization, and complications were recorded. Long-term outcome data were obtained from follow-up examinations and/or telephone interviews. Successful outcome was defined as return to intended use. RESULTS Eight horses met the inclusion criteria. All infections occurred in hindlimbs, with septic suspensory ligament in six of eight horses, and septic superficial digital flexor tendon in one of eight horses. Surgical debridement was performed in six of eight horses. All horses were treated with systemic and regional intravenous antimicrobials and were discharged from the hospital. Long-term follow-up was available in seven of eight horses. Of these, four horses returned to their intended athletic function, two horses returned to their intended function as a broodmare or pasture pet, and one horse is still rehabilitating. CONCLUSION Septic tendonitis or desmitis is a rare but possible sequela of limb cellulitis. Based on the findings in this study, prognosis for return to athletic function is fair to good for horses diagnosed with cellulitis and concurrent septic tendonitis or desmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Cooper
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joann Slack
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyla F Ortved
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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Castillo-Castrejon M, Yang IV, Davidson EJ, Borengasser SJ, Jambal P, Westcott J, Kemp JF, Garces A, Ali SA, Saleem S, Goldenberg RL, Figueroa L, Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Powell TL. Preconceptional Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplementation in 2 Low-Resource Countries Results in Distinctly Different IGF-1/mTOR Placental Responses. J Nutr 2021; 151:556-569. [PMID: 33382407 PMCID: PMC7948206 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preconceptional maternal small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation (SQLNS) improved intrauterine linear growth in low-resource countries as demonstrated by the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial (WF). Fetal growth is dependent on nutrient availability and regulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) through changes in placental transfer capacity, mediated by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to evaluate the role of placental mTOR and IGF-1 signaling on fetal growth in women from 2 low-resource countries with high rates of stunting after they received preconceptional SQLNS. METHODS We studied 48 women from preconception through delivery who were from Guatemala and Pakistan and received SQLNS or not, as part of the WF study. Placental samples were obtained at delivery (control, n = 24; SQLNS, n = 24). Placental protein or mRNA expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor binding protein-1 (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKA), IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), and pregnancy associated plasma protein (PAPP)-A, and DNA methylation of the IGF1 promoter were determined. Maternal serum IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5, PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, and zinc were measured. RESULTS Mean ± SEM maternal prepregnancy BMI differed between participants in Guatemala (26.5 ± 1.3) and Pakistan (19.8 ± 0.7) (P < 0.001). In Pakistani participants, SQLNS increased the placental rpS6(T37/46):rpS6 ratio (1.5-fold) and decreased the AMPKA(T172):AMPKA ratio. Placental IGF1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with birth length and birth weight z-scores. Placental PAPP-A (30-fold) and maternal serum zinc (1.2-fold) increased with SQLNS. In Guatemalan participants SQLNS did not influence placental mTOR signaling. Placental IGF-1R protein expression was positively associated with birth length and birth weight z-scores. SQLNS increased placental PAPP-A (40-fold) and maternal serum IGFBP-4 (1.6-fold). CONCLUSIONS In Pakistani pregnant women with poor nutritional status, preconceptional SQLNS activated placental mTOR and IGF-1 signaling and was associated with improved fetal growth. In contrast, in Guatemalan women SQLNS did not activate placental nutrient-sensing pathways. In populations experiencing childhood stunting, preconceptional SQLNS improves placental function and fetal growth only in the context of poor maternal nutrition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01883193.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah J Borengasser
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Purevsuren Jambal
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jamie Westcott
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer F Kemp
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ana Garces
- Maternal and Infant Health Center, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Sumera A Ali
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Saleem
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Robert L Goldenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lester Figueroa
- Maternal and Infant Health Center, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - K Michael Hambidge
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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11
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Higa C, Davidson EJ, Loos JR. Integrating family and friend support, information technology, and diabetes education in community-centric diabetes self-management. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 28:261-275. [PMID: 33164074 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes self-management (DSM) education, social support, and information technology interventions can improve patient engagement and health. A major challenge is animating, integrating, and accessing resources in under-resourced, rural communities. Set in an island community in Hawai'i, this study piloted a program that integrated friend-and-family support, community health services, telehealth-enabled DSM education, and mobile technologies by activating the community's social capital to support the program. MATERIALS AND METHODS An action research approach informed the design and implementation of a community-based DSM program that included: friends and family support, telehealth classes, personalized consultations, Bluetooth-enabled blood glucose monitors, and text messaging support. Outcomes were evaluated using biometric data, surveys, interviews, and participant observations. RESULTS The study spanned 9 months with 7 dyads, each with 1 individual with type 2 diabetes and a friend or family member. Six of the 7 participants with diabetes experienced reduced hemoglobin A1c percentages, with 3 reducing by more than 1%. The seventh participant maintained a hemoglobin A1c level within American Diabetes Association recommended ranges. DSM knowledge and self-care behaviors improved overall. Interviews and participant observations highlighted program strengths and social challenges associated with the interpersonal relationships between the members of the dyads. CONCLUSIONS A community-centric diabetes program can enhance understanding of diabetes etiology, DSM activities, and communication skills for effective disease management support in under-resourced rural communities. Social capital among community members, leveraged with health information technology, can catalyze and integrate limited health system resources for DSM and social support as a cost-effective strategy to develop community-centric chronic healthcare management initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Higa
- Social Science Research Institute, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Shidler School of Business, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Joanne R Loos
- School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
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12
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Brown KA, Davidson EJ, Johnson AL, Wulster KB, Ortved K. Inflammatory cytokines in horses with cervical articular process joint osteoarthritis on standing cone beam computed tomography. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:944-954. [PMID: 33222300 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standing cone beam computed tomography (CT) provides cross-sectional imaging of the caudal cervical articular process joints (CAPJs) in the sedated horse, though the clinical implications of osteoarthritis (OA) identified on CT in this location are unknown. Increases in concentrations of intra-synovial cytokines could lend support to the clinical significance of CAPJ OA identified on this imaging modality. OBJECTIVES Investigate the presence and concentration of intra-synovial inflammatory cytokines in CAPJs with and without standing cone beam CT evidence of OA using an equine specific multiplex assay. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. METHODS Standing cone beam CT of C5-6 and C6-7 was performed on horses with CAPJ OA and control horses. Synovial fluid samples of the CAPJs of C5-6 and C6-7 were obtained bilaterally using ultrasound guidance and analysed for concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TNFα with the Milliplex® multi-analyte profiling kit. CT Images were retrospectively graded using a novel grading scheme. Significant differences between concentrations of inflammatory cytokines between joints with different categories of osteoarthritis severity were explored using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Concentrations of intra-synovial cytokines were higher in joints with moderate to severe OA when compared to joints with no or mild OA, with differences in concentrations of IL-17 reaching statistical significance (P = .007). MAIN LIMITATIONS Limitations include discrepancy in number, age, and breed between control and OA populations, use of a novel grading scheme, and lack of a histologic gold-standard to confirm the presence and severity of CAPJ OA. CONCLUSIONS Differences in inflammatory cytokines between caudal CAPJs with and without evidence of moderate to severe osteoarthritis on standing cone beam CT exist. This finding lends support to the clinical relevance of a diagnosis of moderate to severe CAPJ OA in the caudal cervical vertebral column as identified with this imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Brown
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Amy L Johnson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn B Wulster
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Kyla Ortved
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
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13
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Reef VB, Davidson EJ, Slack J, Stefanovski D. Hypercapnia and hyperlactatemia were positively associated with higher-grade arrhythmias during peak exercise in horses during poor performance evaluation on a high-speed treadmill. Vet J 2020; 266:105572. [PMID: 33323171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are common in horses during exercise, especially immediately post-exercise. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe the frequency and type of cardiac arrhythmias detected in horses during incremental high-speed treadmill exercise testing (ITET); (2) determine if arterial blood gas (ABG) changes at peak and immediately post-exercise were associated with arrhythmias; and (3) determine whether upper or lower airway disease was associated with exercising cardiac arrhythmias. Horses (n = 368) presenting for an ITET underwent resting and exercising upper airway endoscopy, resting, exercising and post-exercise electrocardiography, resting and post-exercise echocardiography and exercising ABG. Arrhythmias were graded by the most severe arrhythmia present. Grade 1 arrhythmias were defined as one or two atrial (APCs) or ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), or one APC and one VPC, detected in 6.9% at peak and 16% at 0-2 min post exercise.. Grade 2 arrhythmias were >2 APCs or VPCs, or both, detected in 5.8% at peak and 16.6% at 0-2 min post exercise. Grade 3 included complex arrhythmias (couplets, triplets, R on T, multiform complexes or paroxysmal atrial or ventricular tachycardia), detected in 4.4% at peak and 7.3% at 0-2 min post exercise. Both partial pressure of arterial CO2 (PaCO2; P = 0.008) and lactate (P = 0.031) were significantly associated with arrhythmias occurring at peak exercise, but not immediately post-exercise. As PaCO2 and lactate increased, arrhythmia severity increased. Blood pH was significantly associated with grades 2 and 3 arrhythmias at 0-2 min post ITET (OR = 0.0002; P < 0.001). There was no significant association between grades 2 and 3 cardiac arrhythmias, inflammatory airway disease (IAD), or exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). When adjusted for lactate concentration (P = 0.06), higher PaCO2 concentrations in horses with and without exercising upper respiratory tract (URT) obstruction were associated with higher likelihood of grades 2 and 3 arrhythmias (P < 0.01). This study demonstrated that at peak exercise, with severe hypercapnia and hyperlactatemia, there was increased risk for grades 2 or 3 cardiac arrhythmias and, as the PaCO2 and lactate values increased further, the severity of those arrhythmias increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Reef
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Rd., Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
| | - E J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Rd., Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - J Slack
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Rd., Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - D Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Rd., Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
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14
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Morgan JM, Ross MW, Levine DG, Stefanovski D, You Y, Robinson MA, Davidson EJ. Effects of acepromazine and xylazine on subjective and objective assessments of forelimb lameness. Equine Vet J 2020; 52:593-600. [PMID: 31863505 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To facilitate lameness evaluation, sedatives such as xylazine and acepromazine are regularly used in the clinical setting, despite concerns that they may confound lameness assessment. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the effect of low doses of acepromazine and xylazine on subjective and objective lameness assessment. STUDY DESIGN Randomised, blinded, crossover study. METHODS Six horses with experimentally induced solar pain were evaluated over a 1-hour period after treatment with intravenous xylazine (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg), intravenous acepromazine (0.02 or 0.04 mg/kg), intravenous saline (1 mL) or local analgesia (4 mL 2% mepivacaine administered subcutaneously). Lameness was assessed objectively with inertial sensors and subjectively on a scale from 0 to 5. Lameness assessments were compared with logistic regression analysis to account for the repeated measures and cross-over study design (P < .05). RESULTS Xylazine (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) or acepromazine (0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg) did not result in significant differences in objective lameness assessment (vector sum) or average subjective lameness grade. Local analgesia was associated with a decrease in subjective lameness grade (OR 0.32 [0.11-0.92], P = .03). Objective measures of lameness (vector sum) were significantly decreased 45 minutes (vector sum 41.8, P = .04) and 60 minutes (vector sum 47.3, P = .03) following local analgesia administration compared with baseline (vector sum 121.4). MAIN LIMITATIONS Extrapolation of the experimental model of moderate lameness used in this study to broad range of clinical lameness situations should be performed carefully. CONCLUSIONS These results support the use of low doses of xylazine or acepromazine to facilitate forelimb lameness evaluation up to 1 hour in duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Morgan
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael W Ross
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David G Levine
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Youwen You
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology and Research Laboratory, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary A Robinson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology and Research Laboratory, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Brown KA, Davidson EJ, Ortved K, Ross MW, Stefanovski D, Wulster KB, Levine DG. Long-term outcome and effect of diagnostic analgesia in horses undergoing interspinous ligament desmotomy for overriding dorsal spinous processes. Vet Surg 2020; 49:590-599. [PMID: 31916622 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the long-term outcome of horses treated with interspinous ligament desmotomy (ISLD) for pain associated with overriding dorsal spinous processes (ORDSP) and determine the influence of preoperative diagnostic analgesia on long-term outcome. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Eighteen horses. METHODS Data were collected from horses presenting for ISLD to the University of Pennsylvania New Bolton Center between January 2013 and May 2018. Follow-up of ≥3 months postsurgically was obtained from the owner, trainer, or referring veterinarian. Long-term improvement was compared between horses that improved with diagnostic analgesia presurgically and horses that did not undergo diagnostic analgesia presurgically by using a χ2 test. Univariate logistic regression was used to test associations between long-term improvement and independent variables. RESULTS Clinical signs had improved in 13 of 18 horses at long-term follow-up (median, 14.5 months; range, 3-57). Clinical signs improved in nine of 10 horses responding to diagnostic analgesia but only in four of eight horses that did not undergo diagnostic analgesia (χ2 [1], N = 18) = 3.55; P = .06). Although the likelihood of long-term improvement increased with prior diagnostic analgesia (odds ratio = 6.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.73, 55.0; P = .09), it did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION A higher proportion of horses experienced long-term improvement in clinical signs after ISLD when horses responding to preoperative diagnostic analgesia were compared with horses that were not tested. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides some evidence to support the use of diagnostic analgesia in conjunction with clinical examination for identification of clinically relevant ORDSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Brown
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyla Ortved
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael W Ross
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | | | - David G Levine
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
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16
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Yang IV, Konigsberg I, MacPhail K, Li L, Davidson EJ, Mroz PM, Hamzeh N, Gillespie M, Silveira LJ, Fingerlin TE, Maier LA. DNA Methylation Changes in Lung Immune Cells Are Associated with Granulomatous Lung Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:96-105. [PMID: 30141971 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0177oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic marks are likely to explain variability of response to antigen in granulomatous lung disease. The objective of this study was to identify DNA methylation and gene expression changes associated with chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and sarcoidosis in lung cells obtained by BAL. BAL cells from CBD (n = 8), beryllium-sensitized (n = 8), sarcoidosis (n = 8), and additional progressive sarcoidosis (n = 9) and remitting (n = 15) sarcoidosis were profiled on the Illumina 450k methylation and Affymetrix/Agilent gene expression microarrays. Statistical analyses were performed to identify DNA methylation and gene expression changes associated with CBD, sarcoidosis, and disease progression in sarcoidosis. DNA methylation array findings were validated by pyrosequencing. We identified 52,860 significant (P < 0.005 and q < 0.05) CpGs associated with CBD; 2,726 CpGs near 1,944 unique genes have greater than 25% methylation change. A total of 69% of differentially methylated genes are significantly (q < 0.05) differentially expressed in CBD, with many canonical inverse relationships of methylation and expression in genes critical to T-helper cell type 1 differentiation, chemokines and their receptors, and other genes involved in immunity. Testing of these CBD-associated CpGs in sarcoidosis reveals that methylation changes only approach significance, but are methylated in the same direction, suggesting similarities between the two diseases with more heterogeneity in sarcoidosis that limits power with the current sample size. Analysis of progressive versus remitting sarcoidosis identified 15,215 CpGs (P < 0.005 and q < 0.05), but only 801 of them have greater than 5% methylation change, demonstrating that DNA methylation marks of disease progression changes are more subtle. Our study highlights the significance of epigenetic marks in lung immune response in granulomatous lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana V Yang
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado.,3 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health
| | - Iain Konigsberg
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Li Li
- 4 Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | | | | | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,3 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health.,5 Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and.,6 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and
| | - Lisa A Maier
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,4 Department of Medicine, and.,7 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
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17
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Davidson EJ. A Reflection on “Information Systems Research: Thinking Outside the Basket and Beyond the Journal”. CAIS 2019. [DOI: 10.17705/1cais.04511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
Lameness examination is commonly performed in the athletic horse. A skilled lameness diagnostician must have keen clinical and observational skills. Evaluation starts with a detailed history and thorough physical examination. Next, gait evaluation in the moving horse is performed. Lame horses have asymmetrical body movement due to unconscious shift of body weight. Recognition of the resultant head nod and pelvic hike is the basis for lameness diagnosis. Lameness identification is enhanced by circling, limb flexions, and riding. Most lame horses do not exhibit pathognomonic gait characteristics, and therefore, diagnostic analgesia is the best way to authenticate underlying sites of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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19
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Yang IV, Zhang W, Davidson EJ, Fingerlin TE, Kechris K, Dabelea D. Epigenetic marks of in utero exposure to gestational diabetes and childhood adiposity outcomes: the EPOCH study. Diabet Med 2018; 35:612-620. [PMID: 29461653 PMCID: PMC5991099 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify gestational diabetes mellitus exposure-associated DNA methylation changes and assess whether such changes are also associated with adiposity-related outcomes. METHODS We performed an epigenome-wide association analysis, using Illumina 450k methylation arrays, on whole blood collected, on average, at 10.5 years of age from 81 gestational diabetes-exposed and 81 unexposed offspring enrolled in the EPOCH (Exploring Perinatal Outcomes in Children) study, and on the cord blood of 31 gestational diabetes-exposed and 64 unexposed offspring enrolled in the Colorado Healthy Start cohort. Validation was performed by pyrosequencing. RESULTS We identified 98 differentially methylated positions associated with gestational diabetes exposure at a false discovery rate of <10% in peripheral blood, with 51 loci remaining significant (plus additional 40 loci) after adjustment for cell proportions. We also identified 2195 differentially methylation regions at a false discovery rate of <5% after adjustment for cell proportions. We prioritized loci for pyrosequencing validation and association analysis with adiposity-related outcomes based on strengths of association and effect size, network and pathway analysis, analysis of cord blood, and previous publications. Methylation in six out of nine (67%) gestational diabetes-associated genes was validated and we also showed that methylation of SH3PXD2A was significantly (P<0.05) associated with multiple adiposity-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that epigenetic marks may provide an important link between in utero exposure to gestational diabetes and obesity in childhood, and add to the growing body of evidence that DNA methylation is affected by gestational diabetes exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Yang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - E J Davidson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - T E Fingerlin
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K Kechris
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - D Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
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20
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Wang M, Yang IV, Davidson EJ, Joetham A, Takeda K, O'Connor BP, Gelfand EW. Forkhead box protein 3 demethylation is associated with tolerance induction in peanut-induced intestinal allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:659-670.e2. [PMID: 28479331 PMCID: PMC5671381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an essential role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis in allergic diseases. OBJECTIVES We sought to define the mechanisms underlying induction of tolerance to peanut protein and prevention of the development of peanut allergy. METHODS High or low doses of peanut extract were administered to pups every day for 2 weeks before peanut sensitization and challenge. After challenge, symptoms, Treg cell numbers, and forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3), TH2 and TH17 cytokine, and Tgfβ expression in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4+ T cells and jejunum were monitored. Treg cell suppressive activity and Foxp3 methylation in MLN CD4+ T cells were assayed. RESULTS Feeding high but not low doses of peanut before sensitization induced tolerance, as demonstrated by prevention of diarrhea and peanut-specific IgE responses, increases in the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells in MLNs, and Foxp3 mRNA and protein expression in CD4+ cells from MLNs or jejunum. Feeding high doses of peanut before sensitization decreased percentages of CD3+CD4+IL-13+ and CD3+CD4+IL-17+ cells in MLNs and decreased Il13 and Il17a and increased Tgfβ mRNA expression in the jejunum; numbers of CD103+ dendritic cells in MLNs were significantly increased. Treg cell suppression was shown to be antigen specific. Foxp3 methylation was increased in peanut extract-sensitized and challenged mice, whereas in tolerized mice levels were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Feeding high doses of peanut to pups induced tolerance to peanut protein. Foxp3 demethylation was associated with tolerance induction, indicating that Treg cells play an important role in the regulation of peanut sensitivity and maintenance of immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo; Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Anthony Joetham
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Brian P O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.
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Chua CEH, Thatcher JB, Niederman F, Chan YE, Davidson EJ. ICIS 2017 Panel Report: Break Your Shackles! Emancipating Information Systems from the Tyranny of Peer Review. CAIS 2018. [DOI: 10.17705/1cais.04325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Yang IV, Richards A, Davidson EJ, Stevens AD, Kolakowski CA, Martin RJ, Schwartz DA. The Nasal Methylome: A Key to Understanding Allergic Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:829-831. [PMID: 28294656 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201608-1558le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana V Yang
- 1 University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado and.,2 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
| | - Adam Richards
- 1 University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado and
| | | | | | | | - Richard J Martin
- 1 University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado and.,2 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
| | - David A Schwartz
- 1 University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado and.,2 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
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Boyle KE, Patinkin ZW, Shapiro ALB, Bader C, Vanderlinden L, Kechris K, Janssen RC, Ford RJ, Smith BK, Steinberg GR, Davidson EJ, Yang IV, Dabelea D, Friedman JE. Maternal obesity alters fatty acid oxidation, AMPK activity, and associated DNA methylation in mesenchymal stem cells from human infants. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1503-1516. [PMID: 29107296 PMCID: PMC5681274 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Infants born to mothers with obesity have greater adiposity, ectopic fat storage, and are at increased risk for childhood obesity and metabolic disease compared with infants of normal weight mothers, though the cellular mechanisms mediating these effects are unclear. Methods We tested the hypothesis that human, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from infants born to obese (Ob-MSC) versus normal weight (NW-MSC) mothers demonstrate altered fatty acid metabolism consistent with adult obesity. In infant MSCs undergoing myogenesis in vitro, we measured cellular lipid metabolism and AMPK activity, AMPK activation in response to cellular nutrient stress, and MSC DNA methylation and mRNA content of genes related to oxidative metabolism. Results We found that Ob-MSCs exhibit greater lipid accumulation, lower fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and dysregulation of AMPK activity when undergoing myogenesis in vitro. Further experiments revealed a clear phenotype distinction within the Ob-MSC group where more severe MSC metabolic perturbation corresponded to greater neonatal adiposity and umbilical cord blood insulin levels. Targeted analysis of DNA methylation array revealed Ob-MSC hypermethylation in genes regulating FAO (PRKAG2, ACC2, CPT1A, SDHC) and corresponding lower mRNA content of these genes. Moreover, MSC methylation was positively correlated with infant adiposity. Conclusions These data suggest that greater infant adiposity is associated with suppressed AMPK activity and reduced lipid oxidation in MSCs from infants born to mothers with obesity and may be an important, early marker of underlying obesity risk. Mesenchymal stem cells from infants of obese mothers have greater lipid content in vitro. This is attributable to lower fatty acid oxidation, not greater fatty acid uptake. AMPK is dysregulated in these cells and corresponds to higher infant adiposity. Epigenetic differences in genes regulating these pathways are observed in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Zachary W Patinkin
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Allison L B Shapiro
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carly Bader
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren Vanderlinden
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca J Ford
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Abstract
This case describes the development of the HealthCare.gov website front-end, systems and databases supporting the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. In late October 2013, US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius and US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Administrator Marilyn Tavenner appear before a Congressional subcommittee to apologize about system glitches. The case gives students an opportunity to consider project risks that affected this huge systems development effort, and to consider how to ensure that millions of uninsured or underinsured Americans would be able to sign up for affordable health insurance.
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Yang IV, Pedersen BS, Liu AH, O'Connor GT, Pillai D, Kattan M, Misiak RT, Gruchalla R, Szefler SJ, Khurana Hershey GK, Kercsmar C, Richards A, Stevens AD, Kolakowski CA, Makhija M, Sorkness CA, Krouse RZ, Visness C, Davidson EJ, Hennessy CE, Martin RJ, Togias A, Busse WW, Schwartz DA. The nasal methylome and childhood atopic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1478-1488. [PMID: 27745942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the strong environmental influence on both epigenetic marks and allergic asthma in children, the epigenetic alterations in respiratory epithelia might provide insight into allergic asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify DNA methylation and gene expression changes associated with childhood allergic persistent asthma. METHODS We compared genomic DNA methylation patterns and gene expression in African American children with persistent atopic asthma (n = 36) versus healthy control subjects (n = 36). Results were validated in an independent population of asthmatic children (n = 30) by using a shared healthy control population (n = 36) and in an independent population of white adult atopic asthmatic patients (n = 12) and control subjects (n = 12). RESULTS We identified 186 genes with significant methylation changes, differentially methylated regions or differentially methylated probes, after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, batch effects, inflation, and multiple comparisons. Genes differentially methylated included those with established roles in asthma and atopy and genes related to extracellular matrix, immunity, cell adhesion, epigenetic regulation, and airflow obstruction. The methylation changes were substantial (median, 9.5%; range, 2.6% to 29.5%). Hypomethylated and hypermethylated genes were associated with increased and decreased gene expression, respectively (P < 2.8 × 10-6 for differentially methylated regions and P < 7.8 × 10-10 for differentially methylated probes). Quantitative analysis in 53 differentially expressed genes demonstrated that 32 (60%) have significant methylation-expression relationships within 5 kb of the gene. Ten loci selected based on the relevance to asthma, magnitude of methylation change, and methylation-expression relationships were validated in an independent cohort of children with atopic asthma. Sixty-seven of 186 genes also have significant asthma-associated methylation changes in nasal epithelia of adult white asthmatic patients. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic marks in respiratory epithelia are associated with allergic asthma and gene expression changes in inner-city children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine and University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo; National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colo.
| | - Brent S Pedersen
- Department of Medicine and University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | | | - George T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Meyer Kattan
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Stanley J Szefler
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | | | | | - Adam Richards
- Department of Medicine and University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | | | | | | | - Christine A Sorkness
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | | | | | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Medicine and University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Corinne E Hennessy
- Department of Medicine and University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | | | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md; and University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - William W Busse
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine and University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo; National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo.
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Abstract
Controlled exercise is a fundamental and critical component of any rehabilitation program for the equine athlete. The ideal controlled exercise program is designed to complement the normal tissue reparative process after injury. As a general rule, the program starts with complete rest followed by stall rest and short periods of walking. Over time, the intensity of the controlled exercise is gradually and systemically increased until complete healing has occurred. A well-designed, injury-directed, controlled exercise program enhances the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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Wang M, Yang I, Davidson EJ, Joetham A, Abbott JK, O'Connor BP, Gelfand EW. Forkhead Box Protein 3 (FoxP3) Demethylation Is Associated with Tolerance Induction in Peanut-Induced Intestinal Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Davidson EJ, Østerlund CS, Flaherty MG. Drift and shift in the organizing vision career for personal health records: An investigation of innovation discourse dynamics. Information and Organization 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infoandorg.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang IV, Pedersen BS, Liu A, O'Connor GT, Teach SJ, Kattan M, Misiak RT, Gruchalla R, Steinbach SF, Szefler SJ, Gill MA, Calatroni A, David G, Hennessy CE, Davidson EJ, Zhang W, Gergen P, Togias A, Busse WW, Schwartz DA. DNA methylation and childhood asthma in the inner city. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:69-80. [PMID: 25769910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic marks are heritable, influenced by the environment, direct the maturation of T lymphocytes, and in mice enhance the development of allergic airway disease. Thus it is important to define epigenetic alterations in asthmatic populations. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that epigenetic alterations in circulating PBMCs are associated with allergic asthma. METHODS We compared DNA methylation patterns and gene expression in inner-city children with persistent atopic asthma versus healthy control subjects by using DNA and RNA from PBMCs. Results were validated in an independent population of asthmatic patients. RESULTS Comparing asthmatic patients (n = 97) with control subjects (n = 97), we identified 81 regions that were differentially methylated. Several immune genes were hypomethylated in asthma, including IL13, RUNX3, and specific genes relevant to T lymphocytes (TIGIT). Among asthmatic patients, 11 differentially methylated regions were associated with higher serum IgE concentrations, and 16 were associated with percent predicted FEV1. Hypomethylated and hypermethylated regions were associated with increased and decreased gene expression, respectively (P < 6 × 10(-12) for asthma and P < .01 for IgE). We further explored the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression using an integrative analysis and identified additional candidates relevant to asthma (IL4 and ST2). Methylation marks involved in T-cell maturation (RUNX3), TH2 immunity (IL4), and oxidative stress (catalase) were validated in an independent asthmatic cohort of children living in the inner city. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that DNA methylation marks in specific gene loci are associated with asthma and suggest that epigenetic changes might play a role in establishing the immune phenotype associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Brent S Pedersen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Andrew Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - George T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Meyer Kattan
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Stanley J Szefler
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Michelle A Gill
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | | | | | - Corinne E Hennessy
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Peter Gergen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - William W Busse
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo.
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Yang I, Liu AH, Pedersen B, O'Connor GT, Teach SJ, Kattan M, Misiak RT, Gruchalla RS, Steinbach SF, Szefler SJ, Gill MA, Calatroni A, David GL, Hennessy CE, Davidson EJ, Zhang W, Gergen PJ, Togias A, Busse WW, Schwartz DA. DNA Methylation and Childhood Asthma in the Inner-City. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang IV, Pedersen BS, Rabinovich E, Hennessy CE, Davidson EJ, Murphy E, Guardela BJ, Tedrow JR, Zhang Y, Singh MK, Correll M, Schwarz MI, Geraci M, Sciurba FC, Quackenbush J, Spira A, Kaminski N, Schwartz DA. Relationship of DNA methylation and gene expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:1263-72. [PMID: 25333685 PMCID: PMC4315819 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1452oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an untreatable and often fatal lung disease that is increasing in prevalence and is caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms control gene expression and are likely to regulate the IPF transcriptome. OBJECTIVES To identify methylation marks that modify gene expression in IPF lung. METHODS We assessed DNA methylation (comprehensive high-throughput arrays for relative methylation arrays [CHARM]) and gene expression (Agilent gene expression arrays) in 94 patients with IPF and 67 control subjects, and performed integrative genomic analyses to define methylation-gene expression relationships in IPF lung. We validated methylation changes by a targeted analysis (Epityper), and performed functional validation of one of the genes identified by our analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We identified 2,130 differentially methylated regions (DMRs; <5% false discovery rate), of which 738 are associated with significant changes in gene expression and enriched for expected inverse relationship between methylation and expression (P < 2.2 × 10(-16)). We validated 13/15 DMRs by targeted analysis of methylation. Methylation-expression quantitative trait loci (methyl-eQTL) identified methylation marks that control cis and trans gene expression, with an enrichment for cis relationships (P < 2.2 × 10(-16)). We found five trans methyl-eQTLs where a methylation change at a single DMR is associated with transcriptional changes in a substantial number of genes; four of these DMRs are near transcription factors (castor zinc finger 1 [CASZ1], FOXC1, MXD4, and ZDHHC4). We studied the in vitro effects of change in CASZ1 expression and validated its role in regulation of target genes in the methyl-eQTL. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DNA methylation may be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Brent S. Pedersen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Einat Rabinovich
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Corinne E. Hennessy
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Elissa Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brenda Juan Guardela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John R. Tedrow
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mandal K. Singh
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mick Correll
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Marvin I. Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mark Geraci
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Frank C. Sciurba
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Quackenbush
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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Nolen-Walston RD, Harris M, Agnew ME, Martin BB, Reef VB, Boston RC, Davidson EJ. Clinical and diagnostic features of inflammatory airway disease subtypes in horses examined because of poor performance: 98 cases (2004–2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:1138-45. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.8.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Getman LM, Davidson EJ, Ross MW, Leitch M, Richardson DW. Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Assisted Partial Hoof Wall Resection for Keratoma Removal. Vet Surg 2011; 40:708-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Davidson EJ, Martin BB, Rieger RH, Parente EJ. Exercising Videoendoscopic Evaluation of 45 Horses with Respiratory Noise and/or Poor Performance After Laryngoplasty. Vet Surg 2010; 39:942-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY Dynamic pharyngeal collapse (PC) is a condition seen in racehorses that can be career-ending. OBJECTIVES To characterise and grade PC and describe the effects of PC on athletic performance. METHODS Medical records were reviewed for 828 horses, of which 49 (6%) records were identified as horses with a primary diagnosis of PC. Tapes of video-endoscopy of the pharynx during exercise were reviewed. Each video recording was assigned a grade (0-4) reflecting the degree of PC and a classification for severity of upper airway obstruction. Earnings per race prior to diagnosis of PC were compared to earnings per race after diagnosis of PC for all horses, as well as performance index (PI). Available exercising arterial blood gases were reviewed for horses with PC. RESULTS There were 35 (80%) Thoroughbreds (TB), and 9 (20%) Standardbreds (STD). 32 (73%) had a history of making an upper respiratory noise. 4 (9%) grade 1 PC, 8 (18%) grade 2 PC, 26 (59%) grade 3 PC, and 6 (14%) grade 4 PC. Seven (16%) horses were classified as mild PC, 18 (41%) as low-moderate PC, 14 (32%) as high-moderate PC, and 5 (11%) as severe PC. Of 30 horses 11 had abnormally decreased PaO2 and 8 horses had abnormally elevated PaCO2. A significant decrease was found in earnings per race prediagnosis when compared to post diagnosis earnings per race in horses > or =4 years of age (P = 0.003). A significant decrease was also observed for earnings per race prediagnosis when compared to post diagnosis earnings per race in horses with grade 3 PC (P = 0.03) No significant differences were observed in PI before or after diagnosis of PC. CONCLUSIONS There was a trend for PC to be observed in more TB than STD, and more males than females compared to the general hospital population. Horses with PC significant had decreases in arterial oxygenation. Racing records after a diagnosis of PC in all horses > or = 4 years of age suggesting that older horses have a guarded prognosis for continued success. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE This study provides a classification system for dynamic pharyngeal collapse and suggests that older racehorses (> or = 4 years of age) diagnosed with PC and all horses with grade 3 PC have a poor prognosis for return to previous level of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Boyle
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 W Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
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Durando MM, Martin BB, Davidson EJ, Birks EK. Correlations between exercising arterial blood gas values, tracheal wash findings and upper respiratory tract abnormalities in horses presented for poor performance. Equine Vet J 2010:523-8. [PMID: 17402477 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There are limited data on the correlations between arterial blood gas (ABG) values, tracheal wash (TW) cytology and upper respiratory tract (URT) abnormalities. OBJECTIVES To identify horses with abnormal exercising ABG, and compare the proportions of horses with abnormal ABG and TW cytology, mucus or URT dysfunction with those with normal ABG results and abnormal TW cytology, mucus or URT dysfunction. METHODS Medical records of 813 horses presenting to the treadmill facility that had a complete treadmill examination, including ABG analysis, TW and URT endoscopy were selected. Diagnoses, ABG results, TW cytology and URT endoscopy were compared. RESULTS Two hundred and eleven horses met the study criteria of a complete treadmill examination and could have ABG evaluated. There were no significant differences in the age distribution of horses having normal and abnormal ABG or upper respiratory tract (URT) examinations. There was a significantly higher percentage of geldings with abnormal ABG analysis. In the horses with abnormal URT examinations, there were no differences in the proportion of horses having mucus vs. no mucus. However, in the horses with normal URT, there were a higher percentage of horses with visible mucus in the group with abnormal ABG analysis. The majority of horses had abnormal TW cytology and evidence of prior EIPH, with no differences in proportions between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Because such a large percentage of horses had evidence of inflammation and/or evidence of prior EIPH on TW cytology, it was not possible to determine the effect of these findings on gas exchange. Mucus was present in a larger percentage of cases with abnormal ABG analysis and normal URT examinations, suggesting that the presence of mucus may affect gas exchange. Standardbreds may be more likely to have abnormal gas exchange than Thoroughbreds. A larger number of horses is needed to determine the significance of these findings. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Abnormal TW cytology and endoscopic visualised mucus may contribute to impairment of gas exchange, but they do not specifically predict abnormal ABG analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Durando
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Centre, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
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Fiander AN, Tristram AJ, Davidson EJ, Tomlinson AE, Man S, Baldwin PJ, Sterling JC, Kitchener HC. Prime-boost vaccination strategy in women with high-grade, noncervical anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia: clinical results from a multicenter phase II trial. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 16:1075-81. [PMID: 16803488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the clinical effectiveness of a prime-boost human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine regimen. A nonrandomized phase II prime-boost vaccine trial was conducted. Women with biopsy-proven anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia (AGIN) 3 were vaccinated with three doses of a recombinant fusion protein comprising HPV 16, E6/E7/L2 (TA-CIN) followed by one dose of a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding HPV 16 and 18 E6/E7 (TA-HPV). Clinical responses were evaluated by serial photographs, symptomatology, and biopsies before and after vaccination. Twenty-nine women were vaccinated; 27 with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia 3 and 2 with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3. Clinical responses were seen in five women (17%), with one complete and five partial responses. Fifteen women (62%) had symptomatic improvement. No serious adverse effects were recorded. This is the first trial of a prime-boost vaccination regimen using heterologous HPV vaccines (TA-CIN followed by TA-HPV) in the management of AGIN. Since the prime-boost approach in this cohort offered no significant advantages over single TA-HPV vaccination, there are no further studies planned using this protocol. Future studies are warranted to define responders to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Fiander
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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Davidson EJ, Martin BB, Parente EJ. Use of successive dynamic videoendoscopic evaluations to identify progression of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in three horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 230:555-8. [PMID: 17302556 DOI: 10.2460/javma.230.4.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION 3 racehorses were evaluated because of poor performance or abnormal noise originating from the upper portion of the respiratory tract. CLINICAL FINDINGS During maximal exercise, initial dynamic videoendoscopy of the upper respiratory tract revealed complete arytenoid cartilage abduction in 2 horses and incomplete but adequate abduction of the left arytenoid cartilage in 1 horse. Subsequent exercising endoscopic evaluation revealed severe dynamic collapse of the left arytenoid cartilage and vocal fold in all 3 horses. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME 2 horses were treated with prosthetic left laryngoplasty and raced successfully. One horse was retired from racing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia can be a progressive disease. Successive dynamic videoendoscopic upper airway evaluations were used to confirm progression of left laryngeal hemiplegia in these 3 horses. Videoendoscopy of the upper respiratory tract during exercise should be considered as part of the clinical evaluation of horses with signs of upper respiratory tract dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348-1692, USA
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Little information exists regarding talus fractures in the horse and there have been no previously published case series of racehorses diagnosed with incomplete sagittal fracture of the talus. OBJECTIVE To describe the diagnosis, treatment and post injury performance of horses with incomplete sagittal fracture of the talus. METHODS Medical records of 11 racehorses (8 Standardbreds and 3 Thoroughbreds) admitted between January 1992 and January 1999 were reviewed. Subject details, anamnesis, results of lameness examination, radiographs and nuclear scintigraphic findings were evaluated. Racing performance was assessed by comparing pre- and post injury race records. RESULTS Nuclear scintigraphic examination, performed in 8 of the 11 horses, revealed focal increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the proximal aspect of the affected talus. Fractures could best be seen on dorsal 10-20 degrees lateral-plantaromedial oblique radiographs; all had raced pre-injury. All horses were treated conservatively and follow-up information was available for 8 horses, of which 7 raced after injury. Performance in 3 horses was improved, in 1 it was unchanged and in 3 horses performance declined. CONCLUSIONS Horses with incomplete fracture of the talus have a good prognosis for return to racing after conservative management. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Incomplete sagittal fracture of the talus should be considered as a cause of hindlimb lameness in racehorses. Further research is necessary to determine the pathophysiology of these fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348-1692, USA
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Abstract
Stress fracture of the scapula in two horses is described. Both horses had a history of acute lameness after strenuous exercise. Using elective nuclear scintigraphy focal increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the affected scapula consistent with a fracture was identified. Standing radiography was nondiagnostic in both horses. Ultrasonographic findings in one horse were consistent with a minimally displaced incomplete fracture. Both horses were treated conservatively and returned to train and race successfully postinjury. Veterinary
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348-1692, USA.
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Davidson EJ, Faulkner RL, Sehr P, Pawlita M, Smyth LJC, Burt DJ, Tomlinson AE, Hickling J, Kitchener HC, Stern PL. Effect of TA-CIN (HPV 16 L2E6E7) booster immunisation in vulval intraepithelial neoplasia patients previously vaccinated with TA-HPV (vaccinia virus encoding HPV 16/18 E6E7). Vaccine 2004; 22:2722-9. [PMID: 15246603 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination schedules employing TA-HPV, a vaccinia virus encoding HPV 16/18 E6 and E7, in combination with TA-CIN, an HPV 16 L2E6E7 fusion protein, may offer advantages over the use of either agent alone for the immunotherapy of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16-associated vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). In the present study, 10 women with HPV 16-positive high grade VIN, previously primed with TA-HPV, received three booster immunisations with TA-CIN. All but one demonstrated HPV 16-specific proliferative T-cell and/or serological responses following vaccination. Three patients additionally showed lesion shrinkage or symptom relief, but no direct correlation between clinical and immunological responses was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Davidson
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Wastage of performance horses because of respiratory dysfunction is common. Appropriate identification of the disease is paramount for treatment recommendations. Diagnostic modalities for upper respiratory tract dysfunction include a thorough physical examination, radiographic evaluation when appropriate, and upper respiratory tract endoscopy. Anatomical deviations or structural are easily identified during resting evaluation, while exercise testing is often necessary to assess thedynamic properties of the upper airway. Utilizing the many diagnostic tools available allows the clinician to make an accurate diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Davidson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the surgical technique, complications, and outcome of thyroidectomy in 6 horses. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Six horses, 10 to 22 years of age, with unilateral, rapidly enlarging thyroid masses. METHODS Medical records between 1985 and 2000 were reviewed for horses that had unilateral thyroidectomy. Retrieved data included signalment, physical, clinical, and ultrasonographic examination findings, surgical technique, complications, and outcome. A minimum of 6 months follow-up was obtained. RESULTS Six horses were identified. Three horses had tracheal compression and 2 of these also had exercise intolerance. On ultrasonography (5 horses), the enlarged thyroid ranged from 125 to 990 cm(3), and had either a heterogeneous (1 horse), cystic (2), or homogeneous (2) appearance. En bloc, unilateral thyroidectomy under general anesthesia was performed in all horses. After surgery, 3 horses had ipsilateral laryngeal hemiplegia, but tracheal compression was resolved. Thyroid masses were adenoma (3), C-cell compact carcinoma (1), and adenocarcinoma (1). No tumor recurrence or metastatic disease was reported 6 to 14 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Unilateral thyroidectomy can be successfully performed in horses with large thyroid tumors, but laryngeal hemiplegia can be an important surgical complication. Ultrasonographic examination is useful to define thyroid enlargement and location but is seemingly not useful to characterize tumor type. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Thyroidectomy is an uncommon surgical procedure and has an attendant risk for recurrent laryngeal nerve damage. Laryngoscopic examination before and after surgery and careful isolation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne A Elce
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, 19348, USA
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Davidson EJ, Morris LS, Scott IS, Rushbrook SM, Bird K, Laskey RA, Wilson GE, Kitchener HC, Coleman N, Stern PL. Minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) proteins, cyclin B1 and D1, phosphohistone H3 and in situ DNA replication for functional analysis of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:257-62. [PMID: 12610511 PMCID: PMC2377046 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is defined histopathologically by distinctive abnormalities of cellular maturation and differentiation. To investigate the functional properties of VIN, the expression of several proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle as well as in situ DNA replication competence was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Snap-frozen vulval biopsies were graded as normal squamous epithelium (n=6), undifferentiated HPV positive VIN 1 (n=3), VIN 2 (n=8) and VIN 3 (n=20). Immunohistochemistry was performed using the following markers: cyclin D1 (expressed in middle/late G1), cyclin B1 (expressed in G2/early M), phosphorylated histone H3 (expressed during mitosis) and minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) proteins 2 and 5 (expressed during the cell cycle, but not in differentiated or quiescent cells). In situ DNA replication competence was used to identify S-phase cells. The percentage of positively stained nuclei in three representative microscopic fields was calculated per biopsy. In normal vulva, the expression of all markers was restricted to the proliferative compartment of the basal layer of the epithelium. In contrast in high-grade VIN, the majority of epithelial cells expressed the Mcm proteins from basal to superficial layer. The detection of cyclins B1 and D1, phospho-histone H3 and in situ DNA replication was also found through the full thickness of these lesions but by a lower proportion of the cells. This is consistent with these markers providing a series of 'snapshots' of the cell cycle status of individual cells. The low-grade VIN showed reduced expression of the cell cycle markers in relation to the level of dysplasia. The combination of these analyses establishes that the majority of VIN cells remain in a functional replicative or prereplicative state of the cell cycle. Clinical application of these analyses may provide a basis for improved diagnosis of VIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Davidson
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Whitworth Park, Manchester M13 0JH, UK
| | - L S Morris
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - I S Scott
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - S M Rushbrook
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - K Bird
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - R A Laskey
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - G E Wilson
- Department of Histopathology, St Mary's Hospital, Whitworth Park, Manchester M13 0JH, UK
| | - H C Kitchener
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Whitworth Park, Manchester M13 0JH, UK
| | - N Coleman
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - P L Stern
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK. E-mail:
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Paraskevaidis E, Davidson EJ, Malamou-Mitsi V, Hirsch PM, Pappa L, Koliopoulos G, Lolis E, Zikopoulos K, Paschopoulos M, Doussias V, Agnantis N. An observational study of women with positive HPV-DNA tests and normal cytology and colposcopy. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2003; 23:320-2. [PMID: 12214732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are implicated in the aetiology of malignant cervical disease. The usefulness of HPV DNA tests in identifying women at risk of cervical cancer as an adjunct to cervical cytology is under evaluation. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of 47 women positive for high risk HPV but with negative cytology and negative colposcopy at the start of the study. Women were observed for three years or more (in 96% cases) using six-monthly combined HPV DNA tests, cytological and colposcopic evaluation. RESULTS At the end of follow-up, 29/47 (62%) women were still positive for high risk HPV, 45/47 (96%) women had normal cytology and 47/47 (100%) women continued to have normal colposcopy. CONCLUSIONS Normal colposcopy has an excellent negative predictive value for HPV positive women with normal cytology. These women can be safely screened cytologically on a three-yearly basis.
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Davidson EJ, Brown MD, Burt DJ, Parish JL, Gaston K, Kitchener HC, Stacey SN, Stern PL. Human T cell responses to HPV 16 E2 generated with monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Int J Cancer 2001; 94:807-12. [PMID: 11745482 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 has been implicated in the etiology of cervical cancer. The E2 protein is required early in viral infection and therefore may serve as a useful immune target for a vaccine aimed at prevention or therapy of premalignant lesions. Dendritic cells (DC) prepared from monocytes and pulsed with bacterially produced HPV 16 E2 C-terminus protein were used to stimulate autologous T cells over several rounds of stimulation. T cells were tested for gamma-interferon release by ELISPOT and for cytotoxic activity by (51)chromium release assays. To generate E2-expressing target cells for cytotoxicity assays, we constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding HPV 16 E2, which was used to infect autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). The results show that DC pulsed with E2 C-terminus protein induce gamma-interferon-releasing T cells as demonstrated by ELISPOT. Furthermore, we demonstrate E2-specific lysis of vaccinia-E2 infected autologous LCL by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). E2-specific CTL did not lyse untreated autologous LCL or LCL infected with wild-type vaccinia and showed low levels of cytotoxicity against natural killer cell-sensitive K562 cells. In addition, T cells stimulated with DC in the absence of E2 failed to demonstrate lysis of vaccinia-E2-labeled targets. Phenotypically, CTL populations were CD3+/CD8+. These results will facilitate the study of naturally occurring T-cell responses to HPV E2 in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and the development of immunotherapeutic strategies designed to treat this and other HPV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Davidson
- CRC Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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