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Aryal A, Garcia FB, Scheitler AJ, Faraon EJA, Moncatar TJRT, Saniel OP, Lorenzo FME, Rosadia RAF, Shimkhada R, Macinko J, Ponce NA. Evolving academic and research partnerships in global health: a capacity-building partnership to assess primary healthcare in the Philippines. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2216069. [PMID: 37249029 PMCID: PMC10231040 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2216069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Building fair, equitable, and beneficial partnerships between institutions collaborating in research in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC) has become an integral part of research capacity building in global health in recent years. In this paper, we offer an example of an academic collaboration between the University of California Los Angeles, Center for Health Policy and Research (UCLA CHPR) and the University of Philippines, Manila, College of Public Health (UPM CPH) that sought to build an equitable partnership between research institutions. The partnership was built on a project to build capacity for research and produce data for policy action for the prevention and care of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) through primary healthcare in the Philippines. The specific objectives of the project were to: (1) locally adapt the Primary Care Assessment Tool for the Philippines and use the adapted tool to measure facility-level primary care delivery, (2) conduct focus group discussions (FGDs) to gather qualitative observations regarding primary care readiness and capacity, and (3) conduct a comprehensive population-based health survey among adults on NCDs and prior healthcare experience. We describe here the progression of the partnership between these institutions to carry out the project and the elements that helped build a stronger connection between the institutions, such as mutual goal setting, cultural bridging, collaborative teams, and capacity building. This example, which can be used as a model depicting new directionality and opportunities for LMIC-HIC academic partnerships, was written based on the review of shared project documents, including study protocols, and written and oral communications with the project team members, including the primary investigators. The innovation of this partnership includes: LMIC-initiated project need identification, LMIC-based funding allocation, a capacity-building role of the HIC institution, and the expansion of scope through jointly offered courses on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Aryal
- Center for Health Policy and Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fernando B. Garcia
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - A. J. Scheitler
- Center for Health Policy and Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emerito Jose A. Faraon
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - T. J. Robinson T. Moncatar
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ofelia P. Saniel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Fely Marilyn E. Lorenzo
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Roberto Antonio F. Rosadia
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Riti Shimkhada
- Center for Health Policy and Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Macinko
- Center for Health Policy and Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ninez A. Ponce
- Center for Health Policy and Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Medina JRC, Takeuchi R, Mercado CEG, de Los Reyes CS, Cruz RV, Abrigo MDR, Hernandez PMR, Garcia FB, Salanguit M, Gregorio ER, Kawamura S, Hung KE, Kaneko M, Nonaka D, Maude RJ, Kobayashi J. Spatial and temporal distribution of reported dengue cases and hot spot identification in Quezon City, Philippines, 2010-2017. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:31. [PMID: 37226211 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue remains a major public health problem in the Philippines, particularly in urban areas of the National Capital Region. Thematic mapping using geographic information systems complemented by spatial analysis such as cluster analysis and hot spot detection can provide useful information to guide preventive measures and control strategies against dengue. Hence, this study was aimed to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of dengue incidence and identify dengue hot spots by barangay using reported cases from Quezon City, the Philippines from 2010 to 2017. METHODS Reported dengue case data at barangay level from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017 were obtained from the Quezon City Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit. The annual incidence rate of dengue from 2010 to 2017, expressed as the total number of dengue cases per 10,000 population in each year, was calculated for each barangay. Thematic mapping, global cluster analysis, and hot spot analysis were performed using ArcGIS 10.3.1. RESULTS The number of reported dengue cases and their spatial distribution varied highly between years. Local clusters were evident during the study period. Eighteen barangays were identified as hot spots. CONCLUSIONS Considering the spatial heterogeneity and instability of hot spots in Quezon City across years, efforts towards the containment of dengue can be made more targeted, and efficient with the application of hot spot analysis in routine surveillance. This may be useful not only for the control of dengue but also for other diseases, and for public health planning, monitoring, and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Robert C Medina
- Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 623 Pedro Gil St, Ermita, Manila, 1000, Metro Manila, Philippines.
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil St, Ermita, Manila, 1000, Metro Manila, Philippines.
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-Cho, Nakagami-Gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Rie Takeuchi
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-Cho, Nakagami-Gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
- Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kodunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Chris Erwin G Mercado
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Calvin S de Los Reyes
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-Cho, Nakagami-Gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila, 1000, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Rolando V Cruz
- Quezon City Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Local Government of Quezon City, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Melvin D R Abrigo
- Quezon City Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Local Government of Quezon City, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Paul Michael R Hernandez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil St, Ermita, Manila, 1000, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Fernando B Garcia
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil St, Ermita, Manila, 1000, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Mika Salanguit
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil St, Ermita, 1000, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Ernesto R Gregorio
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil St, Ermita, 1000, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Shin'ya Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, 1200 Matsumoto-Cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Khew Ee Hung
- Department of Biosphere and Environmental Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodaimidoricho, Ebetsu-Shi, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Masami Kaneko
- Department of Biosphere and Environmental Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodaimidoricho, Ebetsu-Shi, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nonaka
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-Cho, Nakagami-Gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Richard J Maude
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-Cho, Nakagami-Gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
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Garcia FB, Kashima S, Rodrigues ES, Silva IT, Malta TM, Nicolete LDDF, Haddad R, Moraes-Souza H, Covas DT. Novel polymorphisms in the promoter region of the perforin gene among distinct Brazilian populations and their functional impact. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 41:198-205. [PMID: 24321052 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells play a crucial role in eliminating tumour and virus-infected cells. The perforin is a key part of the arsenal that these cells use to destroy their targets. In this study, we characterized single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the promoter region of the perforin gene among distinct Brazilian ethnic groups. The study was carried out by sequencing this region in three groups: European, African and Asian descents. We demonstrated for the first time the occurrence of three new polymorphisms in the promoter region of gene PRF1: 494A/G (rs78058707), 720G/A (rs75925789) and 1176C/T (rs75183511). Three other SNPs already described in the literature 63A/G (rs35401316), 112A/G (rs10999428) and 1012C/T (rs35069510) were also detected. The SNPs are distributed differently in the ethnic groups studied. The 112G allele was observed at high frequency, especially among Asian descents (48.1%). The 1012T allele was detected only among European descents, the 494G allele only among Asian descents and 1176T allele only in African descents. Based on the association between the polymorphisms described, ten new haplotypes were originated. In functional analysis, we noticed that SNPs present in most common haplotypes cannot induce significant differences in expression levels of perforin alone. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time the existence of three new polymorphisms in perforin promoter and, contrary to what was stated, the presence of these SNPs does not alter the levels of protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Garcia
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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