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Samtiya M, Chandratre GA, Dhewa T, Badgujar PC, Sirohi R, Kumar A, Kumar A. A comparative study on comprehensive nutritional profiling of indigenous non-bio-fortified and bio-fortified varieties and bio-fortified hybrids of pearl millets. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:1065-1076. [PMID: 36908360 PMCID: PMC9998779 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seven indigenous pearl millet varieties, including non-bio-fortified (HC-10 & HC-20) and bio-fortified (Dhanashakti) and bio-fortified hybrids, viz., AHB-1200, HHB-299, HHB-311, and RHB-233, were studied in the present work. There was not any significant difference observed in the crucial anti-nutrients content, i.e., phytate (24.88-32.56 mg/g), tannin (3.07-4.35 mg/g), and oxalate (0.33-0.43 mg/g). Phytochemical content and antioxidant activity showed significantly high (p < 0.05) TPC and FRAP, TFC, and DPPH radical scavenging activity in the HHB 299 and Dhanashakti, respectively. Quantitative analysis of polyphenols by HPLC (first report on these varieties) revealed that HHB-299 has the highest amount of gallic acid. Fatty acid profiling by GC-FID showed that Dhanashakti, AHB-1200, and HHB-299 have rich monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Mineral analysis by ICP-OES showed high iron (87.79 and 84.26 mg/kg) and zinc (55.05 and 52.43 mg/kg) content in the HHB-311 and Dhanashakti, respectively. Results of the present study would help facilitate the formulation of various processed functional food products (RTC/RTE) that are currently not reported/unavailable. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05452-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031 India
| | - Gauri A. Chandratre
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031 India
| | - Prarabdh C. Badgujar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031 India
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Maharana BR, Gupta S, Gupta S, Ganguly A, Kumar B, Chandratre GA, Bisla RS. First report of molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Physaloptera praeputialis in naturally infected stray cats from India. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2047-2056. [PMID: 33893552 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes of the genus Physaloptera are globally distributed and infect a multitude of hosts. Their life cycle involves orthopterans and coleopterans as intermediate hosts. The morphological characters alone are inadequate to detect and differentiate Physaloptera spp. from its congeners. Moreover, molecular studies are limited to compare them precisely. The present communication reports the first molecular phylogenetic characterization of feline Physaloptera spp. from India based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) and small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA). The nematodes were first isolated from the stomach of adult stray cats during necropsy examination. Based on the gross and microscopic characters, the worms were identified as P. praeputialis. Morphological identification was further confirmed through PCR targeting the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (MT-COI) gene, using nematode-specific primers cocktail followed by species specific primers targeting partial COX1 and 18S rRNA genes. Generated sequences were submitted in NCBI GenBank (MW517846, MW410927, MW411349), and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum likelihood method. When compared with other sequences of Physaloptera species across the globe, the present isolates showed 85.6-97.7% and 97.3-99% nucleotide homology based on COX1 and 18S rRNA gene, respectively. BLASTn analysis revealed a strong identity to other Physaloptera spp., and the phylogenetic tree placed all Physaloptera spp. in the same cluster. This study again indicates the usefulness of molecular techniques to substantiate the identity of species that may lack adequate descriptions and impart new insight for the potentially overlooked significance of P. praeputialis infections in felines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Maharana
- Referral Veterinary Diagnostic and Extension Centre, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Snehil Gupta
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - A Ganguly
- Referral Veterinary Diagnostic and Extension Centre, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Binod Kumar
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, 362001, India
| | - G A Chandratre
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - R S Bisla
- Referral Veterinary Diagnostic and Extension Centre, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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Chandratre GA, Jangir BL, Sharma M, Jakhar KK, Kumar T. Clinico-haematological alterations and therapeutic management of tick borne fever in cross bred cow. J Parasit Dis 2018; 42:643-645. [PMID: 30538366 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5 years old crossbred cow was brought to the Veterinary Clinical Complex of Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Hisar with history of progressive weakness, pale mucous membrane, anorexia, high fever (105 °F), tachycardia, laboured breathing and coffee coloured urine. Analysis of haematological parameters revealed severe anaemia, leucocytopenia, marked poikilocytosis of erythrocytes. Blood smear examination showed presence of signet ring shaped Theileria organisms, Babesia piroplasms and condensed dot forms of Anaplasma marginale in the stained erythrocytes. Further animal was treated with buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg/kg b.wt deep I/M in neck region and long acting oxytetracycline at 25 mg/kg b. W. slow I/V daily in normal saline solution for 5 days. Berenil (Diminazene aceturate 5%) injection was also administered @ 1 ml/20 kg b.wt. I/M along with supportive therapy. Clinical signs started to subside 3 days post treatment. Complete recovery was achieved by 4 weeks post treatment however animal succumbed to death due to immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri A Chandratre
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana India
| | - Babu Lal Jangir
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana India
| | - Maneesh Sharma
- 2Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana India
| | - K K Jakhar
- 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- 2Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana India
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Chandratre GA, Singh R, Singh S, Jakhar K, Sharma S. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Eyelid in Camel: A Rare Case Report. J CAMEL PRACT RES 2017. [DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2017.00017.0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Badgujar PC, Chandratre GA, Pawar NN, Telang AG, Kurade NP. Fipronil induced oxidative stress involves alterations in SOD1 and catalase gene expression in male mice liver: Protection by vitamins E and C. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:1147-1158. [PMID: 25721553 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, hepatic oxidative stress induced by fipronil was evaluated in male mice. We also investigated whether pretreatment with antioxidant vitamins E and C could protect mice against these effects. Several studies conducted in cell lines have shown fipronil as a potent oxidant; however, no information is available regarding its oxidative stress inducing potential in an animal model. Out of 8 mice groups, fipronil was administered to three groups at low, medium, and high dose based on its oral LD50 (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). All three doses of fipronil caused a significant increase in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level with concomitant increase in the absolute and relative weight of liver. High dose of fipronil caused significant down-regulation in the hepatic mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase (0.412 ± 0.01 and 0.376 ± 0.05-fold, respectively) as well as an increase in the lipid peroxidation (LPO). Also, decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes; SOD, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the content of nonantioxidant enzymes; glutathione and total thiol were recorded. Histopathological examination of liver revealed dose dependant changes such as severe fatty degeneration and vacuolation leading to hepatocellular necrosis. Prior administration of vitamin E or vitamin C against fipronil high dose caused decrease in lipid peroxidation and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Severe reduction observed in functional activities of antioxidant enzymes was aptly substantiated by down-regulation seen in their relative mRNA expression. Thus results of the present study imply that liver is an important target organ for fipronil and similar to in vitro reports, it induces oxidative stress in the mice liver, which in turn could be responsible for its hepatotoxic nature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1147-1158, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarabdh C Badgujar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Gauri A Chandratre
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Nitin N Pawar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - A G Telang
- Toxicology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - N P Kurade
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
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Badgujar PC, Selkar NA, Chandratre GA, Pawar NN, Dighe VD, Bhagat ST, Telang AG, Vanage GR. Fipronil-induced genotoxicity and DNA damage in vivo: Protective effect of vitamin E. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:508-519. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116655388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fipronil, an insecticide of the phenylpyrazole class has been classified as a carcinogen by United States Environmental Protection Agency, yet very limited information is available about its genotoxic effects. Adult male and female animals were gavaged with various doses of fipronil (2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight (bw)) to evaluate micronucleus test (mice), chromosome aberration (CA), and comet assay (rats), respectively. Cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg bw; intraperitoneal) was used as positive control. Another group of animals were pretreated with vitamin E orally (400 mg/kg bw) for 5 days prior to administration of fipronil (12.5 mg/kg). Fipronil exposure in both male and female mice caused significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in polychromatic erythrocytes. Similarly, structural CAs in bone marrow cells and DNA damage in the lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher in the male and female rats exposed to fipronil as compared to their respective controls. The average degree of protection (male and female animals combined together) shown by pretreatment of vitamin E against fipronil-induced genotoxicity was 63.28%: CAs; 47.91%: MN formation; and 74.70%: DNA damage. Findings of this study demonstrate genotoxic nature of fipronil regardless of gender effect and documents protective role of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- PC Badgujar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, India
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Toxicology Section, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - NA Selkar
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Mumbai, India
| | - GA Chandratre
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - NN Pawar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - VD Dighe
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Mumbai, India
| | - ST Bhagat
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Mumbai, India
| | - AG Telang
- Toxicology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - GR Vanage
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Mumbai, India
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Badgujar PC, Pawar NN, Chandratre GA, Telang AG, Sharma AK. Fipronil induced oxidative stress in kidney and brain of mice: protective effect of vitamin E and vitamin C. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2015; 118:10-18. [PMID: 25752424 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a relatively new insecticide of the phenpyrazole group. Fipronil-induced effects on antioxidant system and oxidative stress biomarkers are yet to be studied in vivo. The present study was undertaken to evaluate fipronil-induced alterations in the blood biochemical markers and tissue antioxidant enzymes after oral exposure in mice and to explore possible protective effect of pre-treatment of antioxidant vitamins against these alterations. Mice were divided into eight groups containing control, test and amelioration groups. Mice in the test groups were exposed to different doses of fipronil, i.e., 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg bw, respectively for 28 days. Mice in the amelioration groups were treated with vitamin E or vitamin C (each at 100 mg/kg) 2 h prior to high dose (10 mg/kg) of fipronil. Fipronil exposure at three doses caused significant increase in the blood biochemical markers, lipid peroxidation and prominent histopathological alterations; while level of antioxidant enzymes was severely decreased both in kidney and brain tissues. Prior administration of vitamin E or vitamin C in the fipronil exposed mice led to decrease in lipid peroxidation and significant increase in activities of antioxidants, viz., glutathione, total thiol, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Vitamin E and vitamin C administration in fipronil exposed mice also improved histological architecture of the kidney and brain when compared with fipronil alone treated groups. Thus, results of the present study demonstrated that in vivo fipronil exposure induces oxidative stress and pre-treatment with vitamin E or C can protect mice against this oxidative insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarabdh C Badgujar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India.
| | - Nitin N Pawar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
| | - Gauri A Chandratre
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
| | - A G Telang
- Toxicology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India.
| | - A K Sharma
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
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Chandratre GA, Telang AG, Badgujar PC, Raut SS, Sharma AK. Toxicopathological alterations induced by high dose dietary T-2 mycotoxin and its residue detection in Wistar rats. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 67:124-138. [PMID: 24553812 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is one of the most potent cytotoxic and food-borne mycotoxins. Most experimental studies on the T-2 toxin have been performed at extremely low doses (ppb level). However, several field reports of contaminated feed have shown concentration of T-2 toxin to be as high as ≥20 ppm. Therefore, the impact of high dose T-2 toxin (20 ppm) after subacute exposure was investigated in an experimental setup with respect to growth performance, oxidative stress, and detailed pathomorphology in young male Wistar rats. Furthermore, to see the effect of such a high dose on the accumulation of T-2 toxin, its residues in various organs were quantified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Apart from obvious clinical toxicosis, rats in the toxin-fed group showed significant hemato-biochemical alterations and increased levels of biological markers of oxidative stress with concomitant decrease in levels of serum and tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase. These alterations were strongly supported by histopathological changes, such as hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of the squamous gastric mucosa, oxidative damage to hepatocytes, atrophy of the thymus and spleen, and overall decrease in the spermatogenic activity of testes. An economical, simple, reliable, and quick method for the detection and quantification of T-2 toxin residues by HPTLC is also reported here. No residual T-2 toxin was detected in any of the organs tested, suggesting that T-2 toxin does not accumulate in tissues even at such a high exposure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri A Chandratre
- Mycotic and Mycotoxic Diseases Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India,
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Badgujar PC, Jain SK, Singh A, Punia JS, Gupta RP, Chandratre GA. Immunotoxic effects of imidacloprid following 28 days of oral exposure in BALB/c mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 35:408-18. [PMID: 23467117 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide has been in use worldwide for several years in agriculture and veterinary medicine. It is possible that residue of this compound may be recycled in the food chain and thus information regarding effects from potential exposure to it is warranted. The objective of the present study was to evaluate immunotoxic effects of imidacloprid in female BALB/c mice. Imidacloprid was administered orally daily at 10, 5, or 2.5mg/kg over 28 days. Specific parameters of humoral and cellular immune response including hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titer to sheep red blood cells (SRBC; T-dependent antigen), delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to SRBC, and T-lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were evaluated. The results showed that imidacloprid at high dose, specifically suppressed cell-mediated immune response as was evident from decreased DTH response and decreased stimulation index of T-lymphocytes to PHA. At this dose, there were also prominent histopathological alterations in spleen and liver. Histopathological analysis of footpad sections of mice revealed dose-related suppression of DTH response. Imidacloprid at low dose of 2.5mg/kg/day did not produce any significant alterations in cellular and humoral immune response and it seemed to be an appropriate dose for assessment of 'no observable adverse effects level' for immunotoxicity in BALB/c mice. The results also indicated that imidacloprid has immunosuppressive effects at doses >5mg/kg, which could potentially be attributed to direct cytotoxic effects of IMD against T cells (particularly TH cells) and that long-term exposure could be detrimental to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarabdh C Badgujar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.
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