1
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Salazar A, Moreno-Simoni M, Kumar S, Labella J, Torres T, de la Torre G. Supramolecular Subphthalocyanine Cage as Catalytic Container for the Functionalization of Fullerenes in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311255. [PMID: 37695637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the first example of a supramolecular cage that works as a catalytic molecular reactor to perform transformations over fullerenes in aqueous medium. Taking advantage of the ability of metallo-organic Pd(II)-subphthalocyanine (SubPc) capsules to form stable host:guest complexes with C60 , we have prepared a water-soluble cage that provides a hydrophobic environment for conducting cycloadditions over encapsulated C60 , namely, Diels-Alder reactions with anthracene. Indeed, the presence of catalytic amounts of SubPc cage dissolved in water promotes co-encapsulation of insoluble C60 and anthracene substrates, allowing the reaction to occur inside the cavity under mild conditions. The lower stability of the host:guest complex with the resulting C60 cycloadduct facilitates its displacement by pristine C60 , which grants catalytic turnover. Moreover, bis-addition compounds are regioselectively formed inside the cage when using excess anthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Salazar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Moreno-Simoni
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sunit Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Durán-Sampedro G, Xue EY, Moreno-Simoni M, Paramio C, Torres T, Ng DKP, de la Torre G. Glycosylated BODIPY- Incorporated Pt(II) Metallacycles for Targeted and Synergistic Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3448-3459. [PMID: 36802644 PMCID: PMC10009748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Pt(II)-BODIPY complexes combine the chemotherapeutic activity of Pt(II) with the photocytotoxicity of BODIPYs. Additional conjugation with targeting ligands can boost the uptake by cancer cells that overexpress the corresponding receptors. We describe two Pt(II) triangles, 1 and 2, built with pyridyl BODIPYs functionalized with glucose (3) or triethylene glycol methyl ether (4), respectively. Both 1 and 2 showed higher singlet oxygen quantum yields than 3 and 4, due to the enhanced singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing. To evaluate the targeting effect of the glycosylated derivative, in vitro experiments were performed using glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)-positive HT29 and A549 cancer cells, and noncancerous HEK293 cells as control. Both 1 and 2 showed higher cellular uptake than 3 and 4. Specifically, 1 was selective and highly cytotoxic toward HT29 and A549 cells. The synergistic chemo- and photodynamic behavior of the metallacycles was also confirmed. Notably, 1 exhibited superior efficacy toward the cisplatin-resistant R-HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Durán-Sampedro
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Evelyn Y. Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin,
N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Marta Moreno-Simoni
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Celia Paramio
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- IMDEA
Nanociencia, C/Faraday
9, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin,
N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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3
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Rubio P, Salazar A, Duran-Sampedro G, de la Torre G. Synthesis, aggregation, and photophysical properties of amphiphilic BODIPY-Pt(II) metallacycles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2023. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424623500414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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4
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Moreno-Simoni M, Torres T, de la Torre G. Subphthalocyanine capsules: molecular reactors for photoredox transformations of fullerenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9249-9255. [PMID: 36092995 PMCID: PMC9384690 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01931k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal cavity formed by a dimeric subphthalocyanine (SubPc) capsule (SubPc2Pd3, 2), ensembled by coordination of pyridyl substituents in the monomeric SubPc 1 to Pd centers, has proved an optimal space for the complexation of C60 fullerene. Taking advantage of the intense absorption of green light of the SubPc component at around 550 nm, we have tested different green-light induced photoredox addition reactions over the double bonds of guest C60. Both addition of amine radicals, generated by reductive quenching of the excited state of 2 by aromatic trimethylsilylamines, and addition of trifluoroethyl radicals, obtained from oxidative quenching of the photosensitizer, have successfully taken place with good yields in the 2:C60 host:guest complex. On the other hand, both the photoredox reactions result in much lower yields when the monomeric pyridyl-SubPc is used as a photocatalyst, demonstrating that encapsulation results in a strong acceleration of the reaction. Importantly, this is the first example of the use of a confined microenvironment to trigger photoredox chemical transformations of fullerenes. A photoredox cage built by coordination of two pyridyl-subphthalocyanines to Pd centers has proved versatile and efficient to catalyze photoredox addition reactions over encapsulated C60.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno-Simoni
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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5
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming a promising way to treat various kinds of cancers, with few side effects. Porphyrinoids are the most relevant photosensitizers (PS) in PDT, because they present high extinction coefficients, biocompatibility, and excellent photochemical behavior. To maximize therapeutic effects, polymer‐PS conjugates, and PS‐loaded nanoparticles have been developed, with insights in improving tumor delivery. However, some drawbacks such as non‐biodegradability, multistep fabrication, and low reagent loadings limit their clinical application. A novel strategy, noted by some authors as the “one‐for‐all” approach, is emerging to circumvent the use of additional delivery agents. This approach relies on the self‐assembly of amphiphilic PS to fabricate nanostructures with improved transport properties. In this review we focus on different rational designs of porphyrinoid PS to achieve some of the following attributes in nanoassembly: i) selective uptake, through the incorporation of recognizable biological vectors; ii) responsiveness to stimuli; iii) combination of imaging and therapeutic functions; and iv) multimodal therapy, including photothermal or chemotherapy abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paramio
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Cordones AA, Pemmaraju CD, Lee JH, Zegkinoglou I, Ragoussi ME, Himpsel FJ, de la Torre G, Schoenlein RW. Excited-State Charge Distribution of a Donor-π-Acceptor Zn Porphyrin Probed by N K-Edge Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1182-1188. [PMID: 33480697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc porphyrin solar cell dyes with donor-π-acceptor architectures combine light absorber (π), electron-donor, and electron-acceptor moieties inside a single molecule with atomic precision. The donor-π-acceptor design promotes the separation of charge carriers following optical excitation. Here, we probe the excited-state electronic structure within such molecules by combining time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the N K-edge with first-principles time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Customized Zn porphyrins with strong-donor triphenylamine groups or weak-donor tri-tert-butylbenzene groups were synthesized. Energetically well-separated N K-edge absorption features simultaneously probe the excited-state electronic structure from the perspectives of the macrocycle and triphenylamine N atoms. New absorption transitions between the macrocycle N atoms and the excited-state HOMO vacancy are observed, and the triphenylamine associated absorption feature blue-shifts, consistent with partial oxidation of the donor groups in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - C Das Pemmaraju
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ioannis Zegkinoglou
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria-Eleni Ragoussi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Franz J Himpsel
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert W Schoenlein
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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7
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Bottari G, de la Torre G, Guldi DM, Torres T. An exciting twenty-year journey exploring porphyrinoid-based photo- and electro-active systems. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Fazio E, Jesús Vicente-Arana M, Teresa Alonso M, Torres T, de la Torre G. Selective guest recognition by a metallo-organic phthalocyanine-based host. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we have studied the selectivity in the complexation of fullerene species by a Fe[Formula: see text]Pc[Formula: see text] metallo-organic helicate (1) assembled using a bidentate phthalocyanine (Pc) as ligand. The large aromatic internal surface of this helicate shows a strong selectivity towards the encapsulation of C[Formula: see text] from a mixture of C[Formula: see text] and C[Formula: see text]. On the other hand, a bisimidazole-containing naphthalenediimide was used to perform guest exchange experiments over [fullerene [Formula: see text] 1] complexes, taking advantage of the strong coordination bond of the imidazole ring to the Zn centers in the Pc cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Fazio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Jesús Vicente-Arana
- Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Alonso
- Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia. C/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Revuelta-Maza MÁ, González-Jiménez P, Hally C, Agut M, Nonell S, de la Torre G, Torres T. Fluorine-substituted tetracationic ABAB-phthalocyanines for efficient photodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111957. [PMID: 31864170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of new amphiphilic phthalocyanines (Pcs), the study of their singlet oxygen generation capabilities, and biological assays to determine their potential as photosensitizers for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. In particular, Pcs with an ABAB geometry (where A and B refer to differently substituted isoindole constituents) have been synthesized. These molecules are endowed with bulky bis(trifluoromethylphenyl) groups in two facing isoindoles, which hinder aggregation and favour singlet oxygen generation, and pyridinium or alkylammonium moieties in the other two isoindoles. In particular, two water-soluble Pc derivatives (PS-1 and PS-2) have proved to be efficient in the photoinactivation of S. aureus and E. coli, selected as models of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cormac Hally
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Agut
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Urbani M, de la Torre G, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Phthalocyanines and porphyrinoid analogues as hole- and electron-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2738-2766. [PMID: 31033978 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite absorbers in combination with electron and hole transporting selective contacts result in power conversion efficiencies of over 23% under AM 1.5 sun conditions. The advantage of perovskite solar cells is their simple fabrication through solution-processing methods either in n-i-p or p-i-n configurations. Using TiO2 or SnO2 as an electron transporting layer, a compositionally engineered perovskite as an absorber layer, and Spiro-OMeTAD as a HTM, several groups have reported over 20% efficiency. Though perovskite solar cells reached comparable efficiency to that of crystalline silicon ones, their stability remains a bottleneck for commercialization partly due to the use of doped Spiro-OMeTAD. Several organic and inorganic hole transporting materials have been explored to increase the stability and power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. IIn this review, we analyse the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells incorporating phthalocyanine and porphyrin macrocycles as hole- and electron transporting materials. The π-π stacking orientation of these macrocycles on the perovskite surface is important in facilitating a vertical charge transport, resulting in high power conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, Valais Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950 Sion, Switzerland.
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Revuelta-Maza MA, Nonell S, de la Torre G, Torres T. Boosting the singlet oxygen photosensitization abilities of Zn(ii) phthalocyanines through functionalization with bulky fluorinated substituents. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7448-7454. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-aggregated, crosswise ZnPcs functionalized with bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups in facing isoindoles have proved efficient photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- 08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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13
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Fazio E, Winterfeld KA, López-Pérez A, Torres T, Guldi DM, de la Torre G. Synergy of light harvesting and energy transfer as well as short-range charge shift reactions in multicomponent conjugates. Nanoscale 2018; 10:22400-22408. [PMID: 30475370 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report herein on the design, the synthesis, and the characterization of a panchromatic, charge stabilizing electron donor-acceptor conjugate: (BBPA)3-ZnPor-ZnPc-SubPc 1. Each component, that is, bis(biphenyl)phenylamine (BBPA), Zn(ii) porphyrin (ZnPor), Zn(ii) phthalocyanine ZnPc, and subphthalocyanine (SubPc), has been carefully chosen and modified to enable a cascade of energy and charge transfer processes. On one hand, ZnPor, has been functionalized with three electron-donating BBPA as primary and secondary electron donors and to stabilize the final charge-separated state, and, on the other hand, a perfluorinated SubPc has been selected as ultimate electron acceptor. In addition, the ZnPc unit contains several trifluoromethylphenyl moieties to match its energy levels to those of the other components. In fact, irradiation of the heteroarray 1 triggers a cascade of light harvesting across the entire visible range, unidirectional energy transfer, exergonic charge separating, and short-range charge shifting to afford in 14% quantum yield a (BBPA)3˙+-ZnPor-ZnPc-SubPc˙- charge-separated state. The lifetime of the latter reaches well into the range of tens of nanoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Fazio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Fazio E, Haynes CJE, de la Torre G, Nitschke JR, Torres T. A giant M 2L 3 metallo-organic helicate based on phthalocyanines as a host for electroactive molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2651-2654. [PMID: 29473065 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented Fe2Pc3 metallo-organic helicate has been assembled using a bidentate phthalocyanine (Pc) ligand, 2-formylpyridine and Fe(OTf)2. This giant helicate has proved itself as a host for large redox-active guests such as fullerene and naphthalenediimide derivatives. Photoactivated electronic interactions between components occur in the host-guest complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Fazio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Abstract
Organic building blocks containing amines and aldehydes can be used for the preparation of complex metallo-organic structures, such as M[Formula: see text]L[Formula: see text] triple helicates or face-capped M[Formula: see text]L[Formula: see text] tetrahedral cages, through the formation of both dynamic covalent and coordinative linkages during the self-assembly process. Herein we describe how the subcomponent self-assembly method can be succesfully applied over a triamine-functionalized subphthalocyanine (SubPc) ligand to build metallo-supramolecular helicates. Two isomeric SubPcs (C[Formula: see text]-SubPc1 and C[Formula: see text]-SubPc1) have been prepared from the corresponding C[Formula: see text]-SubPcI[Formula: see text] and C[Formula: see text]-SubPcI[Formula: see text] precursors under optimized Suzuki conditions. We selected the tritopic C[Formula: see text]-SubPc1 derivative as ligand for the subcomponent self-assembly experiments, which involved the reaction with 2-formylpyridine and different Fe(II) salts. The self-assembly process was mainly studied by mass spectrometry (ESI direct injection techniques), and in all the conditions applied, we could observe the formation of helicate-type Fe[Formula: see text]SubPc[Formula: see text] structures and/or Fe[Formula: see text]SubPc[Formula: see text] species, which can be considered as open precursors of Fe[Formula: see text]SubPc[Formula: see text] tetrahedral cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ángel Revuelta-Maza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ettore Fazio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Fazio E, Jaramillo-García J, Medel M, Urbani M, Grätzel M, Nazeerudin MK, de la Torre G, Torres T. ABAB Phthalocyanines: Scaffolds for Building Unprecedented Donor-π-Acceptor Chromophores. ChemistryOpen 2016; 6:121-127. [PMID: 28168157 PMCID: PMC5288760 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique donor–π–acceptor phthalocyanines have been synthesized through the asymmetric functionalization of an ABAB phthalocyanine, crosswise functionalized with two iodine atoms through Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions with adequate electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor moieties. These push–pull molecules have been optically and electrochemically characterized, and their ability to perform as chromophores for dye‐sensitized solar cells has been tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Fazio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | | | - María Medel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain; IMDEA Nanocienciac/Faraday, 9 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid Spain; Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering School of Basic Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering School of Basic Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mohammad K Nazeerudin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering School of Basic Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain; IMDEA Nanocienciac/Faraday, 9 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid Spain
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Abstract
This review, dedicated to Professor Tomás Torres on the occasion of his 65th birthday, offers an overview of the main achievements in his research career. Having a strong background in organic chemistry, he and his group have constantly devoted much effort to the development of synthetic methods towards novel systems based on phthalocyanines and other porphyrinoid analogues. Not less important, the founding of solid collaborations with other prominent scientists has led to study the physicochemical properties of these [Formula: see text]-conjugated dyes, and to evaluate their potential application in multidisciplinary areas such as self-assembly, nanochemistry, optoelectronics and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David González-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Langmar O, Ganivet CR, de la Torre G, Torres T, Costa RD, Guldi DM. Optimizing CuO p-type dye-sensitized solar cells by using a comprehensive electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study. Nanoscale 2016; 8:17963-17975. [PMID: 27731456 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel and comprehensive approach for the evaluation and interpretation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in p-type DSSCs. In detail, we correlate both the device performance and EIS figures-of-merit of a series of devices in which, the calcination temperature, film thickness, and electrolyte concentration have been systematically modified. This new approach enables the separation of the different processes across the dye/semiconductor/electrolyte interface, namely the unfavorable charge recombination and the favorable electron injection/regeneration processes. In addition, studies on non-sensitized CuO and NiO electrodes provide insights into their affinity towards a reaction with the electrolyte - CuO is far less reactive towards the polyiodide species. Overall, this work underlines the superior features of CuO with respect to NiO for p-DSSCs and demonstrates a comprehensive optimization of the CuO-based DSSCs with respect to the device architecture by the aid of EIS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Langmar
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Carolina R Ganivet
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Institute for Advanced Research In Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Institute for Advanced Research In Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Institute for Advanced Research In Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia c/ Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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19
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Bottari G, de la Torre G, Torres T. Phthalocyanine-nanocarbon ensembles: from discrete molecular and supramolecular systems to hybrid nanomaterials. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:900-10. [PMID: 25837299 DOI: 10.1021/ar5004384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are macrocyclic and aromatic compounds that present unique electronic features such as high molar absorption coefficients, rich redox chemistry, and photoinduced energy/electron transfer abilities that can be modulated as a function of the electronic character of their counterparts in donor-acceptor (D-A) ensembles. In this context, carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and, more recently, graphene are among the most suitable Pc "companions". Pc-C60 ensembles have been for a long time the main actors in this field, due to the commercial availability of C60 and the well-established synthetic methods for its functionalization. As a result, many Pc-C60 architectures have been prepared, featuring different connectivities (covalent or supramolecular), intermolecular interactions (self-organized or molecularly dispersed species), and Pc HOMO/LUMO levels. All these elements provide a versatile toolbox for tuning the photophysical properties in terms of the type of process (photoinduced energy/electron transfer), the nature of the interactions between the electroactive units (through bond or space), and the kinetics of the formation/decay of the photogenerated species. Some recent trends in this field include the preparation of stimuli-responsive multicomponent systems with tunable photophysical properties and highly ordered nanoarchitectures and surface-supported systems showing high charge mobilities. A breakthrough in the Pc-nanocarbon field was the appearance of CNTs and graphene, which opened a new avenue for the preparation of intriguing photoresponsive hybrid ensembles showing light-stimulated charge separation. The scarce solubility of these 1-D and 2-D nanocarbons, together with their lower reactivity with respect to C60 stemming from their less strained sp(2) carbon networks, has not meant an unsurmountable limitation for the preparation of variety of Pc-based hybrids. These systems, which show improved solubility and dispersibility features, bring together the unique electronic transport properties of CNTs and graphene with the excellent light-harvesting and tunable redox properties of Pcs. A singular and distinctive feature of these Pc-CNT/graphene (single- or few-layers) hybrid materials is the control of the direction of the photoinduced charge transfer as a result of the band-like electronic structure of these carbon nanoforms and the adjustable electronic levels of Pcs. Moreover, these conjugates present intensified light-harvesting capabilities resulting from the grafting of several chromophores on the same nanocarbon platform. In this Account, recent progress in the construction of covalent and supramolecular Pc-nanocarbon ensembles is summarized, with a particular emphasis on their photoinduced behavior. We believe that the high degree of control achieved in the preparation of Pc-carbon nanostructures, together with the increasing knowledge of the factors governing their photophysics, will allow for the design of next-generation light-fueled electroactive systems. Possible implementation of these Pc-nanocarbons in high performance devices is envisioned, finally turning into reality much of the expectations generated by these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bottari
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - Tomas Torres
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Strauβ V, Gallego A, Torre GDL, Chamberlain TW, Khlobystov AN, Torres T, Guldi DM. Creating and testing carbon interfaces - integrating oligomeric phthalocyanines onto single walled carbon nanotubes. Faraday Discuss 2014; 172:61-79. [PMID: 25426830 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two oligomers, that is, para-phenylenevinylene with either pendant Pd(ii)Pc or Zn(ii)Pc units, have been synthesized and their interactions with SWCNTs and peapods - C60@SWCNT - have been probed by complementary spectroscopy and microscopy. Spectroscopy assisted mainly in shedding light onto electronic interactions in the ground and excited state, while microscopy enabled insights into the degree of individualizing SWCNTs/C60@SWCNTs and their stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Strauβ
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Fazio
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Jaramillo-García
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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22
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Ragoussi ME, Katsukis G, Roth A, Malig J, de la Torre G, Guldi DM, Torres T. Electron-Donating Behavior of Few-Layer Graphene in Covalent Ensembles with Electron-Accepting Phthalocyanines. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4593-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411830x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Ragoussi
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Georgios Katsukis
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Alexandra Roth
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jenny Malig
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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23
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Ragoussi ME, Yum JH, Chandiran AK, Ince M, de la Torre G, Grätzel M, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Sterically hindered phthalocyanines for dye-sensitized solar cells: influence of the distance between the aromatic core and the anchoring group. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:1033-6. [PMID: 24590767 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new phthalocyanine (Pc) bearing bulky peripheral substituents and a carboxylic anchoring group directly attached to the macrocycle has been prepared and used as a sensitizer in DSSCs, reaching 5.57% power conversion efficiency. In addition, an enhanced performance for the TT40 dye, previously reported by us, was achieved in optimized devices, obtaining a new record efficiency with Pc-sensitized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Ragoussi
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
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d'Ambrosio P, Carchesio M, d'Alessandro N, de la Torre G, Torres T. Linking Pd(ii) and Ru(ii) phthalocyanines to single-walled carbon nanotubes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:7473-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of novel, covalent Pd(ii)-SWCNT and Ru(ii)(bipyridyl)Pc-SWCNT hybrid materials by means of two-step synthetic procedures is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primiano d'Ambrosio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid, Spain
- Department of Engineering and Geology (INGEO)
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara
| | - Manuela Carchesio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid, Spain
- Department of Engineering and Geology (INGEO)
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara
| | - Nicola d'Alessandro
- Department of Engineering and Geology (INGEO)
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara
- Pescara, Italy
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia
- Facultad de Ciencias
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Roth A, Ragoussi ME, Wibmer L, Katsukis G, Torre GDL, Torres T, Guldi DM. Electron-accepting phthalocyanine–pyrene conjugates: towards liquid phase exfoliation of graphite and photoactive nanohybrid formation with graphene. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00709c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exfoliation of graphite by ultrasonication in the presence of electron-accepting pyrene–phthalocyanines and photophysical characterization of the resulting nanoconjugate are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria-Eleni Ragoussi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco
- 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonie Wibmer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgios Katsukis
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco
- 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco
- 28049-Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia
- 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Ragoussi ME, de la Torre G, Torres T. Tuning the Electronic Properties of Porphyrin Dyes: Effects ofmesoSubstitution on Their Optical and Electrochemical Behaviour. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ragoussi ME, Casado S, Ribeiro-Viana R, Torre GDL, Rojo J, Torres T. Selective carbohydrate–lectin interactions in covalent graphene- and SWCNT-based molecular recognition systems. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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28
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de la Torre G, Bottari G, Sekita M, Hausmann A, Guldi DM, Torres T. A voyage into the synthesis and photophysics of homo- and heterobinuclear ensembles of phthalocyanines and porphyrins. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8049-105. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pereira AM, Soares AR, Calvete MJ, de la Torre G. Recent developments in the synthesis of homo- and heteroarrays of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the progress in the chemistry of porphyrin-phthalocyanine and phthalocyanine-phthalocyanie multinuclear systems being developed by the organic chemistry groups of Cavaleiro and Torres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M.V.M. Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana R.M. Soares
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mário J.F. Calvete
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
This paper presents the work developed in Spain, in collaboration with other European groups, on the synthesis and photovoltaic applications of hybrid systems comprised of single-walled nanotubes linked to either phthalocyanine or porphyrin moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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31
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de Loos F, de la Torre G, Torres T, Cornelissen JJLM, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Construction of phthalocyanine-terminated polystyrene nanoarchitectures. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Femke de Loos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Radboud University Nijmegen; Toernooiveld 1 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia; c/ Faraday, 6, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Jeroen J. L. M. Cornelissen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Radboud University Nijmegen; Toernooiveld 1 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Radboud University Nijmegen; Toernooiveld 1 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Radboud University Nijmegen; Toernooiveld 1 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
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32
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Abstract
A brief overview is presented on the status of the synthesis of unsymmetric phthalocyanines and related compounds. The main aim of this paper is to describe the key problems and the interest in synthesizing new functionalized unsymmetric phthalocyanine systems. Some phthalocyanine homologues and analogues like subphthalocyanines and expanded phthalocyanines are also treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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33
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Cid JJ, Duchateau J, Van Severen I, Ganivet CR, de la Torre G, Vázquez P, Cleij T, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Torres T. Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight phthalocyanine-PPV copolymers through post-polymerization functionalization. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611003562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High molecular weight poly(p-phenylenenevinylene) PPV copolymers laterally substituted with zinc (II) phthalocyanines ( Zn(II)Pc -PPV 1 and 2) have been synthesized by means of post-polymerization functionalization reactions through DCC-mediated esterifications between hydroxy-phthalocyanines 4 and 6 and carboxy-bearer PPV copolymers, comprising 2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MDMO-PPV) and 1,4-(2-(5-carboxypentyloxy)-5-methoxyphenylenevinylene (CPM-PPV) units in a 9:1 (3) and 1:1 (5) ratio, respectively. The resulting copolymer 1 contains a 7 mol % of Pc molecules, while copolymer 2, which is isolated as the soluble fraction of the reaction with the starting 1:1 copolymer (namely having around 50% of COOH -containing monomeric units), holds a 9 mol % of zinc(II) phthalocyanines. 1 and 2 were fully characterized by 1H NMR, UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-José Cid
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Duchateau
- University Hasselt Institute for Materials Research, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ineke Van Severen
- University Hasselt Institute for Materials Research, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Carolina R. Ganivet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Cleij
- University Hasselt Institute for Materials Research, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutsen
- Division IMOMEC, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- University Hasselt Institute for Materials Research, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Division IMOMEC, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Campo BJ, Duchateau J, Ganivet CR, Ballesteros B, Gilot J, Wienk MM, Oosterbaan WD, Lutsen L, Cleij TJ, de la Torre G, Janssen RAJ, Vanderzande D, Torres T. Broadening the absorption of conjugated polymers by "click" functionalization with phthalocyanines. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:3979-88. [PMID: 21416102 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01348j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated copolymer derivatives of poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) containing 10% of alkyne functionalities in the side chains have been prepared using the sulfinyl precursor route and the Rieke method, respectively. With the aim of expanding the absorption range of these conjugated polymers for their use in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer:fullerene solar cells, appropriate phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules have been covalently bound through a post-polymerization "click chemistry" reaction between the alkyne functionalities in the side chains of the copolymers and a Pc functionalized with an azide moiety. The resulting poly(p-phenylenevinylene)-Pc (PPV-Pc) material holds a 9 mol% content of Pcs, while the polythiophene-Pc material (PT-Pc) contains a 8 mol% of Pc-functionalization in the side chains. As expected, the presence of the Pc contributes to the extension of the absorption up to 700 nm. BHJ solar cells have been prepared using PPV-Pc and PT-Pc materials in combination with PCBM. Although the Pc absorption contributes to the generation of photocurrent, the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCE) obtained from these cells are lower than those obtained with BHJ P3HT:PCBM (1:1) and MDMO-PPV:PCBM (1:4) solar cells. A plausible explanation could be the moderate solubility of the PPV-Pc and PT-Pc materials that limits the processing into thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert J Campo
- Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek Institute for Materials Research Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Bartelmess J, Ballesteros B, de la Torre G, Kiessling D, Campidelli S, Prato M, Torres T, Guldi DM. Phthalocyanine−Pyrene Conjugates: A Powerful Approach toward Carbon Nanotube Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16202-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja107131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Bartelmess
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, and IMDEA Nanociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco,
| | - Beatriz Ballesteros
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, and IMDEA Nanociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco,
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, and IMDEA Nanociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco,
| | - Daniel Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, and IMDEA Nanociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco,
| | - Stephane Campidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, and IMDEA Nanociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco,
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, and IMDEA Nanociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco,
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, and IMDEA Nanociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco,
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy, and IMDEA Nanociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco,
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Bottari G, de la Torre G, Guldi DM, Torres T. Covalent and noncovalent phthalocyanine-carbon nanostructure systems: synthesis, photoinduced electron transfer, and application to molecular photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6768-816. [PMID: 20364812 DOI: 10.1021/cr900254z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Díaz MV, de la Torre G, Torres T. Lighting porphyrins and phthalocyanines for molecular photovoltaics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7090-108. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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García-Frutos EM, de la Torre G, Vázquez P, Shirk JS, Torres T. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Regioisomerically Pure Alkynyl-Bridged Bis(phthalocyanines). European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Campidelli S, Ballesteros B, Filoramo A, Díaz DD, de la Torre G, Torres T, Rahman GMA, Ehli C, Kiessling D, Werner F, Sgobba V, Guldi DM, Cioffi C, Prato M, Bourgoin JP. Facile Decoration of Functionalized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Phthalocyanines via “Click Chemistry”. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11503-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8033262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Campidelli
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Beatriz Ballesteros
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Arianna Filoramo
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Tomás Torres
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - G. M. Aminur Rahman
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Christian Ehli
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Daniel Kiessling
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Fabian Werner
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Vito Sgobba
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Carla Cioffi
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
| | - Jean-Philippe Bourgoin
- Laboratoire d’Electronique Moléculaire, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale
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Gouloumis A, Rahman GMA, Abel J, de la Torre G, Vázquez P, Echegoyen L, Guldi DM, Torres T. Flavin Core as Electron Acceptor Component in a Zinc(II)-Phthalocyanine-Based Dyad. Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A zinc(ii)-phthalocyanine-flavin dyad has been synthesized by Heck-type cross-coupling between a flavin that bears a p-iodophenyl group and a phthalocyanine functionalized with a vinyl moiety. Electrochemical experiments reveal that no significant interaction occurs at the ground state between the two electroactive subunits. However, the occurrence of a photoinduced electron transfer in this donor–acceptor conjugate is observed in transient absorption experiments. Charge-separation (i.e., 4.0 × 1011 s–1) and charge-recombination dynamics in benzonitrile (2.2 × 1010 s–1) reveal a remarkable stabilization of the radical ion pair in this solvent.
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41
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Ballesteros B, Torre GDL, Ehli C, Rahman GMA, Agulló-Rueda F, Guldi DM, Torres T. Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Bearing Covalently Linked Phthalocyanines − Photoinduced Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5061-8. [PMID: 17397152 DOI: 10.1021/ja068240n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been sidewall-functionalized with phthalocyanine addends following two different approaches: a straightforward Prato reaction with N-octylglycine and a formyl-containing phthalocyanine, and a stepwise approach that involves a former Prato cycloaddition to the double bonds of SWNTs using p-formyl benzoic acid followed by esterification of the derivatized nanotubes with an appropriate phthalocyanine molecule. The two materials obtained by these routes comprise different carbon/Pc-addenda ratios, as evidenced by Raman, TGA, and photophysical studies. The occurrence of electron transfer from photoexcited phthalocyanines to the nanotube framework in these ZnPc-SWNT ensembles is observed in transient absorption experiments, which confirm the absorption of the one-electron oxidized ZnPc cation and the concomitant bleaching of the van Hove singularities typical from SWNTs. Charge-separation (i.e., 2.0 x 1010 s(-1)) and charge-recombination (i.e., 1.5 x 106 s(-1)) dynamics reveal a notable stabilization of the radical ion pair product in dimethylformamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química OrgAnica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049-Madrid, Spain
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Ballesteros B, Campidelli S, de la Torre G, Ehli C, Guldi DM, Prato M, Torres T. Synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of a SWNT-phthalocyanine hybrid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2950-2. [PMID: 17622441 DOI: 10.1039/b702819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization and photophysical features of a new nanometer scale carbon nanostructure, that is, a single-wall carbon nanotube bearing phthalocyanine chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Phthalocyanines are versatile building blocks for fabricating materials at the nanometer scale. These colored macrocycles exhibit fascinating physical properties which arise from their delocalized pi-electronic structure. This article describes why these molecules are targets for different scientific purposes and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Maya EM, de la Torre G, Lozano AE, Torres T, de la Campa JG, de Abajo J. Novel Cobalt (II) Phthalocyanine-Containing Polyimides: Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal and Optical Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Doyle JJ, Ballesteros B, de la Torre G, McGovern DA, Kelly JM, Torres T, Blau WJ. Combination of phthalocyanine and fullerene moieties for optical limiting. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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de la Torre G, Giacalone F, Segura JL, Martín N, Guldi DM. Electronic communication through pi-conjugated wires in covalently linked porphyrin/C60 ensembles. Chemistry 2006; 11:1267-80. [PMID: 15635684 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Novel photo- and electroactive triads, in which pi-conjugated p-phenylenevinylene oligomers (oPPVs) of different length are connected to a photoexcited-state electron donor (i.e., zinc tetraphenylporphyrin) and an electron acceptor (i.e., C(60)), were designed, synthesized, and tested as electron-transfer model systems. A detailed physicochemical investigation, concentrating mainly on long-range charge separation and charge recombination and kinetics, revealed small attenuation factors beta of 0.03+/-0.005 A(-1). Energy matching between the HOMO levels of C(60) and oPPVs emerged as a key parameter for supporting molecular-wire-like behavior: It favors rapid and efficient electron or hole injection into the oPPV wires. Large electronic coupling values were determined as a result of paraconjugation in the oPPV moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema de la Torre
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Ballesteros B, de la Torre G, Torres T, Hug GL, Rahman GA, Guldi DM. Synthesis and photophysical characterization of a titanium(IV) phthalocyanine–C60 supramolecular dyad. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guldi DM, Giacalone F, de la Torre G, Segura JL, Martín N. Topological Effects of a Rigid Chiral Spacer on the Electronic Interactions in Donor–Acceptor Ensembles. Chemistry 2005; 11:7199-210. [PMID: 16163762 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two triads (donor-spacer-acceptor), exTTF-BN-C60 (6) and ZnP-BN-C60 (7), in which electron donors (i.e., exTTF or ZnP) are covalently linked to C60 through a chiral binaphthyl bridge (BN), have been prepared in a multistep synthetic procedure starting from a highly soluble enantiomerically pure binaphthyl building block (1). Unlike other oligomeric bridges, with binaphthyl bridges, the conjugation between the donor and the acceptor units is broken and geometric conformational changes are facilitated. Consequently, distances and electronic interactions between the donor and C60 are drastically changed. Both donor-spacer-acceptor (D-s-A) systems (i.e., 6 and 7) exhibit redox processes that correspond to all three constituent electroactive units, namely, donor, BN, and C60. Appreciable differences were, however, observed when comparing triad 6, in which no significant exTTF-C60 interactions were noted, with D-s-A 7, whose geometry favors donor-acceptor and pi-pi interactions that result in ZnP-C60 electronic communication. This through-space interaction is, for example, reflected in the redox potentials. Excited-state studies, carried out by fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, also support through-space rather than through-bond interactions. Although both triads form the corresponding radical-ion pair, that is, exTTF*+-BN-C60*- and ZnP*+-BN-C60*-, dramatic differences were found in their lifetimes: 165 micros and 730 ns, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Guldi
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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de la Torre G, Vázquez P, Agulló-López F, Torres T. Role of structural factors in the nonlinear optical properties of phthalocyanines and related compounds. Chem Rev 2005; 104:3723-50. [PMID: 15352778 DOI: 10.1021/cr030206t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 956] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
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García-Frutos EM, O'Flaherty SM, Maya EM, de la Torre G, Blau W, Vázquez P, Torres T. Alkynyl substituted phthalocyanine derivatives as targets for optical limiting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b210707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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