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Chen CH, Yang Y, Ke JP, Yang Z, Li JY, Zhang YX, Liu G, Liu Z, Yao G, Bao GH. Novel Flavonol Alkaloids in Green Tea: Synthesis, Detection, and Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Effect in a Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans CL4176 Model. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:3695-3706. [PMID: 38324412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Novel N-ethy-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavonols, myricetin alkaloids A-C (1-3), quercetin alkaloids A-C (4a, 4b, and 5), and kaempferol alkaloids A and B (6 and 7), were prepared from thermal reaction products of myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol─l-theanine, respectively. We used HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS to detect 1-7 in 14 cultivars of green tea and found that they were all present in "Shuchazao," "Longjing 43", "Fudingdabai", and "Zhongcha 108" green teas. The structures of 1-4 and 6 were determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies. These flavonol alkaloids along with their skeletal flavonols were assessed for anti-Alzheimer's disease effect based on molecular docking, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans CL4176 model. Compound 7 strongly binds to the protein amyloid β (Aβ1-42) through hydrogen bonds (BE: -9.5 kcal/mol, Ki: 114.3 nM). Compound 3 (100 μM) is the strongest one in significantly extending the mean lifespan (13.4 ± 0.5 d, 43.0% promotion), delaying the Aβ1-42-induced paralysis (PT50: 40.7 ± 1.9 h, 17.1% promotion), enhancing the locomotion (140.0% promotion at 48 h), and alleviating glutamic acid (Glu)-induced neurotoxicity (153.5% promotion at 48 h) of CL4176 worms (p < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Chen
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Xing Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guangmin Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
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Zhao C, Qu J, Peng F, Lu R, Bao GH, Huang B, Hu F. Cyclic Peptides from the Opportunistic Pathogen Basidiobolus meristosporus. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:1885-1890. [PMID: 37550948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Three new cyclic peptides, meristosporins A, B, and C (1-3), one of which features an unusual amino acid, were isolated from the opportunistic pathogen Basidiobolus meristosporus and identified by 1D, 2D NMR, MS/MS, and Marfey's analysis. The biosynthetic pathway of the hexapeptide meristosporin A (1) was deduced based on nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 and 293T cells, respectively. These compounds may be involved in the fungal injury caused to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Fungal Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Qu
- Engineering Research Center of Fungal Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Fungal Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Fungal Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Fungal Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Fungal Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, People's Republic of China
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Chen CH, Yu JY, Yang Z, Ke JP, Qi Y, Yang Y, Gao B, Yao G, Bao GH. Novel methylated flavoalkaloids from Echa 1 green tea inhibit fat accumulation and enhance stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Chem 2023; 413:135643. [PMID: 36773353 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Methylation is a common structural modification of catechins in tea, which can improve the bioavailability of catechins. Flavoalkaloids are catechin derivatives with a nitrogen containing five-membered ring at the C-6 or C-8 position. Here we isolated three new methylated flavoalkaloids from Echa 1 green tea (Camellia sinensis cv. Echa 1) and synthesized another four new methylated flavoalkaloids. The structures of the new ester-type methylated catechins (etmc)-pyrrolidinone A-G (1-7) were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), optical rotation, infrared, UV-vis, experimental and calculated circular dichroism (CD) spectra, and high-resolution mass. Among them, 6 and 7 showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and significantly lowered lipid content of Caenorhabditis elegans with 73.50 and 67.39% inhibition rate, respectively. Meanwhile, 6 and 7 also exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro and stress resistance to heat, oxidative stress, and UV irradiation in nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Chen
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jing-Ya Yu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yan Qi
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Biao Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Guangmin Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Healthy Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Liu G, Huang K, Ke J, Chen C, Bao GH, Wan X. Novel Camellia sinensis O-Methyltransferase Regulated by CsMADSL1 Specifically Methylates EGCG in Cultivar "GZMe4". J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:6706-6716. [PMID: 37094255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-O-methyl)gallate (EGCG4″Me) in Camellia sinensis possesses numerous beneficial biological activities. However, the germplasm rich in EGCG4″Me and the O-methyltransferase responsible for EGCG4″Me biosynthesis are poorly understood. Herein, the content of EGCG3″Me and EGCG4″Me in the shoots of 13 cultivars was analyzed to demonstrate that EGCG4″Me is characteristically accumulated in the "GZMe4" cultivar but not in the other 12 cultivars. A novel O-methyltransferase (CsOMTL1) was identified from "GZMe4" using RNA-Seq and correlation analysis. Using the recombinant enzyme, EGCG4″Me was synthesized in vitro. Overexpression of CsOMTL1 via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation caused constitutive accumulation of EGCG4″Me in C. sinensis callus. Moreover, the transcription factor CsMADSL1 localized in the nucleus activated the transcription of CsOMTL1 and specifically interacted with its promoter. Hence, our study identified a novel O-methyltransferase that characteristically catalyzes the synthesis of EGCG4″Me and a positive regulator of EGCG4″Me synthesis in "GZMe4", which might provide a strategy for the breeding of a tea cultivar rich in EGCG4″Me.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kelin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiaping Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chenhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Yang Z, Wang W, Qi Y, Yang Y, Chen CH, Liu JZ, Chu GX, Bao GH. Exploring new catechin derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitors from tea by molecular networking, surface plasma resonance, enzyme inhibition, induced fit docking, and metadynamics simulations. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106288. [PMID: 36401970 PMCID: PMC9652097 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (Mpro) is the critical cysteine protease in coronavirus viral replication. Tea polyphenols are effective Mpro inhibitors. Therefore, we aim to isolate and synthesize more novel tea polyphenols from Zhenghedabai (ZHDB) white tea methanol-water (MW) extracts that might inhibit COVID-19. Through molecular networking, 33 compounds were identified and divided into 5 clusters. Further, natural products molecular network (MN) analysis showed that MN1 has new phenylpropanoid-substituted ester-catechin (PSEC), and MN5 has the important basic compound type hydroxycinnamoylcatechins (HCCs). Thus, a new PSEC (1, PSEC636) was isolated, which can be further detected in 14 green tea samples. A series of HCCs were synthesized (2-6), including three new acetylated HCCs (3-5). Then we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to analyze the equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) for the interaction of 12 catechins and Mpro. The KD values of PSEC636 (1), EGC-C (2), and EC-CDA (3) were 2.25, 2.81, and 2.44 μM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed the potential Mpro inhibition with IC50 5.95 ± 0.17, 9.09 ± 0.22, and 23.10 ± 0.69 μM, respectively. Further, we used induced fit docking (IFD), binding pose metadynamics (BPMD), and molecular dynamics (MD) to explore the stable binding pose of Mpro-1, showing that 1 could tightly bond with the amino acid residues THR26, HIS41, CYS44, TYR54, GLU166, and ASP187. The computer modeling studies reveal that the ester, acetyl, and pyrogallol groups could improve inhibitory activity. Our research suggests that these catechins are effective Mpro inhibitors, and might be developed as therapeutics against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237012, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Chen-Hui Chen
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jia-Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- School of Information and Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China,Corresponding author
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China,Corresponding author
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Ke JP, Yu JY, Gao B, Hu FL, Xu FQ, Yao G, Bao GH. Two new catechins from Zijuan green tea enhance the fitness and lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via insulin-like signaling pathways. Food Funct 2022; 13:9299-9310. [PMID: 35968754 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols show positive effects on human health and longevity. However, knowledge of the antiaging properties of green tea is limited to the major catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The search for new ingredients in tea with strong antiaging activity deserves further study. Here we isolated and identified two new catechins from Zijuan green tea, named zijuanin E (1) and zijuanin F (2). Their structures were identified by extensive high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HR-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet-vis (UV), infrared (IR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analyses, and their 13C NMR and CD data were calculated. We used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to analyze the health benefits and longevity effects of 1 and 2. Compounds 1 and 2 (100 μM) remarkably prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans by 67.2% and 56.0%, respectively, delaying the age-related decline of phenotypes, enhancing stress resistance, and reducing ROS and lipid accumulation. Furthermore, 1 and 2 did not affect the lifespan of daf-16, daf-2, sir-2.1, and skn-1 mutant worms, suggesting that they might work via the insulin/IGF and SKN-1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. Meanwhile, 1 and 2 also exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) evidence suggests that zijuanins E and F have strong human serum albumin (HSA) binding ability. Together, zijuanins E and F represent a new valuable class of tea components that promote healthspan and could be developed as potential dietary therapies against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Ya Yu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biao Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Feng-Lin Hu
- Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Feng-Qing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Guangmin Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Z, Li L, Chen CH, Zhang YY, Yang Y, Zhang P, Bao GH. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of 12 medicinal plant ethyl acetate extracts using LC-MS feature-based molecular networking. Phytochem Anal 2022; 33:473-489. [PMID: 35042282 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Widespread use of antibiotics has led to an increase in bacterial multiple drug resistance, thereby searching for natural antimicrobial agents from plants becomes an effective and alternative approach. In the present study, we selected six foodborne bacteria to evaluate the antibacterial activities of 12 medicinal plants ethyl acetate (EA) extracts. OBJECTIVE This study aims to search for natural antibiotic substitutes from plant extracts. The antibacterial components were further discussed through chemometric and mass spectroscopic analyses. METHODOLOGY Agar well diffusion and the microdilution methods were used to test the antibacterial activity. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were used to judge the active phytochemicals. To further characterise the potential antibacterial components, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) coupled with Pearson correlation and feature-based molecular network (FBMN) were proposed. RESULTS Most of the plant extracts possessed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi. Toona sinensis shoots and Firmiana simplex barks showed high inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Escherichia coli strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.56, 0.78, and 0.39 mg/mL, respectively. Salmonella typhi was highly sensitive to Firmiana simplex barks with an inhibitory diameter up to 21.67 ± 0.95 mm, and MIC at 0.78 mg/mL. Moreover, Toona sinensis shoots and Firmiana simplex barks had the highest TPCs. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that Toona sinensis shoots, Koelreuteria paniculate seeds, and Firmiana simplex barks could be supplied as potential sources of antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, 36 potential bioactive compounds were identified mainly as polyphenols, glycosides, and terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilisation, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilisation, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Hui Chen
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilisation, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilisation, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilisation, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilisation, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilisation, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
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Liu SY, Wang W, Ke JP, Zhang P, Chu GX, Bao GH. Discovery of Camellia sinensis catechins as SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitors through molecular docking, intra and extra cellular assays. Phytomedicine 2022; 96:153853. [PMID: 34799184 PMCID: PMC8575542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies suggest that major Camellia sinensis (tea) catechins can inhibit 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), inspiring us to study 3CLpro inhibition of the recently discovered catechins from tea by our group. METHODS Autodock was used to dock 3CLpro and 16 tea catechins. Further, a 3CLpro activity detection system was used to test their intra and extra cellular 3CLpro inhibitory activity. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to analyze the dissociation constant (KD) between the catechins and 3CLpro. RESULTS Docking data suggested that 3CLpro interacted with the selected 16 catechins with low binding energy through the key amino acid residues Thr24, Thr26, Asn142, Gly143, His163, and Gln189. The selected catechins other than zijuanin D (3) and (-)-8-(5''R)-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-3-O-cinnamoylepicatechin (11) can inhibit 3CLpro intracellularly. The extracellular 3CLpro IC50 values of (-)-epicatechin 3-O-caffeoate (EC-C, 1), zijuanin C (2), etc-pyrrolidinone C and D (6), etc-pyrrolidinone A (9), (+)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) are 1.58 ± 0.21, 41.2 ± 3.56, 0.90 ± 0.03, 46.71 ± 10.50, 3.38 ± 0.48, and 71.78 ± 8.36 µM, respectively. The KD values of 1, 6, and GCG are 4.29, 3.46, and 3.36 µM, respectively. CONCLUSION Together, EC-C (1), etc-pyrrolidinone C and D (6), and GCG are strong 3CLpro inhibitors. Our results suggest that structural modification of catechins could be conducted by esterificating the 3-OH as well as changing the configuration of C-3, C-3''' or C-5''' to discover strong SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Liu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237000, China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- School of information and computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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Hou ZW, Chen CH, Ke JP, Zhang YY, Qi Y, Liu SY, Yang Z, Ning JM, Bao GH. α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities and the Interaction Mechanism of Novel Spiro-Flavoalkaloids from YingDe Green Tea. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:136-148. [PMID: 34964344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavoalkaloids are a unique class of compounds in tea, most of which have an N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone moiety substituted at the A ring of a catechin skeleton. 1-Ethyl-5-hydroxy-pyrrolidone, a decomposed product of theanine, was supposed to be the key intermediate to form tea flavoalkaloids. However, we have also detected another possible theanine intermediate, 1-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, and speculated if there are related conjugated catechins. Herein, four novel spiro-flavoalkaloids with a spiro-γ-lactone structural moiety were isolated from Yingde green tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) in our continuing exploration of new chemical constituents from tea. The structures of the new compounds, spiro-flavoalkaloids A-D (1-4), were further elucidated by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy together with the calculated 13C NMR, IR, UV-vis, high-resolution mass, optical rotation, experimental, and calculated circular dichroism spectra. We also provided an alternative pathway to produce these novel spiro-flavoalkaloids. Additionally, their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were determined with IC50 values of 3.34 (1), 5.47 (2), 22.50 (3), and 15.38 (4) μM. Docking results revealed that compounds 1 and 2 mainly interacted with residues ASP-215, ARG-442, ASP-352, GLU-411, HIS-280, ARG-315, and ASN-415 of α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonds. The fluorescence intensity of α-glucosidase could be quenched by compounds 1 and 2 in a static style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Hou
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Chen-Hui Chen
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Shi-Yu Liu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Jing-Ming Ning
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
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10
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Wang P, Huang Y, Ren J, Rong Y, Fan L, Zhang P, Zhang X, Xi J, Mao S, Su M, Zhang B, Bao GH, Wu F. Large-leaf yellow tea attenuates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cells injury by up-regulating autophagy and down-regulating oxidative stress. Food Funct 2022; 13:1890-1905. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03405g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells injury induced by high glucose (HG) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic vascular complications. Yellow tea has a protective effect on vascular...
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11
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Liu SY, Zhang YY, Chu GX, Bao GH. N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone substitution enhances binding affinity between tea flavoalkaloids and human serum albumin: Greatly influenced by esterization. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 262:120097. [PMID: 34182296 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Formation of catechins-human serum albumin (HSA) complex contributes to stably transporting catechins and regulating their bioavailability. Recently, a new class of catechins namely flavoalkaloids have been reported from tea. The unique structural modification with an N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone ring at catechins from these flavoalkaloids has raised our interest in their HSA binding affinity. Thus, we investigated the interaction between HSA and flavoalkaloids by molecular docking, UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV), fluorescence quenching approaches, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Thermodynamic parameters suggest that electrostatic forces contribute greatly to the interaction. The binding ability is affected by different ester group (galloyl or cinnamoyl) at 3-OH, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone substituted position (C-6 or C-8), C-2, C-3 and C-5''' configurations, and hydroxyl group numbers at B ring, among which the 3-O-cinnamoyl substitution and 5'''-R configuration present the strongest contributions. UV showed slight changes in the conformation and microenvironment of HSA during the binding process. The quenching and binding constants suggest that the quenching is a static type. The small KD values (1-20 μM) detected by SPR confirmed the strong binding affinities between HSA and flavoalkaloids. Present study will help us to understand the interaction mechanism between flavoalkaloids and HSA, shedding light on structural modification of common catechins to enhance the stability, bioavailability and bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Liu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Hu QM, Yang Z, Zhang YY, Bao GH. Efficient development of antibacterial (−) -epigallocatechin gallate-PBCA nanoparticles using ethyl acetate as oil phase through interfacial polymerization. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Hua F, Zhou P, Liu PP, Bao GH. Rat plasma protein binding of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside from Lu'an GuaPian tea and its anti-inflammatory mechanism for cardiovascular protection. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13749. [PMID: 34041764 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous study found a high content of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (KR) in Lu'an GuaPian tea, however, the rat plasma protein binding and mechanism of KR for cardiovascular protection are unclear. Thus, we studied plasma protein binding using ultrafiltration followed by UPLC, and screened its inhibition against LPS-induced inflammation injury in vitro as well as the underlying mechanism by molecular docking and western blot. KR showed over 74% plasma protein binding ratio. Furthermore, KR may act on the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). In vitro experiments showed that KR decreases the overexpression of TLR4, MyD88, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which further validates the molecular docking results, suggesting that KR could block TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. These results indicate that KR could be a potential active agent in the protection of myocardial injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Health benefits of tea are largely dependent on the intake of flavonoids. Flavonoids are a group of compounds beneficial to cardiovascular disease and an important part of "functional foods." Lu'an GuaPian tea is mainly produced in Lu'an City, Anhui Province and is one of the top 10 famous teas in China. Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in Lu'an GuaPian has good hypoglycemic effect, mainly manifested in a strong inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. Present study showed that kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside could block TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling, suggesting that it could be a potential active agent in the protection of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hua
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Pei-Pei Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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14
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Gaur R, Bao GH. Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Catechins from Camellia sinensis as anti-MRSA agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:1519-1537. [PMID: 34030615 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210524100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tea, a worldwide popular beverage rich in polyphenols, contributes to the prevention of
many diseases and thus is beneficial to human health. Tea is a product through processing the fresh
leaves picked from the plant Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis, genus Camellia section Thea). To date,
systematic studies have been conducted on the phytochemicals from more than 20 tea varieties and
related tea products, resulting in the structural determination of over 400 constituents viz. different
types of polyphenols, purines, and their derivatives, mono to tetra-terpenoids, and minor other phytomolecules.
These various tea phytochemicals contribute to the anti-oxidative effects, anti-diabetes,
anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, blood lipid reduction, neuroprotection, anti-Alzheimer's disease,
hepatoprotection, and anti-microbial activities, etc. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the significant
human pathogens, could cause nosocomial and community-acquired infections, which is also
responsible for various infectious diseases from mild to severe life-threatening conditions, such
as bacteremia (bloodstream infection), endocarditis (heart valves infection), pneumonia, and meningitis
(brain infection), leading to 2% clinical disease in of all patient admissions. The multidrug resistance (MDR) and antibiotics losing efficacy, esp. in methicillin resistance Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) urge for novel antimicrobial agents. The MRSA strains are resistant
to the entire class of β-lactam antibiotics and limit effective treatment, leading to still spread of staphylococcal
infections. MRSA also exhibits resistance to cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones,
aminoglycosides, and glycopeptides (teicoplanine and vancomycin), leading to resistant
strains-glycopeptide resistant strain (GRSA) and glycopeptide intermediate (GISA) S. aureus. In
this review, chemical constituents responsible for the anti-MRSA activity of tea are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gaur
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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15
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Wang W, Zhang P, Liu XH, Ke JP, Zhuang JH, Ho CT, Xie ZW, Bao GH. Identification and quantification of hydroxycinnamoylated catechins in tea by targeted UPLC-MS using synthesized standards and their potential use in discrimination of tea varieties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Zhang P, Ke JP, Chen CH, Yang Z, Zhou X, Liu XH, Hu FL, Bao GH. Discovery and Targeted Isolation of Phenylpropanoid-Substituted Ester-Catechins Using UPLC-Q/TOF-HRMS/MS-Based Molecular Networks: Implication of the Reaction Mechanism among Polyphenols during Green Tea Processing. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:4827-4839. [PMID: 33848156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tea is an important beverage source of dietary polyphenols and well known for containing phenolic structure diversity. A series of phenylpropanoid-substituted catechins, flavonols, flavan-3-hexoside, and proanthocyanidin are present in different herbs with various biological activities, inspiring our exploration of phenylpropanoid-substituted ester type of catechins (PSECs) due to the enrichment of galloylated catechins in tea. In this study, we used a guiding-screening-location-isolation integrated route including creating a hypothesized PSEC dataset, MS/MS data acquiring, construction of molecular networks, and traditional column chromatography and preliminarily identified 14 PSECs by MS/MS spectrum. Two of these PSECs were further purified and elucidated by NMR and CD spectra. Further MS detection in tea products and fresh leaves suggests that the production of the two new compounds was enhanced during tea processing. The synthesis mechanism was proposed to obtain these types of components for further investigation on their roles in human health protection. This study provides an example for the exploration of new functional ingredients from food sources guided by MS/MS data-based networking, and also new insights into the reaction mechanism to form new catechin conjugates among polyphenols in green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Chen-Hui Chen
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Liu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Feng-Lin Hu
- Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
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17
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Zhang P, Wang W, Liu XH, Yang Z, Gaur R, Wang JJ, Ke JP, Bao GH. Detection and quantification of flavoalkaloids in different tea cultivars and during tea processing using UPLC-TOF-MS/MS. Food Chem 2020; 339:127864. [PMID: 32858385 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavoalkaloids have been found from tea. However, there is limited information about their content in different teas. Herein, 51 tea samples were screened for flavoalkaloid content. Twelve teas with relatively higher contents of flavoalkaloids were further quantified by UPLC-TOF-MS/MS. The cultivars Yiwu and Bulangshan had the highest levels, with total flavoalkaloid contents of 3063 and 2727 µg g-1, respectively. Each of the six flavoalkaloids were at levels > 198 µg g-1 in these cultivars. Of the flavoalkaloids, etc-pyrrolidinone A had the highest content in the teas, reaching 835 µg g-1 in Yiwu. The content of the flavoalkaloids varied among tea cultivars and with processing procedures, particularly heating. The potential of using flavoalkaloids to discriminate grades of Keemun black tea was studied and discussed. The teas identified in this work with high levels of flavoalkaloids can be used in the future to study the mechanisms by which flavoalkaloids are synthesized in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Liu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rashmi Gaur
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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18
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Hou ZW, Wang YJ, Xu SS, Wei YM, Bao GH, Dai QY, Deng WW, Ning JM. Effects of dynamic and static withering technology on volatile and nonvolatile components of Keemun black tea using GC-MS and HPLC combined with chemometrics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Xie HF, Kong YS, Li RZ, Nothias LF, Melnik AV, Zhang H, Liu LL, An TT, Liu R, Yang Z, Ke JP, Zhang P, Bao GH, Xie ZW, Li DX, Wan XC, Dai QY, Zhang L, Zhao M, An MQ, Long YH, Ling TJ. Feature-Based Molecular Networking Analysis of the Metabolites Produced by In Vitro Solid-State Fermentation Reveals Pathways for the Bioconversion of Epigallocatechin Gallate. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7995-8007. [PMID: 32618197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dark teas are prepared by a microbial fermentation process. Flavan-3-ol B-ring fission analogues (FBRFAs) are some of the key bioactive constituents that characterize dark teas. The precursors and the synthetic mechanism involved in the formation of FBRFAs are not known. Using a unique solid-state fermentation system with β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexation as well as targeted chromatographic isolation, spectroscopic identification, and Feature-based Molecular Networking on the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking web platform, we reveal that dihydromyricetin and the FBRFAs, including teadenol A and fuzhuanin A, are derived from epigallocatechin gallate upon exposure to fungal strains isolated from Fuzhuan brick tea. In particular, the strains from subphylum Pezizomycotina were key drivers for these B-/C-ring oxidation transformations. These are the same transformations seen during the fermentation process of dark teas. These discoveries set the stage to enrich dark teas and other food products for these health-promoting constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Shuai Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Louis-Félix Nothias
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexey V Melnik
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting An
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Da-Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Qiang An
- Yiyang Fu Cha Industry Development Co. Ltd., 690 North Datao Road, Yiyang 413000, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Long
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
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20
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Yang H, Xie B, Wang Y, Cui Y, Yang H, Wang X, Yang X, Bao GH. Effect of tea root-derived proanthocyanidin fractions on protection of dentin collagen. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519891303. [PMID: 31818172 PMCID: PMC7265569 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519891303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Proanthocyanidins (PAs) have been widely used as effective agents for dentin
collagen cross-linking to enhance the biomechanics and biostability of
dentin in vitro. However, the effects and protective mechanisms of various
tea root-derived PA components on dentin remain undefined. This study
evaluated the effects of these tea root-derived PA components on dentin
biomechanics and biostability. Methods In this study, ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol were used to extract PAs
with different degrees of polymerization from tea roots; the effects of
these PA extracts on dentin were evaluated. Results Dentin was treated with glutaraldehyde, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, or
water. PAs with a high degree of polymerization, extracted using n-butyl
alcohol, were able to more effectively improve dentin collagen
cross-linking, increase resistance to bacterial collagenase digestion, and
enhance dentin elasticity, relative to treatment with glutaraldehyde or PAs
with a low degree of polymerization (extracted using ethyl acetate).
Additionally, treatment with aqueous extract of tea roots was detrimental to
dentin stability and function. Conclusions PAs with a high degree of polymerization were effective for dentin protection
and restoration in vitro, suggesting clinical treatment potential for tea
root-derived PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Yang
- School of life sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei , Anhui, China
| | - Bingqing Xie
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei , Anhui, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei , Anhui, China
| | - Yayun Cui
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei , Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei , Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei , Anhui, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei , Anhui, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- School of life sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei , Anhui, China
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21
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Gaur R, Ke JP, Zhang P, Yang Z, Bao GH. Novel Cinnamoylated Flavoalkaloids Identified in Tea with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Effect. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3140-3148. [PMID: 32053361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
3-O-Cinnamoylepicatechin (1) was synthesized along with four flavoalkaloids, (-)-6-(5‴S)-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-3-O-cinnamoylepicatechin (2), (-)-6-(5‴R)-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-3-O-cinnamoylepicatechin (3), (-)-8-(5‴S)-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-3-O-cinnamoylepicatechin (4), and (-)-8-(5‴R)-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-3-O-cinnamoylepicatechin (5) via esterification of epicatechin followed by phenolic Mannich reaction of 1 with theanine in the presence of heat. The new compounds 1-5 were detected in leaves of three tea cultivars, Fuding-Dabai, Huangjingui, and Zimudan with the help of ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with a photodiode array detector and electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-ESI-HRMS), suggesting that they are naturally occurring in tea leaves. The structures of the novel natural products were characterized by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and mass spectroscopy. Compounds 1-5 were then evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.12-1.02 μM). The availability of the synthesized epicatechin derivatives 1-5 via a synthetic route enabled the first unequivocal identification of these derivatives as tea secondary metabolites and made it possible to determine their content in the tea material as well as the diverse bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gaur
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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22
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Xu S, Wang JJ, Wei Y, Deng WW, Wan X, Bao GH, Xie Z, Ling TJ, Ning J. Metabolomics Based on UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS and Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking Reveals Effects of Time Scale and Environment of Storage on the Metabolites and Taste Quality of Raw Pu-erh Tea. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:12084-12093. [PMID: 31560531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Raw Pu-erh tea (RPT) needs ageing before drinking. However, the influence from environment and time of storage on chemical profile and flavor of RPT is unclear. In this study, the RPTs stored in wet-hot or dry-cold environment for 1-9 years were assessed using metabolomics based on UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS and global natural product social (GNPS) feature-based molecular networking as well as electronic tongue measurement. The results exhibited that the chemical profiles of RPTs were similar at an early stage but started to differentiate from each other at the 5th and the 7th year in wet-hot and dry-cold environments. The discriminating features including N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols (flavoalkaloids), unsaturated fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines, flavan-3-ols, amino acids, and flavonol-O-glycosides among the three chemical profiles were discovered and analyzed by means of multivariate statistics, GNPS multilibraries matching, and SIRIUS calculation. The metabolomic data were consistent with the results obtained through electronic tongue measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Jingming Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
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23
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Wu HY, Ke JP, Wang W, Kong YS, Zhang P, Ling TJ, Bao GH. Discovery of Neolignan Glycosides with Acetylcolinesterase Inhibitory Activity from Huangjinya Green Tea Guided by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data and Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:11986-11993. [PMID: 31593461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global Natural Product Social feature-based networking was applied to follow the phytochemicals, including nine flavonoid glycosides, six catechins, and three flavonols in Huangjinya green tea. Further, a new 8-O-4'-type neolignan glycoside, camellignanoside A (1), and 15 known compounds (2-16) were isolated through a variety of column chromatographies, and the structure was elucidated extensively by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, heteronuclear single-quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation, 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy, rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, and Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Compounds 1 and 2 showed acetylcolinesterase inhibition activity, with IC50 = 0.75 and 0.18 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yue Wu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Shuai Kong
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
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24
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Wang W, Zhu BY, Wang P, Zhang P, Deng WW, Wu FH, Ho CT, Ling TJ, Zhang ZZ, Wan XC, Bao GH. Enantiomeric Trimethylallantoin Monomers, Dimers, and Trimethyltriuret: Evidence for an Alternative Catabolic Pathway of Caffeine in Tea Plant. Org Lett 2019; 21:5147-5151. [PMID: 31247775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Racemic trimethylallantoin monomer (1), mesomeric and racemic trimethylallantoin dimers (2 and 3), were isolated from tea. Two pairs of optically pure enantiomers (1a, 1b and 3a, 3b) were separated by chiral column from the two racemes (1 and 3). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of extensive spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism. A novel caffeine catabolic pathway was proposed based on the caffeine stable isotopic tracer experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Bi-Ying Zhu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Fei-Hua Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China.,Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901-8520 , United States
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Zheng-Zhu Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
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25
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Ke JP, Dai WT, Zheng WJ, Wu HY, Hua F, Hu FL, Chu GX, Bao GH. Two Pairs of Isomerically New Phenylpropanoidated Epicatechin Gallates with Neuroprotective Effects on H 2O 2-Injured SH-SY5Y Cells from Zijuan Green Tea and Their Changes in Fresh Tea Leaves Collected from Different Months and Final Product. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:4831-4838. [PMID: 30969762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Zijuan tea ( Camellia sinensis var. assamica), an anthocyanin-rich cultivar with purple leaves, is a valuable material for manufacturing tea with unique color and flavor. In this paper, four new phenylpropanoid substituted epicatechin gallates (pECGs), Zijuanins A-D (1-4), were isolated from Zijuan green tea by different column chromatography. Their structures were identified by extensive high resolution mass spectroscopy (HR-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and experimental and calculated circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analyses. Detection of the changes in fresh tea leaves collected from April to September and the final processed product by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-HRMS suggested that production of compounds 1 and 2 may be enhanced by the processing procedure of Zijuan green tea. Additionally, 1-4 were proposed to be synthesized through interaction between the abundant secondary metabolite ECG and phenolic acids from tea leaves by two key steps of phenol-dienone tautomerism. 1 and 2 showed impressive activity in protecting SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced damage at the concentration of 1.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230036 , China
| | - Wen-Ting Dai
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second People's Hospital of Hefei , Hefei 230011 , China
| | - Wen-Jun Zheng
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230036 , China
| | - Hao-Yue Wu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230036 , China
| | - Fang Hua
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230036 , China
| | - Feng-Lin Hu
- Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui Province 230036 , China
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230036 , China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230036 , China
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26
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Shen YH, Wang LY, Zhang BB, Hu QM, Wang P, He BQ, Bao GH, Liang JY, Wu FH. Ethyl Rosmarinate Protects High Glucose-Induced Injury in Human Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E3372. [PMID: 30572638 PMCID: PMC6321336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl rosmarinate (RAE) is one of the active constituents from Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze, which is used for diabetic treatment in Chinese folk medicine. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of RAE on high glucose-induced injury in endothelial cells and explored its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that both RAE and rosmarinic acid (RA) increased cell viability, decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and attenuated high glucose-induced endothelial cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by Hochest staining, Annexin V⁻FITC/PI double staining, and caspase-3 activity. RAE and RA both elevated Bcl-2 expression and reduced Bax expression, according to Western blot. We also found that LY294002 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or PI3K inhibitor) weakened the protective effect of RAE. In addition, PDTC (nuclear factor-κB, or NF-κB inhibitor) and SP600125 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or JNK inhibitor) could inhibit the apoptosis in endothelial cells caused by high glucose. Further, we demonstrated that RAE activated Akt, and the molecular docking analysis predicted that RAE showed more affinity with Akt than RA. Moreover, we found that RAE inhibited the activation of NF-κB and JNK. These results suggested that RAE protected endothelial cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis by alleviating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and regulating the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, the NF-κB pathway, and the JNK pathway. In general, RAE showed greater potency than RA equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Shen
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Bao-Bao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Qi-Ming Hu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Bai-Qiu He
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Liang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Fei-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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27
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Li X, Liu GJ, Zhang W, Zhou YL, Ling TJ, Wan XC, Bao GH. Correction to Novel Flavoalkaloids from White Tea with Inhibitory Activity against the Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:8886. [PMID: 30091593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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28
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Cheng J, Wu FH, Wang P, Ke JP, Wan XC, Qiu MH, Bao GH. Flavoalkaloids with a Pyrrolidinone Ring from Chinese Ancient Cultivated Tea Xi-Gui. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:7948-7957. [PMID: 29976052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chinese Xi-Gui tea is one ancient cultivated variety of Camellia sinensis var. assamica. At present, it is used for producing expensive and elite tea in China. Five new flavoalkaloids, (-)-6-(5''' S)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epicatechin-3- O-gallate (ester-type catechins pyrrolidinone E, etc-pyrrolidinone E, 1), (-)-6-(5''' R)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epicatechin-3- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone F, 2) (-)-8-(5''' S)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epicatechin-3- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone G, 3a), (-)-8-(5''' S)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-catechin-3- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone I, 4a), (-)-8-(5''' R)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-catechin-3- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone J, 4b), and one new naturally occurring natural product (-)-8-(5''' R)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epicatechin-3- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone H, 3b) together with the known flavoalkaloids etc-pyrrolidinones A-D (5, 6, 7a, and 7b) were detected and isolated from Xi-Gui green tea. Their structures were identified by comprehensive NMR spectroscopic analyses. Absolute configurations of 1-3 were established by comparison of the CD analyses with epicatechin-3- O-gallate (ECG). Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their protection against high glucose induced cell senescence on human umbilical vein endothelia cells (HUVECs) and showed significant protection effects ( p < 0.01) at both 1.0 and 10 μM. A discussion on the possible evolution of tea plants divergent from related food plants on the basis of phytochemical view is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 230036 Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Hua Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 230036 Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 230036 Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 230036 Hefei , People's Republic of China
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29
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Li X, Liu GJ, Zhang W, Zhou YL, Ling TJ, Wan XC, Bao GH. Novel Flavoalkaloids from White Tea with Inhibitory Activity against the Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:4621-4629. [PMID: 29669412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Two novel flavoalkaloids, (-)-6-(5'''- S)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epigallocatechin- O-gallate (ester-type catechin pyrrolidinone A, etc-pyrrolidinone A, 1), (-)-6-(5'''- R)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epigallocatechin- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone B, 2), and new naturally occurring flavoalkaloids, (-)-8- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epigallocatechin- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone C, 3a, and etc- pyrrolidinone D, 3b), were isolated from white tea ( Camellia sinensis). Their structures were identified by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The absolute configuration of compounds 1 and 2 was decided by comprehensive circular dichroism spectroscopic analyses. The isolated flavoalkaloids together with (-)-epigallocatechin- O-gallate (EGCG) were evaluated for their inhibition against the formation of advanced glycation end products, with IC50 values ranging from 10.3 to 25.3 μM. Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detected these flavoalkaloids in both white tea and fresh tea leaves, which demonstrated the existence of a corresponding biosynthetic pathway in tea plants. Therefore, a possible pathway was proposed to involve deamination, decarboxylation, and spontaneously cyclization of l-theanine and then attachment of the product to EGCG to form the flavoalkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Jin Liu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yv-Long Zhou
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
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30
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Wang W, Tang X, Hua F, Ling TJ, Wan XC, Bao GH. Camellimidazole A–C, Three Methylene-Bridged Dimeric Imidazole Alkaloids from Keemun Black Tea. Org Lett 2018; 20:2672-2675. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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31
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Zhang W, Li X, Hua F, Chen W, Wang W, Chu GX, Bao GH. Interaction between Ester-Type Tea Catechins and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin: Inhibitory Mechanism. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:1147-1156. [PMID: 29355013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tea is thought to alleviate neurotoxicity due to the antioxidative effect of ester-type tea catechins (ETC). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) can sensitize β-amyloid (Aβ) induced neurotoxicity, and inhibitors of NGAL may relieve associated symptoms. As such, the interactions of ETC with NGAL were investigated by fluorescence spectrometry and molecular simulation. NGAL fluorescence is quenched regularly when being added with six processing types of tea infusion (SPTT) and ETC. Thermodynamic analyses suggest that ETC with more catechol moieties has a stronger binding capacity with NGAL especially in the presence of Fe3+. (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-caffeoate (ECC), a natural product isolated from Zijuan green tea, shows the strongest binding ability with NGAL (Kd = 15.21 ± 8.68 nM in the presence of Fe3+). All ETC are effective in protecting nerve cells against H2O2 or Aβ1-42 induced injury. The inhibitory mechanism of ETC against NGAL supports its potential use in attenuation of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Hua
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, 230036 People's Republic of China
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Hua F, Zhou P, Wu HY, Chu GX, Xie ZW, Bao GH. Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase by flavonoid glycosides from Lu'an GuaPian tea: molecular docking and interaction mechanism. Food Funct 2018; 9:4173-4183. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase by flavonoid glycosides from Lu'an GuaPian tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hua
- Natural Products Laboratory
- International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
- Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
- Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
- Hefei 230038
| | - Hao-Yue Wu
- Natural Products Laboratory
- International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- Natural Products Laboratory
- International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
| | - Zhong-Wen Xie
- Natural Products Laboratory
- International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory
- International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
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Wang W, Fu XW, Dai XL, Hua F, Chu GX, Chu MJ, Hu FL, Ling TJ, Gao LP, Xie ZW, Wan XC, Bao GH. Novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Zijuan tea and biosynthetic pathway of caffeoylated catechin in tea plant. Food Chem 2017; 237:1172-1178. [PMID: 28763966 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zijuan tea is a special cultivar of Yunnan broad-leaf tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) with purple buds, leaves, and stems. Phytochemical study on this tea led to the discovery of three hydroxycinnamoylated catechins (HCCs) (1-3), seven other catechins (4-10), three proanthocyanidins (11-13), five flavones and flavone glycosides (14-18), two alkaloids (19, 20), one steroid (21), and one phenylpropanoid glycoside (22). The isolation and structural elucidation of the caffeoylated catechin (1) by means of spectroscopic techniques were described. We also provide the first evidence that 1 is synthesized via a two-step pathway in tea plant. The three HCCs (1-3) were investigated on their bioactivity through molecular modeling simulation and biochemical experiments. Our results show that they bind acetylcholinesterase (AChE) tightly and have strong AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 value at 2.49, 11.41, 62.26μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Xi-Wen Fu
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Xin-Long Dai
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Fang Hua
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Ming-Jie Chu
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Feng-Lin Hu
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Zhong-Wen Xie
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230036, China.
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Bai WX, Wang C, Wang YJ, Zheng WJ, Wang W, Wan XC, Bao GH. Novel Acylated Flavonol Tetraglycoside with Inhibitory Effect on Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells from Lu'an GuaPian Tea and Quantification of Flavonoid Glycosides in Six Major Processing Types of Tea. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:2999-3005. [PMID: 28339202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel acylated flavonol tetraglycoside, kaempferol 3-O-[(E)-p-coumaroyl-(1→2)][α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)][β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (camellikaempferoside C, 1), together with 2 flavonols and 18 flavone and flavonol glycosides (FGs) (2-21) was isolated from the green tea Lu'an GuaPian (Camellia sinensis L.O. Kuntze). Their structures were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Four acylated FGs (1, 7, 8, 9) were found to inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μM (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we established a rapid UPLC method to quantify nine FGs in six major processing types of tea. The results showed that dark tea had the highest amount of 20 (0.70 ± 0.017 mg/g) and black tea had the highest amount of 8 (0.09 ± 0.012 mg/g), whereas the amounts of 10 and 16 basically decreased with the increasing degree of fermentation and could contribute to the discrimination of different processing types of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Xia Bai
- Tea Natural Product Laboratory of International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Tea Natural Product Laboratory of International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Wang
- Tea Natural Product Laboratory of International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Zheng
- Tea Natural Product Laboratory of International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Tea Natural Product Laboratory of International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- Tea Natural Product Laboratory of International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Tea Natural Product Laboratory of International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Yao J, Zhang Y, Hu Q, Zeng D, Hua F, Meng W, Wang W, Bao GH. Optimization of paeonol-loaded poly(butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanocapsules by central composite design with response surface methodology together with the antibacterial properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:189-199. [PMID: 28189814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to enhance dissolution rate and bioavailability of paeonol, paeonol-loaded poly(butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanocapsules (Pae@PNCs) were prepared by interfacial spontaneous polymerization for the first time. Herein, a rotatable central composite design (RCCD) with three-factor five-level was applied to evaluate the optimization experiments. To the maximum percentage encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and minimum particle size (nm) of the Pae@PNCs, a quadratic polynomial model was generated to predict and evaluate the independent variables with respect to the dependent variables. RSM model goodness fitting were confirmed by the ANOVA Table (P<0.05) through variance analysis, which predicted values of EE (%) and particle size (R2 and adjusted R2 were close to 1, respectively) in good agreement with experimental values. By solving the regression equation and analyzing the response surface, three-dimensional model graphs and plots, the optimal result for the preparation of Pae@PNCs were found to be: pH (2.34), Poloxamer F-68 (0.80% m/v) and ethyl acetate/α-BCA ratio (16.67 v/v) for the highest EE% (73.58±2.76%) and the smallest particle size (42.06±1.20nm). The release profiles and antibacterial activity in vitro from the optimal Pae@PNCs were performed. The results indicated that it has slow and well-controlled release, and has strong antibacterial activity in vitro than paeonol. This understanding can help to predict the conditions of optimization of poly(butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles formation and to improve paeonol bioavailability and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yangxin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiming Hu
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Decheng Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fang Hua
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Weiyun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China.
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Rong L, Peng LJ, Ho CT, Yan SH, Meurens M, Zhang ZZ, Li DX, Wan XC, Bao GH, Gao XL, Ling TJ. Brewing and volatiles analysis of three tea beers indicate a potential interaction between tea components and lager yeast. Food Chem 2016; 197:161-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tian YZ, Liu X, Liu W, Wang WY, Long YH, Zhang L, Xu Y, Bao GH, Wan XC, Ling TJ. A new anti-proliferative acylated flavonol glycoside from Fuzhuan brick-tea. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:2637-2641. [PMID: 26885750 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1136911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fuzhuan brick-tea (FBT) is unique for a fungal fermentation stage in its manufacture process and is classified in dark tea. A new acylated flavonol glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-[E-p-coumaroyl-(→2)][α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)][α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside, which was trivially named as camellikaempferoside A (1), was isolated from FBT along with camelliquercetiside C (2). Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compound 1 showed anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 7.83 and 19.16 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhen Tian
- a State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- b School of Life Sciences , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yun Wang
- b School of Life Sciences , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Long
- b School of Life Sciences , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- a State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- a State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , P.R. China
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- a State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , P.R. China
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38
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Zong JF, Peng YR, Bao GH, Hou RY, Wan XC. Two New Oleanane-Type Saponins with Anti-Proliferative Activity from Camellia oleifera Abel. Seed Cake. Molecules 2016; 21:E188. [PMID: 26861265 PMCID: PMC6273491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new oleanane-type saponins, named oleiferasaponins C₄ (1) and C₅ (2), were isolated from Camellia oleifera Abel. seed cake residue. Their respective structures were identified as 16α-hydroxy-22α-O-angeloyl-23α-aldehyde-28-dihydroxymethylene-olean-12-ene-3β-O-[β-d-galacto-pyranosyl-(1→2)]-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosy-(1→3)]-β-d-glucopyranosid-uronic acid methyl ester (1) and 16α-hydroxy-22α-O-angeloyl-23α-aldehyde-28-dihydroxy-methylene-olean-12-ene-3β-O-[β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid methyl ester (2) through 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and GC-MS spectroscopic methods. The two compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against five human tumor cell lines (BEL-7402, BGC-823, MCF-7, HL-60 and KB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fa Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yun-Ru Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Ru-Yan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), was originally identified in neutrophil granules as a heterodimer complex with gelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP9), but more recently has been found to be secreted by damaged epithelial cells. Ngal is a member of the lipocalin family and subsequently named as lipocalin 2 on the basis of structural similarity with other members of the lipocalin family and its potential association with hydrophobic retinol and cholesterol oleate more strongly than their hydrophilic counterparts. In 2002, a landmark paper suggested that Ngal is a bacteriostatic agent which blocks iron acquisition by interacting with a number of bacterial siderophores, especially enterobactin. Since then, more siderophore-carrying functions have been reported than the possibility of hydrophobic ligand transport. In this setting, Ngal was renamed Siderocalin. Functions of siderocalin include not only bacteriostatic activity but potentially as a mediator of cell growth and differentiation; some of these functions appear to be referable to the holo siderocalin:siderophore:iron complex and recent work suggests that metabolic products may act as mammalian siderophores bound by Ngal. While still speculative, it may be that the mammalian siderophores can establish the missing link between Ngal and a number of its functions in vivo. This review provides an overview of the discoveries of the different ligands of Ngal and consequently related functions. Hydrophobic ligands, bacterial siderophores as well as their modified structures (synthetic siderophores), and mammalian siderophores are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Biotechnology Building 214, Anhui Agricultural University, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Biotechnology Building 214, Anhui Agricultural University, China; Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, USA
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Bao GH, Barasch J, Xu J, Wang W, Hu FL, Deng SX. Purification and Structural Characterization of "Simple Catechol", the NGAL-Siderocalin Siderophore in Human Urine. RSC Adv 2015; 5:28527-28535. [PMID: 26257890 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02509e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of ligands that bind the protein Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL, Siderocalin, Lipocalin-2) have helped to elucidate its function. NGAL-Siderocalin binds and sequesters the iron loaded bacterial siderophore enterochelin (Ent), defining the protein as an innate immune effector. Simple metabolic catechols can also form tight complexes with NGAL-Siderocalin and ferric iron, suggesting that the protein may act as an iron scavenger even in the absence of Ent. While different catechols have been detected in human urine, they have not been directly purified from a biofluid and demonstrated to ligate iron with NGAL-Siderocalin. This paper describes a "natural products" approach to identify small molecules that mediate iron binding to NGAL-Siderocalin. A 10K filtrate of human urine was subjected to multiple steps of column chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC, guided by NGAL-Siderocalin-iron binding assays and LC-MS detection. The co-factor forming a ternary structure with iron and NGAL-Siderocalin was identified as authentic simple catechol (dihydroxybenze) by ESI-HR-Mass, UV, and NMR spectrometric analysis. Comparison of the binding strengths of different catechols demonstrated that the vicinal-dihydroxyl groups were the key functional groups and that steric compatibilities of the catechol ring have the strongest effect on binding. Although catechol was a known NGAL-Siderocalin co-factor, our purification directly confirmed its presence in urine as well as its capacity to serve as an iron trap with NGAL-Siderocalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hu Bao
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168 St, New York, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Feng-Lin Hu
- Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168 St, New York, USA
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Yue Y, Chu GX, Liu XS, Tang X, Wang W, Liu GJ, Yang T, Ling TJ, Wang XG, Zhang ZZ, Xia T, Wan XC, Bao GH. TMDB: a literature-curated database for small molecular compounds found from tea. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:243. [PMID: 25224438 PMCID: PMC4172869 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. The healthy effects of tea are attributed to a wealthy of different chemical components from tea. Thousands of studies on the chemical constituents of tea had been reported. However, data from these individual reports have not been collected into a single database. The lack of a curated database of related information limits research in this field, and thus a cohesive database system should necessarily be constructed for data deposit and further application. DESCRIPTION The Tea Metabolome database (TMDB), a manually curated and web-accessible database, was developed to provide detailed, searchable descriptions of small molecular compounds found in Camellia spp. esp. in the plant Camellia sinensis and compounds in its manufactured products (different kinds of tea infusion). TMDB is currently the most complete and comprehensive curated collection of tea compounds data in the world. It contains records for more than 1393 constituents found in tea with information gathered from 364 published books, journal articles, and electronic databases. It also contains experimental 1H NMR and 13C NMR data collected from the purified reference compounds or collected from other database resources such as HMDB. TMDB interface allows users to retrieve tea compounds entries by keyword search using compound name, formula, occurrence, and CAS register number. Each entry in the TMDB contains an average of 24 separate data fields including its original plant species, compound structure, formula, molecular weight, name, CAS registry number, compound types, compound uses including healthy benefits, reference literatures, NMR, MS data, and the corresponding ID from databases such as HMDB and Pubmed. Users can also contribute novel regulatory entries by using a web-based submission page. The TMDB database is freely accessible from the URL of http://pcsb.ahau.edu.cn:8080/TCDB/index.jsp. The TMDB is designed to address the broad needs of tea biochemists, natural products chemists, nutritionists, and members of tea related research community. CONCLUSION The TMDB database provides a solid platform for collection, standardization, and searching of compounds information found in tea. As such this database will be a comprehensive repository for tea biochemistry and tea health research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yue
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Gang-Xiu Chu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Xue-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Xing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Guang-Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Xiao-Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Zheng-Zhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Tao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 China
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Lu RL, Bao GH, Hu FL, Huang B, Li CR, Li ZZ. Comparison of cytotoxic extracts from fruiting bodies, infected insects and cultured mycelia of Cordyceps formosana. Food Chem 2014; 145:1066-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen SN, Bao GH, Wang LQ, Qin GW. Two new compounds from the flowers of Rhododendron molle. Chin J Nat Med 2013; 11:525-7. [PMID: 24359778 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the chemical constituents of the flowers of Rhododendron molle. METHODS Compounds were isolated by repeated chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Structures were elucidated based on spectral techniques, mainly 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass spectrometric analyses. RESULTS Two compounds (1 and 2) were isolated. CONCLUSIONS Compounds 1 and 2 were identified as two new compounds: 2α, 10α-epoxy-3β, 5β, 6β, 14β, 16α-hexahydroxy-grayanane and benzyl 2, 6-dihydroxybenzoate-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Nong Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, 60612, USA
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Li-Quan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo-Wei Qin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Luo ZM, Du HX, Li LX, An MQ, Zhang ZZ, Wan XC, Bao GH, Zhang L, Ling TJ. Fuzhuanins A and B: the B-ring fission lactones of flavan-3-ols from Fuzhuan brick-tea. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:6982-90. [PMID: 23837839 DOI: 10.1021/jf401724w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fuzhuan brick-tea is a special dark tea prepared from the leaves of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Its production involves a fungal fermentation stage, which forms the unique flavors and functions by a series of biochemical reactions. Our phytochemical research of the material led to the isolation of two new B-ring fission lactones of flavan-3-ols, fuzhuanins A (1) and B (2). In addition, three other flavan-3-ol derivatives (3-5), three flavone C-glycosides (6-8), eight flavonoid O-glycosides (10-17), five simple phenolics (19-23), two norisoprenoid glycosides (24, 25), two sesquiterpenoids (26, 27), and theobromine (28), as well as two flavonoid anions (9 and 18), were also identified. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 4, 19, 20, 22-24, 26, and 27 were reported for the first time in Camellia spp. and tea. Furthermore, HPLC analysis method was performed to compare the chemical constituents of the before/after fungal fermentation Fuzhuan brick-teas. Compound 1 was indicated as one of the major characteristic constituents generated in the fungal fermentation process. The IC50 value of the antiproliferative activity of 2 on HeLa cells was assayed as 4.48 μM. None of the isolated compounds showed any inhibition activity against the enteric pathogenic microbes at 800 μg/mL by the hole plate diffusion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Mei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P R China
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Lu RL, Luo FF, Hu FL, Huang B, Li CR, Bao GH. Identification and production of a novel natural pigment, cordycepoid A, from Cordyceps bifusispora. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:6241-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4966-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang XF, Han YY, Bao GH, Ling TJ, Zhang L, Gao LP, Xia T. A new saponin from tea seed pomace (Camellia oleifera Abel) and its protective effect on PC12 cells. Molecules 2012; 17:11721-8. [PMID: 23027372 PMCID: PMC6268113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A new triterpenoid saponin, oleiferasaponin A₁, was isolated from tea seed pomace (Camellia oleifera Abel). The structure of oleiferasaponin A₁ was elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence and was found to be 22-O-cis-2-hexenoyl-A₁-barrigenol 3-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)] [β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid. PC12 cells injured with H₂O₂ were used as the model to test the protective effects of oleiferasaponin A₁. The results indicated that oleiferasaponin A₁ can potentially prevent the H₂O₂-induced cell death of PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ying-Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Tao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
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Pettit GR, Tan R, Bao GH, Melody N, Doubek DL, Gao S, Chapuis JC, Williams L. Antineoplastic agents. 587. Isolation and structure of 3-epipancratistatin from Narcissus cv. Ice Follies. J Nat Prod 2012; 75:771-773. [PMID: 22413911 PMCID: PMC3372531 DOI: 10.1021/np200862y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided (cancer cell line) separation of an extract prepared from Narcissus cv. Ice Follies (from The Netherlands) led to the isolation of a new Amaryllidaceae isocarbostiryl, 3-epipancratistatin (1b), as well as narciclasine (2). This Narcissus cultivar was found to be a good source of narciclasine. The structure of 1b was established by high-resolution mass and high-field 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. Against a panel of murine and human cancer cell lines, 3-epipancratistatin (1b) led to cell growth inhibition (GI(50) 2.2-0.69 μg/mL) some 100× less than that found for pancratistatin (1a) and narciclasine (2), thereby revealing an important configurational requirement in 1a for strong cancer cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, PO Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
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Bao GH, Wang XL, Tang XC, Chiu P, Qin GW. Sinoracutine, a novel skeletal alkaloid with cell-protective effects from Sinomenium acutum. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
One new morphinane alkaloid, sinomenine N-oxide (1), and one new natural occurring morphinane alkaloid, N-demethylsinomenine (2), together with six known alkaloids, 7,8-didehydro-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxymorphinan-6-ol (3), sinomenine (4), sinoacutine (5), N-norsinoacutine, acutumine, and acutumidine, were isolated from the stems of Sinomenium acutum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compounds 2, 3, and 5 have protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hu Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
A new minor 1,5-seco-5-oxo-grayanotoxin named grayanotoxin XXI (1), together with three known grayanotoxins, grayanotoxins I, IV and VIII, has been isolated from the leaves of Rhododendron decorum (Ericaceae). The structure of the new compound (1) was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ping Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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