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Tomic A, Kovacic M, Kusic H, Karamanis P, Rasulev B, Loncaric Bozic A. Structural Features Promoting Photocatalytic Degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern: Insights into Degradation Mechanism Employing QSA/PR Modeling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062443. [PMID: 36985414 PMCID: PMC10057466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although heterogeneous photocatalysis has shown promising results in degradation of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), the mechanistic implications related to structural diversity of chemicals, affecting oxidative (by HO•) or reductive (by O2•−) degradation pathways are still scarce. In this study, the degradation extents and rates of selected organics in the absence and presence of common scavengers for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during photocatalytic treatment were determined. The obtained values were then brought into correlation as K coefficients (MHO•/MO2•−), denoting the ratio of organics degraded by two occurring mechanisms: oxidation and reduction via HO• and O2•−. The compounds possessing K >> 1 favor oxidative degradation over HO•, and vice versa for reductive degradation (i.e., if K << 1 compounds undergo reductive reactions driven by O2•−). Such empirical values were brought into correlation with structural features of CECs, represented by molecular descriptors, employing a quantitative structure activity/property relationship (QSA/PR) modeling. The functional stability and predictive power of the resulting QSA/PR model was confirmed by internal and external cross-validation. The most influential descriptors were found to be the size of the molecule and presence/absence of particular molecular fragments such as C − O and C − Cl bonds; the latter favors HO•-driven reaction, while the former the reductive pathway. The developed QSA/PR models can be considered robust predictive tools for evaluating distribution between degradation mechanisms occurring in photocatalytic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Tomic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Packaging, Recycling and Environmental Protection, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4597-160
| | - Panaghiotis Karamanis
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Rue de President Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Tomic A, Cvetnic M, Kovacic M, Kusic H, Karamanis P, Bozic AL. Structural features promoting adsorption of contaminants of emerging concern onto TiO 2 P25: experimental and computational approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:87628-87644. [PMID: 35819674 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of the structural features affecting the adsorption of organics, especially contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), onto TiO2 P25 in aqueous medium has far-reaching implications for the understanding and modification of TiO2 P25 in the roles such as an adsorbent and photocatalyst. The effect of pH and γ(TiO2 P25) as variables on the extent of removal of organics by adsorption on TiO2 P25 was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling. Experimentally determined coefficients of adsorption were used as responses in RSM, yielding a quadratic polynomial equation (QPE) for each of the studied organics. Furthermore, coefficients (A, B, C, D, E, and F) obtained from QPEs were used as responses in QSPR modeling to establish their dependence on the structural features of the studied organics. The functional stability and predictive power of the resulting QSPR models were confirmed with internal and external cross validation. The influence of structural features of organics on the adsorption process is explained by molecular descriptors included in the derived QSPR models. The most influential descriptors on the adsorption of organics on TiO2 P25 are found to be those correlated with ionization potential, molecular mass, and volume, then molecular fragments (e.g., -CH =) and particular topological features such as C and N atoms, or two heteroatoms (e.g., N and N or O and Cl) at certain distance. Derived QSPR models can be considered as robust predictive tools for evaluating efficiency of adsorption processes onto TiO2 P25, providing insights into influential structural features facilitating adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Tomic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Cvetnic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Panagiotis Karamanis
- Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Avenue de l'Université BP 576, 64012, Pau, France
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Cvetnic M, Juretic Perisic D, Kovacic M, Ukic S, Bolanca T, Rasulev B, Kusic H, Loncaric Bozic A. Toxicity of aromatic pollutants and photooxidative intermediates in water: A QSAR study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 169:918-927. [PMID: 30597792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extensive commercial use of aromatic hydrocarbons results with significant amounts of these chemicals and related by-products in waters, causing a severe ecological and health threat, thus requiring an increased attention. This study was aimed at developing models for prediction of the initial toxicity of the aromatic water-pollutants (expressed as EC50 and TU0) as well as the toxicity of their intermediates at half-life of the parent pollutant (TU1/2). For that purpose, toxicity toward Vibrio fischery was determined for 36 single-benzene ring compounds (S-BRCs), diversified by the type, number and position of substituents. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methodology paired with genetic algorithm optimization tool and multiple linear regression was applied to obtain the models predicting the targeted toxicity, which are based on pure structural characteristics of the tested pollutants, avoiding thus additional experimentation. Upon derivation of the models and extensive analysis on training and test sets, 4-, 4- and 5-variable models (for EC50 and TU0, TU1/2, respectively) were selected as the most predictive possessing 0.839<R2< 0.901 and 0.789<Q2< 0.859. The analysis of the selected descriptors indicated three major structural characteristics influencing the toxicity: electronegativity, geometry and electrotopological states of the molecule. Degradation kinetics determining as well the pathways of intermediates formation, reflected over ionization potential, was found to be an important parameter determining the toxicity in half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Cvetnic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Daria Juretic Perisic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sime Ukic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Tomislav Bolanca
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Kovacic M, Katic J, Kusic H, Loncaric Bozic A, Metikos Hukovic M. Elucidating the Photocatalytic Behavior of TiO₂-SnS₂ Composites Based on Their Energy Band Structure. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11061041. [PMID: 29921795 PMCID: PMC6024962 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TiO2-SnS2 composite semiconducting photocatalysts with different building component ratios were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis (TiO2-SnS2-HT) and by immobilization of commercial TiO2 and SnS2 particles (TiO2-SnS2-COMM). The band gap values, which determine the catalysts’ photoactivity, were examined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Kubelka–Munk transformations. The catalysts’ surface properties: specific surface area, charge and adsorption capacitance at the solid–solution interface were characterized using BET analysis, potentiometric titration and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The electronic band structure of TiO2-SnS2 photocatalyst, as the key property for the solar-driven photocatalysis, was deduced from the thermodynamic data and the semiconducting parameters (type of semiconductivity, concentration of the charge carriers, flat band potential) obtained by Mott–Schottky analysis. The photoactivity of both composites was studied in photocatalytic treatment of diclofenac (DCF) under simulated solar irradiation and was compared to the benchmark photocatalyst (TiO2 P25) activity. The influence of process parameters, such as pH, H2O2, and composite formulation on the effectiveness of DCF removal and conversion was investigated and discussed by employing response surface modeling (RSM) approach. The photocatalytic efficiency of both composite materials was discussed on the basis of the hetereojunction formation that facilitated the photoelectron transfer, promoting more efficient photocatalytic degradation of DCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Jozefina Katic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Mirjana Metikos Hukovic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Kovacic M, Kopcic N, Kusic H, Bozic AL. Solar driven degradation of 17β-estradiol using composite photocatalytic materials and artificial irradiation source: Influence of process and water matrix parameters. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Markic M, Cvetnic M, Ukic S, Kusic H, Bolanca T, Bozic AL. Influence of process parameters on the effectiveness of photooxidative treatment of pharmaceuticals. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:338-351. [PMID: 29173087 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1401394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, UV-C/H2O2 and UV-C/[Formula: see text] processes as photooxidative Advanced oxidation processes were applied for the treatment of seven pharmaceuticals, either already included in the Directive 2013/39/EU "watch list" (17α- ethynylestradiol, 17β-estradiol) or with potential to be added in the near future due to environmental properties and increasing consumption (azithromycin, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, erythromycin and oxytetracycline). The influence of process parameters (pH, oxidant concentration and type) on the pharmaceuticals degradation was studied through employed response surface modelling approach. It was established that degradation obeys first-order kinetic regime regardless structural differences and over entire range of studied process parameters. The results revealed that the effectiveness of UV-C/H2O2 process is highly dependent on both initial pH and oxidant concentration. It was found that UV-C/[Formula: see text] process, exhibiting several times faster degradation of studied pharmaceuticals, is less sensitive to pH changes providing practical benefit to its utilization. The influence of water matrix on degradation kinetics of studied pharmaceuticals was studied through natural organic matter effects on single component and mixture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinko Markic
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Matija Cvetnic
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Sime Ukic
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bolanca
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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Kovacic M, Kopcic N, Kusic H, Stangar UL, Dionysiou DD, Bozic AL. Reactivation and reuse of TiO 2-SnS 2 composite catalyst for solar-driven water treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:2538-2551. [PMID: 29127639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important features of photocatalytic materials intended to be used for water treatment is their long-term stability. The study is focused on the application of thermal and chemical treatments for the reactivation of TiO2-SnS2 composite photocatalyst, prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and immobilized on the glass support using titania/silica binder. Such a catalytic system was applied in solar-driven treatment, solar/TiO2-SnS2/H2O2, for the purification of water contaminated with diclofenac (DCF). The effectiveness of studied reactivation methods for retaining TiO2-SnS2 activity in consecutive cycles was evaluated on basis of DCF removal and conversion, and TOC removal and mineralization of organic content. Besides these water quality parameters, biodegradability changes in DCF aqueous solution treated by solar/TiO2-SnS2/H2O2 process using simply reused (air-dried) and thermally and chemically reactivated composite photocatalyst through six consecutive cycles were monitored. It was established that both thermal and chemical reactivation retain TiO2-SnS2 activity in the second cycle of its reuse. However, both treatments caused the alteration in the TiO2-SnS2 morphology due to the partial transformation of visible-active SnS2 into non-active SnO2. Such alteration, repeated through consecutive reactivation and reuse, was reflected through gradual activity loss of TiO2-SnS2 composite in applied solar-driven water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Kopcic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Urska Lavrencic Stangar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Environmental Research, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Kovacic M, Kusic H, Fanetti M, Stangar UL, Valant M, Dionysiou DD, Bozic AL. TiO 2-SnS 2 nanocomposites: solar-active photocatalytic materials for water treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:19965-19979. [PMID: 28689291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study is aimed at evaluating TiO2-SnS2 composites as effective solar-active photocatalysts for water treatment. Two strategies for the preparation of TiO2-SnS2 composites were examined: (i) in-situ chemical synthesis followed by immobilization on glass plates and (ii) binding of two components (TiO2 and SnS2) within the immobilization step. The as-prepared TiO2-SnS2 composites and their sole components (TiO2 or SnS2) were inspected for composition, crystallinity, and morphology using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analyses. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was used to determine band gaps of immobilized TiO2-SnS2 and to establish the changes in comparison to respective sole components. The activity of immobilized TiO2-SnS2 composites was tested for the removal of diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solution under simulated solar irradiation and compared with that of single component photocatalysts. In situ chemical synthesis yielded materials of high crystallinity, while their morphology and composition strongly depended on synthesis conditions applied. TiO2-SnS2 composites exhibited higher activity toward DCF removal and conversion in comparison to their sole components at acidic pH, while only in situ synthesized TiO2-SnS2 composites showed higher activity at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mattia Fanetti
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270, Ajdovscina, SI, Slovenia
| | - Urska Lavrencic Stangar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Environmental Research, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Matjaz Valant
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270, Ajdovscina, SI, Slovenia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Sciences and Technology of China, North Jianshe Road No. 4 Section 2, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Cvetnic M, Juretic Perisic D, Kovacic M, Kusic H, Dermadi J, Horvat S, Bolanca T, Marin V, Karamanis P, Loncaric Bozic A. Prediction of biodegradability of aromatics in water using QSAR modeling. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 139:139-149. [PMID: 28129599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed at developing models for predicting the biodegradability of aromatic water pollutants. For that purpose, 36 single-benzene ring compounds, with different type, number and position of substituents, were used. The biodegradability was estimated according to the ratio of the biochemical (BOD5) and chemical (COD) oxygen demand values determined for parent compounds ((BOD5/COD)0), as well as for their reaction mixtures in half-life achieved by UV-C/H2O2 process ((BOD5/COD)t1/2). The models correlating biodegradability and molecular structure characteristics of studied pollutants were derived using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) principles and tools. Upon derivation of the models and calibration on the training and subsequent testing on the test set, 3- and 5-variable models were selected as the most predictive for (BOD5/COD)0 and (BOD5/COD)t1/2, respectively, according to the values of statistical parameters R2 and Q2. Hence, 3-variable model predicting (BOD5/COD)0 possessed R2=0.863 and Q2=0.799 for training set, and R2=0.710 for test set, while 5-variable model predicting (BOD5/COD)1/2 possessed R2=0.886 and Q2=0.788 for training set, and R2=0.564 for test set. The selected models are interpretable and transparent, reflecting key structural features that influence targeted biodegradability and can be correlated with the degradation mechanisms of studied compounds by UV-C/H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Cvetnic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Daria Juretic Perisic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Jasna Dermadi
- Pliva Croatia Ltd, TAPI Croatia, TAPI R&D, Prilaz baruna Filipovica 25, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sanja Horvat
- GKP Komunalac d.o.o., Mosna 15, Koprivnica 48000, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bolanca
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Marin
- EnCor Biotechnology, 4949 SW 41st Blvd S40, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Panaghiotis Karamanis
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Kovacic M, Salaeh S, Kusic H, Suligoj A, Kete M, Fanetti M, Stangar UL, Dionysiou DD, Bozic AL. Solar-driven photocatalytic treatment of diclofenac using immobilized TiO2-based zeolite composites. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:17982-17994. [PMID: 27255319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study is aimed at evaluating the potential of immobilized TiO2-based zeolite composite for solar-driven photocatalytic water treatment. In that purpose, TiO2-iron-exchanged zeolite (FeZ) composite was prepared using commercial Aeroxide TiO2 P25 and iron-exchanged zeolite of ZSM5 type, FeZ. The activity of TiO2-FeZ, immobilized on glass support, was evaluated under solar irradiation for removal of diclofenac (DCF) in water. TiO2-FeZ immobilized in a form of thin film was characterized for its morphology, structure, and composition using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was used to determine potential changes in band gaps of prepared TiO2-FeZ in comparison to pure TiO2. The influence of pH, concentration of hydrogen peroxide, FeZ wt% within the composite, and photocatalyst dosage on DCF removal and conversion efficiency by solar/TiO2-FeZ/H2O2 process was investigated. TiO2-FeZ demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO2 under solar irradiation in acidic conditions and presence of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Subhan Salaeh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andraz Suligoj
- Laboratory for Environmental Research, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kete
- Laboratory for Environmental Research, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Mattia Fanetti
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, SI-5270, Ajdovscina, Slovenia
| | - Urska Lavrencic Stangar
- Laboratory for Environmental Research, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Kovacic M, Juretic Perisic D, Biosic M, Kusic H, Babic S, Loncaric Bozic A. UV photolysis of diclofenac in water; kinetics, degradation pathway and environmental aspects. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:14908-14917. [PMID: 27072038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the photolysis behavior of commonly used anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) was investigated using UV-C and UV-A irradiation. In that purpose, DCF conversion kinetics, mineralization of organic content, biodegradability, and toxicity were monitored and compared. The results showed different kinetics of DCF conversion regarding the type of UV source applied. However, in both cases, the mineralization extent reached upon complete DCF conversion is rather low (≤10 %), suggesting that the majority of DCF was transformed into by-products. Formation/degradation of main degradation by-products was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS), whereas different profiles were obtained by UV-C and UV-A photolysis. The results of bioassays revealed that biodegradability of DCF solutions remained low through the applied treatments. The toxicity of irradiated DCF solutions was evaluated using Vibrio fischeri. A significant reduction of toxicity, especially in the case of UV-A radiation, was observed upon complete degradation of DCF. In addition to toxicity reduction, calculated Log K OW values of DCF degradation by-products indicate their low potential for bioaccumulation (Log K OW ≤ 3) in comparison to the parent substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Daria Juretic Perisic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Martina Biosic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Sandra Babic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
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Perisic DJ, Kovacic M, Kusic H, Stangar UL, Marin V, Bozic AL. Comparative analysis of UV-C/H2O2 and UV-A/TiO2 processes for the degradation of diclofenac in water. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-016-1027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Smidt M, Kusic H, Juretic D, Novak Stankov M, Ukic S, Bolanca T, Rogosic M, Loncaric Bozic A. Modeling Photo-oxidative Degradation of Aromatics in Water. Optimization Study Using Response Surface and Structural Relationship Approaches. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Smidt
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Daria Juretic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Novak Stankov
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sime Ukic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bolanca
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Rogosic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Milovac N, Juretic D, Kusic H, Dermadi J, Bozic AL. Photooxidative Degradation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids in Water: Influence of Hydroxyl Substituents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501338q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Milovac
- Faculty of Chemical
Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg
19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Daria Juretic
- Faculty of Chemical
Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg
19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical
Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg
19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jasna Dermadi
- TAPI R&D, Pliva Croatia Ltd., TAPI Croatia, Prilaz baruna Filipovica 25, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical
Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg
19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Juretic D, Kusic H, Dionysiou DD, Bozic AL. Environmental aspects of photooxidative treatment of phenolic compounds. J Hazard Mater 2013; 262:377-386. [PMID: 24056249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed at evaluation of environmental aspects on photooxidative treatment of phenolic compounds by UV/H2O2 process. Hydroxy-, chloro-, nitro- and methyl-phenols substituted in ortho and para positions were used as model pollutants. The influence of pollutant chemical structure on variations of water quality during the photooxidative treatment was investigated. In that purpose, we monitored the changes of total organic carbon (TOC); chemical oxygen demand (COD); aromaticity, measured as absorbance at 280 (A280) and 254 nm (A254); biodegradability, estimated over ratio of biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/COD); and toxicity, estimated on inhibition of Vibrio fischeri luminescence (TU). It was found that changes of monitored parameters are influenced by the type and position of substituent. Studied pollutants share sequence in degradation pathway and consequently some of the formed by-products are the same as well. However, their distribution and the formation of specific by-products with characteristic functional groups play significant role in observed variations of water quality, which was particularly reflected in biodegradability and toxicity. The cross-correlation between recorded sum-water parameters is assessed on the basis of calculated Spearman rank coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Juretic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Juretic D, Kusic H, Papic A, Smidt M, Jezovita O, Peternel I, Bozic AL. Modeling of photodegradation kinetics of aromatic pollutants in water matrix. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Juretic D, Kusic H, Koprivanac N, Loncaric Bozic A. Photooxidation of benzene-structured compounds: influence of substituent type on degradation kinetic and sum water parameters. Water Res 2012; 46:3074-3084. [PMID: 22463859 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The combined influence of substituent type and UV/H(2)O(2) process parameters on the degradation of four aromatic water pollutants was investigated using modified 3(3) full factorial design and response surface methodology. Degradation kinetics was described by the quadratic polynomial model. According to the applied ANOVA, besides pH and [H(2)O(2)], model terms related with the pollutant structure are found to be significant. Different optimal operating conditions and values of observed degradation rate constants were determined for each of the pollutants indicating that the type of substituent influences the overall process effectiveness over structurally defined degradation pathway. Biodegradability (BOD(5)/COD) and toxicity (TU) were evaluated prior to the treatment and at the reference time intervals t(1/2)(P), t(3/4)(P), t(1/4)(OC) and t(1/2)(OC) corresponding to the real time required to reduce the concentration of parent pollutant and organic content for 1/2, 3/4, 1/4 and 1/2 of initial amount. The observed differences are correlated to the structural differences of studied aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Juretic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Kusic H, Juretic D, Koprivanac N, Marin V, Božić AL. Photooxidation processes for an azo dye in aqueous media: modeling of degradation kinetic and ecological parameters evaluation. J Hazard Mater 2011; 185:1558-1568. [PMID: 21093983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Three photooxidation processes, UV/H(2)O(2), UV/S(2)O(8)(2-) and UV/O(3) were applied to the treatment of model wastewater containing non-biodegradable organic pollutant, azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7). Dye degradation was monitored using UV/VIS and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, determining decolorization, the degradation/formation of naphthalene and benzene structured AO7 by-products, and the mineralization of model wastewater. The water quality during the treatment was evaluated on the bases of ecological parameters: chemical (COD) and biochemical (BOD(5)) oxygen demand and toxicity on Vibrio fischeri determining the EC(50) value. The main goals of the study were to develop an appropriate mathematic model (MM) predicting the behavior of the systems under investigation, and to evaluate the toxicity and biodegradability of the model wastewater during treatments. MM developed showed a high accuracy in predicting the degradation of AO7 when considering the following observed parameters: decolorization, formation/degradation of by-products and mineralization. Good agreement of the data predicted and the empirically obtained was confirmed by calculated standard deviations. The biodegradability of model wastewater was significantly improved by three processes after mineralizing a half of the initially present organic content. The toxicity AO7 model wastewater was decreased as well. The differences in monitored ecological parameters during the treatment indicated the formation of different by-products of dye degradation regarding the oxidant type applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Kusic H, Leszczynska D, Koprivanac N, Peternel I. Role of quantum dots nanoparticles in the chemical treatment of colored wastewater: catalysts or additional pollutants. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:1479-1485. [PMID: 22432283 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the presence and the activity of quantum dots nanoparticles in colored wastewaters. The special interest is devoted to the investigation of their role in the typical treatment of water or wastewater, studying their influence on the effectiveness of applied treatments methods. The standard chemical processes for water treatment and disinfection (direct UV photolysis and direct ozonation) were applied for the degradation of colored organic pollutant, reactive azo dye, in the presence/absence of CdSe/ZnS core-shells quantum dots. The obtained results indicated that investigated nanoparticles inhibit the overall efficiency of applied processes, especially in the case of direct UV photolysis, although catalytic effect might be expected in part due to the semiconductor nature of quantum dots. Such results lead to a conclusion that CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles behave as additional pollutants in the system. They should be removed from the system prior the treatment, because their presence could decrease the efficiency, i.e., prolong the time of treatment and correspondingly increase the costs of the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Kusic
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Jackson, 39217 Mississippi, USA.
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Kusic H, Jovic M, Kos N, Koprivanac N, Marin V. The comparison of photooxidation processes for the minimization of organic load of colored wastewater applying the response surface methodology. J Hazard Mater 2010; 183:189-202. [PMID: 20674163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this comparative study, the effectiveness of three photooxidation processes (UV/H(2)O(2), UV/S(2)O(8)(2-) and UV/O(3)) for degradation of an azo dye model pollutant was investigated using several process parameters. The process parameters such as initial pH, the concentrations of oxidant in the reactor inlet stream and the type of oxidant were considered. In order to investigate the influence of cross-factor effects of process parameters, the full factorial design was applied with three factors (two numeric and one categorical) at three levels combined with response surface modeling. The ANOVA results (R(2), F, p) showed high accuracy of developed quadratic model for the zero-order mineralization rate constants of AO7 model wastewater. Among process parameters studied, the type of oxidant and the concentration of oxidant were shown to be the most influential parameters of studied photooxidation processes. The highest rate of mineralization of AO7 model wastewater, k(obs)=7.507×10(-7) M s(-1), was obtained for UV/O(3) process at the initial pH 10 and oxidant reactor input rate of 0.6 mM min(-1). However, when comparing the operating costs for each process studied, it was evident that UV/H(2)O(2) process is 1.6 times less expensive than UV/O(3) process considering the mineralization of organic content of AO7 model wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Kusic H, Koprivanac N, Srsan L. Azo dye degradation using Fenton type processes assisted by UV irradiation: A kinetic study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Peternel L, Kusic H, Koprivanac N, Locke BR. The roles of ozone and zeolite on reactive dye degradation in electrical discharge reactors. Environ Technol 2006; 27:545-57. [PMID: 16749622 DOI: 10.1080/09593332808618667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study high voltage pulsed corona electrical discharge advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were applied to bleach and degrade C.I. Reactive Green 8 and C.I. Reactive Red 45 organic dyes in water solutions. Two types of hybrid gas/liquid high voltage electrical discharge (corona) reactors, known as hybrid series and hybrid parallel were studied. The difference between these reactors relates to electrode configuration, which affects the amounts of ozone, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals produced. Experiments were conducted using dye concentrations of 20 mgl(-1) and 75 mgl(-1), with and without NH4ZSM5 zeolite addition in order to determine possible effects of added solid particles to total process efficiency. The role of ozone in combination with zeolites was assessed through comparative direct ozonation experiments with ozone supplied by an ozone generator. UV/VIS spectrophotometric measurements and measurements of total organic carbon (TOC) were used for the determination of decolorization and mineralization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peternel
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Abstract
In the present study, advanced oxidation processes, UV/H2O2, UV/O3, and UV/H2O2/O3 have been applied to bleach and degrade organic dye C.I. Reactive Red 45 in water solution. Influence of pH and hydrogen peroxide dosage on process efficiency was investigated. The rate of color removal was studied by measuring the absorbance at the characteristic wavelength while mineralization rates were obtained on the basis of total organic carbon (TOC) and adsorbable organic halides (AOX) measurements. Complete bleaching was achieved by all applied processes after 60 min while the maximal mineralization extent depended on the reaction conditions for each of the processes. It has been found that UV/H2O2/O3 process was the most efficient with 61.1% TOC removal and 72.0% AOX removal, respectively, achieved after a 1-h treatment. Time required for complete mineralization of RR45 by UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/O3 processes was determined as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Peternel
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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