The effectiveness of lavender and jasmine aroma therapy towards pain levels

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong>The maternal mortality rate in Southeast Asian countries is Indonesia 190 per 100,000 live births, Vietnam 49 per 100,000 live births, Thailand26 per 100,000 live births, Brunei 27 per 100,000 live births, and Malaysia 29 per 100,000 live births (WHO, 2015). Data on maternal mortality in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2020 found 40 cases, an increase from the previous year, which was 36 cases. In the Bantul district there are 20 cases of maternal mortality(DIY Health Office, 2020). Labor pain relief methods are divided into non-pharmacological (psychoprophylactic, hypnosis, acupuncture, touch healing therapy, relaxation exercises, massage therapy, music therapy) and pharmacological (systemic drugs, inhalation anesthetics, general anesthesia, regional anesthesia) (Tanvisut et al., 2018).<strong></strong></p><p><strong><em>Objectives:</em></strong>This study aims to determine the effect of lavender and jasmine aromatherapy on pain levels in the first stage of labor at the Bina Sehat Clinic.<strong></strong></p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Q</em><em>uasi experiment</em>with pretest and posttest group design. a sample of 38 respondents using the formula (Lemeshow et al., 1997) in Sastroasmoro and Ismail (2011). Sampling technique with simple random sampling</p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong>Shows that jasmine aromatherapy is more effective in reducing pain levels in first-stage mothers than lavender aromatherapy at the Bina Sehat Clinic. There is a significant effect of the level of labor pain in the first stage before and after the lavender and jasmine aromatherapy intervention period.<strong></strong></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong>Jasmine aromatherapy was more effective in reducing pain levels in first-stage labor than lavender aromatherapy at the Bina Sehat Clinic with a Z_Wilcoxon value obtained at -4.001 and a significant value of 0.000 (p&lt;0.000). There was a significant effect on the results of the first stage of labor pain before and after the lavender and jasmine aromatherapy intervention period, which was -4.143 and a significant value of 0.000 (p&lt;0.000).<strong></strong></p>

In situ degradation of dairy cattle feedstuffs using reusable local nylon fabric bags

Background and Aim: Disposable imported nylon bags used in an in situ digestibility measurement restrict the effort of scientists to obtain more accurate information about ruminant feed quality due to their low affordability and environmentally unfriendly characteristics. This study aimed to find reusable local nylon fabrics to substitute imports. Materials and Methods: Five local fabrics (B1 = Abutai, B2 = Taffeta, B3 = Organza, B4 = N57, and B5 = M100) were used to make nylon bags and compared with the imported bag (B6 = Ankom technology). The research consisted of three steps: (1) Observing the similarity of the local nylon bag's hole number to the imported bag. (2) Testing feed in situ degradation (F1 = Napier grass, F2 = Cornmeal, and F3 = Dairy cattle total mixed ration) using bags B1–B6. (3) The reusability of the bag was tested using different washing methods (under running water [R1], rinse [R2], and ultrasonic water bath [R3]). Results: It was shown that the hole numbers of B1 (1223 hole numbers) and B2 (1245 hole numbers) were not significantly different from B6 (1248 hole numbers). It was shown with dry matter degradability measurement using the in situ method that there was no significant difference in feed solubility (a), potential degradability (b), and the effective degradation between local fabrics (B1–B5) and B6. According to the degradation rate (c), there were interactions between the feeds and fabrics. For F1, all local fabrics were similar to B6, while for F2, only B1 was different from B6. For F3, only B5 was different from B6. It was also shown by the organic matter degradability measurements that there was a similar trend. The exception was the solubility (a) component in F3, in which it was shown that B1 was also different from B6. It was shown in the reusable test that there was no difference in the weight of the bag before and after all washing methods. In contrast, the hole number increased due to the shrinking of the bag after drying in a 60°C oven. Conclusion: According to this in situ study, local nylon bag B2 can substitute imported bags. A lower drying temperature is suggested to prevent shrinking and make the bag reusable.

A Qualitative Study: Mothers’ Experience in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during and after Pregnancy in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) incidence is related to maternal and child health risks, such as pre-eclampsia, premature births, and the development of type 2 diabetes at 5-10 years after pregnancy. The adaptation process of women with GDM is complicated and requires a series of treatments and behavior changes over a short period. The psychological support of families and healthcare professionals is indispensable in achieving GDM management success.  Objectives: This research aimed to explore Indonesian mothers' experiences in GDM management and support during and after pregnancy  Methods: The design of research implemented qualitative approaches, phenomenology, and the homogenous purposive technique to recruit 12 participants. In-depth interviews were carried out with each participant using face to face. Interviews were recorded, verbatim transcribed, and analyzed thematically by Collaizi.  Results:  Five themes emerged: responses to GDM diagnosis; GDM management during pregnancy; obstacles in GDM management; support for GDM management; and post-natal self-management. Adherence to diet and exercise recommendations is difficult for some participants, although they have a good understanding of GDM. Feeling the fetus's movement of and surrendering to God become forms of psychological support and motivation in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus.  Conclusions:  The barriers and facilitators for GDM management identified here are multidimensional and may help facilitate health workers to more effectively support women with GDM in overcoming the perceived obstacles so that they can still feel a safe and comfortable during pregnancy with minimum risk.  

Physicochemical characteristic of modified edible film made from gelatine of sea bass (Lates calcarifer) residue with palmitic acid and soybean protein isolate treatment

The use of fish waste as raw material in producing gelatin becomes important when it is related to the halal perspective. Sea bass skin contains high protein, especially collagen protein which can be used as the main component of edible film. An edible film made from gelatin of fish skin usually lacks water vapour transmission due to its hydrophilic properties. Modification of formula in producing an edible film from fish gelatin with the addition of lipid such palmitic acid (PA treatment) and soybean protein isolate (SPI treatment) can affect the characteristics of the edible film resulted. This study was aimed to evaluate the chemical (solubility, water vapour permeability) and physical characteristics (thickness, tensile strength, per cent elongation, SEM) of an edible film made from gelatin with the addition of palmitic acid and soybean protein isolate with different concentration. The results showed that edible films with SPI addition yield the best film thickness (<2.5 mm) while PA addition resulted in better tensile strength of the films (>3.92 MPa) according to the Japanese Industrial Standard. The per cent elongation of both films with PA (21.3-34.44%) and SPI (36.06-117.53%) addition decreased with increasing concentration, but SPI generally gave higher elongation compared to PA. The addition of SPI gave lower solubility and higher water vapour transmission values compared to PA, however, the addition of 4.5% of PA gave the lowest water vapour transmission (5.416 g/m2 h). Therefore, the best treatment in this study was concluded to be 4% of SPI addition based on the best thickness, per cent elongation, water vapour transmission and solubility results.

Enzim suplementation in the quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) diet containing Indigofera Zolingeriana on performance and metabolizable energy

This study aims to evaluate the effect of protease enzyme supplementation and NSP on feed containing I. Zollingeriana to improve performance and metabolic energy in quails. This study used 192 female quails with a Coturnix-coturnix japonica strain aged 42 days. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments and four replications, with treatments being R1 = Basal Feed, R2 = Feed containing 10% I. Zollingeriana, R3 = R1 + protease enzyme, and R4 = R1 + NSP enzyme. The parameters observed in this study were feed consumption, hen day, egg mass production, feed conversion, mortality, and metabolic energy. The results showed that feeding containing 10% of I. Zollingeriana was able to increase the consumption, decrease the egg mass production, increase feed convertion and reduce the nitrogen retention. The addition of the NSP enzyme can increase quil performance which were fed containing 10% I. Zollingeriana. The use of NSP and protease enzymes can increase the retention value of quail ration containing I. Zollingeriana leaves.

Factors Related To Hypertension Management Efforts In Female Workers At Bringharjo Traditional Market Yogyakarta

<p>Background: Hypertension is a condition of blood pressure in blood vessels increases chronically. Yogyakarta has a population of high blood pressure or hypertension reaches until 7,464 people, stating that hypertension in population aged &gt;15 years is more common in women (63.96%) than men (36.04%) (Year Health Profile 2014 Yogyakarta City).</p><p>Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with hypertension management efforts in female workers at Bringharjo Traditional Market.</p><p>Method: An observational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study is all female workers at Bringharjo Market with quantities of 4,140 people. The sampling technique uses Simple Random Sampling technique that is 365 people. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using <em>chi square</em> test.</p><p>Results: Factors related to hypertension management efforts included blood pressure level p = 0.049, age p = 0.000, education p = 0,000, family history p = 0,000, service access p = 0.167, insurance ownership p = 0.171, information sources p = 0.118 and knowledge p = 0.010. There is a relationship between blood pressure level, age, education, family history and knowledge with hypertension management efforts. While health services access, insurance ownership and information sources have no relationship with hypertension management efforts.</p><p>Conclusions and suggestions: There is a relationship between blood pressure level, age, education, family history and knowledge with hypertension management at Bringharjo Traditional Market, but there is no relationship between health services access, insurance ownership, and information sources, with respondents of hypertension management at Bringharjo Traditional Market. The results of this study are expected to be used as additional references and for respondents who are not yet aware of hypertension management to carry out routine checks and take medication regularly.</p>

Effect of Different Ratio Omega-3 and Omega-6 in Total Mix Ration on Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites and Estrous Characteristic of Ewes

This study was conducted to compare the effect of different ratio of omega-3:omega-6 in total mix ration to blood metabolites and reproductive performance of ewes. A total of 25 young ewes were randomly assigned to five experimental groups and five replications : R0 (without omega-3:omega-6), R1 (omega-3:omega-6 1:8), R2 (omega-3:omega-6 1:6), R3 (omega-3:omega-6 1:3), R4 (omega-3:omega-6 1:2). The parameters measured were feed intake, productive performance, blood glucose and cholesterol pre-mating period. Parameters of characteristic estrous measured were onset of estrous, length of estrous and estrous response. The result showed that ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 1:2 have a greatest daily weight gain and feed efficiency. Ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 1:2 have blood glucose lowest, but highest blood cholesterol. Addition of omega-3 cause to delays onset of estrous. The conclusion is greatest length of estrous, estrous response and pregnacy rate on ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 1:2 in ration.

The Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Ruminant Probiotic Candidates Based on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics

This research was conducted to select, to identify LAB isolates and to investigate the effects of the LAB as probiotics candidate in the rumen fermentation. Nine isolates exhibited the potency as candidate probiotics for cattle. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with ten treatments and three different times of in vitro as a block. The substrate consisted of 70% forage and 30% concentrate proportion. The substrate was incubated at 39oC using serum bottle of 100 ml capacity for fermentation. Approximately 0.75 g of substrates was put inside the serum bottle glass and filled with 73 ml of buffered rumen fluid and 2 ml of LAB inoculant. Gas production was measured every 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of the incubation period. Gas production kinetic was estimated by the Ørskov’s equation. The LAB with the highest gas production, as probiotics candidate, were identified using partial 16S rDNA sequence. The results of this research indicated that nine LAB produced high gas production in the range of 193-198 ml compare to that of control (173 ml). The addition of LAB in rumen fermentation resulted in digestibility 65-75%, organic matter digestibility 51-73%, and 6.67-6.68 pH. Based on the molecular identification, 8 isolates are Lactobacillus plantarum and 1 of uncultured bacteria. The LAB strain 32 L. plantarum showed the best for a ruminant probiotic candidate based on the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristic.

THE EVALUATION OF SILICA+ SUPPLEMENTATION IN DIFFERENT TYPE OF DIET ON PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT RETENTION AND THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF BROILERS DIET

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silica+ supplementation (Si) in different types of diet on performance, nutrient retention (energy, protein, fat), and the economic value of broiler diet. The treatment diets are 1. HN (high nutrient), 2. HN+Si, 3. LN (low nutrient), 4. LN+Si, 5. HNRB (high nutrient contained rice bran) and 6. HNRB+Si. A number of 1440 unsexed day old chicks (CP707 strains) were arranged in a com­pletely randomized design consisted of 6 treatments and each treatment was replicated six times.  The results showed that silica+ supplementation in HNRB and LN diets did not affect the performance and nutrient retention. The HNRB diet produced low fat retention, high FCR during starter period, and lower body weight during starter and grower period (P<0.05). The LN diet resulted high FCR during starter period (P<0.05), however it had no effects on the body weight. Silica+ supplementation on HN diet decreased the FCR by 8.09% during the grower period (P<0.05). Besides, it increased the fat retention and true metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen (TMEn) by 1.30% and 4.41%, respectively. In general, silica+ supplementation was applied on the high nutrient diet during the grower period (22 to 35 days of ages) was effective. HN+Si produced the highest economic value diet in terms of income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC) increasing by 11.07% and relative feed cost (RFC) decreasing by 4.16%.

Isolation and functional analysis of yeast ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 variants that alleviate the toxicity of human α-synuclein

The essential ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 is a key enzyme involved in the degradation of abnormal or unfavourable proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression of human α-synuclein (α-syn), a small lipid-binding protein implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, in S. cerevisiae leads to growth inhibition due to many intracellular defects, including accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, to understand the mechanism of Rsp5-mediated detoxification of α-syn, we isolated novel Rsp5 variants (T255A, D295G, P343S and N427D), which conferred α-syn tolerance to yeast cells. Interestingly, these mutants were phenotypically distinguished from our previously identified RSP5(T357A) mutation, which increases ubiquitination of the general amino acid permease Gap1. Among them, the RSP5(P343S) substitution accelerated the degradation of α-syn, suppressed the accumulation of intracellular ROS and enhanced the interaction with α-syn and its ubiquitination. In contrast, the RSP5(T255A) mutation did not contribute to degradation of α-syn, but improved cell growth under acetate stress conditions, possibly leading to alleviation of the α-syn toxicity. Thus, these novel mutations might be useful not only in elucidating the molecular basis by which disused proteins are specifically recognized and effectively removed but also in screening drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases or in improving ethanol production under acidic fermentation conditions.