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Rune KT, Keech JJ. Is it time to stock up? Understanding panic buying during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australian Journal of Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2023.2180299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina T. Rune
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Jacob J. Keech
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Rackemann LJ, Hamilton K, Keech JJ. Evaluation of an implementation intentions intervention for managing university student stress. Stress Health 2023. [PMID: 37724051 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
University students consistently report high levels of stress, which has been associated with a range of adverse outcomes. Promoting adaptive coping behaviours, such as problem-focused coping for managing university stress, is therefore a timely area of investigation. Current coping intervention approaches target reasoned cognitive processes; however, recent research has suggested that automatic processes are more strongly associated with problem-focused coping behaviour. The current study examined the effect of an implementation intentions intervention, a technique that can support behaviour to be performed automatically by facilitating continued repetition of a plan, on problem-focused coping behaviour under stress and stress-related outcomes. Following a pilot study (N = 21), a preregistered randomized controlled trial was conducted with university students (N = 154) using an online survey. Participants completed baseline measures of problem-focused coping behaviour, behavioural automaticity, behavioural intentions, action planning, perceived stress, procrastination, and psychological wellbeing; before receiving the intervention or control condition stimuli, and then at a 2-week follow-up. Behavioural intention and action planning were also measured immediately post-intervention. The intervention had a significant medium-sized effect on action planning for problem-focused coping, but no other significant effects were detected. Exploratory assessment of plan quality revealed medium-sized correlations between plan quality and changes in problem-focused coping behaviour. Findings indicate that implementation intentions may be a promising approach for increasing planning for the use of problem-focused coping. Indicators of plan quality found to be associated with changes in problem-focused coping provide valuable avenues for intervention optimisation in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Rackemann
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jacob J Keech
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Objective: We applied an integrated social cognition model to predict physical distancing behavior, a key COVID-19 preventive behavior, over a four-month period. Design: A three-wave longitudinal survey design. Methods: Australian and US residents (N = 601) completed self-report measures of social cognition constructs (attitude, subjective norm, moral norm, perceived behavioral control [PBC]), intention, habit, and physical distancing behavior on an initial occasion (T1) and on two further occasions one week (T2) and four months (T3) later. Results: A structural equation model revealed that subjective norm, moral norm, and PBC, were consistent predictors of physical distancing intention on all three occasions. Intention and habit at T1 and T2 predicted physical distancing behavior at T2 and T3, respectively. Intention at T2 mediated effects of subjective norm, moral norm, and PBC at T2 on physical distancing behavior at T3, and habit at T1 and T2 mediated effects of behavior at T1 and T2 on follow-up behavior at T2 and T3, respectively. Conclusion: Normative (subjective and moral norms) and capacity (PBC) constructs were consistent predictors of physical distancing intention, and intention and habit were consistent predictors of physical distancing behavior. Interventions promoting physical distancing should target change in normative and personal capacity beliefs, and habit.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2021.1968397 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Hagger
- Social and Health Psychology Behavioral Research for Prevention and Promotion (SHARPP) Lab, Department of Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, California, USA.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland.,Health and Psychology Innovations (HaPI) Research Lab, School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Smith
- Health and Psychology Innovations (HaPI) Research Lab, School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacob J Keech
- Health and Psychology Innovations (HaPI) Research Lab, School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Susette A Moyers
- Social and Health Psychology Behavioral Research for Prevention and Promotion (SHARPP) Lab, Department of Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Health and Psychology Innovations (HaPI) Research Lab, School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Smith SR, Hagger MS, Keech JJ, Moyers SA, Hamilton K. Improving Hand Hygiene Behavior Using a Novel Theory-Based Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:1157-1173. [PMID: 36099420 PMCID: PMC9635998 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Promoting the adoption of personal hygiene behaviors known to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, such as avoiding touching one’s face with unwashed hands, is important for limiting the spread of infections. Purpose We aimed to test the efficacy of a theory-based intervention to promote the avoidance of touching one’s face with unwashed hands to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Methods We tested effects of an intervention employing imagery, persuasive communication, and planning techniques in two pre-registered studies adopting randomized controlled designs in samples of Australian (N = 254; Study 1) and US (N = 245; Study 2) residents. Participants were randomly assigned to theory-based intervention or education-only conditions (Study 1), or to theory-based intervention, education-only, and no-intervention control conditions (Study 2). The intervention was delivered online and participants completed measures of behavior and theory-based social cognition constructs pre-intervention and one-week postintervention. Results Mixed-model ANOVAs revealed a significant increase in avoidance of touching the face with unwashed hands from pre-intervention to follow-up irrespective of intervention condition in both studies, but no significant condition effects. Exploratory analyses revealed significant effects of the theory-based intervention on behavior at follow-up in individuals with low pre-intervention risk perceptions in Study 2. Conclusions Results indicate high adoption of avoiding touching one’s face with unwashed hands, with behavior increasing over time independent of the intervention. Future research should confirm risk perceptions as a moderator of the effect theory-based interventions on infection-prevention behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Smith
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin S Hagger
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.,Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jacob J Keech
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Susette A Moyers
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, National Center for Wellness and Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Abstract
Stress management interventions have traditionally aimed to change coping behaviour with little attention to mechanisms that drive behaviour change. We sought to test an integrated dual-process model, accounting for reasoned and automatic processes, for predicting problem-focussed coping behaviour. The study adopted a two-wave prospective correlational design with a 1-week follow-up. University students aged 17-25 (N = 272) completed survey measures online. At Time 1, participants completed self-report measures of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, intention, behavioural automaticity, and past problem-focussed coping behaviour. At Time 2, participants completed follow-up measures of behavioural automaticity and problem-focussed coping behaviour. Structural equation modelling testing the hypothesised dual-process model exhibited a good fit to the data, accounting for 50.0% and 45.4% of the variance in intentions and problem-focussed coping behaviour, respectively. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and past behaviour directly predicted intention. Intention, past behaviour, and behavioural automaticity directly predicted problem-focussed coping behaviour. Past behaviour also indirectly predicted problem-focussed coping behaviour via behavioural automaticity. Results suggest that problem-focussed coping behaviour tends to be regulated by reasoned psychological processes, and more strongly by automatic psychological processes. Future research aiming to increase problem-focussed coping should utilise behaviour change methods known to influence these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Keech
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.,School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA
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Hamilton K, Keech JJ, Willcox - Pidgeon S, Peden AE. An evaluation of a video-based intervention targeting alcohol consumption during aquatic activities. Australian Journal of Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2022.2029221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Hamilton
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jacob J. Keech
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- School ofApplied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stacey Willcox - Pidgeon
- Royal Life Saving Society – Australia, Broadway, Sydney, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Amy E. Peden
- Royal Life Saving Society – Australia, Broadway, Sydney, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Keech JJ, Orbell S, Hagger MS, O'Callaghan FV, Hamilton K. Psychometric properties of the stress control mindset measure in university students from Australia and the UK. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01963. [PMID: 33236533 PMCID: PMC7882182 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beliefs about the consequences of stress, stress mindsets, are associated with health and performance outcomes under stress. This article reports the development and examination of the psychometric properties of a measure of stress mindset: The Stress Control Mindset Measure (SCMM). The measure is consistent with theory on mindsets about self-attributes and conceptualizes stress mindset as the extent to which individuals endorse beliefs that stress can be enhancing. METHODS The study adopted a correlational cross-sectional survey design in two student samples. Undergraduate students from an Australian university (Sample 1, N = 218) and a UK university (Sample 2, N = 214) completed the SCMM and measures of health and well-being outcomes. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses supported a four-factor structure and strict measurement invariance across samples (ΔCFI < 0.01). Reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity of the overall SCMM were supported in both samples. Incremental validity was supported for most outcomes, accounting for significantly more variance (between 2.2% and 5.9%) in health and well-being outcomes than an existing measure. CONCLUSIONS Current data provide preliminary support for the SCMM as a reliable and valid measure with good psychometric properties and theoretically consistent relations with health outcomes under stress. Findings provide initial evidence supporting the potential utility of the SCMM in future research examining relations between stress mindsets and health and performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Keech
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.,School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sheina Orbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Martin S Hagger
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,University of California, Merced, CA, USA.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Frances V O'Callaghan
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Keech JJ, Hatzis D, Kavanagh DJ, White KM, Hamilton K. Parents' role constructions for facilitating physical activity‐related behaviours in their young children. Australian Journal of Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Keech
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia,
| | - Denise Hatzis
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia,
| | - David J. Kavanagh
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia,
| | - Katherine M. White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia,
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia,
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Hagger MS, Smith SR, Keech JJ, Moyers SA, Hamilton K. Predicting Social Distancing Intention and Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrated Social Cognition Model. Ann Behav Med 2020; 54:713-727. [PMID: 32914831 PMCID: PMC7543267 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social distancing is a key behavior to minimize COVID-19 infections. Identification of potentially modifiable determinants of social distancing behavior may provide essential evidence to inform social distancing behavioral interventions. Purpose The current study applied an integrated social cognition model to identify the determinants of social distancing behavior, and the processes involved, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In a prospective correlational survey study, samples of Australian (N = 365) and U.S. (N = 440) residents completed online self-report measures of social cognition constructs (attitude, subjective norm, moral norm, anticipated regret, and perceived behavioral control [PBC]), intention, action planning, habit, and past behavior with respect to social distancing behavior at an initial occasion. Follow-up measures of habit and social distancing behavior were taken 1 week later. Results Structural equation models indicated that subjective norm, moral norm, and PBC were consistent predictors of intention in both samples. Intention, action planning, and habit at follow-up were consistent predictors of social distancing behavior in both samples. Action planning did not have consistent effects mediating or moderating the intention–behavior relationship. Inclusion of past behavior in the model attenuated effects among constructs, although the effects of the determinants of intention and behavior remained. Conclusions Current findings highlight the importance of subjective norm, moral obligation, and PBC as determinants of social distancing intention and intention and habit as behavioral determinants. Future research on long-range predictors of social distancing behavior and reciprocal effects in the integrated model is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Hagger
- SHARPP Lab, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Smith
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacob J Keech
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Queensland, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susette A Moyers
- SHARPP Lab, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
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Hamilton K, Smith SR, Keech JJ, Moyers SA, Hagger MS. Application of the Health Action Process Approach to Social Distancing Behavior During COVID-19. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:1244-1269. [PMID: 33006814 PMCID: PMC7537318 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the social cognition determinants of social distancing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in samples from Australia and the US guided by the health action process approach (HAPA). METHODS Participants (Australia: N = 495, 50.1% women; US: N = 701, 48.9% women) completed HAPA social cognition constructs at an initial time-point (T1), and one week later (T2) self-reported their social distancing behavior. RESULTS Single-indicator structural equation models that excluded and included past behavior exhibited adequate fit with the data. Intention and action control were significant predictors of social distancing behavior in both samples, and intention predicted action and coping planning in the US sample. Self-efficacy and action control were significant predictors of intention in both samples, with attitudes predicting intention in the Australia sample and risk perceptions predicting intention in the US sample. Significant indirect effects of social cognition constructs through intentions were observed. Inclusion of past behavior attenuated model effects. Multigroup analysis revealed no differences in model fit across samples, suggesting that observed variations in the parameter estimates were relatively trivial. CONCLUSION Results indicate that social distancing is a function of motivational and volitional processes. This knowledge can be used to inform messaging regarding social distancing during COVID-19 and in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacob J Keech
- Griffith University, Australia.,University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | | | - Martin S Hagger
- University of California, Merced, USA.,University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Hagger
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of California MercedMercedCaliforniaUSA,Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland,Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jacob J. Keech
- School of Social SciencesUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia,School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityMt GravattQueenslandAustralia
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12
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Keech JJ, Cole KL, Hagger MS, Hamilton K. The association between stress mindset and physical and psychological wellbeing: testing a stress beliefs model in police officers. Psychol Health 2020; 35:1306-1325. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1743841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Keech
- School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- Health and Psychology Innovations (HaPI) Research Lab, School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kaitlyn L. Cole
- Health and Psychology Innovations (HaPI) Research Lab, School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin S. Hagger
- Health and Psychology Innovations (HaPI) Research Lab, School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- SHARPP Lab, Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Health and Psychology Innovations (HaPI) Research Lab, School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Hamilton K, Gibbs I, Keech JJ, Hagger MS. Reasoned and implicit processes in heavy episodic drinking: An integrated dual‐process model. Br J Health Psychol 2019; 25:189-209. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Laboratory of Self‐Regulation and Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group School of Psychology Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Isabelle Gibbs
- School of Applied Psychology Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jacob J. Keech
- School of Applied Psychology Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Martin S. Hagger
- School of Applied Psychology Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Psychological Sciences University of California Merced California USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
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Hamilton K, Keech JJ, Peden AE, Hagger MS. Protocol for developing a mental imagery intervention: a randomised controlled trial testing a novel implementation imagery e-health intervention to change driver behaviour during floods. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025565. [PMID: 30782937 PMCID: PMC6398747 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drowning due to driving into floodwater accounts for a significant proportion of all deaths by drowning. Despite awareness campaigns such as 'If it's flooded, forget it', people continue to drive into floodwater. This causes loss of life, risk to rescuers and damage to vehicles. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an online e-health intervention to promote safe driving behaviour during flood events. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study will use a 2×3 randomised controlled trial in which participants are randomised into one of two conditions: (1) education about the risks of driving into floodwater or (2) education about the risks of driving into floodwater plus a theory-based behaviour change intervention using planning and imagery exercises. The effect of the intervention on the primary outcome, intention to drive through floodwater and the secondary outcomes will be assessed using a series of mixed-model analysis of covariances. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Griffith University Human Research Ethics Committee. Participants will review a study information sheet and provide informed consent prior to commencing participation. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, industry reports, media releases and at academic conferences. Deidentified data will be made publicly available following publication of the results. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12618001212246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacob J Keech
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy E Peden
- Royal Life Saving Society – Australia, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin S Hagger
- School of Psychology, Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Caudwell KM, Keech JJ, Hamilton K, Mullan BA, Hagger MS. Reducing alcohol consumption during pre-drinking sessions: testing an integrated behaviour-change model. Psychol Health 2019; 34:106-127. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1518527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. Caudwell
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacob J. Keech
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbara A. Mullan
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin S. Hagger
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Keech JJ, Smith SR, Peden AE, Hagger MS, Hamilton K. The lived experience of rescuing people who have driven into floodwater: Understanding challenges and identifying areas for providing support. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 30:252-257. [PMID: 29893063 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drowning is a major public health issue, with risk increasing during times of flood. Driving into floodwater is a major risk factor for flood-related drowning and injury, and despite widespread public health campaigns, many people continue to undertake this risky behaviour and require rescue. PURPOSE We aimed to identify key challenges faced by emergency services personnel when rescuing those who have driven into floodwater, and to identify strategies for supporting rescuers in this important role. METHODS Australian flood rescue operators (N = 8) who had previously rescued a driver who had driven into floodwater participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Four challenges emerged from their experiences: involvement of untrained personnel; varying information provided by emergency telephone operators; behaviour of drivers complicating the rescue; people sightseeing floods or flood rescues or ignoring closed roads providing rescuers with sources of distraction and frustration. CONCLUSIONS We propose five strategies for translating these results into practice, including: training and protocol development for (i) emergency personnel and (ii) telephone operators; (iii) training for rescuers regarding non-compliant rescuees; (iv) educating the public and (v) increasing compliance with closed roads. Current findings provide valuable insights into how rescuers can be supported in performing their roles, and implementation of these strategies has the potential to reduce fatalities occurring due to attempting to drive through floodwater. SO WHAT?: The strategies presented have the potential to reduce the frequency and improve the outcomes of floodwater rescues, aiding in the prevention of injury and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Keech
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Smith
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy E Peden
- Royal Life Saving Society - Australia, Broadway, NSW, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin S Hagger
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Hamilton K, Keech JJ, Peden AE, Hagger MS. Alcohol use, aquatic injury, and unintentional drowning: A systematic literature review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:752-773. [PMID: 29862582 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES Drowning is a global public health issue, and there is a strong association between alcohol and risk of drowning. No previous systematic review known to date has identified factors associated with alcohol use and engagement in aquatic activities resulting in injury or drowning (fatal and non-fatal). APPROACH Literature published from inception until 31 January 2017 was reviewed. Included articles were divided into three categories: (i) prevalence and/or risk factors for alcohol-related fatal and non-fatal drowning and aquatic injury, (ii) understanding alcohol use and aquatic activities, and (iii) prevention strategies. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Level of Evidence and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales. KEY FINDINGS In total, 74 studies were included (57 on prevalence and/or risk factors, 15 on understanding alcohol use, and two on prevention strategies). Prevalence rates for alcohol involvement in fatal and non-fatal drowning varied greatly. Males, boating, not wearing lifejackets, and swimming alone (at night, and at locations without lifeguards) were risk factors for alcohol-related drowning. No specific age groups were consistently identified as being at risk. Study quality was consistently low, and risk of bias was consistently high across studies. Only two studies evaluated prevention strategies. IMPLICATIONS There is a need for higher quality studies and behavioural basic and applied research to better understand and change this risky behaviour. CONCLUSION On average, 49.46% and 34.87% of fatal and non-fatal drownings, respectively, involved alcohol, with large variations among studies observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Psychology and Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacob J Keech
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amy E Peden
- Royal Life Saving Society-Australia, Sydney, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Martin S Hagger
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Psychology and Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Keech JJ, Hagger MS, O’Callaghan FV, Hamilton K. The Influence of University Students’ Stress Mindsets on Health and Performance Outcomes. Ann Behav Med 2018; 52:1046-1059. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Keech
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin S Hagger
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Hagger MS, Trost N, Keech JJ, Chan DK, Hamilton K. Predicting sugar consumption: Application of an integrated dual-process, dual-phase model. Appetite 2017; 116:147-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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