1
|
Aksamitiene E, Heffelfinger RN, Hoek JB, Pribitkin ED. Standardized Pre-clinical Surgical Animal Model Protocol to Investigate the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemic Flap Healing. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:2. [PMID: 38229030 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some of the most complex surgical interventions to treat trauma and cancer include the use of locoregional pedicled and free autologous tissue transfer flaps. While the techniques used for these reconstructive surgery procedures have improved over time, flap complications and even failure remain a significant clinical challenge. Animal models are useful in studying the pathophysiology of ischemic flaps, but when repeatability is a primary focus of a study, conventional in-vivo designs, where one randomized subset of animals serves as a treatment group while a second subset serves as a control, are at a disadvantage instigated by greater subject-to-subject variability. Our goal was to provide a step-by-step methodological protocol for creating an alternative standardized, more economical, and transferable pre-clinical animal research model of excisional full-thickness wound healing following a simulated autologous tissue transfer which includes the primary ischemia, reperfusion, and secondary ischemia events with the latter mimicking flap salvage procedure. RESULTS Unlike in the most frequently used classical unilateral McFarlane's caudally based dorsal random pattern skin flap model, in the herein described bilateral epigastric fasciocutaneous advancement flap (BEFAF) model, one flap heals under normal and a contralateral flap-under perturbed conditions or both flaps heal under conditions that vary by one within-subjects factor. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the proposed experimental approach and, as a part of model validation, provide the examples of its use in laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) axial pattern flap healing studies. CONCLUSIONS This technically challenging but feasible reconstructive surgery model eliminates inter-subject variability, while concomitantly minimizing the number of animals needed to achieve adequate statistical power. BEFAFs may be used to investigate the spatiotemporal cellular and molecular responses to complex tissue injury, interventions simulating clinically relevant flap complications (e.g., vascular thrombosis) as well as prophylactic, therapeutic or surgical treatment (e.g., flap delay) strategies in the presence or absence of confounding risk factors (e.g., substance abuse, irradiation, diabetes) or favorable wound-healing promoting activities (e.g., exercise). Detailed visual instructions in BEFAF protocol may serve as an aid for teaching medical or academic researchers basic vascular microsurgery techniques that focus on precision, tremor management and magnification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edita Aksamitiene
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St., 6Th floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Present address: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave | M/C 251, Room 4357, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ryan N Heffelfinger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St., 6Th floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, Room 527, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Edmund deAzevedo Pribitkin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St., 6Th floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, 31st Floor, 1101 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barnhart BK, Kan T, Srivastava A, Wessner CE, Waters J, Ambelil M, Eisenbrey JR, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Longitudinal ultrasound imaging and network modeling in rats reveal sex-dependent suppression of liver regeneration after resection in alcoholic liver disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1102393. [PMID: 36969577 PMCID: PMC10033530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver resection is an important surgical technique in the treatment of cancers and transplantation. We used ultrasound imaging to study the dynamics of liver regeneration following two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx) in male and female rats fed via Lieber-deCarli liquid diet protocol of ethanol or isocaloric control or chow for 5–7 weeks. Ethanol-fed male rats did not recover liver volume to the pre-surgery levels over the course of 2 weeks after surgery. By contrast, ethanol-fed female rats as well as controls of both sexes showed normal volume recovery. Contrary to expectations, transient increases in both portal and hepatic artery blood flow rates were seen in most animals, with ethanol-fed males showing higher peak portal flow than any other experimental group. A computational model of liver regeneration was used to evaluate the contribution of physiological stimuli and estimate the animal-specific parameter intervals. The results implicate lower metabolic load, over a wide range of cell death sensitivity, in matching the model simulations to experimental data of ethanol-fed male rats. However, in the ethanol-fed female rats and controls of both sexes, metabolic load was higher and in combination with cell death sensitivity matched the observed volume recovery dynamics. We conclude that adaptation to chronic ethanol intake has a sex-dependent impact on liver volume recovery following liver resection, likely mediated by differences in the physiological stimuli or cell death responses that govern the regeneration process. Immunohistochemical analysis of pre- and post-resection liver tissue validated the results of computational modeling by associating lack of sensitivity to cell death with lower rates of cell death in ethanol-fed male rats. Our results illustrate the potential for non-invasive ultrasound imaging to assess liver volume recovery towards supporting development of clinically relevant computational models of liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Barnhart
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Toshiki Kan
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Corinne E. Wessner
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Waters
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manju Ambelil
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John R. Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- *Correspondence: Rajanikanth Vadigepalli,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manchel A, Mahadevan R, Bataller R, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling Reveals Sequential Dysregulation of Glutathione Metabolism in Livers from Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121157. [PMID: 36557195 PMCID: PMC9788589 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most severe form of alcoholic liver disease for which there is no efficacious treatment aiding most patients. AH manifests differently in individuals, with some patients showing debilitating symptoms more so than others. Previous studies showed significant metabolic dysregulation associated with AH. Therefore, we sought to analyze how the activity of metabolic pathways differed in the liver of patients with varying degrees of AH severity. We utilized a genome-scale metabolic modeling approach that allowed for integration of a generic human cellular metabolic model with specific RNA-seq data corresponding to healthy and multiple liver disease states to predict the metabolic fluxes within each disease state. Additionally, we performed a systems-level analysis of the transcriptomic data and predicted metabolic flux data to identify the regulatory and functional differences in liver metabolism with increasing severity of AH. Our results provide unique insights into the sequential dysregulation of the solute transport mechanisms underlying the glutathione metabolic pathway with increasing AH disease severity. We propose targeting of the solute transporters in the glutathione pathway to mimic the flux activity of the healthy liver state as a potential therapeutic intervention for AH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Manchel
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- The Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | - Jan B. Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Srivastava A, Barnhart BK, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. MicroRNA Drivers for Regenerative Capacity in Liver Transplantation. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Benjamin K. Barnhart
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manchel A, Barnhart B, Achanta S, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Integrating Single Cell RNAseq and Computational Modeling to Infer Hepatocyte Metabolic Functionalities during Liver Regeneration. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
6
|
Srivastava A, Parrish A, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Modulation of miR‐21 can reprogram the TGF‐β signaling pathway to alter HSC phenotype in vitro. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Austin Parrish
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Manchel A, Srivastava A, Bataller R, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Deconvolution of Bulk RNAseq Data from Human Liver Samples Reveals a Metabolic Switch in Periportal Hepatocytes in Alcoholic Hepatitis. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Manchel
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Verma A, Manchel A, Narayanan R, Hoek JB, Ogunnaike BA, Vadigepalli R. A Spatial Model of Hepatic Calcium Signaling and Glucose Metabolism Under Autonomic Control Reveals Functional Consequences of Varying Liver Innervation Patterns Across Species. Front Physiol 2021; 12:748962. [PMID: 34899380 PMCID: PMC8662697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.748962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid breakdown of hepatic glycogen stores into glucose plays an important role during intense physical exercise to maintain systemic euglycemia. Hepatic glycogenolysis is governed by several different liver-intrinsic and systemic factors such as hepatic zonation, circulating catecholamines, hepatocellular calcium signaling, hepatic neuroanatomy, and the central nervous system (CNS). Of the factors regulating hepatic glycogenolysis, the extent of lobular innervation varies significantly between humans and rodents. While rodents display very few autonomic nerve terminals in the liver, nearly every hepatic layer in the human liver receives neural input. In the present study, we developed a multi-scale, multi-organ model of hepatic metabolism incorporating liver zonation, lobular scale calcium signaling, hepatic innervation, and direct and peripheral organ-mediated communication between the liver and the CNS. We evaluated the effect of each of these governing factors on the total hepatic glucose output and zonal glycogenolytic patterns within liver lobules during simulated physical exercise. Our simulations revealed that direct neuronal stimulation of the liver and an increase in circulating catecholamines increases hepatic glucose output mediated by mobilization of intracellular calcium stores and lobular scale calcium waves. Comparing simulated glycogenolysis between human-like and rodent-like hepatic innervation patterns (extensive vs. minimal) suggested that propagation of calcium transients across liver lobules acts as a compensatory mechanism to improve hepatic glucose output in sparsely innervated livers. Interestingly, our simulations suggested that catecholamine-driven glycogenolysis is reduced under portal hypertension. However, increased innervation coupled with strong intercellular communication can improve the total hepatic glucose output under portal hypertension. In summary, our modeling and simulation study reveals a complex interplay of intercellular and multi-organ interactions that can lead to differing calcium dynamics and spatial distributions of glycogenolysis at the lobular scale in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aalap Verma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.,Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexandra Manchel
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rahul Narayanan
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Babatunde A Ogunnaike
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parrish A, Srivastava A, Juskeviciute E, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Dysregulation of miR-21-associated miRNA regulatory networks by chronic ethanol consumption impairs liver regeneration. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:546-555. [PMID: 34796728 PMCID: PMC8820682 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00113.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired liver regeneration has been considered as a hallmark of progression of alcohol-associated liver disease. Our previous studies demonstrated that in vivo inhibition of the microRNA (miRNA) miR21 can restore regenerative capacity of the liver in chronic ethanol-fed animals. The present study focuses on the role of microRNA regulatory networks that are likely to mediate the miR-21 action. Rats were chronically fed an ethanol-enriched diet along with pair-fed control animals and treated with AM21 (anti-miR-21), a locked nucleic acid antisense to miR-21. Partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed and miRNA expression profiling over the course of liver regeneration was assessed. Our results showed dynamic expression changes in several miRNAs after PHx, notably with altered miRNA expression profiles between ethanol and control groups. We found that in vivo inhibition of miR-21 led to correlated differential expression of miR-340-5p and anticorrelated expression of miR-365, let-7a, miR-1224, and miR-146a across all sample groups after PHx. Gene set enrichment analysis identified a miRNA signature significantly associated with hepatic stellate cell activation within whole liver tissue data. We hypothesized that at least part of the PHx-induced miRNA network changes responsive to miR-21 inhibition is localized to hepatic stellate cells. We validated this hypothesis using AM21 and TGF-β treatments in LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells in culture and measured expression levels of select miRNAs by quantitative RT-PCR. Based on the in vivo and in vitro results, we propose a hepatic stellate cell miRNA regulatory network as contributing to the restoration of liver regenerative capacity by miR-21 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Parrish
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Egle Juskeviciute
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gaspers LD, Thomas AP, Hoek JB, Bartlett PJ. Ethanol Disrupts Hormone-Induced Calcium Signaling in Liver. Function (Oxf) 2021; 2:zqab002. [PMID: 33604575 PMCID: PMC7875097 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-coupled phospholipase C (PLC) is an important target for the actions of ethanol. In the ex vivo perfused rat liver, concentrations of ethanol >100 mM were required to induce a rise in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) suggesting that these responses may only occur after binge ethanol consumption. Conversely, pharmacologically achievable concentrations of ethanol (≤30 mM) decreased the frequency and magnitude of hormone-stimulated cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ oscillations and the parallel translocation of protein kinase C-β to the membrane. Ethanol also inhibited gap junction communication resulting in the loss of coordinated and spatially organized intercellular Ca2+ waves in hepatic lobules. Increasing the hormone concentration overcame the effects of ethanol on the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations and amplitude of the individual Ca2+ transients; however, the Ca2+ responses in the intact liver remained disorganized at the intercellular level, suggesting that gap junctions were still inhibited. Pretreating hepatocytes with an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor suppressed the effects of ethanol on hormone-induced Ca2+ increases, whereas inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase potentiated the inhibitory actions of ethanol, suggesting that acetaldehyde is the underlying mediator. Acute ethanol intoxication inhibited the rate of rise and the magnitude of hormone-stimulated production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), but had no effect on the size of Ca2+ spikes induced by photolysis of caged IP3. These findings suggest that ethanol inhibits PLC activity, but does not affect IP3 receptor function. We propose that by suppressing hormone-stimulated PLC activity, ethanol interferes with the dynamic modulation of [IP3] that is required to generate large, amplitude Ca2+ oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Gaspers
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA,Address correspondence to L.D.G. (e-mail: )
| | - Andrew P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Paula J Bartlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rottenberg H, Hoek JB. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: Nexus of Aging, Disease and Longevity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010079. [PMID: 33418876 PMCID: PMC7825081 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mPTP, a highly regulated multi-component mega-channel, is enhanced in aging and in aging-driven degenerative diseases. mPTP activity accelerates aging by releasing large amounts of cell-damaging reactive oxygen species, Ca2+ and NAD+. The various pathways that control the channel activity, directly or indirectly, can therefore either inhibit or accelerate aging or retard or enhance the progression of aging-driven degenerative diseases and determine lifespan and healthspan. Autophagy, a catabolic process that removes and digests damaged proteins and organelles, protects the cell against aging and disease. However, the protective effect of autophagy depends on mTORC2/SKG1 inhibition of mPTP. Autophagy is inhibited in aging cells. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy, which retards aging by removing mitochondrial fragments with activated mPTP, is also inhibited in aging cells, and this inhibition leads to increased mPTP activation, which is a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The increased activity of mPTP in aging turns autophagy/mitophagy into a destructive process leading to cell aging and death. Several drugs and lifestyle modifications that enhance healthspan and lifespan enhance autophagy and inhibit the activation of mPTP. Therefore, elucidating the intricate connections between pathways that activate and inhibit mPTP, in the context of aging and degenerative diseases, could enhance the discovery of new drugs and lifestyle modifications that slow aging and degenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Rottenberg
- New Hope Biomedical R&D, 23 W. Bridge street, New Hope, PA 18938, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-267-614-5588
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- MitoCare Center, Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Markevich NI, Markevich LN, Hoek JB. Computational Modeling Analysis of Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Mitochondrial Assembled and Disintegrated Complex II. Front Physiol 2020; 11:557721. [PMID: 33178032 PMCID: PMC7596731 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.557721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as critical mediators in a broad range of cellular signaling processes. The mitochondrial electron transport chain is one of the major contributors to ROS formation in most cells. Increasing evidence indicates that the respiratory Complex II (CII) can be the predominant ROS generator under certain conditions. A computational, mechanistic model of electron transfer and ROS formation in CII was developed in the present study to facilitate quantitative analysis of mitochondrial ROS production. The model was calibrated by fitting the computer simulated results to experimental data obtained on submitochondrial particles (SMP) prepared from bovine and rat heart mitochondria upon inhibition of the ubiquinone (Q)-binding site by atpenin A5 (AA5) and Complex III by myxothiazol, respectively. The model predicts that only reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2) in the unoccupied dicarboxylate state and flavin semiquinone radical (FADH•) feature the experimentally observed bell-shaped dependence of the rate of ROS production on the succinate concentration upon inhibition of respiratory Complex III (CIII) or Q-binding site of CII, i.e., suppression of succinate-Q reductase (SQR) activity. The other redox centers of CII such as Fe-S clusters and Q-binding site have a hyperbolic dependence of ROS formation on the succinate concentration with very small maximal rate under any condition and cannot be considered as substantial ROS generators in CII. Computer simulation results show that CII disintegration (which results in dissociation of the hydrophilic SDHA/SDHB subunits from the inner membrane to the mitochondrial matrix) causes crucial changes in the kinetics of ROS production by CII that are qualitatively and quantitatively close to changes in the kinetics of ROS production by assembled CII upon inhibition of CIII or Q-binding site of CII. Thus, the main conclusions from the present computational modeling study are the following: (i) the impairment of the SQR activity of CII resulting from inhibition of CIII or Q-binding site of CII and (ii) CII disintegration causes a transition in the succinate-dependence of ROS production from a small-amplitude sigmoid (hyperbolic) shape, determined by Q-binding site or [3Fe-4S] cluster to a high-amplitude bell-shaped kinetics with a shift to small subsaturated concentrations of succinate, determined by the flavin site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan B Hoek
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barnhart B, Kan T, Wessner CE, Eisenbrey JR, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Sex‐dependent Liver Volume Recovery and Hemodynamics Measured by Non‐Invasive Ultrasound Imaging after Partial Hepatectomy in Rats. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
14
|
Barnhart B, Chopra C, Achanta S, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Compensatory Enzyme Expression In Response To Chronic Ethanol Intake And Partial Hepatectomy Disrupts Zone‐Specific Organization Of Lobular Metabolism In The Rat Liver. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Achanta S, Verma A, Srivastava A, Nilakantan H, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Chronic Alcohol-Mediated Shift in Hepatocyte Molecular States After Partial Hepatectomy. Gene Expr 2019; 19:97-119. [PMID: 30189915 PMCID: PMC6466177 DOI: 10.3727/105221618x15361728786767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of molecular states of individual cells, as defined by their mRNA expression profiles and protein composition, has gained widespread interest in studying biological phenomena ranging from embryonic development to homeostatic tissue function and genesis and evolution of cancers. Although the molecular content of individual cells in a tissue can vary widely, their molecular states tend to be constrained within a transcriptional landscape partly described by the canonical archetypes of a population of cells. In this study, we sought to characterize the effects of an acute (partial hepatectomy) and chronic (alcohol consumption) perturbation on the molecular states of individual hepatocytes during the onset and progression of liver regeneration. We analyzed the expression of 84 genes across 233 individual hepatocytes acquired using laser capture microdissection. Analysis of the single-cell data revealed that hepatocyte molecular states can be considered as distributed across a set of four states irrespective of perturbation, with the proportions of hepatocytes in these states being dependent on the perturbation. In addition to the quiescent, primed, and replicating hepatocytes, we identified a fourth molecular state lying between the primed and replicating subpopulations. Comparison of the proportions of hepatocytes from each experimental condition in these four molecular states suggested that, in addition to aberrant priming, a slower transition from primed to replication state could contribute toward ethanol-mediated suppression of liver regenerative response to partial hepatectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Achanta
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aalap Verma
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harshavardhan Nilakantan
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Barnhart BK, Hengstler JG, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. High‐Resolution Chronology of Murine Biological Responses to 70% Partial Hepatectomy. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.496.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Karl Barnhart
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO)DortmundGermany
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Verma A, Antony AN, Ogunnaike BA, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Causality Analysis and Cell Network Modeling of Spatial Calcium Signaling Patterns in Liver Lobules. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1377. [PMID: 30337879 PMCID: PMC6180170 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamics as well as localization of Ca2+ transients plays a vital role in liver function under homeostatic conditions, repair, and disease. In response to circulating hormonal stimuli, hepatocytes exhibit intracellular Ca2+ responses that propagate through liver lobules in a wave-like fashion. Although intracellular processes that control cell autonomous Ca2+ spiking behavior have been studied extensively, the intra- and inter-cellular signaling factors that regulate lobular scale spatial patterns and wave-like propagation of Ca2+ remain to be determined. To address this need, we acquired images of cytosolic Ca2+ transients in 1300 hepatocytes situated across several mouse liver lobules over a period of 1600 s. We analyzed this time series data using correlation network analysis, causal network analysis, and computational modeling, to characterize the spatial distribution of heterogeneity in intracellular Ca2+ signaling components as well as intercellular interactions that control lobular scale Ca2+ waves. Our causal network analysis revealed that hepatocytes are causally linked to multiple other co-localized hepatocytes, but these influences are not necessarily aligned uni-directionally along the sinusoids. Our computational model-based analysis showed that spatial gradients of intracellular Ca2+ signaling components as well as intercellular molecular exchange are required for lobular scale propagation of Ca2+ waves. Additionally, our analysis suggested that causal influences of hepatocytes on Ca2+ responses of multiple neighbors lead to robustness of Ca2+ wave propagation through liver lobules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aalap Verma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anil Noronha Antony
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Babatunde A Ogunnaike
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cook D, Achanta S, Hoek JB, Ogunnaike BA, Vadigepalli R. Cellular network modeling and single cell gene expression analysis reveals novel hepatic stellate cell phenotypes controlling liver regeneration dynamics. BMC Syst Biol 2018; 12:86. [PMID: 30285726 PMCID: PMC6171157 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent results from single cell gene and protein regulation studies are starting to uncover the previously underappreciated fact that individual cells within a population exhibit high variability in the expression of mRNA and proteins (i.e., molecular variability). By combining cellular network modeling, and high-throughput gene expression measurements in single cells, we seek to reconcile the high molecular variability in single cells with the relatively low variability in tissue-scale gene and protein expression and the highly coordinated functional responses of tissues to physiological challenges. In this study, we focus on relating the dynamic changes in distributions of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) functional phenotypes to the tightly regulated physiological response of liver regeneration. Results We develop a mathematical model describing contributions of HSC functional phenotype populations to liver regeneration and test model predictions through isolation and transcriptional characterization of single HSCs. We identify and characterize four HSC transcriptional states contributing to liver regeneration, two of which are described for the first time in this work. We show that HSC state populations change in vivo in response to acute challenges (in this case, 70% partial hepatectomy) and chronic challenges (chronic ethanol consumption). Our results indicate that HSCs influence the dynamics of liver regeneration through steady-state tissue preconditioning prior to an acute insult and through dynamic control of cell state balances. Furthermore, our modeling approach provides a framework to understand how balances among cell states influence tissue dynamics. Conclusions Taken together, our combined modeling and experimental studies reveal novel HSC transcriptional states and indicate that baseline differences in HSC phenotypes as well as a dynamic balance of transitions between these phenotypes control liver regeneration responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0605-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cook
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sirisha Achanta
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babatunde A Ogunnaike
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zakhari S, Hoek JB. Epidemiology of Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer: Association or Causation? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E349. [PMID: 30249004 PMCID: PMC6210419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have been used to show associations between modifiable lifestyle habits and the incidence of breast cancer. Among such factors, a history of alcohol use has been reported in multiple studies and meta-analyses over the past decades. However, associative epidemiological studies that were interpreted as evidence that even moderate alcohol consumption increases breast cancer incidence have been controversial. In this review, we consider the literature on the relationship between moderate or heavy alcohol use, both in possible biological mechanisms and in variations in susceptibility due to genetic or epigenetic factors. We argue that there is a need to incorporate additional approaches to move beyond the associations that are reported in traditional epidemiological analyses and incorporate information on molecular pathologic signatures as a requirement to posit causal inferences. In particular, we point to the efforts of the transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) to evaluate possible causal relationships, if any, of alcohol consumption and breast cancer. A wider application of the principles of MPE to this field would constitute a giant step that could enhance our understanding of breast cancer and multiple modifiable risk factors, a step that would be particularly suited to the era of "personalized medicine".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Zakhari
- Science Office, Distilled Spirits Council, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Romero F, Hong X, Shah D, Kallen CB, Rosas I, Guo Z, Schriner D, Barta J, Shaghaghi H, Hoek JB, Mesaros C, Choi AM, Snyder NW, Summer R. Lipid Synthesis Is Required to Resolve Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Limit Fibrotic Responses in the Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:225-236. [PMID: 29465261 PMCID: PMC6096342 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0340oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is evident in the alveolar epithelium of humans and mice with pulmonary fibrosis, but neither the mechanisms causing ER stress nor the contribution of ER stress to fibrosis is understood. A well-recognized adaptive response to ER stress is that affected cells induce lipid synthesis; however, we recently reported that lipid synthesis was downregulated in the alveolar epithelium in pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, we sought to determine whether lipid synthesis is needed to resolve ER stress and limit fibrotic remodeling in the lung. Pharmacologic and genetic manipulations were performed to assess whether lipid production is required for resolving ER stress and limiting fibrotic responses in cultured alveolar epithelial cells and whole-lung tissues. Concentrations of ER stress markers and lipid synthesis enzymes were also measured in control and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung tissues. We found that chemical agents that induce ER stress (tunicamycin or thapsigargin) enhanced lipid production in cultured alveolar epithelial cells and in the mouse lung. Moreover, lipid production was found to be dependent on the enzyme stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1, and when pharmacologically inhibited, ER stress persisted and lung fibrosis ensued. Conversely, lipid production was reduced in mouse and human fibrotic lung, despite there being an increase in the magnitude of ER stress. Furthermore, augmenting lipid production effectively reduced ER stress and mitigated fibrotic remodeling in the mouse lung after exposure to silica. Augmenting lipid production reduces ER stress and attenuates fibrotic remodeling in the mouse lung, suggesting that similar approaches might be effective for treating human fibrotic lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Romero
- Center for Translational Medicine
- Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | - Xu Hong
- Center for Translational Medicine
- Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Dilip Shah
- Center for Translational Medicine
- Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | | | - Ivan Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhi Guo
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - DeLeila Schriner
- Center for Translational Medicine
- Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | - Julie Barta
- Center for Translational Medicine
- Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | - Hoora Shaghaghi
- Center for Translational Medicine
- Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- University of Pennsylvania Superfund Research and Training Program (Penn SRP) Center and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, and
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Augustine M. Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- A. J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ross Summer
- Center for Translational Medicine
- Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gubbiotti MA, Seifert E, Rodeck U, Hoek JB, Iozzo RV. Metabolic reprogramming of murine cardiomyocytes during autophagy requires the extracellular nutrient sensor decorin. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16940-16950. [PMID: 30049794 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a master regulator of tissue homeostasis in health and disease. Here we examined how the small, leucine-rich, extracellular matrix proteoglycan decorin regulates cardiomyocyte metabolism during fasting in vivo First, we validated in Dcn -/- mice that decorin plays an essential role in autophagy induced by fasting. High-throughput metabolomics analyses of cardiac tissue in Dcn -/- mice subjected to fasting revealed striking differences in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway resulting in aberrant cardiac O-β-N-acetylglycosylation as compared with WT mice. Functionally, Dcn -/- mice maintained cardiac function at a level comparable with nonfasted animals whereas fasted WT mice showed reduced ejection fraction. Collectively, our results suggest that reduced sensing of nutrient deprivation in the absence of decorin preempts functional adjustments of cardiac output associated with metabolic reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gubbiotti
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Erin Seifert
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.,MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Jan B Hoek
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.,MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vadigepalli R, Hoek JB. Introduction to the Virtual Issue Alcohol and Epigenetic Regulation: Do the Products of Alcohol Metabolism Drive Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression in Alcohol-Related Disorders? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018. [PMID: 29532481 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aksamitiene E, Christopher V, Waters CM, Juskeviciute E, Addiya S, Hoek JB, Heffelfinger RN, Pribitkin E. Pre‐clinical identification of potential molecular diagnostic biomarkers of secondary ischemia in microvascular fasciocutaneous flaps. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.35.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edita Aksamitiene
- Otolaryngology ‐ Head & Neck SurgeryThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | | | | | - Egle Juskeviciute
- Pathology, Anatomy & Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Sankar Addiya
- MetaOmics Shared Resource of Sidney Kimmel Cancer CenterThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Pathology, Anatomy & Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | | | - Edmund Pribitkin
- Otolaryngology ‐ Head & Neck SurgeryThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Antony AN, Katona M, Juskeviciute E, Elrod JW, Hajnóczky G, Hoek JB. Fine‐tuning of hepatocyte calcium signaling and liver regeneration by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.536.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Noronha Antony
- MitoCare centerDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Máté Katona
- MitoCare centerDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Egle Juskeviciute
- MitoCare centerDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Center for Translational MedicineDepartment of PharmacologyTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare centerDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- MitoCare centerDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) is strongly associated with mitochondrial and cellular oxidative damage, aging, and degenerative diseases. However, mROS also induces pathways of protection of mitochondria that slow aging, inhibit cell death, and increase lifespan. Recent studies show that the activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which is triggered by mROS and mitochondrial calcium overloading, is enhanced in aged animals and humans and in aging-related degenerative diseases. mPTP opening initiates further production and release of mROS that damage both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, proteins, and phospholipids, and also releases matrix NAD that is hydrolyzed in the intermembrane space, thus contributing to the depletion of cellular NAD that accelerates aging. Oxidative damage to calcium transporters leads to calcium overload and more frequent opening of mPTP. Because aging enhances the opening of the mPTP and mPTP opening accelerates aging, we suggest that mPTP opening drives the progression of aging. Activation of the mPTP is regulated, directly and indirectly, not only by the mitochondrial protection pathways that are induced by mROS, but also by pro-apoptotic signals that are induced by DNA damage. We suggest that the integration of these contrasting signals by the mPTP largely determines the rate of cell aging and the initiation of cell death, and thus animal lifespan. The suggestion that the control of mPTP activation is critical for the progression of aging can explain the conflicting and confusing evidence regarding the beneficial and deleterious effects of mROS on health and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Rottenberg
- New Hope Biomedical R&D; 23 W. Bridge Street New Hope PA 18038 USA
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Cell Biology; MitoCare Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia PA 19107 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Achanta S, Verma A, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. PO4-15SINGLE CELL GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES A CHRONIC ALCOHOL-MEDIATED SHIFT IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF HEPATOCYTE MOLECULAR STATES AFTER PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY. Alcohol Alcohol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx074.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
27
|
Sariyer R, De-Simone FI, Donadoni M, Hoek JB, Chang SL, Sariyer IK. Alcohol-Mediated Missplicing of Mcl-1 Pre-mRNA is Involved in Neurotoxicity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1715-1724. [PMID: 28800142 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy and chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure can cause significant structural and functional damage to the adult brain. The most devastating consequence of EtOH exposure is the neurotoxicity associated with the depletion of neurons. Regulation of splice variants in the brain can modulate protein functions, which may ultimately affect behaviors associated with alcohol dependence and EtOH-mediated neurotoxicity. As alcohol consumption is associated with neurotoxicity, it is possible that altered splicing of survival and pro-survival factors during the development of alcoholism may contribute to the neurotoxicity. METHODS Primary human neurons and a neuroblastoma cell line were exposed to different concentrations of EtOH for various time periods. Cell viability and neuronal marker expression were analyzed by MTT assay and immunoblotting, respectively. Effect of EtOH exposure on splicing regulatory protein expression and alternative splicing of candidate genes was analyzed by a biochemical approach. Transcriptional activity of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) gene was determined by reporter gene analysis. RESULTS Our results suggest that EtOH exposure to neuronal cells at 25 mM and higher concentrations are detrimental. In addition, EtOH exposure caused a dramatic reduction in SRSF1 expression levels. Furthermore, EtOH exposure led to pre-mRNA missplicing of Mcl-1, a pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 family, by down-regulating the expression levels of SRSF1. Moreover, ectopic expression of both SRSF1 and Mcl-1L isoform was able to recover EtOH-mediated neurotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EtOH exposure can lead to pre-mRNA missplicing of Mcl-1 in neuronal cells. Our results indicate that EtOH exposure of neurons leads to a decrease in the ratio of Mcl-1L/Mcl-1S by favoring pro-apoptotic Mcl-1S splicing over anti-apoptotic Mcl-1L isoform suggesting that Mcl-1S may play a crucial role in neurotoxicity associated with alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahsan Sariyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Francesca I De-Simone
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Martina Donadoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey
| | - Ilker Kudret Sariyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aksamitiene E, Baker AL, Roy S, Hota S, Zhang LH, Rodin J, Hobelmann K, Hoek JB, Pribitkin EA. Biochemical Effects of Exercise on a Fasciocutaneous Flap in a Rat Model. JAMA FACIAL PLAST SU 2017; 19:303-310. [PMID: 28278315 DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2016.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Importance An overwhelming amount of data suggest that cardiovascular exercise has a positive effect on the mind and body, although the precise mechanism is not always clear. Objective To assess the clinical and biochemical effects of voluntary cardiovascular exercise on pedicled flaps in a rodent model. Design, Setting, and Participants Eighteen adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into a resting animal group (RAG) (n=9) and an exercise animal group (EAG) (n=9) for 14 days (July 23, 2013, through July 30, 2013). A pedicled transposition flap was performed on the ventral surface of the rat, and biopsy specimens were taken from the proximal, middle, and distal portions on postoperative days 0, 2, 5, and 9. Flap survival was analyzed planimetrically, and biopsy specimens were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin-stained microscopy and immunoblotting. The housing, exercise, surgery, and analysis of the rats were conducted at a single basic science research laboratory at the tertiary care center campus of Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Exposures The rats were caged for 14 days or housed in a cage connected to an exercise wheel and pedometer. Main Outcomes and Measures Study measures were gross and micrographic necrosis and expression of proteins within cell survival and apoptosis pathways. Results A total of 18 rats were studied, 9 in the RAG and 9 in the EAG. the mean (SEM) amount of necrosis in flaps was 41.3% (3%) in the RAG rats and 10.5% (3.5%) in the EAG rats (P < .001). Immunoblotting revealed increased Caspase-9 activity resulting in poly-(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage in the RAG vs the EAG, as well as lower phosphorylated protein kinase B (also known as Akt), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and total B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein levels. Throughout the postoperative period, the cumulative vascular endothelial growth factor A levels of the EAG flaps were significantly higher than those of the RAG flaps (2.30 vs 1.25 fold induction [FI], P = .002), with differences of 2.76 vs 1.54 FI in the proximal segment, 2.40 vs 1.20 FI in the middle segment, and 1.90 vs 0.79 FI in the distal segment. A similar response was noted when comparing phosphorylated Akt, with cumulative mean (SEM) p-Akt expression levels of 0.62 (0.04) for RAG and 1.98 (0.09) for EAG (P = .002 between the 2 groups). Conclusions and Relevance Voluntary preoperative exercise improves survival in pedicled fasciocutaneous flaps; the EAG rats had less necrosis, decreased apoptotic markers, and increased amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor A and prosurvival proteins. These results have implications to increase flap survival in other mammal populations, such as humans. Level of Evidence 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edita Aksamitiene
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam L Baker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sudeep Roy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Salini Hota
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Li-Hui Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julianna Rodin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kealan Hobelmann
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edmund A Pribitkin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bartlett PJ, Antony AN, Agarwal A, Hilly M, Prince VL, Combettes L, Hoek JB, Gaspers LD. Chronic alcohol feeding potentiates hormone-induced calcium signalling in hepatocytes. J Physiol 2017; 595:3143-3164. [PMID: 28220501 DOI: 10.1113/jp273891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Chronic alcohol consumption causes a spectrum of liver diseases, but the pathogenic mechanisms driving the onset and progression of disease are not clearly defined. We show that chronic alcohol feeding sensitizes rat hepatocytes to Ca2+ -mobilizing hormones resulting in a leftward shift in the concentration-response relationship and the transition from oscillatory to more sustained and prolonged Ca2+ increases. Our data demonstrate that alcohol-dependent adaptation in the Ca2+ signalling pathway occurs at the level of hormone-induced inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3 ) production and does not involve changes in the sensitivity of the IP3 receptor or size of internal Ca2+ stores. We suggest that prolonged and aberrant hormone-evoked Ca2+ increases may stimulate the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and contribute to alcohol-induced hepatocyte injury. ABSTRACT: 'Adaptive' responses of the liver to chronic alcohol consumption may underlie the development of cell and tissue injury. Alcohol administration can perturb multiple signalling pathways including phosphoinositide-dependent cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+ ]i ) increases, which can adversely affect mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, reactive oxygen species production and energy metabolism. Our data indicate that chronic alcohol feeding induces a leftward shift in the dose-response for Ca2+ -mobilizing hormones resulting in more sustained and prolonged [Ca2+ ]i increases in both cultured hepatocytes and hepatocytes within the intact perfused liver. Ca2+ increases were initiated at lower hormone concentrations, and intercellular calcium wave propagation rates were faster in alcoholics compared to controls. Acute alcohol treatment (25 mm) completely inhibited hormone-induced calcium increases in control livers, but not after chronic alcohol-feeding, suggesting desensitization to the inhibitory actions of ethanol. Hormone-induced inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3 ) accumulation and phospholipase C (PLC) activity were significantly potentiated in hepatocytes from alcohol-fed rats compared to controls. Removal of extracellular calcium, or chelation of intracellular calcium did not normalize the differences in hormone-stimulated PLC activity, indicating calcium-dependent PLCs are not upregulated by alcohol. We propose that the liver 'adapts' to chronic alcohol exposure by increasing hormone-dependent IP3 formation, leading to aberrant calcium increases, which may contribute to hepatocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Bartlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Anil Noronha Antony
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Mauricette Hilly
- INSERM UMR-S 757, Université de Paris-Sud, bât 443, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Victoria L Prince
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Laurent Combettes
- INSERM UMR-S 757, Université de Paris-Sud, bât 443, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Lawrence D Gaspers
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kuttippurathu L, Patra B, Cook D, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Pattern analysis uncovers a chronic ethanol-induced disruption of the switch-like dynamics of C/EBP-β and C/EBP-α genome-wide binding during liver regeneration. Physiol Genomics 2016; 49:11-26. [PMID: 27815535 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00097.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic ethanol intake impairs liver regeneration through a system-wide alteration in the regulatory networks driving the response to injury. Our study focused on the initial phase of response to 2/3rd partial hepatectomy (PHx) to investigate how adaptation to chronic ethanol intake affects the genome-wide binding profiles of the transcription factors C/EBP-β and C/EBP-α. These factors participate in complementary and often opposing functions for maintaining cellular differentiation, regulating metabolism, and governing cell growth during liver regeneration. We analyzed ChIP-seq data with a comparative pattern count (COMPACT) analysis, which exhaustively enumerates temporal patterns of discretized binding profiles to identify dominant as well as subtle patterns that may not be apparent from conventional clustering analyses. We found that adaptation to chronic ethanol intake significantly alters the genome-wide binding profile of C/EBP-β and C/EBP-α before and following PHx. A subset of these ethanol-induced changes include C/EBP-β binding to promoters of genes involved in the profibrogenic transforming growth factor-β pathway, and both C/EBP-β and C/EBP-α binding to promoters of genes involved in the cell cycle, apoptosis, homeostasis, and metabolic processes. The shift in C/EBP binding loci, coupled with an ethanol-induced increase in C/EBP-β binding at 6 h post-resection, indicates that ethanol adaptation may change both the amount and nature of C/EBP binding postresection. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic ethanol consumption leads to a spatially and temporally reorganized activity at many genomic loci, resulting in a shift in the dynamic balance and coordination of cellular processes underlying regenerative response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kuttippurathu
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Biswanath Patra
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Cook
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; and
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; .,MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Juskeviciute E, Dippold RP, Antony AN, Swarup A, Vadigepalli R, Hoek JB. Inhibition of miR-21 rescues liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in ethanol-fed rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G794-G806. [PMID: 27634014 PMCID: PMC5130549 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00292.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a clinically significant tissue repair process that is suppressed by chronic alcohol intake through poorly understood mechanisms. Recently, microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been suggested to serve as a crucial microRNA (miRNA) regulator driving hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy (PHx) in mice. However, we reported recently that miR-21 is significantly upregulated in ethanol-fed rats 24 h after PHx, despite inhibition of cell proliferation, suggesting a more complex role for this miRNA. Here, we investigate how inhibition of miR-21 in vivo affects the early phase of liver regeneration in ethanol-fed rats. Chronically ethanol-fed rats and pair-fed control animals were treated with AM21, a mixed locked nucleic acid-DNA analog antisense to miR-21 that inhibited miR-21 in vivo to undetectable levels. Liver regeneration after PHx was followed by cell proliferation marker and gene expression analysis, miRNA profiling, and cell signaling pathway analysis. Although liver regeneration was not significantly impaired by AM21 in chow-fed rats, AM21 treatment in ethanol-fed animals completely restored regeneration and enhanced PHx-induced hepatocyte proliferation to levels comparable to those of untreated or chow-fed animals. In addition, a marked deposition of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of stellate cell activation, which was evident in ethanol-treated animals after PHx, was effectively suppressed by AM21 treatment. Gene expression analysis further indicated that suppression of stellate cell-specific profibrogenic profiles and the Notch signaling contributed to AM21-mediated rescue from deficient hepatocyte proliferation in ethanol-fed animals. Our results indicate that the impact of miR-21 balances proproliferative effects with antiproliferative profibrogenic actions in regulating distinctive regenerative responses in normal vs. disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egle Juskeviciute
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachael P. Dippold
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anil N. Antony
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aditi Swarup
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rouleau L, Antony AN, Bisetto S, Newberg A, Doria C, Levine M, Monti DA, Hoek JB. Synergistic effects of ascorbate and sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma: New insights into ascorbate cytotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:308-322. [PMID: 27036367 PMCID: PMC4867251 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of selective ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity in tumor cells, including Hep G2 cells, compared to primary hepatocytes. H2O2 formation was required for ascorbate cytotoxicity, as extracellular catalase treatment protected tumor cells. H2O2 generated by glucose oxidase treatment also caused cell killing, but treatment with a pharmacologic dose (5-20mM) of ascorbate was significantly more cytotoxic at comparable rates of H2O2 production, suggesting that ascorbate enhanced H2O2 cytotoxicity. This was further supported by the finding that ascorbate at a non-cytotoxic dose (1mM) enhanced cell killing caused by glucose oxidase. Consistent with this conclusion, ascorbate treatment caused deregulation of cellular calcium homeostasis, resulting in massive mitochondrial calcium accumulation. Ascorbate acted synergistically with the chemotherapeutic sorafenib in killing Hep G2 cells, but not primary hepatocytes, suggesting adjuvant ascorbate treatment can broaden sorafenib's therapeutic range. Sorafenib caused mitochondrial depolarization and prevented mitochondrial calcium sequestration. Subsequent ascorbate addition further deregulated cellular calcium homeostasis promoting cell death. Additionally, we present the case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had prolonged regression of a rib metastasis upon combination treatment with ascorbate and sorafenib, indicating that these studies have direct clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rouleau
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Anil Noronha Antony
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Sara Bisetto
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrew Newberg
- Jefferson-Myrna Brind Center of Integrative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Cataldo Doria
- Division of Transplantation, Liver Tumor Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel A Monti
- Jefferson-Myrna Brind Center of Integrative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jan B Hoek
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Verma A, Makadia H, Hoek JB, Ogunnaike BA, Vadigepalli R. Computational Modeling of Spatiotemporal Ca(2+) Signal Propagation Along Hepatocyte Cords. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 63:2047-55. [PMID: 27076052 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2550045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to model the dynamics of lobular Ca(2+) wave propagation induced by an extracellular stimulus, and to analyze the effect of spatially systematic variations in cell-intrinsic signaling parameters on sinusoidal Ca(2+) response. METHODS We developed a computational model of lobular scale Ca(2+) signaling that accounts for receptor- mediated initiation of cell-intrinsic Ca(2+) signal in hepatocytes and its propagation to neighboring hepatocytes through gap junction-mediated molecular exchange. RESULTS Analysis of the simulations showed that a pericentral-to-periportal spatial gradient in hormone sensitivity and/or rates of IP3 synthesis underlies the Ca(2+) wave propagation. We simulated specific cases corresponding to localized disruptions in the graded pattern of these parameters along a hepatic sinusoid. Simulations incorporating locally altered parameters exhibited Ca(2+) waves that do not propagate throughout the hepatic plate. Increased gap junction coupling restored normal Ca(2+) wave propagation when hepatocytes with low Ca(2+) signaling ability were localized in the midlobular or the pericentral region. CONCLUSION Multiple spatial patterns in intracellular signaling parameters can lead to Ca(2+) wave propagation that is consistent with the experimentally observed spatial patterns of Ca(2+) dynamics. Based on simulations and analysis, we predict that increased gap junction-mediated intercellular coupling can induce robust Ca(2+) signals in otherwise poorly responsive hepatocytes, at least partly restoring the sinusoidally oriented Ca (2+) waves. SIGNIFICANCE Our bottom-up model of agonist-evoked spatial Ca(2+) patterns can be integrated with detailed descriptions of liver histology to study Ca(2+) regulation at the tissue level.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kuttippurathu L, Juskeviciute E, Dippold RP, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. A novel comparative pattern analysis approach identifies chronic alcohol mediated dysregulation of transcriptomic dynamics during liver regeneration. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:260. [PMID: 27012785 PMCID: PMC4807561 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver regeneration is inhibited by chronic ethanol consumption and this impaired repair response may contribute to the risk for alcoholic liver disease. We developed and applied a novel data analysis approach to assess the effect of chronic ethanol intake in the mechanisms responsible for liver regeneration. We performed a time series transcriptomic profiling study of the regeneration response after 2/3rd partial hepatectomy (PHx) in ethanol-fed and isocaloric control rats. RESULTS We developed a novel data analysis approach focusing on comparative pattern counts (COMPACT) to exhaustively identify the dominant and subtle differential expression patterns. Approximately 6500 genes were differentially regulated in Ethanol or Control groups within 24 h after PHx. Adaptation to chronic ethanol intake significantly altered the immediate early gene expression patterns and nearly completely abrogated the cell cycle induction in hepatocytes post PHx. The patterns highlighted by COMPACT analysis contained several non-parenchymal cell specific markers indicating their aberrant transcriptional response as a novel mechanism through which chronic ethanol intake deregulates the integrated liver tissue response. CONCLUSIONS Our novel comparative pattern analysis revealed new insights into ethanol-mediated molecular changes in non-parenchymal liver cells as a possible contribution to the defective liver regeneration phenotype. The results revealed for the first time an ethanol-induced shift of hepatic stellate cells from a pro-regenerative phenotype to that of an anti-regenerative state after PHx. Our results can form the basis for novel interventions targeting the non-parenchymal cells in normalizing the dysfunctional repair response process in alcoholic liver disease. Our approach is illustrated online at http://compact.jefferson.edu .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kuttippurathu
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Egle Juskeviciute
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Rachael P Dippold
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.,MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA. .,MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Antony AN, Paillard M, Moffat C, Juskeviciute E, Correnti J, Bolon B, Rubin E, Csordás G, Seifert EL, Hoek JB, Hajnóczky G. MICU1 regulation of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake dictates survival and tissue regeneration. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10955. [PMID: 26956930 PMCID: PMC4786880 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through the recently discovered Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) is controlled by its gatekeeper Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake 1 (MICU1). However, the physiological and pathological role of MICU1 remains unclear. Here we show that MICU1 is vital for adaptation to postnatal life and for tissue repair after injury. MICU1 knockout is perinatally lethal in mice without causing gross anatomical defects. We used liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy as a physiological stress response model. Upon MICU1 loss, early priming is unaffected, but the pro-inflammatory phase does not resolve and liver regeneration fails, with impaired cell cycle entry and extensive necrosis. Ca2+ overload-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) opening is accelerated in MICU1-deficient hepatocytes. PTP inhibition prevents necrosis and rescues regeneration. Thus, our study identifies an unanticipated dependence of liver regeneration on MICU1 and highlights the importance of regulating MCU under stress conditions when the risk of Ca2+ overload is elevated. Mitochondrial calcium uptake is a highly regulated process, and calcium overload can lead to cell death. Here, using knockout mouse model, the authors show that the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulator MICU1 is needed to prevent calcium overload and promotes survival under liver regeneration and postnatal adaptation-associated stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Noronha Antony
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Melanie Paillard
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Cynthia Moffat
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Egle Juskeviciute
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Jason Correnti
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Brad Bolon
- Comparative Pathology and Mouse Phenotyping Shared Resource, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Emanuel Rubin
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - György Csordás
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Erin L Seifert
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Jan B Hoek
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kuttippurathu L, Patra B, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. A novel comparative pattern count analysis reveals a chronic ethanol-induced dynamic shift in immediate early NF-κB genome-wide promoter binding during liver regeneration. Mol Biosyst 2016; 12:1037-56. [PMID: 26847025 PMCID: PMC4891188 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00740b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is a clinically important process that is impaired by adaptation to chronic alcohol intake. We focused on the initial time points following partial hepatectomy (PHx) to analyze the genome-wide binding activity of NF-κB, a key immediate early regulator. We investigated the effect of chronic alcohol intake on immediate early NF-κB genome-wide localization, in the adapted state as well as in response to partial hepatectomy, using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by promoter microarray analysis. We found many ethanol-specific NF-κB binding target promoters in the ethanol-adapted state, corresponding to the regulation of biosynthetic processes, oxidation-reduction and apoptosis. Partial hepatectomy induced a diet-independent shift in NF-κB binding loci relative to the transcription start sites. We employed a novel pattern count analysis to exhaustively enumerate and compare the number of promoters corresponding to the temporal binding patterns in ethanol and pair-fed control groups. The highest pattern count corresponded to promoters with NF-κB binding exclusively in the ethanol group at 1 h post PHx. This set was associated with the regulation of cell death, response to oxidative stress, histone modification, mitochondrial function, and metabolic processes. Integration with the global gene expression profiles to identify putative transcriptional consequences of NF-κB binding patterns revealed that several of ethanol-specific 1 h binding targets showed ethanol-specific differential expression through 6 h post PHx. Motif analysis yielded co-incident binding loci for STAT3, AP-1, CREB, C/EBP-β, PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α, likely participating in co-regulatory modules with NF-κB in shaping the immediate early response to PHx. We conclude that adaptation to chronic ethanol intake disrupts the NF-κB promoter binding landscape with consequences for the immediate early gene regulatory response to the acute challenge of PHx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kuttippurathu
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Biswanath Patra
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. and Mitocare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. and Mitocare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Antony AN, Paillard M, Moffat C, Juskeviciute E, Rubin E, Csordas G, Seifert E, Hajnoczky G, Hoek JB. MICU1 Regulation of Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake is Crucial for Liver Regeneration. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
38
|
Correnti JM, Cook D, Aksamitiene E, Swarup A, Ogunnaike B, Vadigepalli R, Hoek JB. Adiponectin fine-tuning of liver regeneration dynamics revealed through cellular network modelling. J Physiol 2015; 593:365-83. [PMID: 25630259 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Following partial hepatectomy, the liver initiates a regenerative programme involving hepatocyte priming and replication driven by the coordinated actions of cytokine and growth factors. We investigated the mechanisms underlying adiponectin's (Adn) regulation of liver regeneration through modulation of these mediators. Adn(-/-) mice showed delayed onset of hepatocyte replication, but accelerated cell cycle progression relative to wild-type mice, suggesting Adn has multiple effects fine-tuning the kinetics of liver regeneration. We developed a computational model describing the molecular and physiological kinetics of liver regeneration in Adn(-/-) mice. We employed this computational model to evaluate the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Our analysis predicted that Adn is required for an efficient early cytokine response to partial hepatectomy, but is inhibitory to later growth factor actions. Consistent with this prediction, Adn knockout reduced hepatocyte responses to interleukin-6 during the priming phase, but enhanced growth factor levels through peak hepatocyte replication. By contrast, supraphysiological concentrations of Adn resulting from rosiglitazone treatment suppressed regeneration by reducing growth factor levels during S phase, consistent with computational predictions. Together, these results revealed that Adn fine-tunes the progression of liver regeneration through dynamically modulating molecular mediator networks and cellular interactions within the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Correnti
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nilakantan H, Kuttippurathu L, Parrish A, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. In Vivo Zonal Variation and Liver Cell-Type Specific NF-κB Localization after Chronic Adaptation to Ethanol and following Partial Hepatectomy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140236. [PMID: 26452159 PMCID: PMC4599916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a major inflammatory response mediator in the liver, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. We investigated zonal as well as liver cell type-specific distribution of NF-κB activation across the liver acinus following adaptation to chronic ethanol intake and 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx). We employed immunofluorescence staining, digital image analysis and statistical distributional analysis to quantify subcellular localization of NF-κB in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We detected significant spatial heterogeneity of NF-κB expression and cellular localization between cytoplasm and nucleus across liver tissue. Our main aims involved investigating the zonal bias in NF-κB localization and determining to what extent chronic ethanol intake affects this zonal bias with in hepatocytes at baseline and post-PHx. Hepatocytes in the periportal area showed higher NF-κB expression than in the pericentral region in the carbohydrate-fed controls, but not in the ethanol group. However, the distribution of NF-κB nuclear localization in hepatocytes was shifted towards higher levels in pericentral region than in periportal area, across all treatment conditions. Chronic ethanol intake shifted the NF-κB distribution towards higher nuclear fraction in hepatocytes as compared to the pair-fed control group. Ethanol also stimulated higher NF-κB expression in a subpopulation of HSCs. In the control group, PHx elicited a shift towards higher NF-κB nuclear fraction in hepatocytes. However, this distribution remained unchanged in the ethanol group post-PHx. HSCs showed a lower NF-κB expression following PHx in both ethanol and control groups. We conclude that adaptation to chronic ethanol intake attenuates the liver zonal variation in NF-κB expression and limits the PHx-induced NF-κB activation in hepatocytes, but does not alter the NF-κB expression changes in HSCs in response to PHx. Our findings provide new insights as to how ethanol treatment may affect cell-type specific processes regulated by NF-κB activation in liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Nilakantan
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Kuttippurathu
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Austin Parrish
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Roy S, Aksamitiene E, Hota S, Zhang LH, Sciarrino J, Baker AL, Heffelfinger RN, Tuluc M, Hoek JB, Pribitkin EA. Aging effects on pedicled fasciocutaneous flap survival in rats. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E1152-62. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Roy
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Edita Aksamitiene
- Department of Pathology; Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Salini Hota
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Li-Hui Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Sciarrino
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Adam L. Baker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan N. Heffelfinger
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Pathology; Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Department of Pathology; Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Edmund A. Pribitkin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cook DJ, Patra B, Kuttippurathu L, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. A novel, dynamic pattern-based analysis of NF-κB binding during the priming phase of liver regeneration reveals switch-like functional regulation of target genes. Front Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26217230 PMCID: PMC4493398 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Following partial hepatectomy, a coordinated series of molecular events occurs to regulate hepatocyte entry into the cell cycle to recover lost mass. In rats during the first 6 h following resection, hepatocytes are primed by a tightly controlled cytokine response to prepare hepatocytes to begin replication. Although it appears to be a critical element driving regeneration, the cytokine response to resection has not yet been fully characterized. Specifically, the role of one of the key response elements to cytokine signaling (NF-κB) remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we present a novel, genome-wide, pattern-based analysis characterizing NF-κB binding during the priming phase of liver regeneration. We interrogated the dynamic regulation of priming by NF-κB through categorizing NF-κB binding in different temporal profiles: immediate sustained response, early transient response, and delayed response to partial hepatectomy. We then identified functional regulation of NF-κB binding by relating the temporal response profile to differential gene expression. We found that NF-κB bound genes govern negative regulation of cell growth and inflammatory response immediately following hepatectomy. NF-κB also transiently regulates genes responsible for lipid biosynthesis and transport as well as induction of apoptosis following hepatectomy. By the end of the priming phase, NF-κB regulation of genes involved in inflammatory response, negative regulation of cell death, and extracellular structure organization became prominent. These results suggest that NF-κB regulates target genes through binding and unbinding in immediate, transient, and delayed patterns. Such dynamic switch-like patterns of NF-κB binding may govern different functional transitions that drive the onset of regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cook
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, DE, USA
| | - Biswanath Patra
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Kuttippurathu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, DE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Markevich NI, Hoek JB. Computational modeling analysis of mitochondrial superoxide production under varying substrate conditions and upon inhibition of different segments of the electron transport chain. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1847:656-79. [PMID: 25868872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A computational mechanistic model of superoxide (O2•-) formation in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) was developed to facilitate the quantitative analysis of factors controlling mitochondrial O2•- production and assist in the interpretation of experimental studies. The model takes into account all individual electron transfer reactions in Complexes I and III. The model accounts for multiple, often seemingly contradictory observations on the effects of ΔΨ and ΔpH, and for the effects of multiple substrate and inhibitor conditions, including differential effects of Complex III inhibitors antimycin A, myxothiazol and stigmatellin. Simulation results confirm that, in addition to O2•- formation in Complex III and at the flavin site of Complex I, the quinone binding site of Complex I is an additional superoxide generating site that accounts for experimental observations on O2•- production during reverse electron transfer. However, our simulation results predict that, when cytochrome c oxidase is inhibited during oxidation of succinate, ROS production at this site is eliminated and almost all superoxide in Complex I is generated by reduced FMN, even when the redox pressure for reverse electron transfer from succinate is strong. In addition, the model indicates that conflicting literature data on the kinetics of electron transfer in Complex III involving the iron-sulfur protein-cytochrome bL complex can be resolved in favor of a dissociation of the protein only after electron transfer to cytochrome bH. The model predictions can be helpful in understanding factors driving mitochondrial superoxide formation in intact cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai I Markevich
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 14290, Russia.
| | - Jan B Hoek
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bastiaens P, Birtwistle MR, Blüthgen N, Bruggeman FJ, Cho KH, Cosentino C, de la Fuente A, Hoek JB, Kiyatkin A, Klamt S, Kolch W, Legewie S, Mendes P, Naka T, Santra T, Sontag E, Westerhoff HV, Kholodenko BN. Silence on the relevant literature and errors in implementation. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 33:336-9. [PMID: 25850052 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bastiaens
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Dept. of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- 1] Institut für Pathologie Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany. [2] Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Cosentino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alberto de la Fuente
- Department of Biomathematics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anatoly Kiyatkin
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steffen Klamt
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Walter Kolch
- 1] Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland. [2] Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland. [3] School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Pedro Mendes
- 1] Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. [2] School of Computer Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. [3] Center for Quantitative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Takashi Naka
- Faculty of Information Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tapesh Santra
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Sontag
- Department of Mathematics and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- 1] Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. [2] Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [3] Synthetic Systems Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boris N Kholodenko
- 1] Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland. [2] Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland. [3] School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The qualitative and quantitative measurements of protein abundance and modification states are essential in understanding their functions in diverse cellular processes. Typical Western blotting, though sensitive, is prone to produce substantial errors and is not readily adapted to high-throughput technologies. Multistrip Western blotting is a modified immunoblotting procedure based on simultaneous electrophoretic transfer of proteins from multiple strips of polyacrylamide gels to a single membrane sheet. In comparison with the conventional technique, Multistrip Western blotting increases data output per single blotting cycle up to tenfold; allows concurrent measurement of up to nine different total and/or posttranslationally modified protein expression obtained from the same loading of the sample; and substantially improves the data accuracy by reducing immunoblotting-derived signal errors. This approach enables statistically reliable comparison of different or repeated sets of data and therefore is advantageous to apply in biomedical diagnostics, systems biology, and cell signaling research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edita Aksamitiene
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Epidemiological studies have suggested a possible causative role of alcohol consumption as a risk factor for breast cancer. However, such conclusions should be interpreted with considerable caution for several reasons. While epidemiological studies can help identify the roots of health problems and disease incidence in a community, they are by necessity associative and cannot determine cause and effect relationships. In addition, all these studies rely on self-reporting to determine the amount and type of alcoholic beverage consumed, which introduces recall bias. This is documented in a recent study which stated that the apparent increased risk of cancer among light-moderate drinkers may be "substantially due to underreporting of intake." Another meta-analysis about alcohol and breast cancer declared "the modest size of the association and variation in results across studies leave the causal role of alcohol in question." Furthermore, breast cancer develops over decades; thus, correlations between alcohol consumption and breast cancer cannot be determined in epidemiological studies with windows of alcohol exposure that captures current or recent alcohol intake, after clinical diagnosis. Numerous risk factors are involved in breast carcinogenesis; some are genetic and beyond the control of a woman; others are influenced by lifestyle factors. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and polygenic disease which is further influenced by epigenetic mechanisms that affect the transciptomes, proteomes and metabolomes, and ultimately breast cancer evolution. Environmental factors add another layer of complexity by their interactions with the susceptibility genes for breast cancer and metabolic diseases. The current state-of-knowledge about alcohol and breast cancer association is ambiguous and confusing to both a woman and her physician. Confronting the huge global breast cancer issue should be addressed by sound science. It is advised that women with or without a high risk for breast cancer should avoid overconsumption of alcohol and should consult with their physician about risk factors involved in breast cancer. Since studies associating moderate alcohol consumption and breast cancer are contradictory, a woman and her physician should weigh the risks and benefits of moderate alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Zakhari
- Former Director, Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Romero F, Shah D, Duong M, Stafstrom W, Hoek JB, Kallen CB, Lang CH, Summer R. Chronic alcohol ingestion in rats alters lung metabolism, promotes lipid accumulation, and impairs alveolar macrophage functions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:840-9. [PMID: 24940828 PMCID: PMC4291549 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0127oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism impairs pulmonary immune homeostasis and predisposes to inflammatory lung diseases, including infectious pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although alcoholism has been shown to alter hepatic metabolism, leading to lipid accumulation, hepatitis, and, eventually, cirrhosis, the effects of alcohol on pulmonary metabolism remain largely unknown. Because both the lung and the liver actively engage in lipid synthesis, we hypothesized that chronic alcoholism would impair pulmonary metabolic homeostasis in ways similar to its effects in the liver. We reasoned that perturbations in lipid metabolism might contribute to the impaired pulmonary immunity observed in people who chronically consume alcohol. We studied the metabolic consequences of chronic alcohol consumption in rat lungs in vivo and in alveolar epithelial type II cells and alveolar macrophages (AMs) in vitro. We found that chronic alcohol ingestion significantly alters lung metabolic homeostasis, inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase, increasing lipid synthesis, and suppressing the expression of genes essential to metabolizing fatty acids (FAs). Furthermore, we show that these metabolic alterations promoted a lung phenotype that is reminiscent of alcoholic fatty liver and is characterized by marked accumulation of triglycerides and free FAs within distal airspaces, AMs, and, to a lesser extent, alveolar epithelial type II cells. We provide evidence that the metabolic alterations in alcohol-exposed rats are mechanistically linked to immune impairments in the alcoholic lung: the elevations in FAs alter AM phenotypes and suppress both phagocytic functions and agonist-induced inflammatory responses. In summary, our work demonstrates that chronic alcohol ingestion impairs lung metabolic homeostasis and promotes pulmonary immune dysfunction. These findings suggest that therapies aimed at reversing alcohol-related metabolic alterations might be effective for preventing and/or treating alcohol-related pulmonary disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan B. Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and
| | - Caleb B. Kallen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Charles H. Lang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Retson TA, Hoek JB, Sterling RC, Van Bockstaele EJ. Amygdalar neuronal plasticity and the interactions of alcohol, sex, and stress. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:3211-32. [PMID: 25081549 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are major medical problems affecting both men and women. Previous animal studies reported a difference in c-Fos neuronal activation after chronic alcohol exposure; however, females remain an understudied population. To model chronic alcohol exposure match-pair fed adult male and female rats were administered 14 days of a liquid ethanol containing diet. Analysis focused on the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), a region integral to stress sensitivity and substance abuse. Immunocytochemical approaches identified cells containing ΔFosB, a marker of sustained neuronal activation, and activity patterns within the CeA were mapped by subdivision and rostral-caudal extent. Significant interactions were present between all groups, with gender differences noted among control groups, and ethanol exposed animals having the greatest number of ΔFosB immunoreactive cells indicating baseline dysregulation. Compared with c-Fos, a marker of recent neuronal activation, male ethanol treated animals had similar activity to controls, indicating a neuronal habituation not seen in females. Next, a cohort of animals were exposed to the forced swim test (FST), and c-Fos was examined in addition to FST behavior. Neuronal activity was increased in ethanol exposed animals compared to controls, and control females compared to males, indicating a potentiated stress response. Further, a population of activated neurons were shown to contain either corticotropin releasing factor or enkephalin. The present data suggest that dysregulation in the CeA neuronal activity may underlie some of the negative sequelae of alcohol abuse, and may, in part, underlie the distinctive response seen between genders to alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Retson
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 417, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - J B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - R C Sterling
- Department of Psychiatry, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - E J Van Bockstaele
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
de Wit H, Hoek JB. Farewell to Drs. Ivan Diamond and T.-K. Li. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1821. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
49
|
Patra B, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Optimizing In Vivo Gene Delivery to Liver Cells Using Polyethylenimine Based Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1166/jpsp.2014.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
50
|
Correnti JM, Juskeviciute E, Swarup A, Hoek JB. Pharmacological ceramide reduction alleviates alcohol-induced steatosis and hepatomegaly in adiponectin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G959-73. [PMID: 24742988 PMCID: PMC4042116 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00395.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatosteatosis, the ectopic accumulation of lipid in the liver, is one of the earliest clinical signs of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Alcohol-dependent deregulation of liver ceramide levels as well as inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) activity are thought to contribute to hepatosteatosis development. Adiponectin can regulate lipid handling in the liver and has been shown to reduce ceramide levels and activate AMPK and PPAR-α. However, the mechanisms by which adiponectin prevents alcoholic hepatosteatosis remain incompletely characterized. To address this question, we assessed ALD progression in wild-type (WT) and adiponectin knockout (KO) mice fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet or isocaloric control diet. Adiponectin KO mice relative to WT had increased alcohol-induced hepatosteatosis and hepatomegaly, similar modest increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, and reduced liver TNF. Restoring circulating adiponectin levels using recombinant adiponectin ameliorated alcohol-induced hepatosteatosis and hepatomegaly in adiponectin KO mice. Alcohol-fed WT and adiponectin KO animals had equivalent reductions in AMPK protein and PPAR-α DNA binding activity compared with control-fed animals. No difference in P-AMPK/AMPK ratio was detected, suggesting that alcohol-dependent deregulation of AMPK and PPAR-α in the absence of adiponectin are not primary causes of the observed increase in hepatosteatosis in these animals. By contrast, alcohol treatment increased liver ceramide levels in adiponectin KO but not WT mice. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis in adiponectin KO mice abrogated alcohol-mediated increases in liver ceramides, steatosis, and hepatomegaly. These data suggest that adiponectin reduces alcohol-induced steatosis and hepatomegaly through regulation of liver ceramides, but its absence does not exacerbate alcohol-induced liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Correnti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Egle Juskeviciute
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aditi Swarup
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|