1
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Youn JH, Koh JS, Kyung KU. Soft Polymer-Actuated Compliant Microgripper with Adaptive Vibration-Controlled Grasp and Release. Soft Robot 2024. [PMID: 38557238 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2023.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microgrippers that incorporate soft actuators are appropriate for micromanipulation or microsurgery owing to their ability to grasp objects without causing damage. However, developing a microgripper with a large gripping range that can produce a large force with high speed remains challenging in soft actuation mechanisms. Herein, we introduce a compliant microgripper driven by a soft dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) called a spiral flexure cone DEA (SFCDEA). The submillimeter-scale SFCDEA exhibited a controllable linear displacement over a high bandwidth and the capability of lifting 100.9 g, which was 670 times higher than its mass. Subsequently, we developed a compliant microgripper based on the SFCDEA using smart composite microstructure technology to fabricate three-dimensional gripper linkages. We demonstrated that the microgripper was able to grasp various millimeter-scale objects with different shapes, sizes, and weights without a complex feedback control owing to its compliance. We proved the versatility of our gripper in robotic manipulation by demonstrating adaptive grasping and releasing of small objects using vibrations owing to its high bandwidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Tangible Interface Creative Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Uk Kyung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Koh JS, Cook AR, Seet RCS. Low incidence of neurological recurrent side effects following COVID-19 reimmunization. QJM 2023; 116:1039. [PMID: 37364012 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J S Koh
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute (Tan Tock Seng Hospital Campus), Singapore
| | - A R Cook
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - R C S Seet
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Ortega-Jimenez VM, Jusufi A, Brown CE, Zeng Y, Kumar S, Siddall R, Kim B, Challita EJ, Pavlik Z, Priess M, Umhofer T, Koh JS, Socha JJ, Dudley R, Bhamla MS. Air-to-land transitions: from wingless animals and plant seeds to shuttlecocks and bio-inspired robots. Bioinspir Biomim 2023; 18:051001. [PMID: 37552773 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acdb1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations of wingless animals, including jumping nematodes, springtails, insects, and wingless vertebrates like geckos, snakes, and salamanders, have shown that their adaptations and body morphing are essential for rapid self-righting and controlled landing. These skills can reduce the risk of physical damage during collision, minimize recoil during landing, and allow for a quick escape response to minimize predation risk. The size, mass distribution, and speed of an animal determine its self-righting method, with larger animals depending on the conservation of angular momentum and smaller animals primarily using aerodynamic forces. Many animals falling through the air, from nematodes to salamanders, adopt a skydiving posture while descending. Similarly, plant seeds such as dandelions and samaras are able to turn upright in mid-air using aerodynamic forces and produce high decelerations. These aerial capabilities allow for a wide dispersal range, low-impact collisions, and effective landing and settling. Recently, small robots that can right themselves for controlled landings have been designed based on principles of aerial maneuvering in animals. Further research into the effects of unsteady flows on self-righting and landing in small arthropods, particularly those exhibiting explosive catapulting, could reveal how morphological features, flow dynamics, and physical mechanisms contribute to effective mid-air control. More broadly, studying apterygote (wingless insects) landing could also provide insight into the origin of insect flight. These research efforts have the potential to lead to the bio-inspired design of aerial micro-vehicles, sports projectiles, parachutes, and impulsive robots that can land upright in unsteady flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Ortega-Jimenez
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - Ardian Jusufi
- Soft Kinetic Group, Engineering Sciences Department, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Institutes for Neuroinformatics and Palaeontology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Christian E Brown
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Science Center 110, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Science Center 110, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Sunny Kumar
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States of America
| | - Robert Siddall
- Aerial Robotics Lab, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Baekgyeom Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Elio J Challita
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States of America
| | - Zoe Pavlik
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - Meredith Priess
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - Thomas Umhofer
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - John J Socha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Robert Dudley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Science Center 110, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - M Saad Bhamla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States of America
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4
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Piao J, Kim M, Kim J, Kim C, Han S, Back I, Koh JS, Koo S. Development of a comfort suit-type soft-wearable robot with flexible artificial muscles for walking assistance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4869. [PMID: 36964180 PMCID: PMC10038994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anchoring components are added to wearable robots to ensure a stable interaction between the suits and the human body and to minimize the displacement of the suits. However, these components can apply pressure to the body and can cause user dissatisfaction, which can decrease willingness to use the suits. Therefore, this study aims to develop a suit-type soft-wearable robot platform for walking assistance by providing comfortable garment pressure to ensure user satisfaction. The first prototype of a wearable robot suit was developed with anchoring components on the shoulders, waist, and thighs based on previous research results. Wear tests were conducted to measure garment pressure depending on posture using pressure sensors, and satisfaction surveys were conducted. The second prototype design was then developed, and performance tests with flexible artificial muscles and a satisfaction survey were conducted. Regarding the first prototype, the participants felt more than normal pressure in the shoulders and relatively less pressure in the thighs and calves. Thus, compared to the first design, the second design ensured a decreased garment pressure and resulted in an improvement of overall user satisfaction. These results can help provide guidance in the development of wearable robots by taking pressure comfort and user satisfaction into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoli Piao
- Department of Clothing, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Kim
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Inryeol Back
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sumin Koo
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Gwon M, Kim D, Kim B, Han S, Kang D, Koh JS. Scale dependence in hydrodynamic regime for jumping on water. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1473. [PMID: 36927722 PMCID: PMC10020434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Momentum transfer from the water surface is strongly related to the dynamical scale and morphology of jumping animals. Here, we investigate the scale-dependent momentum transfer of various jumping organisms and engineered systems at an air-water interface. A simplified analytical model for calculating the maximum momentum transfer identifies an intermediate dynamical scale region highly disadvantageous for jumping on water. The Weber number of the systems should be designed far from 1 to achieve high jumping performance on water. We design a relatively large water-jumping robot in the drag-dominant scale range, having a high Weber number, for maximum jumping height and distance. The jumping robot, around 10 times larger than water striders, has a take-off speed of 3.6 m/s facilitated by drag-based propulsion, which is the highest value reported thus far. The scale-dependent hydrodynamics of water jumpers provides a useful framework for understanding nature and robotic system interacting with the water surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Gwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Baekgyeom Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeshik Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Ko J, Kim C, Kim D, Song Y, Lee S, Yeom B, Huh J, Han S, Kang D, Koh JS, Cho J. High-performance electrified hydrogel actuators based on wrinkled nanomembrane electrodes for untethered insect-scale soft aquabots. Sci Robot 2022; 7:eabo6463. [DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abo6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have diverse chemical properties and can exhibit reversibly large mechanical deformations in response to external stimuli; these characteristics suggest that hydrogels are promising materials for soft robots. However, reported actuators based on hydrogels generally suffer from slow response speed and/or poor controllability due to intrinsic material limitations and electrode fabrication technologies. Here, we report a hydrogel actuator that operates at low voltages (<3 volts) with high performance (strain > 50%, energy density > 7 × 10
5
joules per cubic meter, and power density > 3 × 10
4
watts per cubic meter), surpassing existing hydrogel actuators and other types of electroactive soft actuators. The enhanced performance of our actuator is due to the formation of wrinkled nanomembrane electrodes that exhibit high conductivity and excellent mechanical deformation through capillary-assisted assembly of metal nanoparticles and deswelling-induced wrinkled structures. By applying an electric potential through the wrinkled nanomembrane electrodes that sandwich the hydrogel, we were able to trigger a reversible and substantial electroosmotic water flow inside a hydrogel film, which drove the controlled swelling of the hydrogel. The high energy efficiency and power density of our wrinkled nanomembrane electrode–induced actuator enabled the fabrication of an untethered insect-scale aquabot integrated with an on-board control unit demonstrating maneuverability with fast locomotion speed (1.02 body length per second), which occupies only 2% of the total mass of the robot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkuk Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongkwon Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeshik Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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7
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Song HG, Ahn JH, Koh JS, Bae JS, Park YW, Hwang SJ, Hwang JY, Jeong YH. Prognostic implication of residual inflammatory risk according to disease status in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Compared with stable angina, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) phenotype is related with the elevated inflammatory activity. However, time-dependent change of inflammatory level and its prognostic implication has not been fully understood according to the disease entity.
Methods
We enrolled total 4,263 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with serial measurement of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) at on-admission and 1-month post-PCI. The risks of MACE (a composite of death, MI or stroke), and major bleeding were evaluated up to 4 years after procedure.
Results
Compared with the non-AMI group (n=1,887), the AMI group (n=2,376) showed the significant decrease of hs-CRP during 1 month (∇0.5 vs. ∇0.1 mg/L; P<0.001). However, 1-month hs-CRP value still was higher in the AMI group than in the non-AMI group (median: 1.0 vs. 0.9 mg/L; P=0.001). During 1-month follow-up, high vs. low inflammatory risk (upper vs. lower tertile of hs-CRP) was significantly associated with increased rate of MACE in the AMI group (HR: 7.66; 95% CI: 2.29–25.59; P<0.001), but not in the non-AMI group (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.12–4.40; P=0.736). From 1-month to 4-years, patients with high inflammatory risk showed the greater rate of MACE compared to those with low inflammatory risk, in both the AMI (HR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.73–3.45; P<0.001) and non-AMI (HR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.80–3.94; P<0.001) groups.
Conclusion
In PCI-treated patients, patients presented with AMI showed the greater values of inflammatory activity and its prognostic implication during the early phase, but combined inflammatory risk appeared similar across the disease entity during the late phase. This result may support that clinical benefit of post-PCI anti-inflammatory treatment would be constant regardless of the disease entity during the stabilized phase.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Song
- Department of Cardiology, Heart-Brain Hospital, Chung-Ang University Gwang-Myeong Medical Center , Gwang-Myeong , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Ahn
- Cardiovascular Center, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Koh
- Cardiovascular Center, Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jin-Ju , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Bae
- Cardiovascular Center, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y W Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Hwang
- Cardiovascular Center, Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jin-Ju , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Hwang
- Cardiovascular Center, Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jin-Ju , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Heart-Brain Hospital, Chung-Ang University Gwang-Myeong Medical Center , Gwang-Myeong , Korea (Republic of)
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8
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Kim D, Kim B, Shin B, Shin D, Lee CK, Chung JS, Seo J, Kim YT, Sung G, Seo W, Kim S, Hong S, Hwang S, Han S, Kang D, Lee HS, Koh JS. Actuating compact wearable augmented reality devices by multifunctional artificial muscle. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4155. [PMID: 35851053 PMCID: PMC9293895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An artificial muscle actuator resolves practical engineering problems in compact wearable devices, which are limited to conventional actuators such as electromagnetic actuators. Abstracting the fundamental advantages of an artificial muscle actuator provides a small-scale, high-power actuating system with a sensing capability for developing varifocal augmented reality glasses and naturally fit haptic gloves. Here, we design a shape memory alloy-based lightweight and high-power artificial muscle actuator, the so-called compliant amplified shape memory alloy actuator. Despite its light weight (0.22 g), the actuator has a high power density of 1.7 kW/kg, an actuation strain of 300% under 80 g of external payload. We show how the actuator enables image depth control and an immersive tactile response in the form of augmented reality glasses and two-way communication haptic gloves whose thin form factor and high power density can hardly be achieved by conventional actuators. Artificial muscle actuators enabled by responsive functional materials like shape memory alloys are promising candidates for compact e-wearable devices. Here, authors demonstrate augmented reality glasses and two-way communication haptic gloves capable of image depth control and immersive tactile response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Baekgyeom Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsu Shin
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Electronics, 34, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06765, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kun Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Electronics, 34, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06765, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Chung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Electronics, 34, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06765, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwon Seo
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Electronics, 34, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06765, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Tae Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Electronics, 34, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06765, Republic of Korea
| | - Geeyoung Sung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Electronics, 34, Seongchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06765, Republic of Korea
| | - Wontaek Seo
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hong
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hwang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea.,Samsung SDS, 125, Olympic-ro, 35-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05510, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeshik Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Seok Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Kim D, Gwon M, Kim B, Ortega-Jimenez VM, Han S, Kang D, Bhamla MS, Koh JS. Design of a Biologically Inspired Water-Walking Robot Powered by Artificial Muscle. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:mi13040627. [PMID: 35457930 PMCID: PMC9027874 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The agile and power-efficient locomotion of a water strider has inspired many water-walking devices. These bioinspired water strider robots generally adopt a DC motor to create a sculling trajectory of the driving leg. These robots are, thus, inevitably heavy with many supporting legs decreasing the velocity of the robots. There have only been a few attempts to employ smart materials despite their advantages of being lightweight and having high power densities. This paper proposes an artificial muscle-based water-walking robot capable of moving forward and turning with four degrees of freedom. A compliant amplified shape memory alloy actuator (CASA) used to amplify the strain of a shape memory alloy wire enables a wide sculling motion of the actuation leg with only four supporting legs to support the entire weight of the robot. Design parameters to increase the actuation strain of the actuator and to achieve a desired swing angle (80°) are analyzed. Finally, experiments to measure the forward speed and angular velocities of the robot are carried out to compare with other robots. The robot weighs only 0.236 g and has a maximum and average speed of 1.56, 0.31 body length per second and a maximum and average angular velocity of 145.05°/s and 14.72°/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Korea; (D.K.); (M.G.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.)
| | - Minseok Gwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Korea; (D.K.); (M.G.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.)
| | - Baekgyeom Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Korea; (D.K.); (M.G.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.)
| | - Victor M. Ortega-Jimenez
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Korea; (D.K.); (M.G.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.)
| | - Daeshik Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Korea; (D.K.); (M.G.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.)
| | - M. Saad Bhamla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.S.B.); (J.-S.K.); Tel.: +1-404-894-2856 (M.S.B.); +82-31-219-2353 (J.-S.K.)
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Korea; (D.K.); (M.G.); (B.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.B.); (J.-S.K.); Tel.: +1-404-894-2856 (M.S.B.); +82-31-219-2353 (J.-S.K.)
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10
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Dang J, Chieng JSL, Dona NWDM, Geoiphy PG, Koh JS. Reverse split hand syndrome and distinctive spine imaging features in Hirayama disease. QJM 2022; 115:184-185. [PMID: 35150273 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Dang
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Level 1, Singapore, Postal Code 308433
| | - J S L Chieng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore, Postal Code 768828
| | | | - P G Geoiphy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology , Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore, Postal Code 768828
| | - J S Koh
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Level 1, Singapore, Postal Code 308433
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11
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Koh JS, Goh Y, Tan BYQ, Hui ACF, Hoe RHM, Makmur A, Kei PL, Vijayan J, Ng KWP, Quek AML, Thirugnanm U. Neuralgic amyotrophy following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. QJM 2021; 114:503-505. [PMID: 34347105 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J S Koh
- From the Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute (Tan Tock Seng Hospital Campus), 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433 Singapore
| | - Y Goh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228
| | - B Y-Q Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228
| | - A C-F Hui
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital: 1 Jurong East Street 21, Singapore 609606
| | - R H M Hoe
- From the Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute (Tan Tock Seng Hospital Campus), 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433 Singapore
| | - A Makmur
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228
| | - P L Kei
- Department of Radiology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital: 1 Jurong East Street 21, Singapore 609606
| | - J Vijayan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228
| | - K W P Ng
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228
| | - A M L Quek
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228
| | - U Thirugnanm
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228
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12
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Min T, Cheong E, Lee C, Park D, Kim B, Rodrigue H, Koh JS, Lee D. Print-and-Spray Electromechanical Metamaterials. Soft Robot 2021; 9:882-888. [PMID: 34704849 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2021.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of novel stretchable and conductive materials have been developed, but all exhibit a large increase in resistance upon stretching. In this article, the design and fabrication methods of two types of electromechanical metamaterials are presented, where the first has an invariant electrical resistance and the second has a decreasing electrical resistance upon elongation. The metamaterials can be fabricated by a few rapid and simple steps: a flexible polymer part is three-dimensional printed and sprayed with a conductive coating. Parametric optimization of the geometrical dimensions of the resistance invariant structure yielded a metamaterial with a nearly constant electrical resistance up to ∼1100% of tensile strain, whose behavior could be predicted using the finite element method. The second metamaterial had a resistance that reduced by as much as 38% over a displacement of 600 μm. The design principles of these new types of metamaterials can open new possibilities for high-performance soft robots and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Min
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Euimin Cheong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changryeol Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baekgyeom Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugo Rodrigue
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Roh Y, Kim M, Won SM, Lim D, Hong I, Lee S, Kim T, Kim C, Lee D, Im S, Lee G, Kim D, Shin D, Gong D, Kim B, Kim S, Kim S, Kim HK, Koo BK, Seo S, Koh JS, Kang D, Han S. Vital signal sensing and manipulation of a microscale organ with a multifunctional soft gripper. Sci Robot 2021; 6:eabi6774. [PMID: 34644158 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abi6774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwook Roh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Won
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Insic Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewi Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Doohoe Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Im
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhee Lee
- Department of Environment Machinery, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Gong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Baekgyeom Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyeong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Chosun University Hospital, University of Chosun College of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Seo
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, EulJi University, Seoul 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeshik Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Multiscale Bio-inspired Technology Lab, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kang MG, Kim KH, Park HW, Koh JS, Hwang SJ, Hwang JY, Park JR. Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with peripheral artery disease and adverse cardiovascular adverse event and bleeding. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) increase the risk of comorbidity and mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD).
Objectives
We evaluate influence of PAD on prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods
We analyzed all consecutive patients included in our dedicated local registry for PCI between January 2011 and December 2016. Presence of PAD was defined by decreased ankle-brachial index (<0.9). Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarct, revascularization, and ischemic stroke. Major bleeding was defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 or 5.
Results
Among the 4,747 patients who underwent the PCI, 12.9% (n=610) of PAD were identified. Old age (>60 years), renal dysfunction, reduced ejection fraction, and presence of PAD were predictors with both MACE and major bleeding event. Among them, presence of PAD was an independent risk factor of MACE and major bleeding (MACE, HR 8.26, 95% CI 2.33- 29.41, p=0.036; major bleeding, HR 3.11, 95% CI 1.10–10.63, p=0.040, respectively). The MACE and major bleeding rate at 5-year was significantly increased in patients with PAD (MACE, 30.0% vs. 15.8%, log rank test p<0.001; major bleeding, 6.7 vs. 3.6%, log rank test p=0.003, respectively) (Figure).
Conclusion
Presence of PAD was strongly associated with higher rate of long-term MACE and major bleeding. These findings could have a clinical relevance in requiring individualized pharmacologic strategies to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Kang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - K H Kim
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H W Park
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Koh
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Hwang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Hwang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J R Park
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
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15
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Kang MG, Kim KH, Park HW, Koh JS, Park JR, Park YH, Hwang SJ, Jeong YH, Kwak CH, Ahn JH, Song HN, Hwang JY. Impact of active and stable cancer on survival in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With advances in treatment of ischemic heart disease and cancer treatment, use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in cancer survivors and patients with active cancer (AC) is expanding.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of cancer on survival and major cardiovascular events (MACE) in a long-term, single-center cohort of patients treated with PCI.
Methods
Patients treated with PCI between January 2010 and December 2017 were grouped as follows: controls (patients without cancer), stable cancer (SC), and AC. AC was included patients with cancer diagnosed within the past 6 months, patients who had cancer-related therapy within the past 6 months, active metastatic disease, or active recurrence of the cancer. The primary endpoints were 5-year survival and a secondary endpoint was 5-year MACE.
Results
A total of 6,743 patients (age 66±12 years, 68.4% men) treated with PCI were included: 6,404 (95.0%) controls, 245 (3.6%) SC, and 94 (1.4%) AC. Predominant malignancies were gastrointestinal (37.4%), lung (22.7%), and genitourinary cancer (14.7%). No differences were observed between patients with AC, SC and controls regarding 5-year MACE (total MACE, 33.2% vs. 28.1% vs. 17.5%, p=0.072; cardiac death, 13.6% vs. 9.1% vs. 6.7%, p=0.066; non-fatal myocardial infarction, 2.9% vs. 7.5% vs. 7.8%, p=0.820; revascularization, 17.9% vs. 17.6% vs. 11.6%, p=0.794, respectively). Patients with AC and SC had reduced 5-year survival compared with controls (62.0% vs. 81.5% vs. 89.8%, p<0.001) (Figure). AC was associated with a 1.76 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.54, p=0.002) fold increased risk of all-cause 5-year mortality in multivariable adjusted models.
Conclusions
Cumulative incidence of 5-year survival was discriminated by concurrent status of cancer following PCI. Individualized decision making is needed in the routine practice of PCI regarding concurrent cancer-specific treatment and prognosis.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Kang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - K H Kim
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H W Park
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Koh
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J R Park
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Park
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Hwang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Jeong
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - C H Kwak
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Ahn
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H N Song
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Hwang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
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16
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Lee HJ, Baik S, Hwang GW, Song JH, Kim DW, Park BY, Min H, Kim JK, Koh JS, Yang TH, Pang C. An Electronically Perceptive Bioinspired Soft Wet-Adhesion Actuator with Carbon Nanotube-Based Strain Sensors. ACS Nano 2021; 15:14137-14148. [PMID: 34425674 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of bioinspired switchable adhesive systems has promising solutions in various industrial/medical applications. Switchable and perceptive adhesion regardless of the shape or surface shape of the object is still challenging in dry and aquatic surroundings. We developed an electronic sensory soft adhesive device that recapitulates the attaching, mechanosensory, and decision-making capabilities of a soft adhesion actuator. The soft adhesion actuator of an artificial octopus sucker may precisely control its robust attachment against surfaces with various topologies in wet environments as well as a rapid detachment upon deflation. Carbon nanotube-based strain sensors are three-dimensionally coated onto the irregular surface of the artificial octopus sucker to mimic nerve-like functions of an octopus and identify objects via patterns of strain distribution. An integration with machine learning complements decision-making capabilities to predict the weight and center of gravity for samples with diverse shapes, sizes, and mechanical properties, and this function may be useful in turbid water or fragile environments, where it is difficult to utilize vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon Joon Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyul Baik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gui Won Hwang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Wan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yong Park
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Data Science, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongho Min
- Department SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Heon Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ko J, Kim D, Song Y, Lee S, Kwon M, Han S, Kang D, Kim Y, Huh J, Koh JS, Cho J. Electroosmosis-Driven Hydrogel Actuators Using Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Layer-By-Layer Assembly-Induced Crack Electrodes. ACS Nano 2020; 14:11906-11918. [PMID: 32885947 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Development of soft actuators with higher performance and more versatile controllability has been strongly required for further innovative advancement of various soft applications. Among various soft actuators, electrochemical actuators have attracted much attention due to their lightweight, simple device configuration, and facile low-voltage control. However, the reported performances have not been satisfactory because their working mechanism depends on the limited electrode expansion by conventional electrochemical reactions. Herein, we report an electroosmosis-driven hydrogel actuator with a fully soft monolithic structure-based whole-body actuation mechanism using an amphiphilic interaction-induced layer-by-layer assembly. For this study, cracked electrodes with interconnected metal nanoparticles are prepared on hydrogels through layer-by-layer assembly and shape transformation of metal nanoparticles at hydrophobic/hydrophilic solvent interfaces. Electroosmotic pumping by cracked electrodes instantaneously induces hydrogel swelling through reversible and substantial hydraulic flow. The resultant actuator exhibits actuation strain of higher than 20% and energy density of 1.06 × 105 J m-3, allowing various geometries (e.g., curved-planar and square-pillared structures) and motions (e.g., slow-relaxation, spring-out, and two degree of freedom bending). In particular, the energy density of our actuators shows about 10-fold improvement than those of skeletal muscle, electrochemical actuators, and various stimuli-responsive hydrogel actuators reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkuk Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongkwon Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeshik Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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19
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Kim K, Kim HR, Kang MG, Park HY, Koh JS, Hwang SJ, Hwang JY, Park JR. P1416 Clinical importance of consecutive transthoracic echocardiography in the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
nothing
OnBehalf
nothing
Background
prediction of outcomes Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have been robustly analyzed with echocardiography. However, there is limited data of serial follow-up (FU) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to predict outcomes in patients with HCM.
Objectives
This study aim is to discover clinical predictors associated with consecutive TTE follow-up in patients with HCM.
Methods
From 2010 to 2016, 162 patients with HCM were enrolled retrospectively. Concentric LVH and others systolic disease related to wall thickness were excluded. Index TTE (baseline) was measured when firstly admitted in our hospital. FU TTE was analyzed at the end of follow-up, defined as the last recorded value in patients who did not develop events or the last recorded value before events developed.
Results
The average of FU TTE and clinical FU period was 3.7 ± 2.0 years. Clinical outcomes were defined as stroke, syncope, heart failure, arrhythmia and death. Interestingly, only baseline TR V max was a predictor for clinical outcome whereas the others echo parameters were not associated with events (Table 1). KM curve showed the TR Vmax ≥2.5m/s was also significant (log rank = 0.008, Fig 1.)
Conclusions Our study showed short-term FU TTE did not bring clinician with clinical benefits in the aspect of prediction for events. Only baseline TR V max was good correlation with cardiovascular outcomes and even in the survival analysis.
Serial TTE and changed values Total N = 162 index TTE (baseline) FU TTE Change of FU per year event no event p-value event no event p-value event no event p-value IVDd, mm 14 ± 4 15 ± 5 0.500 15 ± 5 14 ± 5 0.758 0.23 ± 0.51 -0.07 ± 1.27 0.200 LVIDd, mm 47 ± 5 48 ± 6 0.256 47 ± 7 48 ± 6 0.560 -0.22 ± 2.79 0.10 ± 2.27 0.444 LVEF, % 62 ± 5 61 ± 7 0.379 61 ± 6 61 ± 10 0.927 -0.43 ± 3.10 -0.04 ± 4.94 0.620 LAVI 43 ± 9 43 ± 8 0.879 57 ± 27 58 ± 23 0.849 0.53 ± 14.5 3.11 ± 7.2 0.134 EA ratio 0.9 ± 0.6 0.9 ± 0.6 0.782 1.0 ± 0.8 0.9 ± 0.6 0.595 -0.02 ± 0.76 0.003 ± 0.027 0.594 DT,ms 196 ± 58 201 ± 62 0.603 203 ± 91 217 ± 89 0.370 17 ± 57 5 ± 40 0.154 septal e` 4.4 ± 2.1 4.2 ± 1.6 0.585 4.4 ± 1.6 4.6 ± 1.7 0.438 0.24 ± 0.91 0.05 ± 0.65 0.190 E of e` 17 ± 11 17 ± 23 0.993 15 ± 9 15 ± 6 0.726 -0.48 ± 4.42 -1.66 ± 22.78 0.728 TR velocity 2.6 ± 0.5 2.4 ± 0.4 0.012 2.7 ± 0.6 2.6 ± 0.4 0.604 0.05 ± 0.30 0.04 ± 0.18 0.905 Max wall thickness 17 ± 3 18 ± 3 0.137 17 ± 4 17 ± 3 0.888 -0.01 ± 2.19 -0.18 ± 1.14 0.522
Abstract P1416 Figure. TR Vmax and CV outcomes in the KM curve
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kim
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H R Kim
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M G Kang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Y Park
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Koh
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Hwang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Hwang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J R Park
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
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Jang JY, Ahn JH, Bae JS, Kang MG, Kim K, Park HW, Koh JS, Park Y, Hwang SJ, Kwak CH, Hwang JY, Jeong YH. P3637Relationship between serial measurements of NT-proBNP and cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Increased level of natriuretic peptides has been known as an important predictors of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We sought to evaluate clinical implication of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measured at initial and follow-up periods.
Methods
Serial NT-proBNP levels (on-admission and one-month post-PCI) were measured in ACS patients undergoing PCI (n=2,290). High NT-proBNP levels were determined according to the predefined age-specific criteria. Patients were stratified into 4 groups according to NT-proBNP levels (on-admission & one-month): (1) normal-normal group (n=1234, 53.9%); (2) high–normal group (n=257, 11.2%); (3) normal-high group (n=376, 16.4%); and (4) high-high group (n=423, 18.5%). Clinical events were defined as all-cause death and MACE (a composite of CV death, non-fatal MI, and ischemic stroke).
Results
With a median follow-up of 35.9 (IQR: 16.8, 54.5) months, all-cause death and MACE were occurred in 4.1% and 7.2%, respectively. NT-proBNP on-admission vs. at one-month did not differ significantly (median 391.6 [IQR: 143.9, 1402.3] vs. median 619.1 [IQR 240.1, 1616.1]; p=0.622), but the prevalence of high NT-proBNP was increased over time (25.3% to 34.9%; p<0.001). The rates of all-cause death and MACE significantly increased only in the high-high group compared with other groups (log-rank test, all p values <0.001, Figure). After adjustment, the high-high group remained significantly risky in terms with the occurrence of all-cause death (HR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.65 to 5.41; p<0.001) and MACE (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.28 to 3.01; p=0.002).
Figure 1
Conclusion
Serial measurements of NT-proBNP at on-admission and follow-up can help to stratify the risks of all-cause death and adverse CV events following PCI in ACS patients. About two-fifths of patients having high NT-proBNP level during hospitalization can be classified into the low-risk group for all-cause death and adverse CV events.
Acknowledgement/Funding
None
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jang
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Internal Medicine, Changwon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Ahn
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Internal Medicine, Changwon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Bae
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Internal Medicine, Changwon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M G Kang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Kim
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H W Park
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Koh
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y Park
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Internal Medicine, Changwon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Hwang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - C H Kwak
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Internal Medicine, Changwon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Hwang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Internal Medicine, Jinju, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Jeong
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Internal Medicine, Changwon, Korea (Republic of)
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Chun S, Son W, Choi C, Min H, Kim J, Lee HJ, Kim D, Kim C, Koh JS, Pang C. Bioinspired Hairy Skin Electronics for Detecting the Direction and Incident Angle of Airflow. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:13608-13615. [PMID: 30868878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The human skin has inspired multimodal detection using smart devices or systems in fields including biomedical engineering, robotics, and artificial intelligence. Hairs of a high aspect ratio (AR) connected to follicles, in particular, detect subtle structural displacements by airflow or ultralight touch above the skin. Here, hairy skin electronics assembled with an array of graphene sensors (16 pixels) and artificial microhairs for multimodal detection of tactile stimuli and details of airflows (e.g., intensity, direction, and incident angle) are presented. Composed of percolation networks of graphene nanoplatelet sheets, the sensor array can simultaneously detect pressure, temperature, and vibration, all of which correspond to the sensing range of human tactile perceptions with ultrahigh response time (<0.5 ms, 2 kHz) for restoration. The device covered with microhairs (50 μm diameter and 300 μm height, AR = 6, hexagonal layout, and ∼4400/cm2) exhibits mapping of electrical signals induced by noncontact airflow and identifying the direction, incident angle, and intensity of wind to the sensor. For potential applications, we implement the hairy electronics to a sailing robot and demonstrate changes in locomotion and speed by detecting the direction and intensity of airflow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wonkyeong Son
- Department of Smart Textile Convergence Research , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Department of Smart Textile Convergence Research , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Dongjin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ajou University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16499 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ajou University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16499 , Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ajou University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16499 , Republic of Korea
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22
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Kim KH, Jang HG, Kang YM, Kang MG, Park HW, Koh JS, Park JR, Hwang SJ, Hwang JY. P3681Syntax-I score can predict in-hospital mortality among the patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea Republic of
| | - H G Jang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea Republic of
| | - Y M Kang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea Republic of
| | - M G Kang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea Republic of
| | - H W Park
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Koh
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea Republic of
| | - J R Park
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea Republic of
| | - S J Hwang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Hwang
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Cardiology, Jinju, Korea Republic of
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Ilton M, Bhamla MS, Ma X, Cox SM, Fitchett LL, Kim Y, Koh JS, Krishnamurthy D, Kuo CY, Temel FZ, Crosby AJ, Prakash M, Sutton GP, Wood RJ, Azizi E, Bergbreiter S, Patek SN. The principles of cascading power limits in small, fast biological and engineered systems. Science 2018; 360:360/6387/eaao1082. [PMID: 29700237 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical power limitations emerge from the physical trade-off between force and velocity. Many biological systems incorporate power-enhancing mechanisms enabling extraordinary accelerations at small sizes. We establish how power enhancement emerges through the dynamic coupling of motors, springs, and latches and reveal how each displays its own force-velocity behavior. We mathematically demonstrate a tunable performance space for spring-actuated movement that is applicable to biological and synthetic systems. Incorporating nonideal spring behavior and parameterizing latch dynamics allows the identification of critical transitions in mass and trade-offs in spring scaling, both of which offer explanations for long-observed scaling patterns in biological systems. This analysis defines the cascading challenges of power enhancement, explores their emergent effects in biological and engineered systems, and charts a pathway for higher-level analysis and synthesis of power-amplified systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ilton
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - M Saad Bhamla
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaotian Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Suzanne M Cox
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Leah L Fitchett
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yongjin Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Chi-Yun Kuo
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Fatma Zeynep Temel
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alfred J Crosby
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gregory P Sutton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Robert J Wood
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Emanuel Azizi
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Bergbreiter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S N Patek
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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24
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Boyvat M, Koh JS, Wood RJ. Addressable wireless actuation for multijoint folding robots and devices. Sci Robot 2017; 2:2/8/eaan1544. [DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aan1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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25
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Lee HW, Kwon J, Kang MC, Noh MK, Koh JS, Kim JH, Park JH. Overexpression of HSP47 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: clinical implications and functional analysis. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:848-855. [PMID: 25953518 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several biomarkers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have been explored to improve the prognosis of this disease. One of these, the 47-kDa heat shock protein (HSP47), has been screened as a potential biomarker by genomic profiling and is known to be overexpressed in some malignant diseases. In this study, we explored the role and evaluated the prognostic value of HSP47 expression in ESCC. The function of this protein was analyzed by assaying proliferation, wound healing, and colony formation in an HSP47-knockdown ESCC line. The prognostic implication of HSP47 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining in 157 surgical specimens. HSP47 expression level and other clinical variables were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Silencing of the HSP47 gene in the ESCC cell line inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. HSP47 was highly expressed in ESCC tissue samples, compared with normal esophageal tissues. The level of immunohistochemical staining of HSP47 and pathologic stage were significantly correlated with overall and recurrence-free survival, as shown by multivariate analysis (P = 0.014 and 0.044, respectively). We found that overexpression of HSP47 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC and that this is consistent with the function of HSP47 in terms of increased cell proliferation and colony formation. These results suggest that HSP47 is a potential prognostic biomarker for ESCC and merits further research for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Lee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Kwon
- Department of Translational Research, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - M C Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-K Noh
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Koh
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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26
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Kim SJ, Kang IJ, Shin MK, Jeong KH, Baek JH, Koh JS, Lee SJ. Impact of chemical peeling combined with negative pressure on human skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:440-3. [PMID: 26832852 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vivo changes in skin barrier function after chemical peeling with alpha hydroxyacids (AHAs) have been previously reported. However, the additional effects of physical treatment with chemical agents on skin barrier function have not been adequately studied. This study measured the degree of acute skin damage and the time required for skin barrier repair using non-invasive bioengineering methods in vivo with human skin to investigate the additional effect of a 4% AHA chemical jet accelerated at supersonic velocities. METHODS Thirteen female subjects (average age: 29.54 ± 4.86 years) participated in this study. The faces of the subjects were divided into half according to the block randomization design and were then assigned to receive AHA peeling alone or AHA peeling combined with pneumatic pressure on each side of the face. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin colour and skin blood flow were evaluated at baseline and at 30 min, 2, 5 and 7 days after treatment. RESULTS The TEWL and skin blood flow were significantly increased after 30 min in chemodermabrasion compared with chemical peeling alone (P < 0.05). The TEWL and skin blood flow recovered to baseline after 2 days, and TEWL was significantly decreased at 7 days compared with chemical peeling alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chemodermabrasion can temporarily impair skin barriers, but it is estimated that it can enhance the skin barrier function after 7 days compared to the use of a chemical agent alone. In addition, chemodermabrasion has a more effective impact in the dermis and relatively preserves the skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD., Seoul, Korea
| | - I J Kang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul, 130-702, Korea
| | - M K Shin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul, 130-702, Korea. ,
| | - K H Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul, 130-702, Korea
| | - J H Baek
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD., Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Koh
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD., Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Lee
- Arumdaun Nara Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea
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Kim MJ, Seo YK, Boo YC, Koh JS. A proposal of a standardized protocol to evaluate waterproof effect of eyeliner and mascara. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 38:266-71. [PMID: 26458077 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eye make-up products must have waterproofing properties to make sure that their colours do not smudge or wash away easily and remain intact despite water or perspiration. Until now, most research has focused on composition and components of make-up products and not on the level of waterproof. This study aimed to find methods to assess the waterproof degree of eyeliners and mascaras and determine the suitability of these methods. METHODS Twenty female subjects were selected to test the waterproof of eyeliners, whereas 20 sets of false eyelashes were used to evaluate the waterproof of mascaras. For evaluating water-resistant properties, after test sites where eyeliners and mascaras were applied were immersed in water and natural drying for over 20 min (not artificial drying by drier etc.), L* value of the eyeliners applied on the forearm before and after the immersions, and intensity analysis values of mascaras applied on the false eyelashes were used to calculate the mean percentage waterproof removal ratio (%WPR). A product was hypothesized to be water resistant if the value for the mean %WPR was ≤50%. RESULTS The non-waterproof eyeliners were not waterproof if their mean %WPR was >50%, whereas the waterproof eyeliners were waterproof if their mean %WPR was <50%. For mascaras, the mean %WPR was <50% after 1- to 2-h marks after immersion in water for both non-waterproof and waterproof products. After 3-4 h, the mean %WPR for the non-waterproof mascaras was >50%, rendering them not waterproof, whereas the mean %WPR for the waterproof mascaras was <50%, making them waterproof. CONCLUSION We have evaluated the waterproof properties by analysing photographed images of the test sites where eyeliners and mascaras were applied. Results of the comparison between non-waterproof and waterproof eyeliners and mascaras, and the methods used, in particular, will be found useful in evaluating waterproof of other make-up products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kim
- Dermapro LTD., Skin Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y K Seo
- Dermapro LTD., Skin Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y C Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - J S Koh
- Dermapro LTD., Skin Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Koh JS, Yang E, Jung GP, Jung SP, Son JH, Lee SI, Jablonski PG, Wood RJ, Kim HY, Cho KJ. BIOMECHANICS. Jumping on water: Surface tension-dominated jumping of water striders and robotic insects. Science 2015; 349:517-21. [PMID: 26228144 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Jumping on water is a unique locomotion mode found in semi-aquatic arthropods, such as water striders. To reproduce this feat in a surface tension-dominant jumping robot, we elucidated the hydrodynamics involved and applied them to develop a bio-inspired impulsive mechanism that maximizes momentum transfer to water. We found that water striders rotate the curved tips of their legs inward at a relatively low descending velocity with a force just below that required to break the water surface (144 millinewtons/meter). We built a 68-milligram at-scale jumping robotic insect and verified that it jumps on water with maximum momentum transfer. The results suggest an understanding of the hydrodynamic phenomena used by semi-aquatic arthropods during water jumping and prescribe a method for reproducing these capabilities in artificial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Sung Koh
- Biorobotics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Eunjin Yang
- Micro Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea.
| | - Gwang-Pil Jung
- Biorobotics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Sun-Pill Jung
- Biorobotics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Jae Hak Son
- Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sang-Im Lee
- Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Piotr G Jablonski
- Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-679, Poland
| | - Robert J Wood
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ho-Young Kim
- Micro Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea. Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Kyu-Jin Cho
- Biorobotics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea. Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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Ryu CW, Park S, Shin HS, Koh JS. Complications in Stent-Assisted Endovascular Therapy of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms and Relevance to Antiplatelet Administration: A Systematic Review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1682-8. [PMID: 26138136 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite the increasing use of stent-assisted coiling for ruptured intracranial aneurysms, there is little consensus regarding the appropriate antiplatelet administration for this. The objectives of this systematic review were to provide an overview of complications and their association with the method of antiplatelet administration in stent-assisted coiling for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature in the data bases was conducted to identify studies reporting complications of stent-assisted coiling for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The pooled event rate of preprocedural thromboembolisms, hemorrhages, and mortality was estimated from the selected studies. Subgroup analyses were performed by the method of antiplatelet administration (pre-, postprocedural, and modified). Meta-analysis was conducted to compare periprocedural complications and mortality between ruptured intracranial aneurysms and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. RESULTS Of the 8476 studies identified, 33 with 1090 patients were included. The event rates of thromboembolism and intra- and postprocedural hemorrhage were 11.2% (95% CI, 9.2%-13.6%), 5.4% (95% CI, 4.1%-7.2%), and 3.6% (95% CI, 2.6%-5.1%), respectively. Subgroup analyses of thromboembolism showed a statistically significant difference between groups (P < .05). In the preprocedural and modified antiplatelet groups, the risk for thromboembolism in stent-assisted coiling for ruptured intracranial aneurysm was not significantly different from that for unruptured intracranial aneurysm, though this risk of the postprocedural antiplatelet group was significantly higher in ruptured intracranial aneurysms than in unruptured intracranial aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of current evidence, complications of stent-assisted coiling for ruptured intracranial aneurysm may be affected by the method of antiplatelet administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Ryu
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.-W.R., S.P.)
| | - S Park
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.-W.R., S.P.)
| | - H S Shin
- Neurosurgery (H.S.S., J.S.K.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine; Seoul, South Korea
| | - J S Koh
- Neurosurgery (H.S.S., J.S.K.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine; Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Baek JH, Ahn SM, Choi KM, Jung MK, Shin MK, Koh JS. Analysis of comedone, sebum and porphyrin on the face and body for comedogenicity assay. Skin Res Technol 2015; 22:164-9. [PMID: 26094640 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Many ingredients used in cosmetics evoke a comedogenic response. Rabbit ear model (REM) is a useful method that can replace human in examining materials and products in early developmental stage. However, a number of studies pointed out its disadvantage that it overreacts to comedogenic materials. The purpose of this study was to find the most appropriate region for evaluating comedogenicity in human skin. METHODS Sixty-six female subjects (age 32.48 ± 10 years; range 20-52 years) with mild to moderate facial acne lesions were included in this study. The whole face, upper chest, and back of volunteers were photographed. Lesion (closed and open comedones) counting, instrumentation of sebum secretion level, and analysis of porphyrin number were performed. The entire study was performed under environmental conditions of specific relative temperature and humidity, controlled and maintained identically for each volunteer. RESULTS In case of closed comedone, forehead showed a significant correlation with frontal cheek, lateral cheek, chin, and upper back. Meanwhile, significant correlations were observed between frontal cheek and chin as well as lateral cheek and chest. As for open comedone, forehead showed a significant correlation with chin site. A significant correlation was also observed between front cheek and lateral cheek as well as between upper chest and back. Analyzing the correlation between the occurrence of comedones and sebum in each region, a significant correlation between closed comedone and sebum was observed in frontal and lateral cheek. Analyzing the correlation between the occurrence of comedones and porphyrine in each region, a significant correlation between open comedone and porphyrin was observed in chin. CONCLUSION When evaluating the comedogenicity of cosmetics ingredients or products, this study recommends using both of the methods of testing on back and directly testing on face according to the characteristics of the materials. In case of mild potent ingredients or products in particular, verification through usability test that the directly test on face will help securing reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Baek
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - S M Ahn
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - K M Choi
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - M K Jung
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - M K Shin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Koh
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO Ltd., Seoul, Korea
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Kim SJ, Baek JH, Koh JS, Bae MI, Lee SJ, Shin MK. The effect of physically applied alpha hydroxyl acids on the skin pore and comedone. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:519-25. [PMID: 26032934 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) have been recognized as commonly used therapy for acne. Our studies examined whether an additional effect of physical treatment using chemical peeling combined with negative pressure and compared with AHA treatment only occurs in acne-prone subjects. METHODS The chemical peeling agent used 4% of an AHA solution (mixture of 1000 mL of carbonated water, 20 mL of glycolic acid and 20 mL of lactic acid). All subjects' faces were randomly divided into test and control groups. The test group was treated with chemical peeling combined with a physical effect, and the control group applied chemical peeling alone. For the 23 healthy females (average age: 30.17 ± 5.06 year), we measured sebum output level by light transmission, pore area and number by optical image analyser, and comedone counting before treatment and at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after a single treatment. RESULTS Compared to the before treatment, whiteheads and blackheads were significantly decreased at 1, 2 and 4 weeks in the test group (P < 0.05), but for the control group, whiteheads and blackheads showed a tendency to decrease at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Also at 1 week, whiteheads and blackheads of the test group significantly decreased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Pore area and number significantly decreased at 1 week (P < 0.05), and the sebum output level was significantly decreased at 4 weeks (P < 0.05) only in the test group, which did not show any significant group difference for individual parameters. CONCLUSION 4% AHA solution combined with a physical effect had rapidly improving effects on whiteheads and blackheads synergistically. Combined physical therapy may have more impact on pore size and seborrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- DERMAPRO LTD., Skin Research Center, 30, Bangbaejoongang-Ro, Seocho Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Baek
- DERMAPRO LTD., Skin Research Center, 30, Bangbaejoongang-Ro, Seocho Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Koh
- DERMAPRO LTD., Skin Research Center, 30, Bangbaejoongang-Ro, Seocho Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - M I Bae
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Lee
- Arumdaun Nara Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | - M K Shin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
An active needle is proposed for the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided percutaneous procedures. The needle uses a low-transition-temperature shape memory alloy (LT SMA) wire actuator to produce bending in the distal section of the needle. Actuation is achieved with internal optical heating using laser light transported via optical fibers and side coupled to the LT SMA. A prototype, with a size equivalent to a standard 16-gauge biopsy needle, exhibits significant bending, with a tip deflection of more than 14° in air and 5° in hard tissue. A single-ended optical sensor with a gold-coated tip is developed to measure the curvature independently of temperature. The experimental results in tissue phantoms show that human tissue causes fast heat dissipation from the wire actuator; however, the active needle can compensate for typical targeting errors during prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Je-Sung Koh
- Biorobotics Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742,Korea
| | - Pierre Renaud
- ICube Strasbourg University, CNRS, INSA, 67084 Strasbourg France
| | - Richard J. Black
- Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems Corporation, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
| | - Behzad Moslehi
- Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems Corporation, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
| | - Bruce L. Daniel
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Kyu-Jin Cho
- Biorobotics Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering/IAMD, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Kim SW, Koh JS, Lee JG, Ryu J, Cho M, Cho KJ. Flytrap-inspired robot using structurally integrated actuation based on bistability and a developable surface. Bioinspir Biomim 2014; 9:036004. [PMID: 24615620 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3182/9/3/036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Venus flytrap uses bistability, the structural characteristic of its leaf, to actuate the leaf's rapid closing motion for catching its prey. This paper presents a flytrap-inspired robot and novel actuation mechanism that exploits the structural characteristics of this structure and a developable surface. We focus on the concept of exploiting structural characteristics for actuation. Using shape memory alloy (SMA), the robot actuates artificial leaves made from asymmetrically laminated carbon fiber reinforced prepregs. We exploit two distinct structural characteristics of the leaves. First, the bistability acts as an implicit actuator enabling rapid morphing motion. Second, the developable surface has a kinematic constraint that constrains the curvature of the artificial leaf. Due to this constraint, the curved artificial leaf can be unbent by bending the straight edge orthogonal to the curve. The bending propagates from one edge to the entire surface and eventually generates an overall shape change. The curvature change of the artificial leaf is 18 m(-1) within 100 ms when closing. Experiments show that these actuation mechanisms facilitate the generation of a rapid and large morphing motion of the flytrap robot by one-way actuation of the SMA actuators at a local position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Won Kim
- Biorobotics Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, 151-744, Seoul, Korea
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Koh JS, Ko HJ, Wang SM, Cho KJ, Kim JC, Lee SJ, Pae CU. The impact of depression and somatic symptoms on treatment outcomes in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a preliminary study in a naturalistic treatment setting. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68:478-85. [PMID: 24471930 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of depression and somatic symptoms on treatment outcomes in Korean male patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) attending a routine clinical practice. METHODS This was a 12-week prospective observational study (n = 80). The Korean version of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) to measure the severity of CP/CPPS, the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depression, the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) to evaluate somatisation and the Korean version of the EuroQol Questionnaire-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), specifically the EQ-5D utility index and the EQ-5D visual analogue scale (EQ-5D VAS), to assess quality of life, were utilised and given at baseline and week 12. The primary and secondary end-points in this study were changes in the NIH-CPSI total score from baseline to week 12 according to depression and somatisation. RESULTS The change in NIH-CPSI total score was significantly higher in those without depression than in those with depression (p = 0.003), with a magnitude of difference of 2.8. The responder rate (a ≥ 4 point decrease in NIH-CPSI total score from baseline) was significantly higher in those without depression (42.9%) than in those with depression (17.2%, p = 0.023). However, significant differences were not observed between the two groups in the other outcome measures or in all study outcomes between subjects with or without somatisation. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence or absence of depression may be a principal predictor of response to treatment. CONCLUSION These preliminary results indicate that depression may have a negative impact on treatment outcome and is a likely predictor of response to treatment in patients with CP/CPPS. However, additional studies with adequate power and improved design are necessary to further support the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Koh
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ryu JH, Seo YK, Boo YC, Chang MY, Kwak TJ, Koh JS. A quantitative evaluation method of skin texture affected by skin ageing using replica images of the cheek. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:247-52. [PMID: 24697841 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skin texture is a fine structure of skin surface where the hill and furrow were crossed to form a star shape. This study was performed to establish a quantitative evaluation method of skin texture affected by skin ageing using replica images of the cheek. METHODS After producing replicas of the left cheek areas of 80 female subjects, representative replica images were chosen to establish six-level facial skin texture index. Using this new index, skin texture of different-aged subjects was visually assessed by multiple examiners. The number of star configurations was also analysed using the same replica images. Other factors contributing to skin texture, such as skin elasticity, roughness, dermal density, moisture and gloss, were also analysed. RESULTS The concordance between skin texture scores evaluated by three researchers was high (0.896), and there was a high correlation between skin texture score and age (r = 0.642). The number of star configurations showed high correlations with skin texture scores (r = 0.753) and with age (r = 0.776). Skin texture scores were highly correlated with skin roughness and dermal density, but not with moisture, gloss and elasticity. CONCLUSION This study suggests that visual grading of skin texture score based on new facial skin texture index and quantification of star configurations will be useful in evaluating skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryu
- Dermapro Ltd., Skin Research Center, 4F Jiho B/D, Bangbaejoongang-Ro 30, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Nam GW, Baek JH, Koh JS, Hwang JK. The seasonal variation in skin hydration, sebum, scaliness, brightness and elasticity in Korean females. Skin Res Technol 2014; 21:1-8. [PMID: 24528115 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Age, gender, regional, and ethnic differences influence skin conditions. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of environments, especially the air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, duration of sunshine, and precipitation on skin, and the seasonal variation in skin hydration, sebum, scales, brightness, and elasticity in Korean females. METHODS The study included 89 Korean subjects, aged 29.7 ± 6.2 years. The five skin biophysical parameters (skin hydration, sebum, scales, brightness, and elasticity) were measured at six sites: forehead, under the eye, frontal cheek, crow's foot, lateral cheek, and inner forearm. Skin hydration was measured using the Corneometer® CM 825. Skin sebum was measured with Sebumeter® SM 815. Skin scaliness was measured with Visioscan® VC 98. Skin brightness (L* value) was measured by using Spectrophotometer. A suction chamber device, Cutometer® MPA 580, was used to measure the skin elasticity. The measurements were performed every month for 13 months, from April 2007 to April 2008. RESULTS There were significantly seasonal variations in environmental factors. The air temperature was the lowest in January (-1.7°C), and the highest in August (26.5°C). The relative humidity was the lowest in February (46%), and the highest in July and August (75%). There was a negative correlation between skin scaliness and three environmental factors such as air temperature, relative humidity, and highest precipitation. There was a positive correlation between skin scaliness and two environmental factors such as air pressure and duration of sunshine. Elasticity was correlated with air temperature positively and with air pressure negatively. CONCLUSION The correlations shown between the skin biophysical parameters and environmental factors demonstrate that the skin biophysical parameters are affected by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Nam
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific R&D Center, Seoul, Korea
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Koh JS, Cho KJ, Kim HS, Kim JC. Twelve-month medication persistence in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68:197-202. [PMID: 24372906 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to assess patients' baseline characteristics and provider factors influencing the continuation of medication for 12 months in patients who were newly diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS This study was conducted in patients with newly diagnosed lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/BPH (age ≥ 40) who received either one or a combination of the two pharmacological classes of drugs (alpha-blockers or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors) from January 2008 to January 2010. Patient demographics and clinical data were assessed from the electronic patient records and telephone surveys. Persistence was defined as continuation of all BPH medications prescribed at the start of the first treatment. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between 12-month persistence and patient or provider factors. RESULTS Of the 789 newly diagnosed LUTS/BPH patients, 670 (84.9%) were included in the study. Twelve-month persistence for LUTS/BPH medication was 36.6%. Independent predictors of 12-month medication persistence included larger prostate volume, higher prostate specific antigen, having an adequate income and a good patient-doctor relationship. Important reasons for discontinuation were resolved symptoms (31.1%), no improvement in symptoms (23.7%) and adverse events (20.0%). CONCLUSIONS About two-thirds of newly diagnosed LUTS/BPH patients discontinued medications within 1 year of starting treatment. We found several potential patient and provider factors associated with persistence, which could be exploited to increase continuation of treatment in future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Koh
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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An SM, Ham H, Choi EJ, Shin MK, An SS, Kim HO, Koh JS. Primary irritation index and safety zone of cosmetics: retrospective analysis of skin patch tests in 7440 Korean women during 12 years. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 36:62-7. [PMID: 24117720 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cosmetics are products used over long periods by the public, and their safety is very important. Several types of human tests are used widely for the evaluation of cosmetics including single patch tests, in-use tests, human repeated insult patch test (HRIPT). However, there is no clear and well-defined published objective and standardized criteria for primary skin irritation in regard to the large variety of cosmetic products. METHODS This study analysed human patch tests conducted from May 2001 to December 2012 with 4606 materials of prototype or finished cosmetic products on 7440 normal Korean women aged 18-60 years. The tested products were patched under occlusion for 24 or 48 h, and skin tolerance was assessed twice at 30 min and 24 h after patch removal using a 5-step scale according to the CTFA guidelines. RESULTS Human patch tests for cosmetics were performed of 4606 cases, and 30-33 subjects participated in each case. The response in each case was calculated based on total subject number, skin reaction intensity and the number of respondents. The calculated response was standardized using the z-score, and a safety zone was provided in terms of human primary irritation in accordance with the human skin reaction evaluation criteria and usage or formula of cosmetics. CONCLUSIONS This study established the safety criteria for irritation in the cosmetics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M An
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD, 4F Jiho B/D, Bangbaejoongang-Ro 30, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Ham
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD, 4F Jiho B/D, Bangbaejoongang-Ro 30, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - E J Choi
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD, 4F Jiho B/D, Bangbaejoongang-Ro 30, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M K Shin
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD, 4F Jiho B/D, Bangbaejoongang-Ro 30, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S S An
- Amorepacific R&D Center, 314-1, Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - H O Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University Seoul, South Korea
| | - J S Koh
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO LTD, 4F Jiho B/D, Bangbaejoongang-Ro 30, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Koh JS, Lee DY, Kim JS, Kim SW, Cho KJ. Design and Fabrication of Soft Deformable Wheel Robot using Composite Materials and Shape Memory Alloy Coil Spring Actuators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7736/kspe.2013.30.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lee SH, Koh JS, Ryu CW, Lee CY, Lee SJ. Successful endosaccular coiling after a balloon occlusion test of the caudal channel of a double origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery originating from the aneurysm neck. Interv Neuroradiol 2011; 17:183-7. [PMID: 21696656 DOI: 10.1177/159101991101700207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies for unruptured aneurysms in elective procedures must be carefully planned with respect to safety. We describe the case of a patient who presented with an unruptured aneurysm associated with a double origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (DOPICA), a rare variant of aberrant origin. A three-dimensional rotational angiogram clearly showed that the aneurysm incorporated the origin of the DOPICA caudal channel, which was more dominant than the cranial one. The aneurysm was completely obliterated using detachable coils after a balloon occlusion test (BOT) of the caudal channel was conducted to confirm the tolerance of the patient following sudden interruption of the more prominent flow coming from the caudal channel of the DOPICA. This report affirms the need to suspect anomalies associated with a DOPICA that predispose to intracranial aneurysms and highlights the potential role of a BOT in pretreatment hemodynamic evaluations of unusual aneurysms accompanying a particular developmental anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Stroke and Neurological Disorders Centre, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
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Shim YS, Pae CU, Kim SW, Kim HW, Kim JC, Koh JS. Effects of repeated dosing with Udenafil (Zydena) on cognition, somatization and erection in patients with erectile dysfunction: a pilot study. Int J Impot Res 2011; 23:109-14. [PMID: 21544084 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2011.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The PDE5 inhibitors have recently been found to have cognitive-enhancing effects in animal models. To investigate the efficacy of repeated dosing with a PDE5 inhibitor on cognitive function and somatization in patients with erectile dysfunction, 27 patients with erectile dysfunction received udenafil (100 mg) at 3-day intervals for 2 months. The international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5), a cognitive battery (the Korean version of mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE), the frontal assessment battery (K-FAB), the Seoul verbal learning test) and a physical health questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) were performed at baseline and at 2 months, following the administration of udenafil. The patients were divided on the basis of their IIEF-5 score into responders (change>7) and non-responders. The mean IIEF-5 score was significantly increased after treatment (7.92 ± 3.83 to 16.33 ± 4.75, P<0.001). The scores of K-MMSE (27.03 ± 1.58 to 28.07 ± 1.57, P=0.001), K-FAB (13.65 ± 1.96 to 15.41 ± 1.85, P<0.001) and PHQ-15 (18.92 ± 4.96 to 17.63 ± 4.75, P=0.003) were significantly improved after treatment. In addition, the responders (n=16) had more improved cognitive function (r=0.603, P=0.001) and somatization (r=-0.402, P=0.038) than non-responders (n=11). Repeated dosing with a PDE5 inhibitor seems to improve cognitive function and somatization, as well as erectile function in patients with erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Shim
- Department of Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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Abstract
There have been few reports classifying the biophysical characteristics of Korean women with healthy skin. Consequently, the aim of this study was to find the most useful parameters for categorizing skin types based on a clinical assessment. One hundred and three female volunteers, aged 20-59, participated in this study. We conducted a self-evaluation questionnaire, a clinical assessment of the facial skin, and non-invasive measurements on the cheek under controlled environmental conditions. The questionnaire survey indicated that 72% of respondents had dry skin. However, results of the clinical assessment focusing on skin roughness and scaling of the cheek showed that 6 subjects had very dry skin (6%), 29 had dry skin (28%) and 68 had normal skin with sufficient moisture (66%). We analysed the correlation between the clinical assessment and biophysical parameters. As a result, we obtained six biophysical parameters that had relatively higher correlations with clinical assessment than other parameters. Our study provided general information about the physiological characteristics of normal skin in Korean women and suggested useful parameters for characterizing dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Baek
- Dermapro Co.LTD, Skin Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Na II, Park JY, Kim KM, Cheon GJ, Choe DH, Koh JS, Baek HJ, Lee JC. Significance of smoking history and FDG uptake for pathological N2 staging in clinical N2-negative non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2068-2072. [PMID: 21257671 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to evaluate whether smoking history and the standardized uptake value (SUV) of 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake are associated with unexpected pathological N2 status (pN2) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the data of 220 patients who underwent surgical resection with clinical N2-negative status on computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT. The maximum SUV of primary tumor was chosen for logistic analysis. RESULTS Seventy-two patients (33%) had never smoked. The SUV ranged from 1.0 to 29.0 (median 9.1). In univariate analysis, adenocarcinomas (P = 0.019), female gender (P = 0.010), N1 on CT (P = 0.025), and N1 PET-CT (P = 0.001) were associated with a high probability of pN2. The proportion of pN2 in never smokers was higher than in ever smokers (26% versus 10% respectively; P = 0.002). The SUV remained on a multivariate logistic model (odds ratio 1.1; 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.2; P = 0.010) and it had a better predictive value in never smokers than in ever smokers (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates an association between smoking history and pN2 in clinically negative N2 NSCLC. The different roles of FDG uptake were also suggested based on smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Na
- Department of Internal Medicine.
| | - J Y Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences
| | - K M Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences
| | - G J Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Medical Center Anam Hospital, Seoul
| | | | | | - H J Baek
- Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - J C Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine
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Lee KH, Chang PC, Lie DT, Koh JS, Ong KL. An unusual case of knee locking. Singapore Med J 2010; 51:e140-e142. [PMID: 20848054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Knee locking is an incapacitating condition that requires urgent orthopaedic intervention. The most common cause is meniscal injury, followed by torn anterior cruciate ligament, osteochondral loose bodies and foreign bodies in the joint space. This report describes a patient who had an unusual case of left knee locking. After clinical examination and radiological investigations, the provisional diagnosis was a lateral meniscal tear, which was not visible on magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnostic arthroscopy of the left knee revealed a 1-cm yellowish lump on the medial meniscus, and the histology revealed pigmented villonodular synovitis. The menisci and cruciate ligaments were intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
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Kim BM, Suh SH, Park SI, Shin YS, Chung EC, Lee MH, Kim EJ, Koh JS, Kang HS, Roh HG, Won YS, Chung PW, Kim YB, Suh BC. Management and clinical outcome of acute basilar artery dissection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1937-41. [PMID: 18687744 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There have been inconsistencies on the prognosis and controversies as to the proper management of acute basilar artery dissection. The aim of this study was to evaluate acute basilar artery dissection and its outcome after management. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 21 patients (mean age, 53 years; range, 24-78 years) with acute basilar artery dissection were identified between January 2001 and October 2007. Clinical presentation, management, and outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS The patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 10), brain stem ischemia (n = 10), or stem compression sign (n = 1). Ruptured basilar artery dissections were treated by stent placement with coiling (n = 4), single stent placement (n = 3), or conservatively (n = 3). Of the patients treated with endovascular technique, 6 had favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS], 0-2) and the remaining patient, who was treated by single stent placement, died from rebleeding. All 3 conservatively managed patients experienced rebleeding, of whom 2 died and the other was moderately disabled. Unruptured basilar artery dissections were treated conservatively (n = 7) or by stent placement (n = 4). Of the patients with unruptured basilar artery dissection, 9 had favorable outcome and the remaining 2 patients, both of whom were conservatively managed, had poor outcome because of infarct progression. The group with the ruptured basilar artery dissection revealed a higher mortality rate than the group with the unruptured dissection (30% vs 0%). The group treated with endovascular means revealed more favorable outcome than the group that was treated with conservative measures (90.9% vs 50%). CONCLUSION The ruptured basilar artery dissections were at high risk for rebleeding, resulting in a grave outcome. Stent placement with or without coiling may be considered to prevent rebleeding in ruptured basilar dissections and judiciously considered in unruptured dissections with signs of progressive brain stem ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Kim
- Department of Radiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Koh JS, Lee SS, Baek HJ, Kim YI. No association of high-risk human papillomavirus with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas among Koreans, as determined by polymerase chain reaction. Dis Esophagus 2008; 21:114-7. [PMID: 18269645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma varies greatly with race and geographic location. It has been suggested that human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancers, and that the incidence of esophageal cancers associated with HPV depends on the geographic location of the patient population. In studies performed on tumor specimens collected from areas with a low incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, HPV infection was detected in only a small percentage of tumors, whereas studies performed on specimens obtained from areas with a high incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas provided strong evidence that HPV plays a significant role in esophageal carcinogenesis. To elucidate the putative role of HPV infection in the etiology of esophageal cancer in Korea, a total of 129 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens, eight fresh tumor tissues and 40 normal esophageal tissues were screened for HPV infection by polymerase chain reaction using consensus primers for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52b and 58 and type 16-specific primers. SiHa cell line, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical squamous cell carcinoma specimens were used as positive controls for HPV infection. Fragments of human beta-globin gene, which served as the internal controls, were successfully amplified from 102 of the 129 cancer specimens and from all the normal and fresh cancer tissues, while consensus and type 16-specific primers failed to detect HPV DNA sequences in any of the esophageal samples. The DNA extracted from the SiHa cell line and uterine cervical cancers were positive when both the consensus and type-specific primers were used. The results of this study suggest that HPV is not associated with esophageal carcinogenesis in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Koh
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, KIRAMS, Seoul, South Korea
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Lim YJ, Lee CY, Koh JS, Kim TS, Kim GK, Rhee BA. Seizure control of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for non-hemorrhagic arteriovenous malformations. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 99:97-101. [PMID: 17370773 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-35205-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although radiosurgery has been found to be a safe and effective alternative treatment, seizure outcome of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) radiosurgery has not been documented in detail. We report the effect of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) on seizures associated with AVMs and discuss the various factors that influence the prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between 1992 and 2004, 246 patients were treated with GKRS for AVMs at Kyung-Hee medical center. Forty five (17.0%) patients have non-hemorrhagic AVMs and presenting symptom was seizure. Two patients of all were excluded from this study due to loss of follow-up after radiosurgery. In this study, retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics, radiologic findings, radiosurgical seizure outcome were performed. RESULTS There were 32 male and 11 female with age ranging from 10 to 74 years (mean 35 years). Type of seizure included: general tonic clonic (n = 28); focal motor or sensory (n = 7); partial complex (n = 8). The location of AVM was temporal (n = 18); frontal (n = 9); deep seated (n = 7): parietal (n = 5); occipital (n = 4). Follow-up period was from 8 months to 12 years (mean 46 months). Mean volume was 6.2 cc (2.7-20), mean marginal and maximal dosage was 19.5 (17-26) and 36.6 Gy (13-50). During follow-up after radiosurgical treatment, 23 (53.5%) of 43 patients were seizure-free, 10 (23.3%) had significant improvement, were unchanged in 8 (18.6%) and aggravated in 2 (4.6%) patients. In 33 patients, follow-up angiography or MRI was performed. Complete obliteration was achieved in 16 (49.0%) patients, partial obliteration in 13 (39.0%). Four were unchanged (12.0%). Of 33 patients with follow-up performed, 26 were followed for over 2 years. Eleven (84.6%) of 13 patients with complete obliteration were seizure-free (p < 0.005). Four (36.3%) of 13 with partial obliteration and unchanged remained seizure-free. Fifteen patients had experienced intractable seizure before radiosurgery. After radiosurgery, seizures disappeared in 8 (53%) patients. Seizure frequently decreased in 5 (33%) and 2 patients (14%) were unchanged but none was aggravated. Five (71%) of 7 patients with complete obliteration were seizure-free and 2 (40%) of 5 patients with partial obliteration were seizure-free. CONCLUSION Up to now, controversy about resective surgery or radiosurgery as treatment of seizure related to AVMs still remains. In this study, we experienced that Gamma Knife radiosurgery is commonly performed to treat AVMs and can improve symptomatic seizure associated with AVMs. To clarify the mechanism of seizure control in AVMs radiosurgery is difficult, but it seems to be closely related to hemodynamic effects after radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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Koh JS, Trent J, Chen L, El-Naggar A, Hunt K, Pollock R, Zhang W. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: overview of pathologic features, molecular biology, and therapy with imatinib mesylate. Histol Histopathol 2004; 19:565-74. [PMID: 15024716 DOI: 10.14670/hh-19.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. These tumors develop at any site but are most commonly reported in the stomach. They originate from the neoplastic transformation of the intestinal pacemaker cell, the interstitial cell of Cajal. GISTs strongly express the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT and have mutations in the KIT gene, most frequently in exon 11 encoding the intracellular juxtamembranous region. Expression of KIT is seen in almost all GISTs, regardless of the site of origin, histologic appearance, or biologic behavior, and is therefore regarded as one of the key diagnostic markers. Distinction from smooth muscle tumors, such as leiomyosarcomas, and other mesenchymal tumors is very important because of prognostic differences and therapeutic strategies. Predicting the biologic behavior of GISTs is often difficult by conventional pathologic examination; tumor size and mitotic rate are the most important prognostic indicators. The prognostic significance of KIT mutations is controversial and thus far has not been clearly linked with biologic behavior. KIT mutations are associated with tumor development, and cytogenetic aberrations are associated with tumor progression. The pathogenesis of GISTs involves a gain-of-function mutation in the KIT proto-oncogene, leading to ligand-independent constitutive activation of the KIT receptor. KIT-wild-type GISTs have shown mutually exclusive platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) mutation and activation. The use of imatinib mesylate (also known as Gleevec or STI-571) has greatly increased the therapeutic efficacy for this otherwise chemotherapy-resistant tumor. GISTs with very low levels of KIT expression may respond to imatinib mesylate therapy if the receptors are activated by specific mechanisms. KIT-activating mutations fall into two groups: the regulatory type and the enzymatic site type. The regulatory type of mutation is conserved at the imatinib binding site, whereas the enzymatic site mutation has a structurally changed drug-binding site, resulting in drug resistance. Resistance to the drug is the major cause of treatment failure in cancer therapy, emphasizing the need for researchers to understand KIT signaling pathways so as to identify new therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the pathologic features of GISTs, recent advances in understanding their molecular and biologic features, and therapy with imatinib mesylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Koh
- Departments of Pathology, Sarcoma Oncology, and Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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