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Sun A, Park P, Cole L, Vaidya H, Maegawa S, Keith K, Calendo G, Madzo J, Jelinek J, Jobin C, Issa JPJ. Non-pathogenic microbiota accelerate age-related CpG Island methylation in colonic mucosa. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2160568. [PMID: 36572998 PMCID: PMC9980687 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2160568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic process altered in cancer and ageing. Age-related methylation drift can be used to estimate lifespan and can be influenced by extrinsic factors such as diet. Here, we report that non-pathogenic microbiota accelerate age-related methylation drift in the colon when compared with germ-free mice. DNA methylation analyses showed that microbiota and IL10KO were associated with changes in 5% and 4.1% of CpG sites, while mice with both factors had 18% alterations. Microbiota, IL10KO, and their combination altered 0.4%, 0.4%, and 4% of CpG island methylation, respectively. These are comparable to what is seen in colon cancer. Ageing changes were accelerated in the IL10KO mice with microbiota, and the affected genes were more likely to be altered in colon cancer. Thus, the microbiota affect DNA methylation of the colon in patterns reminiscent of what is observed in ageing and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Sun
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pyounghwa Park
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Lauren Cole
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Himani Vaidya
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Shinji Maegawa
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Research Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Kelsey Keith
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Gennaro Calendo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Jozef Madzo
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Jaroslav Jelinek
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre J. Issa
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, United States
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2
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Preston-Alp S, Caruso LB, Su C, Keith K, Soldan SS, Maestri D, Madzo J, Kossenkov A, Napoletani G, Gewurz B, Lieberman PM, Tempera I. Decitabine disrupts EBV genomic epiallele DNA methylation patterns around CTCF binding sites to increase chromatin accessibility and lytic transcription in gastric cancer. mBio 2023; 14:e0039623. [PMID: 37606370 PMCID: PMC10653948 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00396-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency is controlled by epigenetic silencing by DNA methylation [5-methyl cytosine (5mC)], histone modifications, and chromatin looping. However, how they dictate the transcriptional program in EBV-associated gastric cancers remains incompletely understood. EBV-associated gastric cancer displays a 5mC hypermethylated phenotype. A potential treatment for this cancer subtype is the DNA hypomethylating agent, which induces EBV lytic reactivation and targets hypermethylation of the cellular DNA. In this study, we identified a heterogeneous pool of EBV epialleles within two tumor-derived gastric cancer cell lines that are disrupted with a hypomethylating agent. Stochastic DNA methylation patterning at critical regulatory regions may be an underlying mechanism for spontaneous reactivation. Our results highlight the critical role of epigenetic modulation on EBV latency and life cycle, which is maintained through the interaction between 5mC and the host protein CCCTC-binding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chenhe Su
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelsey Keith
- The Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Jozef Madzo
- The Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Italo Tempera
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Vaidya H, Jeong HS, Keith K, Maegawa S, Calendo G, Madzo J, Jelinek J, Issa JPJ. Author Correction: DNA methylation entropy as a measure of stem cell replication and aging. Genome Biol 2023; 24:104. [PMID: 37122020 PMCID: PMC10150501 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Himani Vaidya
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, 08013, USA
| | - Hye Seon Jeong
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, 08013, USA
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kelsey Keith
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, 08013, USA
| | - Shinji Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gennaro Calendo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, 08013, USA
| | - Jozef Madzo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, 08013, USA
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4
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Vaidya H, Jeong HS, Keith K, Maegawa S, Calendo G, Madzo J, Jelinek J, Issa JPJ. DNA methylation entropy as a measure of stem cell replication and aging. Genome Biol 2023; 24:27. [PMID: 36797759 PMCID: PMC9933260 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic marks are encoded by DNA methylation and accumulate errors as organisms age. This drift correlates with lifespan, but the biology of how this occurs is still unexplained. We analyze DNA methylation with age in mouse intestinal stem cells and compare them to nonstem cells. RESULTS Age-related changes in DNA methylation are identical in stem and nonstem cells, affect most prominently CpG islands and correlate weakly with gene expression. Age-related DNA methylation entropy, measured by the Jensen-Shannon Distribution, affects up to 25% of the detectable CpG sites and is a better measure of aging than individual CpG methylation. We analyze this entropy as a function of age in seven other tissues (heart, kidney, skeletal muscle, lung, liver, spleen, and blood) and it correlates strikingly with tissue-specific stem cell division rates. Thus, DNA methylation drift and increased entropy with age are primarily caused by and are sensors for, stem cell replication in adult tissues. CONCLUSIONS These data have implications for the mechanisms of tissue-specific functional declines with aging and for the development of DNA-methylation-based biological clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Vaidya
- grid.282012.b0000 0004 0627 5048Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08013 USA
| | - Hye Seon Jeong
- grid.282012.b0000 0004 0627 5048Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08013 USA ,grid.411665.10000 0004 0647 2279Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kelsey Keith
- grid.282012.b0000 0004 0627 5048Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08013 USA
| | - Shinji Maegawa
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Gennaro Calendo
- grid.282012.b0000 0004 0627 5048Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08013 USA
| | - Jozef Madzo
- grid.282012.b0000 0004 0627 5048Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08013 USA
| | - Jaroslav Jelinek
- grid.282012.b0000 0004 0627 5048Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08013 USA
| | - Jean-Pierre J. Issa
- grid.282012.b0000 0004 0627 5048Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08013 USA
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5
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Caruso LB, Guo R, Keith K, Madzo J, Maestri D, Boyle S, Wasserman J, Kossenkov A, Gewurz BE, Tempera I. The nuclear lamina binds the EBV genome during latency and regulates viral gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010400. [PMID: 35421198 PMCID: PMC9009669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infects almost 95% of the population worldwide. While typically asymptomatic, EBV latent infection is associated with several malignancies of epithelial and lymphoid origin in immunocompromised individuals. In latently infected cells, the EBV genome persists as a chromatinized episome that expresses a limited set of viral genes in different patterns, referred to as latency types, which coincide with varying stages of infection and various malignancies. We have previously demonstrated that latency types correlate with differences in the composition and structure of the EBV episome. Several cellular factors, including the nuclear lamina, regulate chromatin composition and architecture. While the interaction of the viral genome with the nuclear lamina has been studied in the context of EBV lytic reactivation, the role of the nuclear lamina in controlling EBV latency has not been investigated. Here, we report that the nuclear lamina is an essential epigenetic regulator of the EBV episome. We observed that in B cells, EBV infection affects the composition of the nuclear lamina by inducing the expression of lamin A/C, but only in EBV+ cells expressing the Type III latency program. Using ChIP-Seq, we determined that lamin B1 and lamin A/C bind the EBV genome, and their binding correlates with deposition of the histone repressive mark H3K9me2. By RNA-Seq, we observed that knock-out of lamin A/C in B cells alters EBV gene expression. Our data indicate that the interaction between lamins and the EBV episome contributes to the epigenetic control of viral gene expression during latency, suggesting a restrictive function of the nuclear lamina as part of the host response against viral DNA entry into the nucleus. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus that establishes a lifelong latent infection in a small fraction of B cells of the infected individuals. In most cases, EBV infection is asymptomatic; however, especially in the context of immune suppression, EBV latent infection is associated with several malignancies. In EBV+ cancer cells, latent viral gene expression plays an essential role in sustaining the cancer phenotype. We and others have established that epigenetic modifications of the viral genome are critical to regulating EBV gene expression during latency. Understanding how the EBV genome is epigenetically regulated during latent infection may help identify new specific therapeutic targets for treating EBV+ malignancies. The nuclear lamina is involved in regulating the composition and structure of the cellular chromatin. In the present study, we determined that the nuclear lamina binds the EBV genome during latency, influencing viral gene expression. Depleting one component of the nuclear lamina, lamin A/C, increased the expression of latent EBV genes associated with cellular proliferation, indicating that the binding of the nuclear lamina with the viral genome is essential to control viral gene expression in infected cells. Our data show for the first time that the nuclear lamina may be involved in the cellular response against EBV infection by restricting viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Guo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Keith
- The Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jozef Madzo
- The Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Davide Maestri
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarah Boyle
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason Wasserman
- The Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Italo Tempera
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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6
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Morgan SM, Tanizawa H, Caruso LB, Hulse M, Kossenkov A, Madzo J, Keith K, Tan Y, Boyle S, Lieberman PM, Tempera I. The three-dimensional structure of Epstein-Barr virus genome varies by latency type and is regulated by PARP1 enzymatic activity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:187. [PMID: 35039491 PMCID: PMC8764100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persists in human B-cells by maintaining its chromatinized episomes within the nucleus. We have previously shown that cellular factor Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) binds the EBV genome, stabilizes CTCF binding at specific loci, and that PARP1 enzymatic activity correlates with maintaining a transcriptionally active latency program. To better understand PARP1's role in regulating EBV latency, here we functionally characterize the effect of PARP enzymatic inhibition on episomal structure through in situ HiC mapping, generating a complete 3D structure of the EBV genome. We also map intragenomic contact changes after PARP inhibition to global binding of chromatin looping factors CTCF and cohesin across the EBV genome. We find that PARP inhibition leads to fewer total unique intragenomic interactions within the EBV episome, yet new chromatin loops distinct from the untreated episome are also formed. This study also illustrates that PARP inhibition alters gene expression at the regions where chromatin looping is most effected. We observe that PARP1 inhibition does not alter cohesin binding sites but does increase its frequency of binding at those sites. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PARP has an essential role in regulating global EBV chromatin structure and latent gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Morgan
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Hulse
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jozef Madzo
- The Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Kelsey Keith
- The Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Maifrede S, Le BV, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Golovine K, Sullivan-Reed K, Dunuwille WMB, Nacson J, Hulse M, Keith K, Madzo J, Caruso LB, Gazze Z, Lian Z, Padella A, Chitrala KN, Bartholdy BA, Matlawska-Wasowska K, Di Marcantonio D, Simonetti G, Greiner G, Sykes SM, Valent P, Paietta EM, Tallman MS, Fernandez HF, Litzow MR, Minden MD, Huang J, Martinelli G, Vassiliou GS, Tempera I, Piwocka K, Johnson N, Challen GA, Skorski T. TET2 and DNMT3A Mutations Exert Divergent Effects on DNA Repair and Sensitivity of Leukemia Cells to PARP Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5089-5101. [PMID: 34215619 PMCID: PMC8487956 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic variants in TET2 and DNMT3A are founding mutations in hematological malignancies that affect the epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation. Mutations in both genes often co-occur with activating mutations in genes encoding oncogenic tyrosine kinases such as FLT3ITD, BCR-ABL1, JAK2V617F , and MPLW515L , or with mutations affecting related signaling pathways such as NRASG12D and CALRdel52 . Here, we show that TET2 and DNMT3A mutations exert divergent roles in regulating DNA repair activities in leukemia cells expressing these oncogenes. Malignant TET2-deficient cells displayed downregulation of BRCA1 and LIG4, resulting in reduced activity of BRCA1/2-mediated homologous recombination (HR) and DNA-PK-mediated non-homologous end-joining (D-NHEJ), respectively. TET2-deficient cells relied on PARP1-mediated alternative NHEJ (Alt-NHEJ) for protection from the toxic effects of spontaneous and drug-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Conversely, DNMT3A-deficient cells favored HR/D-NHEJ owing to downregulation of PARP1 and reduction of Alt-NHEJ. Consequently, malignant TET2-deficient cells were sensitive to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) treatment in vitro and in vivo, whereas DNMT3A-deficient cells were resistant. Disruption of TET2 dioxygenase activity or TET2-Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1)-binding ability was responsible for DNA repair defects and sensitivity to PARPi associated with TET2 deficiency. Moreover, mutation or deletion of WT1 mimicked the effect of TET2 mutation on DSB repair activity and sensitivity to PARPi. Collectively, these findings reveal that TET2 and WT1 mutations may serve as biomarkers of synthetic lethality triggered by PARPi, which should be explored therapeutically. SIGNIFICANCE: TET2 and DNMT3A mutations affect distinct DNA repair mechanisms and govern the differential sensitivities of oncogenic tyrosine kinase-positive malignant hematopoietic cells to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maifrede
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bac Viet Le
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Konstantin Golovine
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine Sullivan-Reed
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wangisa M B Dunuwille
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph Nacson
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Hulse
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelsey Keith
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Jozef Madzo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Lisa Beatrice Caruso
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary Gazze
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaorui Lian
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Antonella Padella
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - Kumaraswamy N Chitrala
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Boris A Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Daniela Di Marcantonio
- Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen M Sykes
- Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth M Paietta
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hugo F Fernandez
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology and Cellular Therapy at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, Florida
| | - Mark R Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Huang
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Italo Tempera
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Neil Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grant A Challen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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8
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Sharda N, Sharda N, Genao L, Pavon J, White H, Orto V, Keith K, Johnson S. Improving Elder Care in a Community Based Hospital. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Keith K, Ross E. Attitudes of a group of primary school teachers towards the educational inclusion of hearing-impaired learners in regular classrooms. S Afr J Commun Disord 1999; 45:39-50. [PMID: 10472175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has clearly demonstrated a link between the attitudes of regular education teachers and the success of inclusion of learners with special educational needs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the attitudes of a group of junior primary school teachers from the Gauteng area towards the inclusion of hearing-impaired children into regular classes. A survey research design was employed which utilized a questionnaire as the research tool. Analysis of results indicated that the teachers surveyed were relatively positive in their attitudes towards inclusion. Greater exposure to disability in terms of training and experience was related to more positive attitudes. Similarly, more positive attitudes were related to greater perceived competence in teaching hearing-impaired pupils. All of the teachers surveyed felt that speech-language pathologists and audiologists (SLPs & As) should be involved in facilitating inclusion of hearing-impaired children. Many of the respondents expressed concern regarding their lack of training, knowledge and skills. The findings from the research project highlight the need for an adequate training and support system for teachers prior to the implementation of an inclusive educational policy, and the potential role of SLPs & As in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Keith
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- P McCourt
- Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Canada
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11
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Casper TA, Meyer WM, Moller JM, Henline P, Keith K, McHarg B, Davis S, Greenwood D. Collaboratory operations in magnetic fusion scientific research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1145/275269.275277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Davis
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
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12
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Hudson JB, Podos SD, Keith K, Simpson SL, Ferguson EL. The Drosophila Medea gene is required downstream of dpp and encodes a functional homolog of human Smad4. Development 1998; 125:1407-20. [PMID: 9502722 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125.8.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-beta superfamily member decapentaplegic (dpp) acts as an extracellular morphogen to pattern the embryonic ectoderm of the Drosophila embryo. To identify components of the dpp signaling pathway, we screened for mutations that act as dominant maternal enhancers of a weak allele of the dpp target gene zerknLllt. In this screen, we recovered new alleles of the Mothers against dpp (Mad) and Medea genes. Phenotypic analysis of the new Medea mutations indicates that Medea, like Mad, is required for both embryonic and imaginal disc patterning. Genetic analysis suggests that Medea may have two independently mutable functions in patterning the embryonic ectoderm. Complete elimination of maternal and zygotic Medea activity in the early embryo results in a ventralized phenotype identical to that of null dpp mutants, indicating that Medea is required for all dpp-dependent signaling in embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning. Injection of mRNAs encoding DPP or a constitutively activated form of the DPP receptor, Thick veins, into embryos lacking all Medea activity failed to induce formation of any dorsal cell fates, demonstrating that Medea acts downstream of the thick veins receptor. We cloned Medea and found that it encodes a protein with striking sequence similarity to human SMAD4. Moreover, injection of human SMAD4 mRNA into embryos lacking all Medea activity conferred phenotypic rescue of the dorsal-ventral pattern, demonstrating conservation of function between the two gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Hudson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Keith K, Kraml M, Dengler NG, McCourt P. fusca3: A Heterochronic Mutation Affecting Late Embryo Development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 1994; 6:589-600. [PMID: 12244252 PMCID: PMC160461 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.6.5.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular studies of late embryogenesis and seed development have emphasized differential gene expression as a means of identifying discrete stages of embryogenesis. Little has been done to identify factors that regulate the length of a given developmental stage or the degree of overlap between adjacent developmental programs. We designed a genetic screen to identify mutations that disrupt late embryo development in Arabidopsis without loss of hormonal responses. One such mutation, fusca3 (fus3), alters late embryo functions, such as the establishment of dormancy and desiccation tolerance, and reduces storage protein levels. fus3 cotyledons bear trichomes, and their ultrastructure is similar to that of leaf primordia. Immature fus3 embryos enter germinative development, and the shoot apical meristems develop leaf primordia before seed desiccation begins. The cotyledons resemble leaf primordia, yet retain some cotyledon characteristics; thus, cotyledon- and leaf-specific functions are expressed simultaneously. Together, these observations are consistent with a heterochronic interpretation of the fus3 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Keith
- Department of Botany, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
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Abstract
Molecular studies of late embryogenesis and seed development have emphasized differential gene expression as a means of identifying discrete stages of embryogenesis. Little has been done to identify factors that regulate the length of a given developmental stage or the degree of overlap between adjacent developmental programs. We designed a genetic screen to identify mutations that disrupt late embryo development in Arabidopsis without loss of hormonal responses. One such mutation, fusca3 (fus3), alters late embryo functions, such as the establishment of dormancy and desiccation tolerance, and reduces storage protein levels. fus3 cotyledons bear trichomes, and their ultrastructure is similar to that of leaf primordia. Immature fus3 embryos enter germinative development, and the shoot apical meristems develop leaf primordia before seed desiccation begins. The cotyledons resemble leaf primordia, yet retain some cotyledon characteristics; thus, cotyledon- and leaf-specific functions are expressed simultaneously. Together, these observations are consistent with a heterochronic interpretation of the fus3 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Keith
- Department of Botany, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
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Nambara E, Keith K, McCourt P, Naito S. Isolation of an internal deletion mutant of the Arabidopsis thaliana ABI3 gene. Plant Cell Physiol 1994; 35:509-513. [PMID: 8055176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that produces green seeds that are highly insensitive to exogenous ABA, non-dormant and severely desiccation intolerant was isolated from a population of fast neutron-irradiated seeds. Molecular and genetic analysis of this mutant shows that these phenotypes are caused by an internal deletion of approximately one third of the ABI3 gene. Therefore abi3 mutants with the above phenotypes are representative of null alleles at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nambara
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Hide G, Graham T, Buchanan N, Tait A, Keith K. Trypanosoma brucei: characterization of protein kinases that are capable of autophosphorylation in vitro. Parasitology 1994; 108 ( Pt 2):161-6. [PMID: 8159461 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000068256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophosphorylation by protein kinases has been implicated as an important control mechanism in signal transduction and growth regulatory pathways in mammalian cells. We have set out to investigate whether any such autophosphorylating protein kinase activities can be found in Trypanosoma brucei. In order to do this, we have developed a system for characterizing such protein kinase activities using an in vitro assay. This assay was carried out by fractionation of trypanosome lysates using isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis followed by incubation of the gel in gamma 32P-labelled nucleotide triphosphate and subsequent autoradiography. We have identified two classes of autophosphorylating protein kinase activities. In the first class all were dependent on ATP as the phosphate donor substrate and were all found to have a molecular size of 60 kDa. Differences in the activity of these protein kinases were observed between the bloodstream and procyclic life-cycle stages. Furthermore, the addition of mammalian epidermal growth factor to bloodstream stage lysates stimulated an additional activity. The second class of autophosphorylating protein kinases utilized GTP as the phosphate donor and were all found to be 90 kDa in size. Stage-specific differences were also observed in the activity of these protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hide
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Glasgow University Veterinary School
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Abstract
Protein kinase activities in bloodstream and procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei have been partially purified and characterised. Cytosolic extracts were separated on DEAE-cellulose and assayed for the ability to phosphorylate histone in the presence of Ca2+ and diacylglycerol. Five peaks of activity were identified in bloodstream T. brucei and only three in procyclic lysates. One of the kinases present in bloodstream T. brucei shares may characteristics with mammalian protein kinase C. Further characterisation of the kinases using an in situ assay after separating proteins by isoelectric focussing confirmed that the kinases present in bloodstream and procyclic stages differed in properties and either bloodstream kinases are more stable or greater in number than procyclic kinases. A protein present in bloodstream T. brucei was shown by Western blot analysis to contain an epitope recognized by a monoclonal antibody raised against mammalian protein kinase C. We thus conclude that the protein kinases are differentially regulated between the two stages of the parasite and that the bloodstream stage has a protein kinase C homologue. The implications of these findings in relation to a cellular signalling pathway in trypanosomes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Keith
- Wellcome Unit of Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, U.K
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hide
- Wellcome Unit of Molecular Parasitology, Glasgow University, U.K
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Keith K. Perioperative blood glucose levels. Nurs Times 1990; 86:54-5. [PMID: 2359700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
In a survey of wheelchair use in two nursing homes, the authors found a substantial number of cognitively intact nursing home residents who walked, but who also used a wheelchair. Using chart review and interviews with the residents, it was found that multiple physical factors, including pain, strength, endurance, vision and balance, and multiple social and environmental factors, including the fear of falling, were related to the resident's decision to use a wheelchair as an alternative means of mobility. A physical examination focused on aspects of mobility was completed on each resident and was intended to characterize the physical limitations in groups studied. In the nursing home environment, use of the wheelchair is viewed by the residents as a self-initiated choice which the residents believed significantly enhanced their sense of well-being. Finally, there was minimal recognition of mobility as a problem on the part of the medical and nursing staff. The study raises a number of important issues concerning walking versus wheelchair use in the nursing home.
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Marshall ID, Brown BK, Keith K, Gard GP, Thibos E. Variation in arbovirus infection rates in species of birds sampled in a serological survey during an encephalitis epidemic in the Murray Valley of South-eastern Australia, February 1974. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1982; 60 (Pt 5):471-8. [PMID: 6299259 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1982.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There was extensive and exuberant breeding of waterbirds before and during an epidemic of arboviral encephalitis in the Murray Valley of south eastern Australia in 1974. As estimated by haemagglutination inhibition tests on 432 bird sera collected between 4th and 13th February, 1974, infection with Murray Valley encephalitis virus, Kunjin virus and possibly other flaviviruses was concentrated in species of the Order Ciconiiformes (55% positive) and Pelecaniformes (41%), compared with only 5% in Anseriformes. Although Sindbis virus infections were also highest in these 2 Orders (56% and 46%, respectively), the incidence of antibodies was spread more uniformly through other Orders than with the flaviviruses: e.g. Anseriformes, 33%, Podicipitiformes, 27%. As viruses were recovered virtually only from Culex annulirostris mosquitoes, the different patterns of infection seem unrelated to host preference by mosquito species or behavioural response to mosquito attack, and suggest a specific relationship between MVE/KUN and Ciconiiformes and Pelecaniformes. The highest infection rate was 22/25 in mature rufous night herons (formerly nankeen night herons) Nycticorax calendonicus, and here tolerance to mosquito attack was probably a contributing factor. Assays of sera from 13 horses indicated high infection rates both alphaviruses and flaviviruses.
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Keith K. The Occurence of the Dusky Field-rat, Rattus sordidus (Rodentia : Muridae), in New South Wales. Wildl Res 1976. [DOI: 10.1071/wr9760149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Description and measurements are given of two young female R. sordidus trapped near Evans Head, N.S.W., in 1968 and 1970.
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Sobey WR, Adams KM, Johnston GC, Gould LR, Simpson KN, Keith K. Macquarie Island: the introduction of the European rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) as a possible vector for myxomatosis. J Hyg (Lond) 1973; 71:299-308. [PMID: 4515880 PMCID: PMC2130493 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400022762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The European rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) was first released on Macquarie Island in December 1968. The flea has survived and bred on the island and about 30% of the rabbits sampled from the original release area in January 1972 were flea-infested.
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Keith RK, Keith K. Ceylonocotyle streptocoelium in feral ruminants in the Northern Territory of Australia. Aust Vet J 1969; 45:594. [PMID: 5393260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Keith K, Calaby JH. The New Holland mouse, Pseudomys novaehollandiae (Waterhouse), in the Port Stephens district, New South Wales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1071/cwr9680045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Carrick R, Csordas SE, Ingham SE, Keith K. Studies on the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (L.). III. The annual cycle in relation to age and sex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1962. [DOI: 10.1071/cwr9620119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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