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Starling AP, Friedman C, Boyle KE, Adgate JL, Glueck DH, Allshouse WB, Calafat AM, Bloemsma LD, Dabelea D. Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and early childhood adiposity and cardiometabolic health in the Healthy Start study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:276-283. [PMID: 38042932 PMCID: PMC10872497 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Observational and experimental studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can increase childhood adiposity and cardiometabolic disruption. However, most previous studies have used weight-based measures that cannot distinguish between fat mass and lean mass. We evaluated associations of prenatal PFAS exposure with precisely measured body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers in early childhood. SUBJECTS 373 eligible mother-infant pairs in the Healthy Start longitudinal cohort. METHODS We used multiple linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression models to estimate associations between five PFAS in maternal mid-pregnancy serum, and early childhood adiposity via air displacement plethysmography. Secondary outcomes included body mass index, waist circumference, and fasting serum lipids, glucose, insulin and adipokines. Models were adjusted for potential confounders and effect modification by child sex was evaluated. RESULTS The median age of children at assessment was 4.6 years. Prenatal concentration of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was positively associated with percent fat mass (0.89% per log2-unit increase, 95% CI: 0.15, 1.64), while perfluorononanoate (PFNA) was positively associated with fat mass index and body mass index. Cardiometabolic markers in blood were generally not associated with prenatal PFAS in this population. Mixture models confirmed the importance of PFNA and PFOA in predicting percent fat mass, while PFNA was most important for fat mass index, body mass index, and waist circumference. There were no significant effects of the five PFAS as a mixture, potentially due to opposing effects of different PFAS. CONCLUSIONS Our results agree with previous studies showing that prenatal serum concentrations of certain PFAS are positively associated with early childhood adiposity. Notably, associations were stronger for measures incorporating precisely measured fat mass compared to measures of body size or weight. Early life increases in adiposity may precede the development of adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes in children exposed to PFAS during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Chloe Friedman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen E Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deborah H Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William B Allshouse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lizan D Bloemsma
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Semnani-Azad Z, Gaillard R, Hughes AE, Boyle KE, Tobias DK, Perng W. Precision stratification of prognostic risk factors associated with outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Commun Med (Lond) 2024; 4:9. [PMID: 38216688 PMCID: PMC10786838 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this systematic review is to identify prognostic factors among women and their offspring affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), focusing on endpoints of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) for women, and cardiometabolic profile for offspring. METHODS This review included studies published in English language from January 1st, 1990, through September 30th, 2021, that focused on the above outcomes of interest with respect to sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and behavioral characteristics, traditional clinical traits, and 'omics biomarkers in the mothers and offspring during the perinatal/postpartum periods and across the lifecourse. Studies that did not report associations of prognostic factors with outcomes of interest among GDM-exposed women or children were excluded. RESULTS Here, we identified 109 publications comprising 98 observational studies and 11 randomized-controlled trials. Findings indicate that GDM severity, maternal obesity, race/ethnicity, and unhealthy diet and physical activity levels predict T2D and CVD in women, and greater cardiometabolic risk in offspring. However, using the Diabetes Canada 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for studies, the level of evidence was low due to potential for confounding, reverse causation, and selection biases. CONCLUSIONS GDM pregnancies with greater severity, as well as those accompanied by maternal obesity, unhealthy diet, and low physical activity, as well as cases that occur among women who identify as racial/ethnic minorities are associated with worse cardiometabolic prognosis in mothers and offspring. However, given the low quality of evidence, prospective studies with detailed covariate data collection and high fidelity of follow-up are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Romy Gaillard
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alice E Hughes
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kristen E Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics and the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology and the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Waldrop SW, Niemiec S, Wood C, Gyllenhammer LE, Jansson T, Friedman JE, Tryggestad JB, Borengasser SJ, Davidson EJ, Yang IV, Kechris K, Dabelea D, Boyle KE. Cord blood DNA methylation of immune and lipid metabolism genes is associated with maternal triglycerides and child adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:187-199. [PMID: 37869908 PMCID: PMC10872762 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal exposures may impact offspring epigenetic signatures and adiposity. The authors hypothesized that maternal metabolic traits associate with cord blood DNA methylation, which, in turn, associates with child adiposity. METHODS Fasting serum was obtained in 588 pregnant women (27-34 weeks' gestation), and insulin, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were measured. Cord blood DNA methylation and child adiposity were measured at birth, 4-6 months, and 4-6 years. The association of maternal metabolic traits with DNA methylation (429,246 CpGs) for differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) was tested. The association of the first principal component of each DMR with child adiposity was tested, and mediation analysis was performed. RESULTS Maternal triglycerides were associated with the most DMPs and DMRs of all traits tested (261 and 198, respectively, false discovery rate < 0.05). DMRs were near genes involved in immune function and lipid metabolism. Triglyceride-associated CpGs were associated with child adiposity at 4-6 months (32 CpGs) and 4-6 years (2 CpGs). One, near CD226, was observed at both timepoints, mediating 10% and 22% of the relationship between maternal triglycerides and child adiposity at 4-6 months and 4-6 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation may play a role in the association of maternal triglycerides and child adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Waldrop
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Sierra Niemiec
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Cheyret Wood
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Lauren E. Gyllenhammer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jeanie B. Tryggestad
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
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Erickson ML, Dobias D, Keleher MR, Dabelea D, Bergman BC, Broussard JL, Boyle KE. In Vitro Circadian Clock Gene Expression Assessments in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Infants: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:52. [PMID: 38201882 PMCID: PMC10780581 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to intrauterine obesity can disrupt clock gene rhythmicity in animal models. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if maternal obesity alters rhythmic expression of core clock in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from umbilical cords of human infants born to mothers with obesity (Ob-MSC) vs. normal weight (NW-MSC). METHODS We compared in vitro rhythmic expression patterns of core clock (BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2) and clock-output (NR1D1), components in undifferentiated Ob-MSCs (n = 3) vs. NW-MSCs (n = 3). MSCs were harvested every 2 h, following a dexamethasone shock, for 30 h. Adipogenesis or myogenesis was induced in vitro and markers of adipogenesis and fat storage were assessed, respectively. RESULTS We detected significant rhythmicity in expression patterns of BMAL1, PER2, and NR1D1 at the group level in Ob- and NW-MSCs (p < 0.05). PER2 oscillatory amplitude was 3-fold higher in Ob-MSCs vs. NW-MSCs (p < 0.006). During adipogenesis, Ob-MSCs had higher PPARγ protein content (p = 0.04) vs. NW-MSC. During myogenesis, Ob-MSCs had higher saturated triacylglycerols (p = 0.04) vs. NW-MSC. CONCLUSION Rhythmic expressions of BMAL1, PER2, and NR1D1 are detectable in undifferentiated MSCs. Higher PER2 oscillatory amplitude was paralleled by higher markers of fat storage during differentiation in Ob-MSCs vs. NW-MSCs, and supports that the core clock and cellular metabolism may be linked in infant MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devin Dobias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.D.)
| | - Madeline Rose Keleher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.D.)
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Bryan C. Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.C.B.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Josiane L. Broussard
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (B.C.B.); (J.L.B.)
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80011, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.D.)
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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Song AY, Bulka CM, Niemiec SS, Kechris K, Boyle KE, Marsit CJ, O’Shea TM, Fry RC, Lyall K, Fallin MD, Volk HE, Ladd-Acosta C. Accelerated epigenetic age at birth and child emotional and behavioura development in early childhood: a meta-analysis of four prospective cohort studies in ECHO. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2254971. [PMID: 37691382 PMCID: PMC10496525 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2254971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: 'Epigenetic clocks' have been developed to accurately predict chronologic gestational age and have been associated with child health outcomes in prior work.Methods: We meta-analysed results from four prospective U.S cohorts investigating the association between epigenetic age acceleration estimated using blood DNA methylation collected at birth and preschool age Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores.Results: Epigenetic ageing was not significantly associated with CBCL total problem scores (β = 0.33, 95% CI: -0.95, 0.28) and DSM-oriented pervasive development problem scores (β = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.61, 0.15). No associations were observed for other DSM-oriented subscales.Conclusions: The meta-analysis results suggest that epigenetic gestational age acceleration is not associated with child emotional and behavioural functioning for preschool age group. These findings may relate to our study population, which includes two cohorts enriched for ASD and one preterm birth cohort.; future work should address the role of epigenetic age in child health in other study populations.Abbreviations: DNAm: DNA methylation; CBCL: Child Behavioral Checklist; ECHO: Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes; EARLI: Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation; MARBLES: Markers of Autism Risk in Babies - Learning Early Signs; ELGAN: Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns; ASD: autism spectrum disorder; BMI: body mass index; DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Y. Song
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Sierra S. Niemiec
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Heather E. Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bulka CM, Everson TM, Burt AA, Marsit CJ, Karagas MR, Boyle KE, Niemiec S, Kechris K, Davidson EJ, Yang IV, Feinberg JI, Volk HE, Ladd-Acosta C, Breton CV, O’Shea TM, Fry RC. Sex-based differences in placental DNA methylation profiles related to gestational age: an NIH ECHO meta-analysis. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2179726. [PMID: 36840948 PMCID: PMC9980626 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2179726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta undergoes many changes throughout gestation to support the evolving needs of the foetus. There is also a growing appreciation that male and female foetuses develop differently in utero, with unique epigenetic changes in placental tissue. Here, we report meta-analysed sex-specific associations between gestational age and placental DNA methylation from four cohorts in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Programme (355 females/419 males, gestational ages 23-42 weeks). We identified 407 cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) in females and 794 in males where placental methylation levels were associated with gestational age. After cell-type adjustment, 55 CpGs in females and 826 in males were significant. These were enriched for biological processes critical to the immune system in females and transmembrane transport in males. Our findings are distinct between the sexes: in females, associations with gestational age are largely explained by differences in placental cellular composition, whereas in males, gestational age is directly associated with numerous alterations in methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Bulka
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Todd M. Everson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amber A. Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sierra Niemiec
- Colorado School of Public Health, The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Colorado School of Public Health, The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Ivana V. Yang
- Colorado School of Public Health, The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason I. Feinberg
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, ML, USA
| | - Heather E. Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, ML, USA
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, ML, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Starling AP, Liu C, Shen G, Yang IV, Kechris K, Borengasser SJ, Boyle KE, Zhang W, Smith HA, Calafat AM, Hamman RF, Adgate JL, Dabelea D. Erratum: "Prenatal Exposure to per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Umbilical Cord Blood DNA Methylation, and Cardio-Metabolic Indicators in Newborns: The Healthy Start Study". Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:119001. [PMID: 38033175 PMCID: PMC10688823 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
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Keleher MR, Shubhangi S, Brown A, Duensing AM, Lixandrão ME, Gavin KM, Smith HA, Kechris KJ, Yang IV, Dabelea D, Boyle KE. Adipocyte hypertrophy in mesenchymal stem cells from infants of mothers with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2090-2102. [PMID: 37475691 PMCID: PMC10372711 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fat content of adipocytes derived from infant umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) predicts adiposity in children through 4 to 6 years of age. This study tested the hypothesis that MSCs from infants born to mothers with obesity (Ob-MSCs) exhibit adipocyte hypertrophy and perturbations in genes regulating adipogenesis compared with MSCs from infants of mothers with normal weight (NW-MSCs). METHODS Adipogenesis was induced in MSCs embedded in three-dimensional hydrogel structures, and cell size and number were measured by three-dimensional imaging. Proliferation and protein markers of proliferation and adipogenesis in undifferentiated and adipocyte differentiating cells were measured. RNA sequencing was performed to determine pathways linked to adipogenesis phenotype. RESULTS In undifferentiated MSCs, greater zinc finger protein (Zfp)423 protein content was observed in Ob- versus NW-MSCs. Adipocytes from Ob-MSCs were larger but fewer than adipocytes from NW-MSCs. RNA sequencing analysis showed that Zfp423 protein correlated with mRNA expression of genes enriched for cell cycle, MSC lineage specification, inflammation, and metabolism pathways. MSC proliferation was not different before differentiation but declined faster in Ob-MSCs upon adipogenic induction. CONCLUSIONS Ob-MSCs have an intrinsic propensity for adipocyte hypertrophy and reduced hyperplasia during adipogenesis in vitro, perhaps linked to greater Zfp423 content and changes in cell cycle pathway gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Rose Keleher
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Shreya Shubhangi
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Asya Brown
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Allison M. Duensing
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kathleen M. Gavin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Harry A. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Katerina J. Kechris
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Ivana V. Yang
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
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Semnani-Azad Z, Gaillard R, Hughes AE, Boyle KE, Tobias DK, Perng W. Predictors and risk factors of short-term and long-term outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their offspring: Moving toward precision prognosis? medRxiv 2023:2023.04.14.23288199. [PMID: 37131686 PMCID: PMC10153333 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.14.23288199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As part of the American Diabetes Association Precision Medicine in Diabetes Initiative (PMDI) - a partnership with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) - this systematic review is part of a comprehensive evidence evaluation in support of the 2 nd International Consensus Report on Precision Diabetes Medicine. Here, we sought to synthesize evidence from empirical research papers published through September 1 st , 2021 to evaluate and identify prognostic conditions, risk factors, and biomarkers among women and children affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), focusing on clinical endpoints of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among women with a history of GDM; and adiposity and cardiometabolic profile among offspring exposed to GDM in utero. We identified a total of 107 observational studies and 12 randomized controlled trials testing the effect of pharmaceutical and/or lifestyle interventions. Broadly, current literature indicates that greater GDM severity, higher maternal body mass index, belonging to racial/ethnic minority group; and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors would predict a woman's risk of incident T2D and CVD, and an unfavorable cardiometabolic profile among offspring. However, the level of evidence is low (Level 4 according to the Diabetes Canada 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for diabetes prognosis) largely because most studies leveraged retrospective data from large registries that are vulnerable to residual confounding and reverse causation bias; and prospective cohort studies that may suffer selection and attrition bias. Moreover, for the offspring outcomes, we identified a relatively small body of literature on prognostic factors indicative of future adiposity and cardiometabolic risk. Future high-quality prospective cohort studies in diverse populations with granular data collection on prognostic factors, clinical and subclinical outcomes, high fidelity of follow-up, and appropriate analytical approaches to deal with structural biases are warranted.
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Gyllenhammer LE, Duensing AM, Keleher MR, Kechris K, Dabelea D, Boyle KE. Fat content in infant mesenchymal stem cells prospectively associates with childhood adiposity and fasting glucose. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:37-42. [PMID: 36541155 PMCID: PMC9782692 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In human studies, new model systems are needed for improved mechanistic investigation of developmental predisposition for metabolic disease but also to serve as benchmarks in early life prevention or intervention efforts. In this regard, human infant umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an emerging tool. However, long-term clinical relevance to in vivo markers of metabolic disease is unknown. METHODS In a cohort of 124 mother/child dyads, this study tested the hypothesis that triglyceride content (TG) of infant MSCs undergoing adipogenesis in vitro (MSC-TG) is associated with in vivo adiposity (percent fat mass) from birth to early childhood and with fasting glucose and insulin in early childhood. RESULTS MSC-TG was positively associated with in vivo child adiposity at birth, age 4 to 6 months, and age 4 to 6 years. MSC-TG was associated with fasting glucose, but not insulin, at 4 to 6 years. Importantly, MSC-TG explained an additional 13% variance in child adiposity at 4 to 6 years, after accounting for other established birth predictors (weight and percent fat mass at birth) and other established covariates related to child adiposity (e.g., breastfeeding exposure, physical activity). CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the strength of the MSC model for predicting offspring metabolic phenotype into childhood, even when considering the important contribution of other early life risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Gyllenhammer
- Department of Pediatrics, UCI School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Allison M. Duensing
- Section of Nutrition, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Madeline Rose Keleher
- Section of Nutrition, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) CenterAuroraColoradoUSA
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11
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Chaves AB, Zheng D, Johnson JA, Bergman BC, Patinkin ZW, Zaegel V, Biagioni EM, Krassovskaia P, Broskey NT, May LE, Dabelea D, Houmard JA, Boyle KE. Infant Mesenchymal Stem Cell Insulin Action Is Associated With Maternal Plasma Free Fatty Acids, Independent of Obesity Status: The Healthy Start Study. Diabetes 2022; 71:1649-1659. [PMID: 35621990 PMCID: PMC9490356 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical rodent and nonhuman primate models investigating maternal obesity have highlighted the importance of the intrauterine environment in the development of insulin resistance in offspring; however, it remains unclear if these findings can be translated to humans. To investigate possible intrauterine effects in humans, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord tissue of infants born to mothers of normal weight or mothers with obesity. Insulin-stimulated glycogen storage was determined in MSCs undergoing myogenesis in vitro. There was no difference in insulin action based on maternal obesity. However, maternal free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, cord leptin, and intracellular triglyceride content were positively correlated with insulin action. Furthermore, MSCs from offspring born to mothers with elevated FFAs displayed elevated activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that infants born to mothers with elevated lipid availability have greater insulin action in MSCs, which may indicate upregulation of growth and lipid storage pathways during periods of maternal overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec B. Chaves
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Jonathan A. Johnson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Bryan C. Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Zachary W. Patinkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Vincent Zaegel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ericka M. Biagioni
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Polina Krassovskaia
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Nicholas T. Broskey
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Linda E. May
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Aurora, CO
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12
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Chaves A, Weyrauch LA, Zheng D, Biagioni EM, Krassovskaia PM, Davidson BL, Broskey NT, Boyle KE, May LE, Houmard JA. Influence of Maternal Exercise on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Offspring Stem Cells: ENHANCED by Mom. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3353-e3365. [PMID: 35511592 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent preclinical data suggest exercise during pregnancy can improve the metabolic phenotype not only of the mother, but of the developing offspring as well. However, investigations in human offspring are lacking. OBJECTIVE To characterize the effect of maternal aerobic exercise on the metabolic phenotype of the offspring's mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Clinical research facility. PATIENTS Healthy female adults between 18 and 35 years of age and ≤ 16 weeks' gestation. INTERVENTION Mothers were randomized into 1 of 2 groups: aerobic exercise (AE, n = 10) or nonexercise control (CTRL, n = 10). The AE group completed 150 minutes of weekly moderate-intensity exercise, according to American College of Sports Medicine guidelines, during pregnancy, whereas controls attended stretching sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Following delivery, MSCs were isolated from the umbilical cord of the offspring and metabolic tracer and immunoblotting experiments were completed in the undifferentiated (D0) or myogenically differentiated (D21) state. RESULTS AE-MSCs at D0 had an elevated fold-change over basal in insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and reduced nonoxidized glucose metabolite (NOGM) production (P ≤ 0.05). At D21, AE-MSCs had a significant elevation in glucose partitioning toward oxidation (oxidation/NOGM ratio) compared with CTRL (P ≤ 0.05). Immunoblot analysis revealed elevated complex I expression in the AE-MSCs at D21 (P ≤ 0.05). Basal and palmitate-stimulated lipid metabolism was similar between groups at D0 and D21. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence of a programmed metabolic phenotype in human offspring with maternal AE during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Chaves
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Luke A Weyrauch
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Ericka M Biagioni
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Polina M Krassovskaia
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Breanna L Davidson
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Nicholas T Broskey
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Kristen E Boyle
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda E May
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Boyle KE. Programmed epigenetic risk: Can stress exposures in utero predispose infants to obesity and metabolic diseases? FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.0i201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Francis EC, Dabelea D, Boyle KE, Jansson T, Perng W. Maternal Diet Quality Is Associated with Placental Proteins in the Placental Insulin/Growth Factor, Environmental Stress, Inflammation, and mTOR Signaling Pathways: The Healthy Start ECHO Cohort. J Nutr 2021; 152:816-825. [PMID: 34850052 PMCID: PMC8891174 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutritional status affects placental function, which may underlie the intrauterine origins of obesity and diabetes. The extent to which diet quality is associated with placental signaling and which specific pathways are impacted is unknown. OBJECTIVES To examine sex-specific associations of maternal diet quality according to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-developed to align with recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans-with placental proteins involved in metabolism and mediators of environmental stress, inflammation, and growth factors. METHODS Among 108 women from the Healthy Start cohort with a mean ± SD age of 29.0 ± 6.1 y and a prepregnancy BMI (in kg/m2) of 24.8 ± 5.3, we conducted multivariable linear regression analysis stratified by offspring sex. We adjusted for maternal race or ethnicity, age, education, prenatal smoking habits, and physical activity and tested for an association of maternal HEI >57 compared with ≤57 and the abundance and phosphorylation of key proteins involved in insulin/growth factor signaling; mediators of environmental stress, inflammation, and growth factors; mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling proteins; and energy sensing in placental villus samples. HEI >57 was chosen given its prior relevance among Healthy Start mother-child dyads. RESULTS In adjusted models, HEI >57 was associated with greater abundance of insulin receptor β (0.80; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.49) in placentas of females. In males, maternal HEI >57 was associated with greater activation and abundance of select placental nutrient-sensing proteins and environmental stress, inflammation, and growth factor proteins (S6K1Thr389/S6K1: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.21, 1.41; JNK1Thr183/Tyr185/JNK1: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.27, 1.37; JNK2Thr183/Tyr185/JNK2: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.11). CONCLUSIONS Higher-quality diet had sex-specific associations with placental protein abundance/phosphorylation. Given that these proteins have been correlated with neonatal anthropometry, our findings provide insight into modifiable factors and placental pathways that should be examined in future studies as potential links between maternal diet and offspring metabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02273297.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen E Boyle
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA,Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wei Perng
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA,Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Deptartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Flanagan EW, Most J, Altazan AD, Boyle KE, Redman LM. A role for the early pregnancy maternal milieu in the intergenerational transmission of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1780-1786. [PMID: 34734494 PMCID: PMC9208317 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal obesity increases the risks for adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes but with large heterogeneity. This study examined changes to the maternal metabolic milieu across pregnancy in women with obesity. It identified differences between a metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype and a metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype, as well as the differences in offspring adiposity between the two metabolic phenotypes. METHODS In early pregnancy, women were classified with MHO (n = 13) or MUO (n = 9) based on the presence of zero or ≥2 risk factors for metabolic syndrome, respectively (systolic blood pressure > 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 85 mm Hg, HDL cholesterol < 50 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol ≥ 100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, and glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL). Area under the pregnancy concentration curve for glucose and triglycerides measured at early (13-16 weeks), mid- (24-27 weeks), and late (35-37 weeks) pregnancy, gestational weight gain (GWG), energy expenditure, maternal fat accretion, and infant body composition were compared. RESULTS Maternal BMI, GWG, and fat accretion did not differ between MUO and MHO. Women with MUO had a greater area under the pregnancy concentration curve for glucose (+2,170 [382] mg/dL·day, p < 0.001) and triglycerides (+12,211 [3,916] mg/dL·day, p < 0.001). There were no differences in late-pregnancy total daily energy expenditure, but activity energy expenditure was significantly lower in MUO (-403 [144] kcal). MUO offspring had greater weight (+621 [205] g, p = 0.01) and adiposity (+5.8% [2.1%], p = 0.02) at 1 week of life but showed no differences in fat-free mass. CONCLUSIONS Independent of GWG, MUO resulted in heightened exposure of fetal fat-promoting substrates. Differing metabolic phenotypes may explain heterogeneity of offspring adiposity born to women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasper Most
- Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard/Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Abby D. Altazan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisana, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisana, USA
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16
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Erickson ML, Patinkin ZW, Duensing AM, Dabelea D, Redman LM, Boyle KE. Maternal metabolic health drives mesenchymal stem cell metabolism and infant fat mass at birth. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146606. [PMID: 34061777 PMCID: PMC8410068 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to maternal obesity may promote metabolic dysfunction in offspring. We used infant mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to experimentally examine cellular mechanisms of intergenerational health transmission. Our earlier reports show MSCs collected from infants of mothers with obesity had a dichotomous distribution in metabolic efficiency; they were either efficient (Ef-Ob) or inefficient (In-Ob) with respect to fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Here, we sought to determine if this was due to a primary defect in FAO. Accordingly, we measured FAO in myogenic differentiating MSCs under 3 conditions: (a) myogenesis alone, (b) excess fatty acid exposure, and (c) excess fatty acid exposure plus a chemical uncoupler to increase metabolic rate. Compared with normal weight and Ef-Ob MSCs, In-Ob displayed lower FAO in myogenesis alone and after fatty acid plus uncoupler, indicating In-Ob were less metabolically flexible after increasing lipid availability and metabolic rate, demonstrating a primary deficit in FAO. MSC FAO was negatively associated with fasting maternal glucose and insulin and positively associated with fasting HDL-cholesterol. MSC FAO was negatively associated with infant fat mass. These data indicate a less favorable maternal metabolic milieu, independent of maternal BMI, reduces intrinsic MSC FAO and is linked to higher infant adiposity as early as birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Erickson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zachary W. Patinkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Allison M. Duensing
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Keleher MR, Erickson K, Smith HA, Kechris KJ, Yang IV, Dabelea D, Friedman JE, Boyle KE, Jansson T. Placental Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling, PGC-1α, and Inflammatory Pathways Are Associated With Metabolic Outcomes at 4-6 Years of Age: The ECHO Healthy Start Cohort. Diabetes 2021; 70:745-751. [PMID: 33414248 PMCID: PMC7897346 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An adverse intrauterine environment is associated with the future risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Changes in placental function may underpin the intrauterine origins of adult disease, but longitudinal studies linking placental function with childhood outcomes are rare. Here, we determined the abundance and phosphorylation of protein intermediates involved in insulin signaling, inflammation, cortisol metabolism, protein glycosylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis in placental villus samples from healthy mothers from the Healthy Start cohort. Using MANOVA, we tested the association between placental proteins and offspring adiposity (fat mass percentage) at birth (n = 109) and infancy (4-6 months, n = 104), and adiposity, skinfold thickness, triglycerides, and insulin in children (4-6 years, n = 66). Placental IGF-1 receptor protein was positively associated with serum triglycerides in children. GSK3β phosphorylation at serine 9, a readout of insulin and growth factor signaling, and the ratio of phosphorylated to total JNK2 were both positively associated with midthigh skinfold thickness in children. Moreover, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α abundance was positively associated with insulin in children. In conclusion, placental insulin/IGF-1 signaling, PGC-1α, and inflammation pathways were positively associated with metabolic outcomes in 4- to 6-year-old children, identifying a novel link between placental function and long-term metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Rose Keleher
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Kathryn Erickson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Harry A Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Katerina J Kechris
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Ivana V Yang
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Kristen E Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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18
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Starling AP, Liu C, Shen G, Yang IV, Kechris K, Borengasser SJ, Boyle KE, Zhang W, Smith HA, Calafat AM, Hamman RF, Adgate JL, Dabelea D. Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Umbilical Cord Blood DNA Methylation, and Cardio-Metabolic Indicators in Newborns: The Healthy Start Study. Environ Health Perspect 2020; 128:127014. [PMID: 33356526 PMCID: PMC7759236 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent chemicals widely detected in women of reproductive age. Prenatal PFAS exposure is associated with adverse health outcomes in children. We hypothesized that DNA methylation changes may result from prenatal PFAS exposure and may be linked to offspring cardio-metabolic phenotype. OBJECTIVES We estimated associations of prenatal PFAS with DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood. We evaluated associations of methylation at selected sites with neonatal cardio-metabolic indicators. METHODS Among 583 mother-infant pairs in a prospective cohort, five PFAS were quantified in maternal serum (median 27 wk of gestation). Umbilical cord blood DNA methylation was evaluated using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were evaluated at a false discovery rate ( FDR ) < 0.05 and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified using comb-p (Šidák-adjusted p < 0.05 ). We estimated associations between methylation at candidate DMPs and DMR sites and the following outcomes: newborn weight, adiposity, and cord blood glucose, insulin, lipids, and leptin. RESULTS Maternal serum PFAS concentrations were below the median for females in the U.S. general population. Moderate to high pairwise correlations were observed between PFAS concentrations (ρ = 0.28 - 0.76 ). Methylation at one DMP (cg18587484), annotated to the gene TJAP1, was associated with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) at FDR < 0.05 . Comb-p detected between 4 and 15 DMRs for each PFAS. Associated genes, some common across multiple PFAS, were implicated in growth (RPTOR), lipid homeostasis (PON1, PON3, CIDEB, NR1H2), inflammation and immune activity (RASL11B, RNF39), among other functions. There was suggestive evidence that two PFAS-associated loci (cg09093485, cg09637273) were associated with cord blood triglycerides and birth weight, respectively (FDR < 0.1 ). DISCUSSION DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood was associated with maternal serum PFAS concentrations during pregnancy, suggesting potential associations with offspring growth, metabolism, and immune function. Future research should explore whether DNA methylation changes mediate associations between prenatal PFAS exposures and child health outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6888.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P. Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cuining Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Guannan Shen
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Harry A. Smith
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard F. Hamman
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John L. Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Keleher MR, Erickson K, Kechris K, Yang IV, Dabelea D, Friedman JE, Boyle KE, Jansson T. Associations between the activity of placental nutrient-sensing pathways and neonatal and postnatal metabolic health: the ECHO Healthy Start cohort. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:2203-2212. [PMID: 32327723 PMCID: PMC8329931 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our hypothesis was that the activity of placental nutrient-sensing pathways is associated with adiposity and metabolic health in childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using placental villus samples from healthy mothers from the Healthy Start Study, we measured the abundance and phosphorylation of key intermediates in the mTOR, insulin, AMPK, and ER stress signaling pathways. Using multivariate multiple regression models, we tested the association between placental proteins and offspring adiposity (%fat mass) at birth (n = 109), 4-6 months (n = 104), and 4-6 years old (n = 64), adjusted for offspring sex and age. RESULTS Placental mTORC1 phosphorylation was positively associated with adiposity at birth (R2 = 0.13, P = 0.009) and 4-6 years (R2 = 0.15, P = 0.046). The mTORC2 target PKCα was positively associated with systolic blood pressure at 4-6 years (β = 2.90, P = 0.005). AMPK phosphorylation was positively associated with adiposity at birth (β = 2.32, P = 0.023), but the ratio of phosphorylated to total AMPK was negatively associated with skinfold thickness (β = -2.37, P = 0.022) and body weight (β = -2.92, P = 0.005) at 4-6 years. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of associations between key placental protein activity measures and longitudinal child outcomes at various life stages. Our data indicate that AMPK and mTOR signaling are linked to cardiometabolic measures at birth and 4-6 years, providing novel insight into potential mechanisms underpinning how metabolic signaling in the placenta is associated with future risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Rose Keleher
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Kathryn Erickson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kristen E Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Boyle KE, Magill-Collins MJ, Newsom SA, Janssen RC, Friedman JE. Maternal Fat-1 Transgene Protects Offspring from Excess Weight Gain, Oxidative Stress, and Reduced Fatty Acid Oxidation in Response to High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:E767. [PMID: 32183350 PMCID: PMC7146584 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity accompanies up to 70% of pregnancies and is a strong risk factor for offspring metabolic disease. Maternal obesity-associated inflammation and lipid profile are hypothesized as important contributors to excess offspring liver and skeletal muscle lipid deposition and oxidative stress. Here, we tested whether dams expressing the fat-1 transgene, which endogenously converts omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid, could protect wild-type (WT) offspring against high-fat diet induced weight gain, oxidative stress, and disrupted mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Despite similar body mass at weaning, offspring from fat-1 high-fat-fed dams gained less weight compared with offspring from WT high-fat-fed dams. In particular, WT males from fat-1 high-fat-fed dams were protected from post-weaning high-fat diet induced weight gain, reduced fatty acid oxidation, or excess oxidative stress compared with offspring of WT high-fat-fed dams. Adult offspring of WT high-fat-fed dams exhibited greater skeletal muscle triglycerides and reduced skeletal muscle antioxidant defense and redox balance compared with offspring of WT dams on control diet. Fat-1 offspring were protected from the reduced fatty acid oxidation and excess oxidative stress observed in offspring of WT high-fat-fed dams. These results indicate that a maternal fat-1 transgene has protective effects against offspring liver and skeletal muscle lipotoxicity resulting from a maternal high-fat diet, particularly in males. Altering maternal fatty acid composition, without changing maternal dietary composition or weight gain with high-fat feeding, may highlight important strategies for n-3-based prevention of developmental programming of obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Margaret J. Magill-Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.J.M.-C.); (S.A.N.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Sean A. Newsom
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.J.M.-C.); (S.A.N.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Rachel C. Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.J.M.-C.); (S.A.N.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.J.M.-C.); (S.A.N.); (R.C.J.); (J.E.F.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Abstract
Spectrophotometric analysis of metabolic enzyme activity from homogenized tissues is a valuable method for investigating mitochondrial content and capacity. Enzyme activity is normally measured in single cuvette spectrophotometers, requiring a large sample volume and low throughput. Here, we describe microplate assays for high-throughput analysis of mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase, β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, aconitase, and mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) complexes I, II, III, and IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Janssen
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen E Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Bruce KD, Gorkhali S, Given K, Coates AM, Boyle KE, Macklin WB, Eckel RH. Lipoprotein Lipase Is a Feature of Alternatively-Activated Microglia and May Facilitate Lipid Uptake in the CNS During Demyelination. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:57. [PMID: 29599706 PMCID: PMC5862862 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) such as multiple sclerosis (MS), can be devastating for many young lives. To date, the factors resulting in poor remyelination and repair are not well understood, and reparative therapies that benefit MS patients have yet to be developed. We have previously shown that the activity and abundance of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)—the rate-limiting enzyme in the hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins—is increased in Schwann cells and macrophages following nerve crush injury in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), suggesting that LPL may help scavenge myelin-derived lipids. We hypothesized that LPL may play a similar role in the CNS. To test this, mice were immunized with MOG35–55 peptide to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). LPL activity was increased (p < 0.05) in the brain at 30 days post-injection, coinciding with partial remission of clinical symptoms. Furthermore, LPL abundance and activity was up-regulated (p < 0.05) at the transition between de- and re-myelination in lysolecithin-treated ex vivo cerebellar slices. Since microglia are the key immune effector cells of the CNS we determined the role of LPL in microglia. Lipid uptake was decreased (p < 0.001) in LPL-deficient BV-2 microglial cells compared to WT. In addition, LPL-deficient cells showed dramatically reduced expression of anti-inflammatory markers, YM1 (−22 fold, p < 0.001), and arginase 1 (Arg1; −265 fold, p < 0.001) and increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers, such as iNOS compared to WT cells (+53 fold, p < 0.001). This suggests that LPL is a feature of reparative microglia, further supported by the metabolic and inflammatory profile of LPL-deficient microglia. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that LPL expression is a novel feature of a microglial phenotype that supports remyelination and repair through the clearance of lipid debris. This mechanism may be exploited to develop future reparative therapies for MS and primary neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sachi Gorkhali
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Katherine Given
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alison M Coates
- School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kristen E Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Baker PR, Patinkin Z, Shapiro AL, De La Houssaye BA, Woontner M, Boyle KE, Vanderlinden L, Dabelea D, Friedman JE. Maternal obesity and increased neonatal adiposity correspond with altered infant mesenchymal stem cell metabolism. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94200. [PMID: 29093265 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a global health problem that increases offspring obesity risk. The metabolic pathways underlying early developmental programming in human infants at risk for obesity remain poorly understood, largely due to barriers in fetal/infant tissue sampling. Utilizing umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (uMSC) from offspring of normal weight and obese mothers, we tested whether energy metabolism and gene expression differ in differentiating uMSC myocytes and adipocytes, in relation to maternal obesity exposures and/or neonatal adiposity. Biomarkers of incomplete β-oxidation were uniquely positively correlated with infant adiposity and maternal lipid levels in uMSC myocytes from offspring of obese mothers only. Metabolic and biosynthetic processes were enriched in differential gene expression analysis related to maternal obesity. In uMSC adipocytes, maternal obesity and lipids were associated with downregulation in multiple insulin-dependent energy-sensing pathways including PI3K and AMPK. Maternal lipids correlated with uMSC adipocyte upregulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain but downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Overall, our data revealed cell-specific alterations in metabolism and gene expression that correlated with maternal obesity and adiposity of their offspring, suggesting tissue-specific metabolic and regulatory changes in these newborn cells. We provide important insight into potential developmental programming mechanisms of increased obesity risk in offspring of obese mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zachary Patinkin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Allison Lb Shapiro
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Michael Woontner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen E Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Boyle KE, Patinkin ZW, Shapiro ALB, Bader C, Vanderlinden L, Kechris K, Janssen RC, Ford RJ, Smith BK, Steinberg GR, Davidson EJ, Yang IV, Dabelea D, Friedman JE. Maternal obesity alters fatty acid oxidation, AMPK activity, and associated DNA methylation in mesenchymal stem cells from human infants. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1503-1516. [PMID: 29107296 PMCID: PMC5681274 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Infants born to mothers with obesity have greater adiposity, ectopic fat storage, and are at increased risk for childhood obesity and metabolic disease compared with infants of normal weight mothers, though the cellular mechanisms mediating these effects are unclear. Methods We tested the hypothesis that human, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from infants born to obese (Ob-MSC) versus normal weight (NW-MSC) mothers demonstrate altered fatty acid metabolism consistent with adult obesity. In infant MSCs undergoing myogenesis in vitro, we measured cellular lipid metabolism and AMPK activity, AMPK activation in response to cellular nutrient stress, and MSC DNA methylation and mRNA content of genes related to oxidative metabolism. Results We found that Ob-MSCs exhibit greater lipid accumulation, lower fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and dysregulation of AMPK activity when undergoing myogenesis in vitro. Further experiments revealed a clear phenotype distinction within the Ob-MSC group where more severe MSC metabolic perturbation corresponded to greater neonatal adiposity and umbilical cord blood insulin levels. Targeted analysis of DNA methylation array revealed Ob-MSC hypermethylation in genes regulating FAO (PRKAG2, ACC2, CPT1A, SDHC) and corresponding lower mRNA content of these genes. Moreover, MSC methylation was positively correlated with infant adiposity. Conclusions These data suggest that greater infant adiposity is associated with suppressed AMPK activity and reduced lipid oxidation in MSCs from infants born to mothers with obesity and may be an important, early marker of underlying obesity risk. Mesenchymal stem cells from infants of obese mothers have greater lipid content in vitro. This is attributable to lower fatty acid oxidation, not greater fatty acid uptake. AMPK is dysregulated in these cells and corresponds to higher infant adiposity. Epigenetic differences in genes regulating these pathways are observed in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Zachary W Patinkin
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Allison L B Shapiro
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carly Bader
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren Vanderlinden
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca J Ford
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Boyle KE, Friedman JE, Janssen RC, Underkofler C, Houmard JA, Rasouli N. Metabolic Inflexibility with Obesity and the Effects of Fenofibrate on Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Oxidation. Horm Metab Res 2017; 49:50-57. [PMID: 28103623 PMCID: PMC6771427 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate mechanisms of lipid metabolic inflexibility in human obesity and the ability of fenofibrate (FENO) to increase skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in primary human skeletal muscle cell cultures (HSkMC) exhibiting metabolic inflexibility. HSkMC from 10 lean and 10 obese, insulin resistant subjects were treated with excess fatty acid for 24 h (24hFA) to gauge lipid-related metabolic flexibility. Metabolically inflexible HSkMC from obese individuals were then treated with 24hFA in combination with FENO to determine effectiveness for increasing FAO. Mitochondrial enzyme activity and FAO were measured in skeletal muscle from subjects with prediabetes (n=11) before and after 10 weeks of fenofibrate in vivo. 24hFA increased FAO to a greater extent in HSkMC from lean versus obese subjects (+49% vs. +9%, for lean vs. obese, respectively; p<0.05) indicating metabolic inflexibility with obesity. Metabolic inflexibility was not observed for measures of cellular respiration in permeabilized cells using carbohydrate substrate. Fenofibrate co-incubation with 24hFA, increased FAO in a subset of HSkMC from metabolically inflexible, obese subjects (p<0.05), which was eliminated by PPARα antagonist. In vivo, fenofibrate treatment increased skeletal muscle FAO in a subset of subjects with prediabetes but did not affect gene transcription or mitochondrial enzyme activity. Lipid metabolic inflexibility observed in HSkMC from obese subjects is not due to differences in electron transport flux, but rather upstream decrements in lipid metabolism. Fenofibrate increases the capacity for FAO in human skeletal muscle cells, though its role in skeletal muscle metabolism in vivo remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E. Boyle
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Rachel C. Janssen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Chantal Underkofler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
| | - Neda Rasouli
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
- Veterans Administration Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO USA
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Boyle KE, Patinkin ZW, Shapiro ALB, Baker PR, Dabelea D, Friedman JE. Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Infants Born to Obese Mothers Exhibit Greater Potential for Adipogenesis: The Healthy Start BabyBUMP Project. Diabetes 2016; 65:647-59. [PMID: 26631736 PMCID: PMC4764150 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity increases the risk for pediatric obesity; however, the molecular mechanisms in human infants remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from infants born to obese mothers would demonstrate greater potential for adipogenesis and less potential for myogenesis, driven by differences in β-catenin, a regulator of MSC commitment. MSCs were cultured from the umbilical cords of infants born to normal-weight (prepregnancy [pp] BMI 21.1 ± 0.3 kg/m(2); n = 15; NW-MSCs) and obese mothers (ppBMI 34.6 ± 1.0 kg/m(2); n = 14; Ob-MSCs). Upon differentiation, Ob-MSCs exhibit evidence of greater adipogenesis (+30% Oil Red O stain [ORO], +50% peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ protein; P < 0.05) compared with NW-MSCs. In undifferentiated cells, total β-catenin protein content was 10% lower and phosphorylated Thr41Ser45/total β-catenin was 25% higher (P < 0.05) in Ob-MSCs versus NW-MSCs (P < 0.05). Coupled with 25% lower inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β in Ob-MSCs (P < 0.05), these data suggest greater β-catenin degradation in Ob-MSCs. Lithium chloride inhibition of GSK-3β increased nuclear β-catenin content and normalized nuclear PPAR-γ in Ob-MSCs. Last, ORO in adipogenic differentiating cells was positively correlated with the percent fat mass in infants (r = 0.475; P < 0.05). These results suggest that altered GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in MSCs of infants exposed to maternal obesity may have important consequences for MSC lineage commitment, fetal fat accrual, and offspring obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Zachary W Patinkin
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Peter R Baker
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Baker PR, Boyle KE, Koves TR, Ilkayeva OR, Muoio DM, Houmard JA, Friedman JE. Metabolomic analysis reveals altered skeletal muscle amino acid and fatty acid handling in obese humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:981-988. [PMID: 25864501 PMCID: PMC4414721 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the effects of obesity and high-fat diet (HFD) exposure on fatty acid oxidation and TCA cycle intermediates and amino acids in skeletal muscle to better characterize energy metabolism. METHODS Plasma and skeletal muscle metabolomic profiles were measured from lean and obese males before and after a 5-day HFD in the 4 h postprandial condition. RESULTS At both time points, plasma short-chain acylcarnitine species (SCAC) were higher in the obese subjects, while the amino acids glycine, histidine, methionine, and citrulline were lower in skeletal muscle of obese subjects. Skeletal muscle medium-chain acylcarnitines (MCAC) C6, C8, C10:2, C10:1, C10, and C12:1 increased in obese subjects, but decreased in lean subjects, from pre- to post-HFD. Plasma content of C10:1 was also decreased in the lean but increased in the obese subjects from pre- to post-HFD. CD36 increased from pre- to post-HFD in obese but not lean subjects. CONCLUSIONS Lower skeletal muscle amino acid content and accumulation of plasma SCAC in obese subjects could reflect increased anaplerosis for TCA cycle intermediates, while accumulation of MCAC suggests limitations in β-oxidation. These measures may be important markers of or contributors to dysregulated metabolism observed in skeletal muscle of obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Sections of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Nutrition, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy R. Koves
- Department of Pharmacology, Stedman Center for Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olga R. Ilkayeva
- Department of Pharmacology, Stedman Center for Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deborah M. Muoio
- Department of Pharmacology, Stedman Center for Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Neonatology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Boyle KE, Newsom SA, Janssen RC, Lappas M, Friedman JE. Skeletal muscle MnSOD, mitochondrial complex II, and SIRT3 enzyme activities are decreased in maternal obesity during human pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1601-9. [PMID: 23956348 PMCID: PMC3790616 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance and systemic oxidative stress are prominent features of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The role of skeletal muscle oxidative stress or mitochondrial capacity in obese pregnant women or obese women with GDM is unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether obese pregnant women, compared with normal weight (NW) pregnant women, demonstrate decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity and elevated markers of oxidative stress, and if these differences are more severe in obese women diagnosed with GDM. DESIGN We measured mitochondrial enzyme activity and markers of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle tissue from NW pregnant women (n = 10), obese pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 10), and obese pregnant women with GDM (n = 8), undergoing cesarean delivery (∼37 wk gestation). RESULTS Electron transport complex-II and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) enzyme activities were decreased in obese-NGT and obese-GDM, compared with NW women. The glutathione redox ratio (GSH:GSSG) was decreased in obese-NGT and obese-GDM, indicative of increased oxidative stress. Mitochondrial sirtuin (SIRT)3 mRNA content and enzyme activity were lower in skeletal muscle of obese-NGT and obese-GDM women. Importantly, acetylation of MnSOD, a SIRT3 target, was increased in obese-NGT and obese-GDM vs NW women and was inversely correlated with SIRT3 activity (r = -0.603), suggesting a mechanism for reduced MnSOD activity. CONCLUSIONS These data show that obese pregnant women demonstrate decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity and decreased mitochondrial antioxidant defense. Furthermore, reduced skeletal muscle SIRT3 activity may play a role in the increased oxidative stress associated with pregnancies complicated by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Boyle
- PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, MS C225, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
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Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related complications are epidemic issues currently plaguing much of the developed world with increasing associated morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. In this brief review, we discuss emerging evidence and remaining questions regarding the possible role for mitochondrial sirtuin 3 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Newsom
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
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Boyle KE, Canham JP, Consitt LA, Zheng D, Koves TR, Gavin TP, Holbert D, Neufer PD, Ilkayeva O, Muoio DM, Houmard JA. A high-fat diet elicits differential responses in genes coordinating oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle of lean and obese individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:775-81. [PMID: 21190973 PMCID: PMC3047224 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In lean individuals, increasing dietary lipid can elicit an increase in whole body lipid oxidation; however, with obesity the capacity to respond to changes in substrate availability appears to be compromised. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the responses of genes regulating lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle differed between lean and insulin resistant obese humans upon exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD). DESIGN AND SETTING A 5-d prospective study conducted in the research unit of an academic center. PARTICIPANTS Healthy, lean (n = 12; body mass index = 22.1 ± 0.6 kg/m(2)), and obese (n=10; body mass index = 39.6 ± 1.7 kg/m(2)) males and females, between ages 18 and 30. INTERVENTION Participants were studied before and after a 5-d HFD (65% fat). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained in the fasted and fed states before and after the HFD and mRNA content for genes involved with lipid oxidation determined. Skeletal muscle acylcarnitine content was determined in the fed states before and after the HFD. RESULTS Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α mRNA content increased in lean, but not obese, subjects after a single high-fat meal. From Pre- to Post-HFD, mRNA content exhibited a body size × HFD interaction, where the lean individuals increased while the obese individuals decreased mRNA content for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, uncoupling protein 3, PPARα, and PPARγ coactivator-1α (P ≤ 0.05). In the obese subjects medium-chain acylcarnitine species tended to accumulate, whereas no change or a reduction was evident in the lean individuals. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a differential response to a lipid stimulus in the skeletal muscle of lean and insulin resistant obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Boyle
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA.
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Kwak HB, Lin CT, Kane DA, Lee NS, Boyle KE, Houmard JA, Cortright RN, Neufer PD. Simvastatin Increases Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Reduces Mitochondrial Ca2+ Retention Capacity in Human Skeletal Myotubes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389360.98999.bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Battaglia G, Zheng D, Boyle KE, Houmard JA. A 3-day High-fat Diet Increases Muscle Lipid Oxidation in Lean, Healthy Individuals. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000385402.07011.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Anderson EJ, Lustig ME, Boyle KE, Woodlief TL, Kane DA, Lin CT, Price JW, Kang L, Rabinovitch PS, Szeto HH, Houmard JA, Cortright RN, Wasserman DH, Neufer PD. Mitochondrial H2O2 emission and cellular redox state link excess fat intake to insulin resistance in both rodents and humans. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:573-81. [PMID: 19188683 DOI: 10.1172/jci37048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 931] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High dietary fat intake leads to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and this represents a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the disease process, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Here we show that in skeletal muscle of both rodents and humans, a diet high in fat increases the H(2)O(2)-emitting potential of mitochondria, shifts the cellular redox environment to a more oxidized state, and decreases the redox-buffering capacity in the absence of any change in mitochondrial respiratory function. Furthermore, we show that attenuating mitochondrial H(2)O(2) emission, either by treating rats with a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant or by genetically engineering the overexpression of catalase in mitochondria of muscle in mice, completely preserves insulin sensitivity despite a high-fat diet. These findings place the etiology of insulin resistance in the context of mitochondrial bioenergetics by demonstrating that mitochondrial H(2)O(2) emission serves as both a gauge of energy balance and a regulator of cellular redox environment, linking intracellular metabolic balance to the control of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Anderson
- Metabolic Institute for the Study of Diabetes and Obesity, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with a decrement in the ability of skeletal muscle to oxidize lipid. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether clinical interventions (weight loss, exercise training) could reverse the impairment in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) evident in extremely obese individuals. FAO was assessed by incubating skeletal muscle homogenates with [1-(14)C]palmitate and measuring (14)CO(2) production. Weight loss was studied using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Muscle FAO in extremely obese women who had lost weight (decrease in body mass of approximately 50 kg) was compared with extremely obese and lean individuals (BMI of 22.8 +/- 1.2, 50.7 +/- 3.9, and 36.5 +/- 3.5 kg/m(2) for lean, obese, and obese after weight loss, respectively). There was no difference in muscle FAO between the extremely obese and weight loss groups, and FAO was depressed (-45%; P < or = 0.05) compared with the lean subjects. Muscle FAO also did not change in extremely obese women (n = 8) before and 1 yr after a 55-kg weight loss. In contrast, 10 consecutive days of exercise training increased (P < or = 0.05) FAO in the skeletal muscle of lean (+1.7-fold), obese (+1.8-fold), and previously extremely obese subjects after weight loss (+2.6-fold). mRNA content for PDK4, CPT I, and PGC-1alpha corresponded with FAO in that there were no changes with weight loss and an increase with physical activity. These data indicate that a defect in the ability to oxidize lipid in skeletal muscle is evident with obesity, which is corrected with exercise training but persists after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Berggren
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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35
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Anderson EJ, Boyle KE, Houmard JA, Neufer PD. Excess dietary fat depletes glutathione, increases mitochondrial oxidant emitting potential and shifts redox balance to a more oxidized state in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.958.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Exercise Science & PhysiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
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Boyle KE, Thuma JR, Loucks AB. Short-Term Effects of Low Energy Availability on Ghrelin Reflect Effects on Body Size Not Insulin or Leptin. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200405001-00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic ablation of symptomatic renal cysts as minimally invasive therapeutic techniques have largely supplanted open surgical intervention for the treatment of symptomatic renal cysts. METHODS The records of 32 consecutive adult patients who underwent laparoscopic ablation of renal cysts (11 peripelvic, 21 parenchymal) were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were symptomatic at presentation; 26 had a single cyst, 5 had two cysts, and 1 had four cysts. RESULTS Twenty patients underwent a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach, and 12 patients underwent a retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach. An average of 3.2 ports were used for each procedure, and no open conversions or transfusions were necessary. When comparing patients with parenchymal and peripelvic cysts, statistically significant differences were noted in the mean operative time (164 versus 233 minutes, respectively; P = 0.003) and mean operative blood loss (98 versus 182 mL, respectively; P = 0.04). Four patients (13%) had complications (one major and three minor), including a persistent ureteral stricture. One patient with negative preoperative aspiration cytology and negative intraoperative frozen section analysis was later found to have malignancy within the cyst wall, necessitating radical nephrectomy and trocar site excision. One patient (3%) developed a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic ablation of symptomatic renal cysts is a safe and efficacious procedure. We report an overall complication rate of 13% and a recurrence rate of 3% with a mean follow-up of 18.1 months (median 10.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Roberts
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cadeddu JA, Boyle KE, Fabrizio MD, Schulam PG, Kavoussi LR. Laparoscopic management of urachal cysts in adulthood. J Urol 2000; 164:1526-8. [PMID: 11025696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Managing persistent and symptomatic urachal anomalies requires wide surgical excision. Such intervention is recommended to prevent symptom recurrence and complications, most notably malignant degeneration. However, traditional open excision is associated with significant morbidity and prolonged convalescence. We report our experience with the laparoscopic excision of urachal remnants as a less morbid, minimally invasive surgical alternative. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between October 1993 and December 1999, 4 patients with a mean age of 43.3 years who had a symptomatic urachal cyst underwent laparoscopic radical excision of the urachal remnant. Using 2, 10 mm. and 1 or 2, 5 mm. ports the urachus and medial umbilical ligaments were divided at the umbilicus cephalad to the cyst. The specimen, which included the urachus, cyst and medial umbilical ligaments, was then separated from the bladder dome with or without the bladder cuff and removed intact. We reviewed the perioperative records to assess morbidity, recovery and outcome. RESULTS All 4 procedures were completed successfully. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported at a mean followup of 15 months (range 2 to 24). Mean operative time was 180 minutes (range 150 to 210) and average hospital stay was 2.75 days (range 1 to 4). Pathological evaluation confirmed a benign urachal remnant in each case. All patients resumed normal activity within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS To minimize the morbidity of radical excision the laparoscopic management of benign urachal remnants in adulthood is efficacious and our preferred method of management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cadeddu
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75235-9110, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Questions about the circumstances of injuries, especially to infants and young children, might be perceived by parents as threatening or intrusive. Some institutional research review committees express concerns that interviews about childhood injuries may be offensive to parents. The perceived value and potential risk of questions about a young child's injury could affect the quality of responses. OBJECTIVES To assess parents' perceptions of threat and value of interviews about injury to their young children. SETTING District of Columbia, 1 October 1995 to 30 September 1996. METHODS Trained research assistants telephoned the parents of children seen in an emergency department or admitted to the hospital after an injury. To be eligible for inclusion the child must have been <3 years of age and a resident of the District of Columbia at the time of the event. After collection of sociodemographic information and circumstances of injury, the respondents were asked if the interview caused them to feel angry, offended or threatened, and if participation in the study was considered worthwhile. RESULTS Seventy eight per cent of eligible families were contacted. Among those contacted, 93% completed the interview. Eighty two per cent of respondents were mothers and 11% fathers. Ninety per cent (95% confidence interval (CI) 88.4 to 91.6) of the respondents reported that the interview did not make them feel angry, offended, or threatened. Only 13 (1%; 95% CI 0.5 to 1.5) reported being very angry and 7.1% (95% CI 5.8 to 8.5) reported being a little angry. The majority of participants (61.2%, 95% CI 58.6 to 63.8) felt that participation in the study was definitely worthwhile and only 5.5% (95% CI 4.3 to 6.7) felt that it was not at all worthwhile. Parents of children with intentional injuries were more likely to report feelings of anger than parents of children with unintentional injuries (24% v 8%; p=0.02). The per cent of respondents reporting any anger was greater when the interview was conducted within 14 days of the hospital visit compared with later interviews (11% v 7%; p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS In similar populations most parents of young, injured children are neither upset nor threatened by interviews that probe for details about how their children become injured. In general, collecting data aimed to prevent injuries is perceived as worthwhile, and parents readily cooperate with providing this information. Investigators and review committees should consider that interviews about infant and young child injuries are of no or minimal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Scheidt
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center and George Washington University School of Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Boyle KE, Phillips MC, Lund-Katz S. Kinetics and mechanism of exchange of apolipoprotein C-III molecules from very low density lipoprotein particles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1430:302-12. [PMID: 10082958 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transfer of apolipoprotein (apo) molecules between lipoprotein particles is an important factor in modulating the metabolism of the particles. Although the phenomenon is well established, the kinetics and molecular mechanism of passive apo exchange/transfer have not been defined in detail. In this study, the kinetic parameters governing the movement of radiolabeled apoC molecules from human very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) to high density lipoprotein (HDL3) particles were measured using a manganese phosphate precipitation assay to rapidly separate the two types of lipoprotein particles. In the case of VLDL labeled with human [14C]apoCIII1, a large fraction of the apoCIII1 transfers to HDL3 within 1 minute of mixing the two lipoproteins at either 4 degrees or 37 degrees C. As the diameter of the VLDL donor particles is decreased from 42-59 to 23-25 nm, the size of this rapidly transferring apoCIII1 pool increases from about 50% to 85%. There is also a pool of apoCIII1 existing on the donor VLDL particles that transfers more slowly. This slow transfer follows a monoexponential rate equation; for 35-40 nm donor VLDL particles the pool size is approximately 20% and the t1/2 is approximately 3 h. The flux of apoCIII molecules between VLDL and HDL3 is bidirectional and all of the apoCIII seems to be available for exchange so that equilibrium is attained. It is likely that the two kinetic pools of apoCIII are related to conformational variations of individual apo molecules on the surface of VLDL particles. The rate of slow transfer of apoCIII1 from donor VLDL (35-40 nm) to acceptor HDL3 is unaffected by an increase in the acceptor to donor ratio, indicating that the transfer is not dependent on collisions between donor and acceptor particles. Consistent with this, apoCIII1 molecules can transfer from donor VLDL to acceptor HDL3 particles across a 50 kDa molecular mass cutoff semipermeable membrane separating the lipoprotein particles. These results indicate that apoC molecules transfer between VLDL and HDL3 particles by an aqueous diffusion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Boyle
- Department of Biochemistry, MCP Hahnemann University, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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Calvano CJ, Moran ME, Tackett LD, Reddy PP, Boyle KE, Pankratov MM. New visualization techniques for in utero surgery: amnioscopy with a three-dimensional head-mounted display and a computer-controlled endoscope. J Endourol 1998; 12:407-10. [PMID: 9847060 DOI: 10.1089/end.1998.12.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic fetal surgery may reduce preterm labor associated with open hysterotomy but is partially limited by current visualization technology. We investigated a three-dimensional (3D) imaging system coupled to a head-mounted display (3D-HMD) and also employed a computer-controlled zoom endoscope for noninsufflated amnioscopy. Pregnant sheep were prepared in aseptic fashion for general anesthesia. Uterine access was obtained following maternal laparoscopy. A 10-mm zoom endoscope (Vista Medical Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) was used to examine the fetus and uterine contents. Fetal limbs were exteriorized for microsurgery. A new system (Vista Medical Technologies) was attached to an operative microscope, permitting projection of a 3D image via an HMD. The fetus and umbilical cord were inspected using the zoom endoscope, which changes the depth of focus under computer control. Basic manipulations of the fetus and cord were easily completed. Real-time 3D fetal imaging was accomplished. The added depth perception enabled detailed fetal and placental examination, fostering manipulation of the fetus and cord. The HMD was adjusted to fit several surgeons, permitting a natural operative posture. This unit has the capacity to display any video, CT, MR, or ultrasound image as a picture-in-picture. The success of minimally invasive fetal surgery is in part dependent on the development of video technologies capable of providing both magnification and optimal resolution. The zoom endoscope affords excellent visibility of multiple surgical targets without instrument repositioning. A 3D HMD system such as this provides greater anatomic detail and an appreciation of fetal movements that may make intrauterine procedures more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Calvano
- Division of Urology, Albany Medical College, NY, USA
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Boyle KE, Moran ME, Calvano CJ, White MD, Reddy PP, Mehlhaff BA. Endoscopic subcutaneous neurovascular lower-extremity myofascial flap harvesting for genitourinary reconstruction. J Endourol 1998; 12:187-91. [PMID: 9607448 DOI: 10.1089/end.1998.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular myofascial flaps have been widely utilized when healthy tissues outside the anatomic confines of the pelvis are necessary for complex genitourinary reconstructions. Myofascial flaps have great potential in providing support and tone to the bladder neck in a model of total urinary incontinence. Two muscles were evaluated for minimally invasive harvesting utilizing an adult rabbit and human cadaveric model: the gracilis, because of its neurovascular supply and length, and the sartorius, because of its location. Three adult New Zealand White rabbits were prepared and draped in sterile fashion after general anesthesia. Bilateral 2-cm incisions were made over the origins of the gracilis and sartorius muscles. Dissection times were entered in a database on a personal computer for paired Student t-tests. Special techniques for dissection included utilization of a 5-mm subcutaneous dissector/retractor and reticulated scissors and dissector. Once the tissues were harvested, rotational angles of the functional arcs around the origins of the gracilis and sartorius flaps were measured, as were the lengths of the muscular flaps from the proximal pedicle to the free distal end. Initial positioning of the myofascial flap at the bladder neck was investigated in this nonsurvival study. Blood loss was estimated before the animals were humanely sacrificed. The possibilities of minimally invasive genitourinary reconstruction are numerous. Both flaps can be dissected endoscopically and have rotational angles allowing transfer to more cephalad positions in the groin or intra-abdominally. Further studies are needed to establish the efficacy of the myofascial graft for minimally invasive genitourinary reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Boyle
- Division of Urology, St. Peter's Kidney Stone Center, Albany Medical College, New York, USA
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Calvano CJ, Reddy PP, Moran ME, Boyle KE, Housley HT, Jennings RW, Harrison MR, Mandell J. Initial studies of holmium:YAG laser creation of spinal defects in fetal rabbits: model for urologic effects of myelomeningocele. J Endourol 1998; 12:199-203. [PMID: 9607450 DOI: 10.1089/end.1998.12.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is characterized by paraplegia and incontinence, often necessitating surgery. Current models of MMC in sheep and primates create a spinal defect long after anomalous neural tube closure ordinarily occurs. An ideal model of MMC would allow creation of the defect at the earliest age in a low-cost species with a short gestation. We present a method utilizing the holmium laser to create spinal defects in rabbits in utero for the study of the pathophysiology and repair of MMC. Pregnant rabbits of 22 to 23 days' gestational age were prepared and draped in sterile fashion for laparotomy under general anesthesia. The abdomen was opened, and both uterine horns were inspected. Double opposing pursestring sutures were placed to secure the chorioamniotic membranes over the fetal lumbar spine. Amniotic fluid was removed with a needle and saved. Electrocautery was used to open the uterus within the pursestring suture, exposing the fetal dorsum. The spine was exposed by laser dissection of the fetal dorsal musculature. Posterior laminectomy was accomplished with laser incisions of each side of the spinous process, leaving the underlying dura and cord exposed. The pursestring was then cinched, amniotic fluid was returned, and the uterus and trocar sites were closed. Cesarian section was performed at 30 to 31 gestational days, and the pups were examined and then humanely sacrificed for histologic evaluation of the lesion. The rabbit is an inexpensive species with a short gestation (33-35 days), and four or more fetuses may be operated on per litter, with the remainder serving as controls. Utilization of minimally invasive techniques including holmium:YAG laser dissection facilitates creation of spinal defects at an early age in this small-animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Calvano
- Division of Urology, Albany Medical College, New York, USA
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Davis CB, Boyle KE, Urbanski JJ, Paradysz RT, Fong KL. Disposition of metabolically labeled recombinant soluble CD4 (sT4) in male Sprague-Dawley rats following intravenous and subcutaneous administration. Drug Metab Dispos 1992; 20:695-705. [PMID: 1358574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble CD4 (sT4) has been metabolically labeled with [3H]leucine in Chinese hamster ovary cells and purified by S Sepharose chromatography. Over 250 microCi of high specific radioactivity [3H]sT4 (42 Ci/mmol) was prepared. The radiolabeled molecule was chemically and biologically representative of the unlabeled molecule and thus appropriate for in vivo metabolic investigations. To explore the biotransformation and disposition of a recombinant protein, this uniformly labeled [3H]sT4 was administered intravenously and subcutaneously to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Following a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg, blood samples were collected for 9 days and analyzed for total radioactivity, total plasma radioactivity, trichloroacetic acid-precipitable plasma radioactivity, sT4-related plasma radioactivity (by extraction with a Sepharose-bound polyclonal anti-sT4 antibody), and plasma sT4 concentration (by an N and C terminal-specific Leu3A/OKT4 ELISA). Excreta were analyzed for total radioactivity. The pharmacokinetic profiles of intact sT4 were as expected from the results of previous studies. sT4 was cleared rapidly from plasma with an elimination t1/2 of 7 min (intravenous), and low sT4 levels were observed following subcutaneous administration. Comparison of the kinetic profiles of total radiolabel, trichloroacetic acid-precipitable radiolabel, sT4-related radiolabel, and the isolation of plasma proteins containing tritium have led to the following conclusions. One of the major metabolic pathways for [3H]sT4 was the degradation of the polypeptide to its constituent amino acids, which were subsequently incorporated into endogenous proteins. Incorporation of tritium into blood cell proteins resulted in a prolonged radiolabel blood profile (t1/2 greater than 250 hr). Following subcutaneous administration, [3H] sT4 was significantly degraded before reaching the vascular circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Davis
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406
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Abstract
A study of the prevalence of skin cancer among 40,421 persons consuming arsenic-contaminated drinking water in Taiwan was used for a cancer dose-response assessment of ingested arsenic. The numbers of persons at risk over three dose intervals and four exposure durations were estimated from the data in order to apply the method of maximum likelihood to a multistage-Weibull time/dose-response model. A constant exposure level since birth for each of the exposure categories was assumed. It was found that the cumulative hazard increases as a power of three in age, and is linear or quadratic (with a linear coefficient) in dose. Observations from a smaller epidemiologic survey in Mexico were similar to what would be predicted from the model of the Taiwan data. Assuming that the skin cancer risk from ingested arsenic in the American population would also be similar to the Taiwan population, an American male would have a lifetime risk of developing skin cancer of 1.3 x 10(-3) (3.0 x 10(-3] if exposed to 1 microgram/kg/day for a 76-year lifespan (median lifespan in the U.S.).
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Brown
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine if women with papillomavirus infection were more likely to develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) than women with other sexually transmitted infections. Women with cytologic evidence of papillomavirus infection and a comparison group of women with cytologic evidence of Trichomonas infection were identified from a reexamination of cervicovaginal smears initially evaluated between 1973 and 1981 in a private pathology laboratory. To identify subsequent CIN among these women the authors reviewed records of private obstetric and gynecology practices and public clinics through 1983. After accounting for possible confounding variables, including age, marital status, frequency of cervical cytologic examination, and selected characteristics of pregnancy history, a 2.7-fold increase in the rate of CIN was found among the 613 women with prior papillomavirus infection compared to the 410 women with previous Trichomomas infection. The rate ratio was higher among women with more severe cervical neoplasia than for those with less severe neoplasia and for those followed for greater than 12 months than for those followed 7 to 12 months. The results of this study provide further evidence of the role of papillomavirus in the etiology of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Boyle
- Department of Epidemiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Fong KL, Crysler CS, Mico BA, Boyle KE, Kopia GA, Kopaciewicz L, Lynn RK. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in anesthetized dogs following intravenous infusion. Drug Metab Dispos 1988; 16:201-6. [PMID: 2898333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of SK&F recombinant two-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) following intravenous (iv) infusion were characterized in anesthetized, open chested mongrel dogs in which artificial intracoronary thrombi were formed. SK&F tPA was infused at rates of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 micrograms/kg/min (N = 3 to 5 per dose) for 90 min, and arterial blood samples were withdrawn during and after infusion for determination of functionally active tPA concentrations using a modified and validated S-2251 chromogenic assay. At all doses studied, steady state active tPA plasma concentrations were achieved 10-20 min after the onset of infusion. Upon cessation of infusion, active tPA plasma concentrations declined rapidly with a t1/2 of 2-3 min. The active tPA plasma concentration at steady state (Css) and the area under the tPA plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) increased linearly with the dose in the range of 0.5-4 micrograms/kg/min. However, as the dose was increased 2-fold from 4 to 8 micrograms/kg/min, the AUC and the Css increased 2.5-fold. The systemic clearance ranged from 15-16 ml/min/kg at doses of 0.5-4 micrograms/kg/min, but decreased to 11.7 ml/min/kg at the 8 micrograms/kg/min dose. With exceptions in three dogs, the volume of distribution at steady state approached or slightly exceeded the blood volume. Plasma tPA antigen concentrations were also determined in the dogs receiving the 2 micrograms/kg/min dose. At steady state, active tPA accounted for 40-60% of the total tPA antigen. The postinfusion t1/2 of the tPA antigen was considerably longer (13.46 +/- 5.94 min) than that of active tPA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Fong
- Dept. of Drug Metabolism, Smith Kline and French Laboratories, Swedeland, PA 19479
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Rubenstein C, Romhilt D, Segal P, Heiss G, Chambless LE, Boyle KE, Ekelund LG, Adolph R, Sheffield LT. Dyslipoproteinemias and manifestations of coronary heart disease. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation 1986; 73:I91-9. [PMID: 3940687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study population underwent a noninvasive evaluation to assess the odds of coronary heart disease (CHD) among individuals with various types of dyslipoproteinemia (DLP) relative to the odds for individuals free of DLP in a nonselected population. The noninvasive evaluation included the Rose questionnaire for angina, a resting electrocardiogram, and a graded treadmill exercise test. The presence of manifestations of CHD was assessed by a combination of these findings. Multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between CHD and DLP, with adjustments for the following covariates: age, body mass, systolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, and cigarette use. There were no consistent associations in women or in men 30 to 49 years old. In men 50 to 69 years old, the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) values and HDL-C/cholesterol ratio were significantly lower in the definite CHD and angina categories, compared with the negative (no evidence of CHD) group. Higher odds ratios for CHD were present in those classified as having type IIa, type IV, and hypoHDL DLPs, relative to those classified as normal by the phenotyping algorithm. These associations were consistent across the several categories of CHD manifestations, but did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for multiple testing. A statistically significant lower odds ratio for CHD was observed in men 50 to 69 classified as having hyperHDL when compared with those without DLPs. The associations between CHD and the various forms of DLP were consistent with those observed between CHD and the plasma lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study confirmed the relationship between elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased HDL-C, and noninvasively determined CHD in a free-living asymptomatic population of older men.
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Williams OD, Stinnett S, Chambless LE, Boyle KE, Bachorik PS, Albers JJ, Lippel K. Populations and methods for assessing dyslipoproteinemia and its correlates. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation 1986; 73:I4-11. [PMID: 3940682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the basic methods and populations of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Program Prevalence Study. The purpose is to provide a frame of reference for the other articles in this monograph; hence, the populations and major data collected are described briefly, as are procedures for enhancement of data quality and approaches to statistical analysis. More detailed descriptions for some procedures are included in the pertinent articles. The two sequential screening examinations of the Prevalence Study provided 60,502 participants from centers in the United States and Canada for the first phase and 13,852 for the second. The monograph is based on data from 11,657 white and 644 black participants aged 6 years or older screened at both visits.
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