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Vinding RK, Sevelsted A, Horner D, Vahman N, Lauritzen L, Hagen CP, Chawes B, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K. Fish oil supplementation during pregnancy, anthropometrics, and metabolic health at age ten: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:960-968. [PMID: 38569788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that children of mothers who received fish oil supplementation during pregnancy had higher body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)] at 6 y of age as well as a concomitant increase in fat-, muscle, and bone mass, but no difference in fat percentage. OBJECTIVES Here, we report follow-up at age 10 y including assessment of metabolic health. METHODS This is a follow-up analysis of a randomized clinical trial conducted among 736 pregnant females and their offspring participating in the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood mother-child cohort. The intervention was 2.4 g n-3 (ω-3) Long-Chain PolyUnsaturated Fatty Acid (n-3 LCPUFA) or control daily from pregnancy week 24 until 1 wk after birth. Outcomes were anthropometric measurements, body composition from Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, blood pressure, concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and C-peptide from fasting blood samples, and a metabolic syndrome score was calculated. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were prespecified secondary endpoints of the n-3 LCPUFA trial, and others were exploratory. RESULTS Children in the n-3 LCPUFA group had a higher mean BMI at age 10 year compared to the control group: 17.4 (SD: 2.44) compared with 16.9 (2.28); P = 0.020 and a higher odds ratio of having overweight (odds ratio: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.33; P = 0.047). This corresponded to differences in body composition in terms of increased lean mass (0.49 kg; 95% CI: -0.20, 1.14; P = 0.17), fat mass (0.49 kg; 95% CI: -0.03, 1.01; P = 0.06), and fat percent (0.74%; 95% CI: -0.01, 1.49; P = 0.053) compared to the control group. Children in the n-3 LCPUFA group had a higher metabolic syndrome score compared to the control (mean difference: 0.19; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.39; P = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS In this randomized clinical trial, children of mothers receiving n-3 LCPUFA supplementation had increased BMI at age 10 y, increased risk of being overweight, and a tendency of increased fat percentage and higher metabolic syndrome score. These findings suggest potential adverse health effects from n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy and need to be replicated in future independent studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00798226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Vinding
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Sevelsted
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Horner
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nilofar Vahman
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper P Hagen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gehr NL, Karlsson P, Timm S, Christensen S, Hvid CA, Peric J, Hansen TF, Lauritzen L, Finnerup NB, Ventzel L. Study protocol: fish oil supplement in prevention of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in adjuvant colorectal cancer patients - a randomized controlled trial. (OxaNeuro). BMC Cancer 2024; 24:168. [PMID: 38308227 PMCID: PMC10837958 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) in general and painful OIPN in particular is a debilitating late effect that severely affects cancer survivors' quality of life and causes premature cessation of potentially lifesaving treatment. No preventive treatments and no effective treatment for chronic OIPN exist despite many attempts. One of several suggested mechanisms includes neuroinflammation as a contributing factor to OIPN. Fish oil containing long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) are precursors to specialized proresolving mediators that mediate the resolution of inflammation. Our primary hypothesis is that a high supplementation of n-3 LCPUFAs will lower the prevalence and severity of OIPN. METHODS The OxaNeuro project is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. We will include 120 patients eligible to receive adjuvant oxaliplatin after colorectal cancer surgery. Patients will receive fish oil capsules containing n-3 LCPUFAs or corn oil daily for 8 months. The primary endpoint is the prevalence of OIPN at 8 months defined as relevant symptoms, including one of the following: abnormal nerve conduction screening, abnormal vibration threshold test, abnormal skin biopsy, or abnormal pinprick test. Additional endpoints include the intensity and severity of OIPN-related neuropathic pain, patient-reported OIPN symptoms, quality of life, mental health symptoms, body composition, and cognitive evaluation. Furthermore, we will evaluate inflammatory biomarkers in blood samples and skin biopsies, including the potential OIPN biomarker neurofilament light protein (NfL) which will be measured before each cycle of chemotherapy. DISCUSSION If readily available fish oil supplementation alleviates OIPN prevalence and severity, it will significantly improve the lives of both cancer survivors and palliative cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin; it will improve their quality of life, optimize chemotherapeutic treatment plans by lowering the need for dose reduction or premature cessation, and potentially increase survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT05404230 Protocol version: 1.2, April 25th. 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lykkegaard Gehr
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Páll Karlsson
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Signe Christensen
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Jana Peric
- Department of Oncology, Soenderborg Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Soenderborg, Denmark
| | - Torben Frøstrup Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Brix Finnerup
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Lise Ventzel
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
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Madsen MTB, Landberg R, Nielsen DS, Zhang Y, Anneberg OMR, Lauritzen L, Damsgaard CT. Effects of Wholegrain Compared to Refined Grain Intake on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:18-28. [PMID: 37898434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wholegrain intake is associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases in adults, potentially via changes in the gut microbiota. Although cardiometabolic prevention should start early, we lack evidence on the effects in children. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of wholegrain oats and rye intake on serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and plasma insulin (coprimary outcomes), other cardiometabolic markers, body composition, gut microbiota composition and metabolites, and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with high body mass index (BMI). METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 55 healthy Danish 8- to 13-y-olds received wholegrain oats and rye ("WG") or refined grain ("RG") products ad libitum for 8 wk in random order. At 0, 8, and 16 wk, we measured anthropometry, body composition by dual-energy absorptiometry, and blood pressure. Fasting blood and fecal samples were collected for analysis of blood lipids, glucose homeostasis markers, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids. Gut symptoms and stool characteristics were determined by questionnaires. Diet was assessed by 4-d dietary records and compliance by plasma alkylresorcinols (ARs). RESULTS Fifty-two children (95%) with a BMI z-score of 1.5 ± 0.6 (mean ± standard deviation) completed the study. They consumed 108 ± 38 and 3 ± 2 g/d wholegrain in the WG and RG period, which was verified by a profound difference in ARs (P < 0.001). Compared with RG, WG reduced LDL cholesterol by 0.14 (95% confidence interval: -0.24, -0.04) mmol/L (P = 0.009) and reduced total:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001) and triacylglycerol (P = 0.048) without altering body composition or other cardiometabolic markers. WG also modulated the abundance of specific bacterial taxa, increased plasma acetate, propionate, and butyrate and fecal butyrate and reduced fatigue with no other effects on gut symptoms. CONCLUSION High intake of wholegrain oats and rye reduced LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol, modulated bacterial taxa, and increased beneficial metabolites in children. This supports recommendations of exchanging refined grain with wholegrain oats and rye among children. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04430465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Terese Barlebo Madsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yichang Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Camilla Trab Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Lauritzen L, Hegelund ER, Eriksen SE, Niclasen J, Michaelsen KF. Effect of maternal fish oil supplementation during lactation on socioemotional wellbeing and physical activity in 13-year-old children: A randomized clinical trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 197:102588. [PMID: 37689008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Early dietary long-chain n-3PUFA (n-3LCPUFA) may affect brain development. We investigated if fish oil supplementation of lactating mothers affected socioemotional wellbeing in adolescents in a potentially gender-specific manner. At age 13, we invited 92 children of mothers who completed a randomized trial with 1.5 g/d n-3 LCPUFA or olive oil during the first 4 months of lactation and 48 children of mothers with a high habitual fish intake. Children and parents answered validated questionnaires regarding socioemotional wellbeing and physical activity was monitored by ActiGraph for 7 days. Participation rate was 71%. Univariate correlations between children's and parents' ratings on the individual scales were moderate-strong, but correlations across questionnaires indicated that parents might base their ratings on proxy markers. We found no group differences in self-rated socioemotional outcomes or physical activity. Although the study was small, it was the first follow-up on effects of perinatal n-3LCPUFA supply on socioemotional wellbeing in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Lauritzen
- Department Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Sara E Eriksen
- Department Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sigh S, Lauritzen L, Wieringa FT, Laillou A, Chamnan C, Stark KD, Roos N. Changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids during treatment of malnourished children may be insufficient to reach required essential fatty acid levels - A randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1778-1787. [PMID: 37572581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a global concern. Studies on the impact of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are almost non-existent. The aim was to investigate the change in whole-blood PUFA and nutrition and health markers among Cambodian children with SAM after treatment with RUTFs. METHODS The trial was an 8-week randomised clinical trial of the effectiveness of locally produced fish-based RUTF (L-RUTF) vs standard milk-based RUFT (S-RUTF). Whole-blood fatty acids were analysed using dried blood spots. Nutrition and health markers were assessed using anthropometric assessment and blood samples for markers of inflammation. The trial was conducted at the National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with one hundred and twenty-one 6-59-month-old children in treatment for SAM. RESULTS L-RUTF had a higher content of n-3 PUFA and a higher content of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while S-RUTF had the highest content of n-6 PUFA. At baseline, the children presented with a Mead acid level in whole-blood of around 0.08% of total fatty acids (FA%) and an omega-3 index of ∼0.91 ± 0.44. After eight weeks of S-RUTF treatment, linoleic acid (LA), AA, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, and Mead acid levels were increased. The L-RUTF intervention did not change the whole-blood PUFAs from baseline. At discharge, the children in the L-RUTF group had a lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio than the children in the S-RUTF group, driven by a lower alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (0.20 vs 0.27 FA%, p = 0.004) and lower LA (15.77 vs 14.21 FA%, p = 0.018) with no significant differences in AA or DHA levels. Weight-for-height z-score at discharge was negatively associated with total PUFA (β -1.4 FA%, 95%CI. -2.7; -0.1), n-6 LCPUFA (β -1.3 FA%, 95%CI. -1.3; -0.3), and AA (β -0.6 FA%, 95%CI. -1.0; -0.2). Age-adjusted height was negatively associated with the Mead acid:AA ratio (β -1.2 FA%, 95%CI. -2.2; -0.2). No significant change was seen in inflammation markers within groups or between groups during treatment, and n-3 and n-6 PUFAs were not associated with markers of inflammation or haemoglobin status at discharge. CONCLUSION The trial found that whole-blood markers of PUFA status were low in children at admission and discharge from SAM treatment, indicating that the currently recommended composition of RUTFs are not able to correct their compromised essential fatty acid status. The higher content of DHA and AA in L-RUTF did not give rise to any improvement in PUFA status. No changes in health markers or associations between PUFA and health markers were found. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02907424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Sigh
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Fisheries Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality Control, Fisheries Administration, #186 Preah Norodom Boulevard, 12101 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Frank T Wieringa
- UMR QualiSud, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France; Qualisud, University of Montpellier, Avignon University, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Arnaud Laillou
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF West and Central Africa Region, Dakar 29720, Senegal.
| | - Chhoun Chamnan
- Department of Fisheries Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality Control, Fisheries Administration, #186 Preah Norodom Boulevard, 12101 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Ken D Stark
- University of Waterloo, Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Nanna Roos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Procházková N, Venlet N, Hansen ML, Lieberoth CB, Dragsted LO, Bahl MI, Licht TR, Kleerebezem M, Lauritzen L, Roager HM. Effects of a wholegrain-rich diet on markers of colonic fermentation and bowel function and their associations with the gut microbiome: a randomised controlled cross-over trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1187165. [PMID: 37324737 PMCID: PMC10267323 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1187165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diets rich in whole grains are associated with health benefits. Yet, it remains unclear whether the benefits are mediated by changes in gut function and fermentation. Objective We explored the effects of whole-grain vs. refined-grain diets on markers of colonic fermentation and bowel function, as well as their associations with the gut microbiome. Methods Fifty overweight individuals with increased metabolic risk and a high habitual intake of whole grains (~69 g/day) completed a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising a whole-grain diet (≥75 g/day) and a refined-grain diet (<10 g/day), separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. A range of markers of colonic fermentation and bowel function were assessed before and after each intervention. Results The whole-grain diet increased the levels of faecal butyrate (p = 0.015) and caproate (p = 0.013) compared to the refined-grain diet. No changes in other faecal SCFA, BCFA or urinary levels of microbial-derived proteolytic markers between the two interventions were observed. Similarly, faecal pH remained unchanged. Faecal pH did however increase (p = 0.030) after the refined-grain diet compared to the baseline. Stool frequency was lower at the end of the refined-grain period compared to the end of the whole-grain diet (p = 0.001). No difference in faecal water content was observed between the intervention periods, however, faecal water content increased following the whole-grain period compared to the baseline (p = 0.007). Dry stool energy density was unaffected by the dietary interventions. Nevertheless, it explained 4.7% of the gut microbiome variation at the end of the refined-grain diet, while faecal pH and colonic transit time explained 4.3 and 5%, respectively. Several butyrate-producers (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Butyriciococcus) were inversely associated with colonic transit time and/or faecal pH, while the mucin-degraders Akkermansia and Ruminococcaceae showed the opposite association. Conclusion Compared with the refined-grain diet, the whole-grain diet increased faecal butyrate and caproate concentrations as well as stool frequency, emphasising that differences between whole and refined grains affect both colonic fermentation and bowel habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Procházková
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Naomi Venlet
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mathias L. Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Lieberoth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin I. Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik M. Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Lewis JI, Lind MV, Møller G, Hansen T, Pedersen H, Christensen MMB, Laursen JC, Nielsen S, Ottendahl CB, Larsen CVL, Stark KD, Bjerregaard P, Jørgensen ME, Lauritzen L. The effect of traditional diet on glucose homoeostasis in carriers and non-carriers of a common TBC1D4 variant in Greenlandic Inuit: a randomised crossover study. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1-14. [PMID: 37129117 PMCID: PMC10632723 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300106x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of traditional foods is decreasing amid a lifestyle transition in Greenland as incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases. In homozygous carriers of a TBC1D4 variant, conferring postprandial insulin resistance, the risk of T2D is markedly higher. We investigated the effects of traditional marine diets on glucose homoeostasis and cardio-metabolic health in Greenlandic Inuit carriers and non-carriers of the variant in a randomised crossover study consisting of two 4-week dietary interventions: Traditional (marine-based, low-carbohydrate) and Western (high in imported meats and carbohydrates). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 2-h), 14-d continuous glucose and cardio-metabolic markers were assessed to investigate the effect of diet and genotype. Compared with the Western diet, the Traditional diet reduced mean and maximum daily blood glucose by 0·17 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·05, 0·29; P = 0·006) and 0·26 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·06, 0·46; P = 0·010), respectively, with dose-dependency. Furthermore, it gave rise to a weight loss of 0·5 kg (95 % CI; 0·09, 0·90; P = 0·016) relative to the Western diet and 4 % (95 % CI 1, 9; P = 0·018) lower LDL:HDL-cholesterol, which after adjustment for weight loss appeared to be driven by HDL elevation (0·09 mmol/l (0·03, 0·15), P = 0·006). A diet-gene interaction was indicated on insulin sensitivity in the OGTT (p = 0·093), which reflected a non-significant increase of 1·4 (-0·6, 3·5) mmol/l in carrier 2-h glucose. A Traditional diet marginally improved daily glycaemic control and plasma lipid profile compared with a Westernised diet in Greenlandic Inuit. Possible adverse effects on glucose tolerance in carriers of the TBC1D4 variant warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ivor Lewis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grith Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Sara Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ken D. Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- SDU, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit E. Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Ilisimatusarfik, The University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Boekhorst J, Venlet N, Procházková N, Hansen ML, Lieberoth CB, Bahl MI, Lauritzen L, Pedersen O, Licht TR, Kleerebezem M, Roager HM. Stool energy density is positively correlated to intestinal transit time and related to microbial enterotypes. Microbiome 2022; 10:223. [PMID: 36510309 PMCID: PMC9743556 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesised that the gut microbiota causally affects obesity via its capacity to extract energy from the diet. Yet, evidence elucidating the role of particular human microbial community structures and determinants of microbiota-dependent energy harvest is lacking. RESULTS Here, we investigated whether energy extraction from the diet in 85 overweight adults, estimated by dry stool energy density, was associated with intestinal transit time and variations in microbial community diversity and overall structure stratified as enterotypes. We hypothesised that a slower intestinal transit would allow for more energy extraction. However, opposite of what we expected, the stool energy density was positively associated with intestinal transit time. Stratifications into enterotypes showed that individuals with a Bacteroides enterotype (B-type) had significantly lower stool energy density, shorter intestinal transit times, and lower alpha-diversity compared to individuals with a Ruminococcaceae enterotype (R-type). The Prevotella (P-type) individuals appeared in between the B- and R-type. The differences in stool energy density between enterotypes were not explained by differences in habitual diet, intake of dietary fibre or faecal bacterial cell counts. However, the R-type individuals showed higher urinary and faecal levels of microbial-derived proteolytic metabolites compared to the B-type, suggesting increased colonic proteolysis in the R-type individuals. This could imply a less effective colonic energy extraction in the R-type individuals compared to the B-type individuals. Notably, the R-type had significantly lower body weight compared to the B-type. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that gut microbial energy harvest is diversified among individuals by intestinal transit time and associated gut microbiome ecosystem variations. A better understanding of these associations could support the development of personalised nutrition and improved weight-loss strategies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Boekhorst
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Venlet
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Procházková
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mathias L. Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Lieberoth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin I. Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik M. Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Christensen L, Hjorth MF, Krych L, Licht TR, Lauritzen L, Magkos F, Roager HM. Prevotella abundance and salivary amylase gene copy number predict fat loss in response to wholegrain diets. Front Nutr 2022; 9:947349. [PMID: 36071931 PMCID: PMC9441811 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.947349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary amylase (AMY1) gene copy number (CN) and Prevotella abundance in the gut are involved in carbohydrate digestion in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, respectively; and have been suggested as prognostic biomarkers for weight loss among overweight individuals consuming diets rich in fiber and wholegrains. Objective We hypothesized that Prevotella abundance would be linked to greater loss of body fat after wholegrain consumption among individuals with low AMY1 CN, but not in those with high AMY1 CN. Methods We reanalyzed data from two independent randomized ad libitum wholegrain interventions (fiber intake ∼33 g/d for 6–8 weeks), to investigate the relationship between baseline Prevotella abundance and body fat loss among healthy, overweight participants stratified into two groups by median AMY1 CN. Individuals with no detected Prevotella spp. were excluded from the main analysis. Results In both studies, individuals with low AMY1 CN exhibited a positive correlation between baseline Prevotella abundance and fat loss after consuming the wholegrain diet (r > 0.5, P < 0.05), but no correlation among participants with high AMY1 CN (P ≥ 0.6). Following consumption of the refined wheat control diets, there were no associations between baseline Prevotella abundance and changes in body fat in any of the AMY1 groups. Conclusion These results suggest that Prevotella abundance together with AMY1 CN can help predict fat loss in response to ad libitum wholegrain diets, highlighting the potential of these biomarkers in personalized obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Lars Christensen,
| | | | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik M. Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Ren X, Larsen SC, Lauritzen L, Olsen NJ, Rohde JF, Specht IO, Heitmann BL. Association between intake of marine fat and adiposity development among 2-6 year old children: Substitution analyses from the Healthy Start intervention study. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Madsen MTB, Biltoft-Jensen AP, Trolle E, Lauritzen L, Michaelsen KF, Damsgaard CT. Wholegrain intake, growth and metabolic markers in Danish infants and toddlers: a longitudinal study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3545-3557. [PMID: 35622136 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wholegrain intake is linked to lower risk of lifestyle diseases, but little is known about its role in growth and metabolic health during the first years of life. We characterized wholegrain and dietary fibre intake in 439 Danish children at 9 and 36 months of age and explored associations with height z-scores (HAZ), body mass index z-scores (BMIZ) and metabolic markers. METHODS We used pooled data from two infant cohorts and estimated intakes of total wholegrain, dietary fibre and wholegrain subtypes from 7-day dietary records. Associations with HAZ, BMIZ and non-fasting plasma low-density (LDLC) and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, insulin and glucose were analysed in mixed models, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Median (25th, 75th percentile) wholegrain intake was 7.5 (4.9, 10.5) and 6.5 (4.6, 9.0) g/MJ at 9 and 36 months. Neither wholegrain nor dietary fibre intake were associated with HAZ (P ≥ 0.09). At 36 months, wholegrain intake was inversely associated with LDLC (P = 0.05) and directly with glucose (P < 0.001). In secondary analyses, wholegrain rye was inversely associated with glucose at 9 months and insulin at 36 months (both P ≤ 0.03). Oat and wheat wholegrain were directly associated with glucose (both P ≤ 0.01) and wheat with BMIZ (P = 0.02) at 36 months. CONCLUSION Danish infants and toddlers have high intakes of wholegrain and dietary fibre, with no indication of compromised growth. In line with studies in adults, wholegrain intake was inversely associated with LDLC. The observed direct association between wholegrain intake and plasma glucose and associations with wholegrain subtypes should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T B Madsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Anja P Biltoft-Jensen
- Research Group for Nutrition, Sustainability and Health Promotion, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ellen Trolle
- Research Group for Nutrition, Sustainability and Health Promotion, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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12
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Lundbergh B, Enevoldsen AS, Stark KD, Ritz C, Lauritzen L. Fish oil supplementation may improve attention, working memory and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a randomised crossover trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-11. [PMID: 35144699 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Marine n-3 fatty acids (n-3LCPUFA) have shown neurocognitive benefits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few trials have examined effects in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We explored, if n-3LCPUFA affect cognitive functions in adults with ASD, and if effects are modified by comorbid ADHD. In a 2 × 4 week crossover study, twenty-six participants were randomised to sequence of supplementation with fish oil (FO, 5·2 g/d n-3PUFA) and safflower oil (SO). At baseline and after each period, we measured primary outcomes: attention (d2-test) and spatial working memory (Corsi test) and secondary outcomes: flexibility (Stroop word-colour test), ADHD symptoms (Conners scales), executive functions (Behavioural Inventory of Executive Function) and social behaviour (Social Responsiveness Scale). The dropout rate was 15 %. Compliance was 94 % and correlated with whole-blood n-3LCPUFA. Corsi scores improved by ∼0·3 × sd (P = 0·032) after FO v. SO, and the odds for d2 errors were 30 % lower (P = 0·016), which was supported by improved Conners scores of attention (P = 0·023). Improvement in Conners ADHD symptom score was limited to participants with ADHD (-3·5(-6·0; -1·0), n 10 v. -0·2(-2·5;2·2), n 11 without ADHD, Pinteraction = 0·096), who also improved their behavioural regulation index by 0·3 × sd after FO (Pinteraction = 0·016). Participants without ADHD gained most in d2 test performance (OR = 0·4(0·2;0·7) v. 0·9(0·6;1·3) in those with ADHD, Pinteraction = 0·002), but their executive function score was exacerbated after FO (5·9(0·0,11·8), Pinteraction = 0·039). Our results did not show any effects on ASD symptoms, but suggest that FO may improve attention and working memory in adults with ASD and ameliorate ADHD symptoms in those with comorbid ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Lundbergh
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Laumann RD, Iversen T, Frandsen TL, Mølgaard C, Stark KD, Schmiegelow K, Lauritzen L. Whole blood long-chain n-3 fatty acids as a measure of fish oil compliance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a pilot study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 177:102401. [PMID: 35085895 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) may prevent chemotherapy-induced hyperlipidemia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, compliance could be a problem and intake-biomarker correlations may be affected by bodyweight and blood transfusions. We assessed whole blood n-3 LCPUFA three times during the first 83 days of treatment in six 1-17-year-old children with ALL, who received 2.4-4.9 g/d n-3 LCPUFA depending on bodyweight. Mean compliance was 73%, which resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in blood n-3 LCPUFA irrespective of blood transfusions. The correlation between relative blood content of n-3 LCPUFA and intake in g/d across the study period was strong (r=0.76, p=0.001). When n-3 LCPUFA was expressed in absolute concentrations and intake per kg bodyweight the correlation decreased (r=0.39, p=0.164) and was driven by baseline values. Thus, relative content of n-3 LCPUFA in blood reflects fish oil compliance in children with ALL despite blood transfusions and differences in bodyweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Laumann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - T Iversen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T L Frandsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Pediatric Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pedersen H, Beaulieu K, Finlayson G, Færch K, Jørgensen ME, Lewis JI, Lind MV, Lauritzen L, Quist JS. Food Reward after a Traditional Inuit or a Westernised Diet in an Inuit Population in Greenland. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030561. [PMID: 35276918 PMCID: PMC8839061 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The food availability and dietary behaviours in Greenland have changed with increasing Westernisation. Food reward is an important driver of food choice and intake, which has not previously been explored in the Arctic population. The aim of this study was to explore differences in food reward after a four-week intervention period with a traditional Inuit diet (TID) or Westernised diet (WD) in Inuit populations in Northern and Western Greenland. This cross-sectional analysis included 44 adults (n = 20 after TID and n = 24 after WD). We assessed the food reward components, explicit liking and implicit wanting, using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire under standardised conditions 60 min after drinking a glucose drink as part of an oral glucose tolerance test after four weeks following a TID or WD. The food intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. The intervention groups differed only in implicit wanting for high-fat sweet foods, with higher implicit wanting among the participants following TID compared to WD. Both groups had lower explicit liking and implicit wanting for sweet relative to savoury foods and for high-fat relative to low-fat foods. This exploratory study can guide future studies in Inuit populations to include measures of food reward to better understand food intake in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Pedersen
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Steno Diabetes Center Copenahgen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; (K.B.); (G.F.); (K.F.); (J.S.Q.)
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Steno Diabetes Center Copenahgen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; (K.B.); (G.F.); (K.F.); (J.S.Q.)
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Steno Diabetes Center Copenahgen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; (K.B.); (G.F.); (K.F.); (J.S.Q.)
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kristine Færch
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Steno Diabetes Center Copenahgen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; (K.B.); (G.F.); (K.F.); (J.S.Q.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit Eika Jørgensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Greenland, Dronning Ingrids Vej, Nuuk 3900, Greenland
| | - Jack Ivor Lewis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (J.I.L.); (M.V.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (J.I.L.); (M.V.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; (J.I.L.); (M.V.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Jonas Salling Quist
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Steno Diabetes Center Copenahgen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; (K.B.); (G.F.); (K.F.); (J.S.Q.)
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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15
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Lauritzen L. A spotlight on seafood for global human nutrition. Nature 2021; 598:260-262. [PMID: 34526686 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-02436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Møller G, Ritz C, Kjølbæk L, Vuholm S, Korndal SK, Larsen TM, Pedersen O, Saris W, Astrup A, Lauritzen L, Kristensen M, Lind MV. Authors' reply to Kahn's comment. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1940-1941. [PMID: 33895076 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grith Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Vuholm
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanne K Korndal
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim Saris
- Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Pharmacology Obesity, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Mads V Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pedersen H, Beaulieu K, Jørgensen ME, Færch K, Lauritzen L, Lewis J, Finlayson G, Quist JS. Food Preferences in a Greenlandic Population. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab038_052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The overall aim was to describe food reward in an Inuit population in Greenland. More specifically, the objective was to first test the differences in food reward for sweet relative to savory food (taste bias) after four weeks on a traditionally Inuit diet (TID) vs a Westernized diet (WD). If no differences in taste bias were found between diet groups, we aimed to describe food reward in a pooled sample (median [IQR]). We hypothesized that participants would have higher preferences for sweet compared to savory foods.
Methods
After a dietary intervention in Greenland (20% of foods provided), we measured behavioral components of food reward using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. The reward components, explicit liking and implicit wanting, were measured in response to images of Western foods varying in fat content and taste after four weeks on either TID or WD. A positive bias score reflected preference for sweet over savory, and oppositely a negative bias score reflected preference for savory over sweet foods.
Results
Participant characteristics were similar in the two diet groups (age (mean (SD): TID = 58.1 (11.5) vs. WD = 55.4 (9.5) years); sex: TID = 50% vs. WD = 54% women; body mass index (mean (SD): TID = 26.6 (5.5) vs. WD = 27.9 (4.7) kg/m2). In these preliminary, unadjusted analyses, we found no differences in explicit liking (P = 0.77) or implicit wanting (P = 0.70) bias score for sweet over savory foods after four weeks following either TID (n = 26) or WID (n = 24). Altogether, participants in the two diet groups had a greater explicit liking (−11.5 [−19.9; −2.8]) and implicit wanting (−21.6 [−44.2; −5.2]) for savory compared to sweet foods.
Conclusions
This is the first study to examine explicit and implicit aspects of food reward in an Inuit population. Contrary to our hypothesis, this population did not prefer sweet over savory Western foods.
Funding Sources
The study was supported by unrestricted grants from The Novo Nordisk Foundation. Royal Greenland and the supermarket chains Kalaallit Nunaanni Brugseni & Pilersuisoq supported the study with foods and food logistics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds
| | | | | | | | | | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds
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18
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Ren X, Vilhjálmsdóttir BL, Rohde JF, Walker KC, Runstedt SE, Lauritzen L, Heitmann BL, Specht IO. Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Polyunsaturated and Trans Fatty Acids During Pregnancy and Offspring Weight Development. Front Nutr 2021; 8:625596. [PMID: 33842522 PMCID: PMC8027310 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.625596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) may have an impact on offspring weight development. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines to evaluate whether levels of these fatty acids during pregnancy influenced offspring weight development. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with DHA and/or EPA supplementation or cohort studies, which examined levels of DHA, EPA, or TFAs in maternal or neonatal blood samples and recorded offspring weight, were included. Overall, 27 RCTs and 14 observational studies were identified. The results showed that DHA and/or EPA supplementation doses >650 mg/day resulted in slightly higher birth weight (MD 87.5 g, 95% CI 52.3-122.6, n = 3,831) and combined BMI and BMI z score at 5-10 years (SMD 0.11, 95% CI 0.04-0.18, n = 3,220). These results were rated as moderate quality. Results from the observational studies were generally inconsistent. High TFA levels during pregnancy seemed to be associated with lower birth weight. Finally, this review and meta-analysis supports a relationship between high maternal or neonatal DHA and/or EPA levels and higher offspring birth weight and weight in childhood. More high-quality long-term studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ren
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitta Lind Vilhjálmsdóttir
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Christina Walker
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Elizabeth Runstedt
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Paediatric and International Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sydney Medical School, The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Section for General Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Møller G, Lind MV, Hauptmann AL, Senftleber N, Hansen CB, Hansen T, Jørgensen ME, Lauritzen L. The role of a traditional and western diet on glucose homeostasis in Greenlandic Inuit carriers and non-carriers of type 2 diabetes variant in the TBC1D4 gene: A protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 21:100734. [PMID: 33604488 PMCID: PMC7873626 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lifestyle of Inuit in Greenland and worldwide is undergoing a transition from a fisher-hunter to a westernized society and meanwhile the prevalence of type-2 diabetes (T2D) has increased dramatically. Studies have shown that a common nonsense p.Arg684Ter variant in TBC1D4, which is frequent in Greenland, confers genetic susceptibility towards high risk of T2D. The aim of the study is to investigate whether a traditional marine diet, with high fat and low carbohydrate, will improve glycemic control in Greenland Inuit compared to a western diet. Moreover, we want to examine if the response is more pronounced in carriers of the p.Arg684Ter variant. MATERIALS AND METHODS We will conduct a randomized, clinical cross-over trial with two dietary intervention periods of four weeks duration. The diet intervention comprise provision of >20E% and instruction for the remaining part of the diet. We expect to include 30 homozygous carriers and 30 homozygous non-carriers of the p.Arg684Ter variant, aged 18-80 years, across three Greenlandic towns. The primary outcome is plasma (p)-glucose 2 h post an oral glucose tolerance test and we aim to have 80% power, at α = 0.05, to detect a difference of 1.1 mmol/L. We will also include supporting measures of glucose homeostasis, assess other markers of the metabolic syndrome and perform metabolome and microbiome profiling. The statistical analysis will be performed as complete case analyses using linear mixed models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study received approval by the Ethics Committee of Greenland (KVUG 2018-26) and will be disseminated via international peer-reviewed journal articles and conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov identifier no. NCT04011904.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grith Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ninna Senftleber
- Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit Eika Jørgensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Ilisimatusarfik, The University of Greenland, and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Møller G, Ritz C, Kjølbæk L, Vuholm S, Korndal SK, Larsen TM, Pedersen O, Saris W, Astrup A, Lauritzen L, Kristensen M, Lind MV. Sagittal abdominal diameter and waist circumference appear to be equally good as identifiers of cardiometabolic risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:518-527. [PMID: 33223400 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are commonly used markers of cardiometabolic risk. However, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been proposed as a possibly more sensitive marker of intra-abdominal obesity. We investigated differences in how SAD, WC, and BMI were correlated with cardiometabolic risk markers. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study investigated anthropometric and metabolic baseline measurements of individuals from six trials. Multiple linear regression and (partial) correlation coefficients were used to investigate associations between SAD, WC, and BMI and cardiometabolic risk markers, including components of the metabolic syndrome as well as insulin resistance, blood lipids, and lowgrade inflammation. In total 1516 mostly overweight or obese individuals were included in the study. SAD was significantly more correlated with TG than WC for all studies, and overall increase in correlation was 0.05 (95% CI (0.02; 0.08). SAD was significantly more correlated with the markers TG and DBP 0.11 (95% CI (0.08, 0.14)) and 0.04 (95% CI (0.006, 0.07), respectively compared to BMI across all or most studies. CONCLUSION This study showed that no single anthropometric indicator was consistently more strongly correlated across all markers of cardiometabolic risk. However, SAD was significantly more strongly correlated with TG than WC and significantly more strongly correlated with DBP and TG than BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grith Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Vuholm
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanne Kellebjerg Korndal
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Meinert Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim Saris
- Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Pharmacology Obesity, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Vuholm S, Teisen MN, Mølgaard C, Lauritzen L, Damsgaard CT. Sleep and physical activity in healthy 8-9-year-old children are affected by oily fish consumption in the FiSK Junior randomized trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3095-3106. [PMID: 33515093 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies indicate that long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3LCPUFA) affect sleep and physical activity (PA) in childhood. However, few studies used objective tools and none studies examined the effect of fish per se. We aimed to explore if fish consumption affected sleep and PA assessed by accelerometry in children, and if effects were modified by sex. METHODS In a randomized 12-week trial, 199 healthy 8-9-year-old children received ~ 300 g/week of oily fish or poultry. Sleep and PA were pre-specified explorative outcomes examined by accelerometers that the children wore on their hip for 7 days at baseline and endpoint, while parents registered sleep. Compliance was verified by erythrocyte n-3LCPUFA. RESULTS The children slept 9.4 ± 0.5 h/night but the sleep duration variability across the week was 6.0 (95%CI: 0.8, 11.1) min lower in the fish vs poultry group. Furthermore, children in the fish group exhibited increased spare time sedentary activity [9.4 (95%CI: 1.8, 16.9) min/day] at the expense of light PA [- 8.2 (95%CI: - 14.4, - 2.0) min/day]. These effects were supported by dose-dependency with n-3LCPUFA. Additionally, latency to sleep onset was reduced by 3.6 (95%CI: 1.0, 6.3) min on weekends and moderate-vigorous PA during school hours was 3.5 (95%CI: 0.1, 6.8) min longer in fish vs poultry. P values for sex interactions were all > 0.05 but the effects tended to be most pronounced on sleep in girls and PA in boys. CONCLUSION Oily fish intake altered sleep and PA patterns among healthy schoolchildren, with some slight indications of sex differences. These findings warrant further investigation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY At clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02809508) and a published protocol in Trials [Damsgaard et al. in Trials, 2016].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Vuholm
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marie N Teisen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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22
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Sass L, Bjarnadóttir E, Stokholm J, Chawes B, Vinding RK, Mora-Jensen ARC, Thorsen J, Noergaard S, Ebdrup BH, Jepsen JRM, Fagerlund B, Bønnelykke K, Lauritzen L, Bisgaard H. Fish Oil Supplementation in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopment in Childhood-A Randomized Clinical Trial. Child Dev 2021; 92:1624-1635. [PMID: 33506965 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A double-blind randomized controlled trial of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation or matching placebo during third trimester of pregnancy was conducted within the COPSAC2010 mother-child cohort consisting of 736 women and their children. The objective was to determine if maternal n-3 LCPUFA pregnancy supplementation affects offspring neurodevelopment until 6 years. Neurodevelopment was evaluated in 654 children assessing age of motor milestone achievement, language development, cognitive development, general neurodevelopment, and emotional and behavioral problems. Maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy improved early language development and reduced the impact of emotional and behavioral problems. The n-3 LCPUFA supplementation was in boys associated with the earlier achievement of gross motor milestones, improved cognitive development, and a reduced impact of emotional and behavioral problems.
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23
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Nielsen RL, Helenius M, Garcia SL, Roager HM, Aytan-Aktug D, Hansen LBS, Lind MV, Vogt JK, Dalgaard MD, Bahl MI, Jensen CB, Muktupavela R, Warinner C, Aaskov V, Gøbel R, Kristensen M, Frøkiær H, Sparholt MH, Christensen AF, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Kristiansen K, Brix S, Petersen TN, Lauritzen L, Licht TR, Pedersen O, Gupta R. Data integration for prediction of weight loss in randomized controlled dietary trials. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20103. [PMID: 33208769 PMCID: PMC7674420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is an important component in weight management strategies, but heterogeneous responses to the same diet make it difficult to foresee individual weight-loss outcomes. Omics-based technologies now allow for analysis of multiple factors for weight loss prediction at the individual level. Here, we classify weight loss responders (N = 106) and non-responders (N = 97) of overweight non-diabetic middle-aged Danes to two earlier reported dietary trials over 8 weeks. Random forest models integrated gut microbiome, host genetics, urine metabolome, measures of physiology and anthropometrics measured prior to any dietary intervention to identify individual predisposing features of weight loss in combination with diet. The most predictive models for weight loss included features of diet, gut bacterial species and urine metabolites (ROC-AUC: 0.84-0.88) compared to a diet-only model (ROC-AUC: 0.62). A model ensemble integrating multi-omics identified 64% of the non-responders with 80% confidence. Such models will be useful to assist in selecting appropriate weight management strategies, as individual predisposition to diet response varies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Linnemann Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marianne Helenius
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Sara L Garcia
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Henrik M Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Derya Aytan-Aktug
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josef K Vogt
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Marlene Danner Dalgaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Martin I Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Bang Jensen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Rasa Muktupavela
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Vincent Aaskov
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Rikke Gøbel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Institute for Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Rønne, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
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24
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Senftleber NK, Albrechtsen A, Lauritzen L, Larsen CL, Bjerregaard P, Diaz LJ, Rønn PF, Jørgensen ME. Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of cardiovascular disease in Inuit: First prospective cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 312:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Søndertoft NB, Vogt JK, Arumugam M, Kristensen M, Gøbel RJ, Fan Y, Lyu L, Bahl MI, Eriksen C, Ängquist L, Frøkiær H, Hansen TH, Brix S, Nielsen HB, Hansen T, Vestergaard H, Gupta R, Licht TR, Lauritzen L, Pedersen O. The intestinal microbiome is a co-determinant of the postprandial plasma glucose response. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238648. [PMID: 32947608 PMCID: PMC7500969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated postprandial plasma glucose is a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the inter-individual postprandial plasma glucose response varies partly depending on the intestinal microbiome composition and function. We analyzed data from Danish adults (n = 106), who were self-reported healthy and attended the baseline visit of two previously reported randomized controlled cross-over trials within the Gut, Grain and Greens project. Plasma glucose concentrations at five time points were measured before and during three hours after a standardized breakfast. Based on these data, we devised machine learning algorithms integrating bio-clinical, as well as shotgun-sequencing-derived taxa and functional potentials of the intestinal microbiome to predict individual postprandial glucose excursions. In this post hoc study, we found microbial and clinical features, which predicted up to 48% of the inter-individual variance of postprandial plasma glucose responses (Pearson correlation coefficient of measured vs. predicted values, R = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.84, p<0.001). The features were age, fasting serum triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, BMI, fasting total serum cholesterol, abundance of Bifidobacterium genus, richness of metagenomics species and abundance of a metagenomic species annotated to Clostridiales at order level. A model based only on microbial features predicted up to 14% of the variance in postprandial plasma glucose excursions (R = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.64, p = 0.04). Adding fasting glycaemic measures to the model including microbial and bio-clinical features increased the predictive power to R = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.59 to 0.89, p<0.001), explaining more than 60% of the inter-individual variance of postprandial plasma glucose concentrations. The outcome of the study points to a potential role of the taxa and functional potentials of the intestinal microbiome. If validated in larger studies our findings may be included in future algorithms attempting to develop personalized nutrition, especially for prediction of individual blood glucose excursions in dys-glycaemic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja B. Søndertoft
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (OP); (NBS)
| | - Josef K. Vogt
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke J. Gøbel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yong Fan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liwei Lyu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin I. Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Eriksen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tue H. Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine R. Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (OP); (NBS)
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26
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Laumann RD, Iversen T, Mogensen PR, Lauritzen L, Mølgaard C, Frandsen TL. Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Hyperlipidemia during Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment - A Pilot Study. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1816-1820. [PMID: 32791015 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1803934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is common during contemporary treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and may increase risk of osteonecrosis, thrombosis, and possibly acute pancreatitis. Marine fatty acids found in fish oil decrease levels of triglycerides and possibly total cholesterol in hyperlipidemic patients. This prospective pilot study provided fish oil for 83 days to seven children undergoing acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. On average fish oil was consumed 74% of the intervention period. Further, we found significant lower levels of triglycerides (P = 0.016) and total cholesterol (P = 0.027) compared to 22 historical controls, although correction for one extra PEG-asparaginase dose reduced the level of significance. However, the findings indicate that fish oil may alleviate development of hyperlipidemia during acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings and to investigate the potential effect of fish oil supplements on development of severe adverse events, including osteonecrosis, thrombosis, and acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate D Laumann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Turid Iversen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille R Mogensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Diabetes and Bone-metabolic Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Pediatric Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Frandsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Teisen MN, Vuholm S, Niclasen J, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Stark KD, Geertsen SS, Damsgaard CT, Lauritzen L. Effects of oily fish intake on cognitive and socioemotional function in healthy 8-9-year-old children: the FiSK Junior randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:74-83. [PMID: 32529206 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-chain n-3 PUFAs (n-3 LCPUFAs) accrete in the brain during childhood and affect brain development. Randomized trials in children show inconsistent effects of n-3 LCPUFAs on cognitive and socioemotional function, and few have investigated effects of fish per se. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of oily fish consumption on overall and domain-specific cognitive and socioemotional scores and explore sex differences. METHODS Healthy 8-9-y-old children (n = 199) were randomly allocated to receive ∼300 g/wk oily fish or poultry (control) for 12 ± 2 wk. At baseline and endpoint, we assessed attention, processing speed, executive functions, memory, emotions, and behavior with a large battery of tests and questionnaires and analyzed erythrocyte fatty acid composition. RESULTS One hundred and ninety-seven (99%) children completed the trial. Children in the fish group consumed 375 (25th-75th percentile: 325-426) g/wk oily fish resulting in 2.3 (95% CI: 1.9, 2.6) fatty acid percentage points higher erythrocyte n-3 LCPUFA than in the poultry group. The overall cognitive performance score tended to improve by 0.17 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.35) points in children who received fish compared with poultry, supported by n-3 LCPUFA dose dependency. This was driven mainly by fewer errors [-1.9 (95% CI: -3.4, -0.3)] in an attention task and improved cognitive flexibility measured as faster reaction time [-51 ms (95% CI: -94, -7 ms)] in a complex relative to a simple task ("mixing cost"). The fish intervention furthermore reduced parent-rated Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire total difficulties by -0.89 (95% CI: -1.60, -0.18) points mainly due to a -0.63 (95% CI: -1.11, -0.16) points reduction in internalizing problems that was reflected in tendency to a decrease in the overall socioemotional problems score of -0.13 (95% CI: -0.26, 0.01) points. The overall effects were similar in boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS Oily fish dose-dependently improved cognitive function, especially attention and cognitive flexibility, and reduced socioemotional problems. The results support the importance of n-3 LCPUFAs for optimal brain function and fish intake recommendations in children.The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02809508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie N Teisen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Vuholm
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janni Niclasen
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Svend S Geertsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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van Rossem L, Smit HA, Armand M, Bernard JY, Bisgaard H, Bønnelykke K, Bruun S, Heude B, Husby S, Kyhl HB, Michaelsen KF, Stark KD, Thijs C, Vinding RK, Wijga AH, Lauritzen L. Breast milk n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood pressure: an individual participant meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:989-998. [PMID: 32564149 PMCID: PMC7900030 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose It is controversial whether a higher intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA) through breastfeeding is associated or not to a lower blood pressure (BP) during childhood. We aimed to clarify this point by undertaking a meta-analysis involving the data from seven European birth cohorts. Methods We searched https://www.birthcohort.net for studies that had collected breast milk samples, and had at least one BP measurement in childhood. Principal investigators were contacted, and all agreed to share data. One additional study was identified by contacts with the principal investigators. For each cohort, we analyzed the association of breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs with systolic and diastolic BP with linear mixed effects models or linear regression, and pooled the estimates with a random effects model. We also investigated age-specific and sex-specific associations. Results A total of 2188 participants from 7 cohorts were included. Overall, no associations between breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs and BP were observed. In the pooled analysis, each 0.1 wt% increment in breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was associated with a 1.19 (95% CI − 3.31, 0.94) mmHg lower systolic BP. Associations were similar for boys and girls and at different ages. Conclusion In this individual participant meta-analysis, we found no evidence for an association between breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs and BP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02310-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenie van Rossem
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Henriette A Smit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Bruun
- Strategic Business Unit Pediatric, Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J, Denmark.,Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), INSERM, INRA, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Steffen Husby
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henriette B Kyhl
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca K Vinding
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alet H Wijga
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bjerg Bendsen B, Bjerg Bendsen E, Lauritzen L, Vilmar T, Bech P. Post-stroke patients in rehabilitation. The relationship between biological impairment (CT scanning), physical disability and clinical depression. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 12:399-404. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(97)83565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/1996] [Accepted: 08/01/1997] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryA study of 128 consecutive patients with thromboembolic stroke in a rehabilitation hospital from July 1988 to September 1990 found a prevalence of major depression of 17%. The patient population was described according to the principles of the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) according to biological impairment, measured by computerized tomography (CT) scanning of the brain and side of hemiparesis and physical disability, measured by functional movement and activities of daily living. Handicap, referring to the interaction between disability and the environmental situation, often defined as the subjective disadvantage of being ill, was not measured in this study. A stroke index with four items was generated from the parameters describing biological impairment and physical disability. The psychiatric rating scales (the 17-item Hamilton Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Melancholia Scale [MES]and the Newcastle Diagnostic Depression Scale), and the new stroke-index showed adequate coefficients of Cronbach's alpha and Loevinger, suggesting that these scales have both adequate item correlation and homogeneity (adequate hierarchical structure). The impairment disability index of stroke thus seems to be a meaningful measurement of the specific factors of this disease. There was no correlation between the stroke-index and the psychiatric rating scales measuring the emotional dimension of disability caused by the disease expressed as depression. The results suggest that the depression found among stroke patients is not a simple reaction to the physical disability of the stroke.
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30
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Schmidt N, Møller G, Bæksgaard L, Østerlind K, Stark KD, Lauritzen L, Andersen JR. Fish oil supplementation in cancer patients. Capsules or nutritional drink supplements? A controlled study of compliance. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 35:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hartwig FP, Davies NM, Horta BL, Ahluwalia TS, Bisgaard H, Bønnelykke K, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Poulton R, Sajjad A, Tiemeier HW, Dalmau-Bueno A, Guxens M, Bustamante M, Santa-Marina L, Parker N, Paus T, Pausova Z, Lauritzen L, Schnurr TM, Michaelsen KF, Hansen T, Oddy W, Pennell CE, Warrington NM, Davey Smith G, Victora CG. Effect modification of FADS2 polymorphisms on the association between breastfeeding and intelligence: results from a collaborative meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:45-57. [PMID: 30541029 PMCID: PMC6380307 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that breastfeeding benefits children’s intelligence, possibly due to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) present in breast milk. Under a nutritional adequacy hypothesis, an interaction between breastfeeding and genetic variants associated with endogenous LC-PUFAs synthesis might be expected. However, the literature on this topic is controversial. Methods We investigated this gene × environment interaction through a collaborative effort. The primary analysis involved >12 000 individuals and used ever breastfeeding, FADS2 polymorphisms rs174575 and rs1535 coded assuming a recessive effect of the G allele, and intelligence quotient (IQ) in Z scores. Results There was no strong evidence of interaction, with pooled covariate-adjusted interaction coefficients (i.e. difference between genetic groups of the difference in IQ Z scores comparing ever with never breastfed individuals) of 0.12[(95% confidence interval (CI): −0.19; 0.43] and 0.06 (95% CI: −0.16; 0.27) for the rs174575 and rs1535 variants, respectively. Secondary analyses corroborated these results. In studies with ≥5.85 and <5.85 months of breastfeeding duration, pooled estimates for the rs174575 variant were 0.50 (95% CI: −0.06; 1.06) and 0.14 (95% CI: −0.10; 0.38), respectively, and 0.27 (95% CI: −0.28; 0.82) and −0.01 (95% CI: −0.19; 0.16) for the rs1535 variant. Conclusions Our findings did not support an interaction between ever breastfeeding and FADS2 polymorphisms. However, subgroup analysis suggested that breastfeeding may supply LC-PUFAs requirements for cognitive development if breastfeeding lasts for some (currently unknown) time. Future studies in large individual-level datasets would allow properly powered subgroup analyses and further improve our understanding on the breastfeeding × FADS2 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pires Hartwig
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil Martin Davies
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richie Poulton
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Henning W Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Dalmau-Bueno
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Basque Country Health Department, BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nadine Parker
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wendy Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia and
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia and.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Olsen MF, Iuel-Brockdorff AS, Yaméogo CW, Cichon B, Fabiansen C, Filteau S, Phelan K, Ouédraogo A, Wells JC, Briend A, Michaelsen KF, Lauritzen L, Ritz C, Ashorn P, Christensen VB, Gladstone M, Friis H. Early development in children with moderate acute malnutrition: A cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso. Matern Child Nutr 2019; 16:e12928. [PMID: 31823490 PMCID: PMC7083399 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition impairs cognitive, communication, and motor development, but it is not known how nutrition and health are associated with development in children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). We aimed to describe motor and language development of children with MAM and explore its nutrition and health-related correlates. This cross-sectional study used baseline data from a nutritional trial in children with MAM aged 6-23 months in Burkina Faso. Motor and language skills were assessed using the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT). Linear mixed models were used to explore potential correlates of MDAT including socio-economic status, anthropometry, body composition, whole-blood polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), haemoglobin (Hb), iron status, and morbidity. We also assessed child and caregiver participation during MDAT procedures and their associations with correlates and development. MDAT data were available for 1.608 children. Mean (95% CI) MDAT z-scores were -0.39 (-0.45, -0.34) for gross motor, 0.54 (0.48, 0.59) for fine motor, and -0.91 (-0.96, -0.86) for language skills. Children with higher mid-upper arm circumference, weight-for-height, height-for-age, fat-free mass, n-3 PUFAs, Hb, and iron status had better MDAT z-scores, whereas children with more fat mass index, anaemia, illness, and inflammation had poorer z-scores. In addition, children living in larger households or with an unmarried mother had poorer MDAT z-scores. Associations between morbidity and z-scores were largely explained by children's poorer participation during MDAT assessment. The identified factors associated with child development may inform interventions needed to stimulate development during or after management of MAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette F Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Charles W Yaméogo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Département Biomédical et Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Bernardette Cichon
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Fabiansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Filteau
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kevin Phelan
- The Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Paris, France
| | | | - Jonathan C Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - André Briend
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Ashorn
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vibeke B Christensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Medicins Sans Frontieres - Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa Gladstone
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vuholm S, Rantanen JM, Teisen MN, Stark KD, Mølgaard C, Christensen JH, Lauritzen L, Damsgaard CT. Effects of oily fish intake on cardiometabolic markers in healthy 8- to 9-y-old children: the FiSK Junior randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1296-1305. [PMID: 31595295 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish oil improves cardiometabolic markers in adults, but results in children are inconsistent. Few children meet the recommended fish intake and no randomized trials have investigated how fish intake per se affects children's cardiometabolic profile. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether oily fish consumption modulated serum triacylglycerol and diastolic blood pressure (coprimary outcomes) and other cardiometabolic markers in healthy Danish children and whether effects were sex-specific. METHODS In a randomized controlled 12-wk trial, 199 children (aged 8-9 y) received ∼300 g/wk of oily fish or poultry (control). We measured blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) via 3-h continuous electrocardiograms and collected fasting blood samples for analysis of erythrocyte EPA [20:5n-3 (ω-3)] + DHA (22:6n-3) and serum triacylglycerol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, glucose, and insulin. RESULTS One hundred and ninety-seven children (99%) completed the trial. The fish group consumed a median (IQR) of 375 (325-426) g oily fish/wk and the poultry group consumed 400 (359-452) g poultry/wk, which resulted in 2.25 (95% CI: 1.88, 2.62) fatty acid percentage-point higher erythrocyte EPA + DHA in the fish group (P < 0.001). In the fish group, serum triacylglycerol decreased by 0.05 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.00, 0.11 mmol/L) (P = 0.04) and HDL cholesterol increased by 0.07 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.01, 0.13 mmol/L) (P = 0.02); the triacylglycerol effect showed dose-dependency with erythrocyte EPA + DHA (r = -0.15, P = 0.04), whereas HDL showed a tendency for such an association(r = 0.13, P = 0.08). Additional analyses indicated sex-specificity (Pdiet*sex < 0.10), because triacylglycerol was reduced by 0.09 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.02, 0.16 mmol/L) in boys only (girls: -0.00; 95% CI: -0.07, 0.07 mmol/L) and heart rate was reduced by 3.4 bpm (95% CI: 0.2, 6.6 bpm) in girls only (boys: 0.6; 95% CI: -2.6, 3.8 bpm). Blood pressure, HRV, and glucose homeostasis were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Oily fish intake improved serum triacylglycerol and HDL cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner in 8- to 9-y-old children, but had no effect on blood pressure, HRV, or glucose homeostasis. This supports recommendations for fish intake in children and underlines the importance of initiatives to increase children's intake of oily fish. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02809508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Vuholm
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jesper M Rantanen
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marie N Teisen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Bjarnadóttir E, Stokholm J, Chawes B, Thorsen J, Mora‐Jensen AC, Deleuran M, Bønnelykke K, Lauritzen L, Bisgaard H. Determinants of neurodevelopment in early childhood - results from the Copenhagen prospective studies on asthma in childhood (COPSAC 2010 ) mother-child cohort. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1632-1641. [PMID: 30748036 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to identify possible pre- and postnatal factors influencing neurodevelopment of the young child. METHODS We used data from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010 ) mother-child cohort, but excluded those with a neurological diagnosis, born <37 weeks of gestation and birthweights <2500 g, resulting in 650 children analysed. Neurodevelopment was assessed as age of achievement of early milestones, language scores at 1 and 2 years and cognitive score at 2 ½ years of age. RESULTS Neurodevelopmental scores were not associated with breastfeeding, persistent wheeze, eczema and number of sick days (p > 0.05 in all tests). Early age at milestone achievement was associated with male sex (p = 0.05), lower maternal age (p = 0.02), higher gestational age (p < 0.001) and paternity leave (p = 0.01). A higher 1-year language score was associated with female sex (p = 0.02) and maternal smoking during pregnancy (p = 0.01) and a higher 2-year language score with female sex (p < 0.001) and being first born (p = 0.01). A higher cognitive score was associated with female sex (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Neurodevelopmental scores were unrelated to breastfeeding, persistent wheeze, eczema and number of sick days. Neurodevelopment in early childhood was mostly associated with gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elín Bjarnadóttir
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics Slagelse Hospital Slagelse Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics Slagelse Hospital Slagelse Denmark
| | - Bo Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jonathan Thorsen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics Slagelse Hospital Slagelse Denmark
| | - Anna‐Rosa Cecilie Mora‐Jensen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics Slagelse Hospital Slagelse Denmark
| | - Maja Deleuran
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics Slagelse Hospital Slagelse Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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35
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Teisen MN, Niclasen J, Vuholm S, Lundbye-Jensen J, Stark KD, Damsgaard CT, Geertsen SS, Lauritzen L. Exploring correlations between neuropsychological measures and domain-specific consistency in associations with n-3 LCPUFA status in 8-9 year-old boys and girls. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216696. [PMID: 31116782 PMCID: PMC6530844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) have in some studies been associated with cognitive and socioemotional outcomes in children, but results are inconsistent possibly due to the use of different tests and potential gender-specific effects. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to explore overall patterns in neuropsychological scores as well as correlations between scores within specific domains, and to examine potential gender differences and consistency in associations with n-3 LCPUFA status. In 199 Danish 8–9 year-old children, we performed a large battery of tests and questionnaires on attention, processing speed, executive functions, memory, and socioemotional traits, and measured erythrocyte fatty acid composition. Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that most of the variation in both cognitive performance and socioemotional traits was explained by overall performance, followed by speed-accuracy trade off and externalizing vs. internalizing problems, respectively. Boys had higher speed, lower attention and higher externalizing problem scores than girls. Measures of performance within both processing speed and attention domains correlated moderately, whereas no correlations were found for measures of executive functions apart from some weak correlations for impulsivity. Parent-rated scores for both externalizing and internalizing problems correlated strongly, whereas correlations with child-rated scores were weak. Scores within specific domains did not consistently associate with n-3 LCPUFA, except for processing speed measures which all pointed to faster processing with increased n-3 LCPUFA status. Gender differences in the associations were observed for attention and impulsivity. Child- but not parent-rated internalizing and social problems tended to associate directly with n-3 LCPUFA, supported by increased internalizing problems measured by the PCA component. In conclusion, measures of speed and attention seem to represent these domains in general, whereas single measures of more complex cognitive functions should be interpreted with caution. One approach could be to use multiple tests and create multivariate scores to guide interpretations. Furthermore, the results indicate a need to consider both parent- and child-rated socioemotional scores and gender differences in neuropsychological functions e.g. in investigations of n-3 LCPUFA effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie N. Teisen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Janni Niclasen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Health Promotion, Diabetes Prevention Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Frederikshøj Dagbehandlingsskole, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Vuholm
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lundbye-Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ken D. Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camilla T. Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend S. Geertsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lauritzen L, Amundsen ID, Damsgaard CT, Lind MV, Schnurr TM, Hansen T, Michaelsen KF, Vogel U. FADS and PPARG2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms are Associated with Plasma Lipids in 9-Mo-Old Infants. J Nutr 2019; 149:708-715. [PMID: 31050749 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), e.g., linoleic acid and n-3 (ω-3) long-chain PUFAs, has been shown in adults to affect plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs), respectively. Little is known about the effects of PUFAs on plasma lipids in early life. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the associations between plasma concentrations of total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and TGs in infants and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fatty acid desaturase genes (FADS) oppositely associated with docosahexaenoic acid (rs1535 and rs174448) and potential effect modification by a functional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 gene variant (PPARG2 Pro12Ala). METHODS In 9-mo-old infants (n = 561) from 3 Danish cohorts, we analyzed associations between plasma lipids, erythrocyte PUFAs, and FADS SNPs, and interactions with PPARG2 Pro12Ala genotype, by multiple linear regression. We also examined potential effect modification by breastfeeding, as 46% of the infants were still being breastfed. RESULTS Minor allele carriage of rs174448 was associated with lower total cholesterol (difference: -0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.06 mmol/L; P = 0.006) and LDL cholesterol (difference: -0.15 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.29, -0.01 mmol/L; P = 0.035), but no associations were observed with TGs or for rs1535. Minor allele carriage of both FADS SNPs was associated with 1 SD lower HDL cholesterol, but only in currently breastfed infants (rs174448 × breastfeeding, P = 0.080; rs1535 × breastfeeding, P = 0.030) and PPARG2 minor allele carriers (rs174448 × PPARG2, P = 0.001; rs1535 × PPARG2, P = 0.004). Erythrocyte arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were inversely associated with LDL cholesterol [estimated effect (β): -0.3 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.06, -0.00 mmol/L per percentage of fatty acids (FA%); P = 0.035] and TGs (β: -0.23 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.41, -0.05 mmol/L per FA%; P = 0.015), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The observed associations with FADS variants indicate that PUFAs are involved in plasma lipid regulation in 9-mo-old infants. Observed FADS SNP differences and interactions with breastfeeding and PPARG2 warrant additional studies to explore the effects of individual FADS SNPs on PUFA status and potential genetic modification of dietary PUFA effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingvild D Amundsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads V Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Vendelbo Lind
- From the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark LL; MK; JNE) and the Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden (ABR)
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- From the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark LL; MK; JNE) and the Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden (ABR)
| | - Mette Kristensen
- From the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark LL; MK; JNE) and the Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden (ABR)
| | - Alastair B Ross
- From the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark LL; MK; JNE) and the Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden (ABR)
| | - Jane Nygaard Eriksen
- From the Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark LL; MK; JNE) and the Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden (ABR)
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Roager HM, Vogt JK, Kristensen M, Hansen LBS, Ibrügger S, Mærkedahl RB, Bahl MI, Lind MV, Nielsen RL, Frøkiær H, Gøbel RJ, Landberg R, Ross AB, Brix S, Holck J, Meyer AS, Sparholt MH, Christensen AF, Carvalho V, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Rumessen JJ, Linneberg A, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Dalgaard MD, Blennow A, Frandsen HL, Villas-Bôas S, Kristiansen K, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Ekstrøm CT, Ritz C, Nielsen HB, Pedersen OB, Gupta R, Lauritzen L, Licht TR. Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial. Gut 2019; 68:83-93. [PMID: 29097438 PMCID: PMC6839833 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality. DESIGN 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed. RESULTS 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye. CONCLUSION Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01731366; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Munch Roager
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Josef K Vogt
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lea Benedicte S Hansen
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sabine Ibrügger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus B Mærkedahl
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark,Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rikke L Nielsen
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Juul Gøbel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Vera Carvalho
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jüri Johannes Rumessen
- Research Unit and Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marlene D Dalgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Silas Villas-Bôas
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus T Ekstrøm
- Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bjørn Nielsen
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark,Clinical-Microbiomics A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Borbye Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Lind MV, Lauritzen L, Kristensen M, Ross AB, Eriksen JN. Effect of folate supplementation on insulin sensitivity and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:29-42. [PMID: 30615110 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various mechanisms link higher total homocysteine to higher insulin resistance (IR) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Folate supplementation is recognized as a way to lower homocysteine. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show inconsistent results on IR and T2D outcomes. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effect of folate supplementation on IR and T2D outcomes. Design We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE and prior systematic reviews and meta-analyses and identified 29 RCTs (22,250 participants) that assessed the effect of placebo-controlled folate supplementation alone or in combination with other B vitamins on fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), or risk of T2D. The meta-analysis was conducted using both random- and fixed-effects models to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) or risk ratios with 95% CIs. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on intervention type (folate alone or in combination with other B vitamins), as well as analysis based on population characteristics, duration, dose, and change in homocysteine. Results When compared with placebo, folate supplementation lowered fasting insulin (WMD: -13.47 pmol/L; 95% CI: -21.41, -5.53 pmol/L; P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.57 units; 95% CI: -0.76, -0.37 units; P < 0.0001), but no overall effects were observed for fasting glucose or HbA1c. Heterogeneity was low in all meta-analyses, and subgroup analysis showed no signs of effect modification except for change in homocysteine, with the most pronounced effects in trials with a change of >2.5 µmol/L. Changes in homocysteine after folate supplementation correlated with changes in fasting glucose (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.14; P = 0.025) and HbA1c (β = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.85; P = 0.02). Only 2 studies examined folate supplementation on risk of T2D, and they found no change in RR (pooled RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.04; P = 0.16). Conclusion Folate supplementation might be beneficial for glucose homeostasis and lowering IR, but at present there are insufficient data to conclusively determine the effect on development of T2D. This trial was registered on the Prospero database as CRD42016048254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jane Nygaard Eriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Nurhasan M, Roos N, Skau JK, Wieringa FT, Friis H, Michaelsen KF, Dijkhuizen MA, Stark KD, Ritz C, Chhoun C, Lauritzen L. Effect of complementary food with small amounts of freshwater fish on whole blood n-3 fatty acids in Cambodian infants age 6-15 months. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 135:92-101. [PMID: 30103938 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of freshwater fish consumption on the status of long-chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) in infants in landlocked, low-income populations is unknown. We used secondary data from a randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial to evaluate the impact of daily consumption of complementary food products with small amounts of freshwater fish on whole blood n-3 LCPUFA in Cambodian infants. Infants (n = 419), received daily, one of four food products for 9 months. Two products contained freshwater fish: WinFood (10% fish by dry weight) and WinFood-L (12% fish by dry weight), while two products were non-fish-based: corn-soy blends (CSB+ and CSB++). Whole blood fatty acids and breastfeeding status were assessed at baseline and endline of the intervention. The WinFood products contributed to an estimated maximum intake of 86.5 mg/day n-3 LCPUFA. There was no difference in whole blood n-3 LCPUFA among the four intervention groups or between the fish-based and the non-fish-based groups (p ≥ 0.142). At endline, 71% of the children were still breastfed. Interaction analyses indicated a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in non-breastfed infants in the WinFood groups compared to the CSB groups (pinteraction = 0.026). Thus, a high intake of n-3 LCPUFA from breastmilk may have blurred a potential impact of small amounts of freshwater fish effect on n-3 LCPUFA status in Cambodian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulia Nurhasan
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Regulation, Policy and Governance, Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nanna Roos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jutta Kh Skau
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank T Wieringa
- UMR-204 Nutripass, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD/UM/SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chamnan Chhoun
- Department of Fisheries Post-harvest Technologies and Quality Control, Fishery Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lind MV, Lauritzen L, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Kristensen M, Ross AB. One-carbon metabolism markers are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:402-410. [PMID: 29499850 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alterations to one-carbon metabolism, especially elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy), have been suggested to be both a cause and a consequence of the metabolic syndrome (MS). A deeper understanding of the role of other one-carbon metabolites in MS, including s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and the methylation capacity index (SAM:SAH ratio) is required. METHODS AND RESULTS 118 men and women with MS-risk factors were included in this cross-sectional study and cardiometabolic outcomes along with markers of one-carbon metabolism, including fasting plasma SAM, SAH, Hcy and vitamin B12 concentrations, were analysed. Multiple linear regression models were also used to examine the association between plasma one-carbon metabolites and cardiometabolic health features. We found that fasting plasma concentrations of Hcy, SAM and SAH were all positively correlated with markers of adiposity, including BMI (increase in BMI per 1-SD increase in one-carbon metabolite: 0.92 kg/m2 95% CI (0.28; 1.56), p = 0.005; 0.81 (0.15; 1.47), p = 0.02; 0.67 (-0.01; 1.36), p = 0.05, respectively). Hcy, but not SAM, SAH or SAM:SAH ratio was associated with BMI and body fat percentage after mutual adjustments. SAM concentrations were associated with higher fasting insulin (9.5% 95% CI (0.3; 19.5) per SD increase in SAM, p = 0.04), HOMA-IR (10.8% (0.8; 21.9), p = 0.03) and TNF-α (11.8% (5.0; 19.0), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found little evidence for associations between SAM:SAH ratio and cardiometabolic variables, but higher plasma concentrations of SAM, SAH and Hcy are related to an overall higher risk of metabolic dysfunctions. The studies were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01719913 &NCT01731366).
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - L Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - H Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - T Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - A B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that feeding rodents n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuates adiposity. Moreover, meta-analyses of human dietary intervention studies indicate that fish oil (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) supplementation might reduce waist circumference. A recent line of research suggests that browning of white adipose depots and activation of uncoupled respiration in brown fat contributes to these effects. This mini-review summarizes the observations in rodents, highlights several mechanisms that might explain these observations and discusses the translational potential. Given the available in vivo evidence and the ability of human adipocytes to aquire a beige phenotype in response to eicosapentaenoic acid incubation, future studies should test the hypothesis that fish oil activates thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissue in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lund
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lesli Hingstrup Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Mærkedahl RB, Frøkiær H, Stenbæk MG, Nielsen CB, Lind MV, Lundtoft C, Bohr MB, Ibrügger S, Metzdorff SB, Vestergaard H, Pedersen O, Lauritzen L. In VivoandEx VivoInflammatory Markers of Common Metabolic Phenotypes in Humans. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:29-39. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marie Grøntved Stenbæk
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Camilla Betak Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mads V. Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian Lundtoft
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marietta Boje Bohr
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sabine Ibrügger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stine Broeng Metzdorff
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Babirekere-Iriso E, Rytter MJH, Namusoke H, Mupere E, Michaelsen KF, Stark KD, Lauritzen L, Briend A, Friis H, Brage S, Faurholt-Jepsen D. Physical activity level among children recovering from severe acute malnutrition. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 23:156-163. [PMID: 29236339 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the level and predictors of physical activity at discharge among children recovering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM). METHODS We conducted a prospective study among 69 children 6-59 months of age admitted with SAM for nutritional rehabilitation at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda. Using hip-mounted triaxial accelerometers, we measured physical activity expressed as counts per minute (cpm) during the last three days of hospital treatment. As potential predictors, we assessed clinical and background characteristics, duration to transition phase and duration of hospitalisation, serum C-reactive protein and whole-blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify predictors of physical activity. RESULTS The median (IQR) age was 15.5 (12.6; 20.5) months. At discharge, the mean (SD) movement was 285 (126) cpm. Physical activity was 43 (19; 67) cpm higher for each unit increase in weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) and 72 (36; 108) cpm higher for each centimetre increase in MUAC. Whole-blood DHA on admission was also a positive predictor of physical activity, whereas duration to transition phase and duration of hospitalisation were both negative predictors. CONCLUSION The level of physical activity at discharge among children treated for SAM was low. WHZ, MUAC and DHA on admission were positive predictors of physical activity, whereas duration of stabilisation and hospitalisation was negative predictors of physical activity. These results suggest that assessment of physical activity may be used as a marker of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Babirekere-Iriso
- Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Hanifa Namusoke
- Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ezekiel Mupere
- Department of Paediatrics, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - André Briend
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Søren Brage
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lind MV, Lauritzen L, Pedersen O, Vestergaard H, Stark KD, Hansen T, Ross AB, Kristensen M. Higher intake of fish and fat is associated with lower plasma s-adenosylhomocysteine: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Res 2017; 46:78-87. [PMID: 29129471 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several B-vitamins act as co-factors in one-carbon metabolism, a pathway that plays a central role in several chronic diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge of how diet affects markers in one-carbon metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore dietary patterns and components associated with one-carbon metabolites. We hypothesized that intake of whole-grains and fish would be associated with lower Hcy, and higher SAM:SAH ratio due to their nutrient content. We assessed dietary information using a four-day dietary record in 118 men and women with features of the metabolic syndrome. In addition we assessed whole-blood fatty acid composition and plasma alkylresorcinols. Plasma s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B12 was included as one-carbon metabolism markers. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to explore dietary patterns and multiple linear regression models to examine associations between dietary factors and one-carbon metabolites. PCA separated subjects based on prudent and unhealthy dietary patterns, but the dietary pattern score was not related to the one-carbon metabolites. Whole grain intake was found to be inversely associated to plasma Hcy (-4.7% (-9.3; 0.0), P=.05) and total grain intake tended to be positively associated with SAM and SAH (2.4% (-0.5; 5.5), P=.08; 5.8% (-0.2; 12.1), P=.06, respectively, per SD increase in cereal intake). Fish intake was inversely associated with plasma Hcy and SAH concentrations (-5.4% (-9.7; -0.8), P=.02 and -7.0% (-12.1; -1.5), P=.01, respectively) and positively associated with the SAM:SAH ratio (6.2% (1.6; 11.0), P=.008). In conclusion, intake and fish and whole-grain appear to be associated with a beneficial one-carbon metabolism profile. This indicates that dietary components could play a role in regulation of one-carbon metabolism with a potential impact on disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Lauritzen L, Sørensen LB, Harsløf LB, Ritz C, Stark KD, Astrup A, Dyssegaard CB, Egelund N, Michaelsen KF, Damsgaard CT. Mendelian randomization shows sex-specific associations between long-chain PUFA-related genotypes and cognitive performance in Danish schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:88-95. [PMID: 28515069 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.152595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary and endogenously formed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are hypothesized to improve cognitive development, but results are inconclusive, with suggestions of sex specificity. One study suggested that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1535 and rs174448 in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster have opposite effects on erythrocyte LCPUFAs at 9 mo.Objective: To explore whether SNPs in FADS and elongase (ELOVL) genes were associated with school performance in a sex-specific manner, we performed a Mendelian randomization study using data from the Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study with 765 Danish schoolchildren 8-11 y old.Design: Associations between selected FADS1/2 SNPs (rs1535, rs174448, and rs174468) and ELOVL5 rs2397142, whole-blood fatty acid composition, and performance in the d2 Test of Attention and a reading test were analyzed in multiple regression models including all SNPs, SNP-sex interactions, and covariates related to testing conditions.Results:FADS, rs1535 minor allele carriage associated with lower whole-blood arachidonic acid (P ≤ 0.002), and minor alleles of rs174448 tended to associate with lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (P = 0.052). We identified sex interactions in 50% of the SNP performance sets. Sex-dependent associations were observed for rs174448 and rs1535 on the d2 Test of Attention outcomes (P < 0.03) and for the associations between reading scores and rs174448 and rs2397142 (P < 0.01). All of the sex-specific analyses showed associations in opposite directions in girls and boys. The minor allele carriage of rs174448 was associated with lower d2 Test of Attention performance (P < 0.02) and reading scores (P < 0.001) in boys but with better reading scores in girls (P ≤ 0.002). The associations were consistently the opposite for rs1535 minor allele carriage (P < 0.05). Associations with rs2397142 also appeared to be opposite of those of rs174448, but only for reading and not significant after adjustment for parental educational level and whole-blood DHA.Conclusions: This study showed associations between rs1535 minor allele homozygosity and rs174448 major allele carriage and improved performance in 8- to 11-y-old boys but not in girls, thereby counteracting existing sex differences. This may be a consequence of increased endogenous DHA synthesis in infancy but not at school-age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01457794.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Louise B Sørensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Laurine B Harsløf
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Camilla B Dyssegaard
- Department of Education, Faculty of Arts, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Egelund
- Department of Education, Faculty of Arts, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Senftleber NK, Nielsen SM, Andersen JR, Bliddal H, Tarp S, Lauritzen L, Furst DE, Suarez-Almazor ME, Lyddiatt A, Christensen R. Marine Oil Supplements for Arthritis Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Nutrients 2017; 9:E42. [PMID: 28067815 PMCID: PMC5295086 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis patients often take fish oil supplements to alleviate symptoms, but limited evidence exists regarding their efficacy. The objective was to evaluate whether marine oil supplements reduce pain and/or improve other clinical outcomes in patients with arthritis. Six databases were searched systematically (24 February 2015). We included randomized trials of oral supplements of all marine oils compared with a control in arthritis patients. The internal validity was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and heterogeneity was explored using restricted maximum of likelihood (REML)-based meta-regression analysis. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to rate the overall quality of the evidence. Forty-two trials were included; 30 trials reported complete data on pain. The standardized mean difference (SMD) suggested a favorable effect (-0.24; 95% confidence interval, CI, -0.42 to -0.07; heterogeneity, I² = 63%. A significant effect was found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (22 trials; -0.21; 95% CI, -0.42 to -0.004) and other or mixed diagnoses (3 trials; -0.63; 95% CI, -1.20 to -0.06), but not in osteoarthritis patients (5 trials; -0.17; 95% CI, -0.57-0.24). The evidence for using marine oil to alleviate pain in arthritis patients was overall of low quality, but of moderate quality in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninna K Senftleber
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Copenhagen F, Denmark.
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 FC Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sabrina M Nielsen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Copenhagen F, Denmark.
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 FC Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens R Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 FC Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henning Bliddal
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Copenhagen F, Denmark.
| | - Simon Tarp
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Copenhagen F, Denmark.
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 FC Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Daniel E Furst
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | | - Anne Lyddiatt
- Musculoskeletal Group, Cochrane Collaboration, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Robin Christensen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Copenhagen F, Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg
| | | | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen
- Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Thapa S, Berg-Beckhoff G, Lauritzen L. Methyl mercury exposure in children cognitive development due to prenatal intake of fish. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw170.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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50
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Damsgaard CT, Lauritzen L, Hauger H, Vuholm S, Teisen MN, Ritz C, Hansen M, Niclasen J, Mølgaard C. Effects of oily fish intake on cardiovascular risk markers, cognitive function, and behavior in school-aged children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:510. [PMID: 27769289 PMCID: PMC5073969 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most children in Western populations do not meet recommendations for fish consumption. Oily fish is an important source of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), which reduce blood pressure and plasma triacylglycerol in adults and may affect cognitive development and behavior. However, to our knowledge, the potential effects of oily fish on cardiometabolic health, cognitive function, and behavior in children have not been investigated. The aim of the FiSK Junior study is to investigate the effects of oily fish consumption on cardiovascular risk markers, cognitive function, and behavior in healthy children. METHODS/DESIGN We are conducting a randomized controlled trial with 8- to 9-year-old Danish children, comparing the effect of consuming 300 g/week of oily fish with poultry (control) for 12 weeks between August 2016 and June 2017. The primary outcomes are blood pressure and fasting plasma triacylglycerol, which will be measured at baseline and endpoint. In addition, we will assess erythrocyte fatty acid composition (compliance), heart rate, plasma cholesterol, markers of glucose homeostasis, growth and body composition, dietary intake, and physical activity and sleep. We will also examine effects on cognitive function (attention, memory, and executive functions) by using standardized tests, behavior and emotions by administering parent-rated questionnaires and child interviews, and we will measure physiological stress response and cortisol levels. We need 150 children to complete the trial to detect a between-groups difference of 2.7 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure and 0.13 mmol/L in plasma triacylglycerol; thus, we aim to recruit 200 children. All outcomes will be analyzed in completer analysis supplemented with sensitivity analyses for the primary outcomes, and attention will be given to potential sex and genotype specificity. DISCUSSION The results of the FiSK Junior study are expected to fill important gaps in the current knowledge about the importance of dietary fish and n-3 LCPUFA for children's health and development, and may be used when setting dietary recommendations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02809508 . Registered on 22 June 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla T. Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hanne Hauger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stine Vuholm
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marie N. Teisen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Max Hansen
- Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Janni Niclasen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Collaborative Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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