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Sahoo M, Mitra M, Pal S. Improved Detection of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration from Optical Coherence Tomography Images using Adaptive Window Based Feature Extraction and Weighted Ensemble Based Classification Approach. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023:103629. [PMID: 37244451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which affects the older population, can lead to blindness when left untreated. Preventing vision loss in elderly needs early identification. Dry-AMD diagnosis is still time-consuming and very subjective, depending on the ophthalmologist. Setting up a thorough eye-screening system to find Dry-AMD is a very difficult task. METHODOLOGY This study aims to develop a weighted majority voting (WMV) ensemble-based prediction model to diagnose Dry-AMD. The WMV approach combines the predictions from base-classifiers and chooses the class with greatest vote based on assigned weights to each classifier. A novel feature extraction method is used along the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer, with the number of windows calculated for each picture playing an important part in identifying Dry-AMD/normal images using the WMV methodology. Pre-processing using hybrid-median filter followed by scale-invariant feature transform based segmentation of RPE layer and curvature flattening of retina is employed to measure exact thickness of RPE layer. RESULT The proposed model is trained on 70% of the OCT image database (OCTID) and evaluated on remaining OCTID and SD-OCT Noor dataset. Model has achieved accuracy of 96.15% and 96.94%, respectively. The suggested algorithm's effectiveness in Dry-AMD identification is demonstrated by comparison with alternative approaches. Even though the suggested model is only trained on the OCTID, it has performed well when tested on additional dataset. CONCLUSION The suggested architecture can be used for quick eye-screening for early identification of Dry-AMD. The recommended method may be applied in real-time since it requires fewer complexity and learning-variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Sahoo
- Department of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Madhuchhanda Mitra
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Pal
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Sahoo M, Ghorai S, Mitra M, Pal S. Improved detection accuracy of red lesions in retinal fundus images with superlearning approach. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103351. [PMID: 36849089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a serious consequence of diabetes that can result to permanent vision loss for a person. Diabetes-related vision impairment can be significantly avoided with timely screening and treatment in its initial phase. The earliest and the most noticeable indications on the surface of the retina are micro-aneurysm and haemorrhage, which appear as dark patches. Therefore, the automatic detection of retinopathy begins with the identification of all these dark lesions. METHOD In our study, we have developed a clinical knowledge based segmentation built on Early Treatment DR Study (ETDRS). ETDRS is a gold standard for identifying all red lesions using adaptive-thresholding approach followed by different pre-processing steps. The lesions are classified using super-learning approach to improve multi-class detection accuracy. Ensemble based super-learning approach finds optimal weights of base learners by minimizing the cross validated risk-function and it pledges the improved performance compared to base-learners predictions. For multi-class classification, a well informative feature-set based on colour, intensity, shape, size and texture, is developed. In this work, we have handled the data imbalance problem and compared the final accuracy with different synthetic data creation ratios. RESULT The suggested approach uses publicly available resources to perform quantitative assessments at lesions-level. The overall accuracy of red lesion segregation is 93.5%, which has increased to 97.88% when data imbalance problem is taken care-off. CONCLUSION The results of our system have achieved competitive performance compared with other modern approaches and handling of data imbalance further increases the performance of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Sahoo
- Department of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Santanu Ghorai
- Department of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Madhuchhanda Mitra
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Pal
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Chakraborty S, Chatterjee D, Golui S, Mitra M, Pal S. Effect of facial expression in face biometry for a multimodal approach. IJBM 2023. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbm.2023.127728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sarkar S, Bhattacherjee S, Bhattacharyya P, Mitra M, Pal S. Automatic identification of asthma from ECG derived respiration using complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and principal component analysis. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Mangarule S, Palkar S, Mitra M, Ravi MD, Singh R, Moureau A, Jayanth MV, Patel DM, Ravinuthala S, Patnaik BN, Jordanov E, Noriega F. Antibody persistence following administration of a hexavalent DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T vaccine versus separate DTwP-HB-PRP∼T and IPV vaccines at 12-24 months of age and safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T in healthy infants in India. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100190. [PMID: 35899104 PMCID: PMC9309395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Mangarule S, Palkar S, Mitra M, Ravi M, Dubey A, Moureau A, Jayanth M, Patel D, Ravinuthala S, Jagga S, Patnaik B, Jordanov E, Noriega F. Safety and immunogenicity of a hexavalent DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T vaccine versus separate DTwP-HB-PRP∼T and IPV vaccines in healthy infants in India. Vaccine X 2022; 10:100137. [PMID: 35462885 PMCID: PMC9019696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multivalent vaccines containing whole-cell pertussis (wP) antigens combined with established diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), hepatitis B (HB), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and inactivated poliomyelitis (IPV) antigens allow the provision of a high-quality, affordable DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T vaccine. Methods Phase I/II, randomized, active-controlled, open-label study in healthy toddlers (Cohort I) and infants (Cohort II). Toddlers in Cohort I who had completed primary series D, T, P, HB, Hib, and polio vaccination received a booster dose of DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T (N = 30) or DTwP-HB-PRP∼T + IPV (N = 15) vaccines at 15–18 months of age. After satisfactory review of safety data in Cohort I, infants in Cohort II received DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T (N = 100) or DTwP-HB-PRP∼T + IPV (N = 50) at 6–8, 10–12, and 14–16 weeks of age. All infants in Cohort II had received previous oral polio and HB vaccines per country recommendations. Results Booster and primary series vaccinations were well tolerated with no clinically significant differences between vaccine groups. Most adverse events were mild and resolved spontaneously; there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events and no deaths. In both vaccine groups, anti-D, anti-T, anti-HB, anti-Hib, and anti-polio 1, 2, and 3 seroprotection was 100% post-booster and post-primary series. For the pertussis antigens, booster response rate was > 86% in both groups. For the primary series, vaccine response rate was slightly higher for DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T than DTwP-HB-PRP∼T + IPV for anti-PT (80.2% and 70.8%) and anti-FHA (81.3% and 68.8%), slightly lower for anti-PRN (72.5% and 81.3%), and similar in each group for anti-FIM (95.6% and 97.9%). Conclusions This study demonstrated a good safety and immunogenicity profile of the hexavalent DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T vaccine for infant primary series vaccination at 6–8, 10–12, and 14–16 weeks of age and booster vaccination at 15–18 months of age and supported progression to the next development phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mangarule
- Sanofi Healthcare India Private Ltd (SHIPL), Hyderabad, India
- Corresponding author at: Sanofi Healthcare India Private Ltd (SHIPL), Vasantha Chambers, 5-10-173 Fateh Maidan Road, Hyderabad, 500004 Telangana, India.
| | - S. Palkar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - M. Mitra
- Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - M.D. Ravi
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - A.P. Dubey
- Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | | | - M.V. Jayanth
- Sanofi Healthcare India Private Ltd (SHIPL), Hyderabad, India
| | | | - S. Ravinuthala
- Sanofi Healthcare India Private Ltd (SHIPL), Hyderabad, India
| | - S.R. Jagga
- Sanofi Healthcare India Private Ltd (SHIPL), Hyderabad, India
| | - B.N. Patnaik
- Sanofi Healthcare India Private Ltd (SHIPL), Hyderabad, India
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Apte A, Shrivastava R, Sanghavi S, Mitra M, Ramanan PV, Chhatwal J, Jain S, Chowdhury J, Premkumar S, Kumar R, Palani A, Kaur G, Javadekar N, Kulkarni P, Macina D, Bavdekar A. Multicentric Hospital-Based Surveillance of Pertussis Amongst Infants Admitted in Tertiary Care Facilities in India. Indian Pediatr 2021; 58:709-717. [PMID: 34465657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the disease and economic burden of pertussis amongst hospitalised infants in India. DESIGN Multicentric hospital-based surveillance study. PARTICIPANTS Hospitalised infants with clinical suspicion of pertussis based on predefined criteria. OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of infants with laboratory-confirmed pertussis, economic burden of pertussis amongst hospitalised infants. RESULTS 693 clinically suspected infants were recruited of which 32 (4.62%) infants had laboratory-confirmed pertussis. Progressive cough with post-tussive emesis (50%) and pneumonia (34%) were the common clinical presentations; apnea in young infants was significantly associated with pertussis. Infants with pertussis were more likely to be younger (median age 102.5 days vs.157 days) and born preterm (42.9% vs 24.5%). Almost 30% infants with pertussis had not received vaccine for pertussis with 50% of these infants aged less than 2 months. Pertussis was associated with higher costs of hospitalisation, pharmacy and loss of working days by caregivers as compared to non-pertussis cases. CONCLUSIONS Younger infants, those born preterm and those inadequately immunised against pertussis are at higher risk of pertussis infection. Timely childhood immunisation and introduction of maternal immunisation for pertussis can help in reducing the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Apte
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - R Shrivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - S Sanghavi
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - M Mitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Heath, Kolkata, India
| | - P Venkat Ramanan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Chennai, India
| | - J Chhatwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - S Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - J Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Heath, Kolkata, India
| | - S Premkumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Chennai, India
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - A Palani
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Chennai, India
| | - G Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - N Javadekar
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - P Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | | | - A Bavdekar
- Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India. Correspondence to: Dr Ashish Bavdekar, Associate Professor, Consultant Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra 411 011.
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Apte A, Shrivastava R, Sanghavi S, Mitra M, Ramanan PV, Chhatwal J, Jain S, Chowdhury J, Premkumar S, Kumar R, Palani A, Kaur G, Javadekar N, Kulkarni P, Macina D, Bavdekar A. Multicentric Hospital-Based Surveillance of Pertussis Amongst Infants Admitted in Tertiary Care Facilities in India. Indian Pediatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Das S, Pal S, Mitra M. Acoustic feature based unsupervised approach of heart sound event detection. Comput Biol Med 2020; 126:103990. [PMID: 32987200 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper represents an unsupervised approach to detect the positions of S1, S2 heart sound events in a Phonocardiogram (PCG) recording. Insufficiency of correctly annotated heart sound database drives us to investigate unsupervised techniques. Gammatone filter bank features are used to characterize the spectral pattern of fundamental heart sound events from noise contaminated PCG data. An unsupervised spectral clustering technique is employed for segmentation of S1/S2 and non-S1/S2 heart sound events. A Feature winning score is computed to identify the S1/S2 and non-S1/S2 frames. Finally, time based threshold is applied to detect the accurate positions of S1 and S2 heart sounds. The performance of spectral clustering is compared with other clustering methods. The proposed method offers a maximum F1-score of 98% and 92.5% for normal and abnormal PCG data respectively on 2016 PhysioNet/CinC challenge dataset. The heart sound annotation algorithm provided by PhysioNet has been used as the ground truth after hand correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Das
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, 92APC Road, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Pal
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, 92APC Road, West Bengal, India
| | - Madhuchhanda Mitra
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, 92APC Road, West Bengal, India.
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Chakraborty A, Sadhukhan D, Pal S, Mitra M. Automated myocardial infarction identification based on interbeat variability analysis of the photoplethysmographic data. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Powell RM, Parish SL, Mitra M, Rosenthal E. Role of family caregivers regarding sexual and reproductive health for women and girls with intellectual disability: A scoping review. J Intellect Disabil Res 2020; 64:131-157. [PMID: 31808223 PMCID: PMC9016753 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While people with intellectual disability (ID) face disparities relating to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, little is known about the role of family caregivers who assist women and girls with ID access SRH services. This scoping review examined the findings of studies to elucidate the role of family caregivers with regard to SRH for women and girls with ID. METHOD We used Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage scoping framework, with Levac, Colquhoun and O'Brien's revisions, to evaluate identified sources. We searched three electronic databases, six ID journals and reference lists in full-text articles. Inclusion criteria included (1) primary and secondary source research studies in peer-reviewed journals; (2) published in English; (3) all research methodologies (i.e. qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods and systematic reviews or commentaries); (4) published between 2000 and 2016; and (5) studies from any country. RESULTS The search yielded 2062 studies; 57 articles met inclusion criteria. Most studies employed purposive, convenience or criterion sampling. Participants included people with ID, family caregivers, paid caregivers and health-care professionals. Findings were summarised thematically: (1) menstruation and menopause; (2) vaccinations and preventive screenings; (3) supporting sexuality and healthy relationships; (4) coordinating with health-care providers and (5) contraception and sterilisation. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this scoping review underscore the need for more and better-quality research, including how family caregivers assist women and girls with ID access perinatal and preventive SRH services and sexual abuse education. Family caregivers, women and girls with ID and health-care providers need increased access to information about SRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Powell
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - S L Parish
- The College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - M Mitra
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - E Rosenthal
- School Psychology, College of Education, Lehigh University Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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Pal S, Chakraborty S, Mitra M. Geometric retrieval algorithm-based ear biometry with occluded images. IJBM 2020. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbm.2020.10030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chakraborty S, Mitra M, Pal S. Geometric retrieval algorithm-based ear biometry with occluded images. IJBM 2020. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbm.2020.108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sarkar S, Bhattacharyya P, Mitra M, Pal S. A novel approach towards non-obstructive detection and classification of COPD using ECG derived respiration. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2019; 42:1011-1024. [PMID: 31602592 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-019-00800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The alarming rate of mortality and disability due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has become a serious health concern worldwide. The progressive nature of this disease makes it inevitable to detect this disease in its early stages, leads to a greater demand for developing non-obstructive and reliable technology for COPD detection. The use of highly patient-effort dependent, time-consuming, and expensive methods are some major inherent limitations of previous techniques. Lack of knowledge about the disease and inadequacy of proper diagnostic tool for early detection of COPD is another reason behind the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide. For this reason, this study aims to explore the utility of ECG Derived Respiration (EDR) for classification between COPD patients and normal healthy subjects as EDR can be easily extracted from ECG. ECG and respiration signals collected from 30 normal and 30 COPD subjects were analysed. Error calculation and statistical analysis were performed to observe the similarity between original respiration and EDR signal. The morphological pattern changes of respiration and EDR signals were analysed and three different features were extracted from those. Classification was performed by different classifiers employing Decision Tree, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Apart from obtaining comparable classification performance it was seen that EDR has better potential than the original respiration signal for classification of COPD from normal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surita Sarkar
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | | | - Madhuchhanda Mitra
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Saurabh Pal
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India.
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Akobirshoev I, Mitra M, Parish SL, Moore Simas TA, Dembo R, Ncube CN. Racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes and labour and delivery-related charges among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res 2019; 63:313-326. [PMID: 30576027 PMCID: PMC7271252 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the USA are bearing children at increasing rates. However, very little is known whether racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes and labour and delivery-related charges exist in this population. This study investigated racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes and labour and delivery-related charges among women with IDD. METHODS The study employed secondary analysis of the 2004-2011 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample, the largest all-payer, publicly available US inpatient healthcare database. Hierarchical mixed-effect logistic and linear regression models were used to compare the study outcomes. RESULTS We identified 2110 delivery-associated hospitalisations among women with IDD including 1275 among non-Hispanic White women, 527 among non-Hispanic Black women and 308 among Hispanic women. We found significant disparities in stillbirth among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women with IDD compared with their non-Hispanic White peers [odds ratio = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-5.28, P < 0.01 and odds ratio = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.08-5.92, P < 0.01, respectively]. There were no racial and ethnic disparities in caesarean delivery, preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age neonates among women with IDD. The average labour and delivery-related charges for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Women with IDD ($18 889 and $22 481, respectively) exceeded those for non-Hispanic White women with IDD ($14 886) by $4003 and $7595 or by 27% and 51%, respectively. The significant racial and ethnic differences in charges persisted even after controlling for a range of individual-level and institutional-level characteristics and were 6% (ln(β) = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.11, P < 0.05) and 9% (ln(β) = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03-0.14, P < 0.01) higher for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Women with IDD compared with non-Hispanic White women with IDD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need for an integrated approach to the delivery of comprehensive perinatal services for racial and ethnic minority women with IDD to reduce their risk of having a stillbirth. Additionally, further research is needed to examine the causes of racial and ethnic disparities in hospital charges for labour and delivery admission among women with IDD and ascertain whether price discrimination exists based on patients' racial or ethnic identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Akobirshoev
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - M Mitra
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - S L Parish
- Bouvé College of Health Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T A Moore Simas
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - R Dembo
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - C N Ncube
- Bouvé College of Health Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Darnton-Hill I, Sibanda F, Mitra M, Ali MM, Drexler AE, Rahman H, Khan MAS. Distribution of Vitamin-A Capsules for the Prevention and Control of Vitamin-A Deficiency in Bangladesh. Food Nutr Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/156482658801000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mitra M, Kulsi C, Kargupta K, Ganguly S, Banerjee D. Composite of polyaniline-bismuth selenide with enhanced thermoelectric performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mitra
- Department of Physics; Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology; Howrah 711103 India
| | - C. Kulsi
- Department of Physics; Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology; Howrah 711103 India
| | - K. Kargupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Jadavpur University; Kolkata 700032 India
| | - S. Ganguly
- Department of Chemical Engineering; BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus; Sancoale Goa 403726 India
| | - D. Banerjee
- Department of Physics; Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology; Howrah 711103 India
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Abstract
This paper introduces a noise robust real time heart rate detection system from electrocardiogram (ECG) data. An online data acquisition system is developed to collect ECG signals from human subjects. Heart rate is detected using window-based autocorrelation peak localisation technique. A low-cost Arduino UNO board is used to implement the complete automated process. The performance of the system is compared with PC-based heart rate detection technique. Accuracy of the system is validated through simulated noisy ECG data with various levels of signal to noise ratio (SNR). The mean percentage error of detected heart rate is found to be 0.72% for the noisy database with five different noise levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Das
- a Department of Applied Physics , University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Saurabh Pal
- a Department of Applied Physics , University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Madhuchhanda Mitra
- a Department of Applied Physics , University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
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Mitra M, Sen TN, Datta T, Bhattacharjee R, Singh LSK, Ghatak KP. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, Intense Electric Field, Heavily Doped Optoelectronic Quantized Structures and the Electron Statistics. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2017; 17:256-259. [PMID: 29620339 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2017.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we show that the direct application of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (HUP) leads to the expression of the electron statistics (ES) under extreme degeneracy and intense electric field in bulk, quantum wells, nano wires and in the presence of quantizing magnetic field in III–V, ternary and quaternary materials on the basis of a newly formulated electron dispersion laws without using the usual density-of-states (DOS) function approach for finding out the ES under different physical lattice matched to InP conditions. It appears taking HD InSb, InAs, Hg1−xCdxTe, In1−xGaxAsyP1−y as examples that the Fermi energy increases with increasing electron concentration and the surface electric field in all the cases. Besides the Fermi energy decreases with increasing alloy composition and film thickness in different manners which depend totally on the values of the energy band constants. The Fermi energy oscillates with inverse quantizing magnetic field due to SdH effect. We have also shown that under certain limiting conditions all our generalized results lead to the well known formulas as given in the literature.
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Das S, Pal S, Mitra M. Significance of Exhaled Breath Test in Clinical Diagnosis: A Special Focus on the Detection of Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Biol Eng 2016; 36:605-624. [PMID: 27853412 PMCID: PMC5083779 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from human exhaled breath can provide deep insight into the status of various biochemical processes in the human body. VOCs can serve as potential biomarkers of physiological and pathophysiological conditions related to several diseases. Breath VOC analysis, a noninvasive and quick biomonitoring approach, also has potential for the early detection and progress monitoring of several diseases. This paper gives an overview of the major VOCs present in human exhaled breath, possible biochemical pathways of breath VOC generation, diagnostic importance of their analysis, and analytical techniques used in the breath test. Breath analysis relating to diabetes mellitus and its characteristic breath biomarkers is focused on. Finally, some challenges and limitations of the breath test are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235 India
| | - Saurabh Pal
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009 India
| | - Madhuchhanda Mitra
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009 India
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Abstract
Non-invasive detection of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and Atrial Flutter (AFL) from ECG at the time of their onset can prevent forthcoming dangers for patients. In most of the previous detection algorithms, one of the steps includes filtering of the signal to remove noise and artefacts present in the signal. In this paper, a method of AF and AFL detection is proposed from ECG without the conventional filtering stage. Here Phase Rectified Signal Average (PRSA) technique is used with a novel optimized windowing method to achieve an averaged signal without quasi-periodicities. Both time domain and statistical features are extracted from a novel SQ concatenated section of the signal for non-linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) based classification. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested with the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database and good performance parameters are obtained, as indicated in the result section.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Maji
- Department of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology , Haldia , India and
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Chatterjee H, Mitra M, Gupta R. Real-time detection of electrocardiogram wave features using template matching and implementation in FPGA. IJBET 2015. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbet.2015.068112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mukhopadhyay SK, Mitra S, Mitra M. A combined application of lossless and lossy compression in ECG processing and transmission via GSM-based SMS. J Med Eng Technol 2014; 39:105-22. [PMID: 25534118 DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2014.990159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a software-based scheme for reliable and robust Electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression and its efficient transmission using Second Generation (2G) Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) based Short Message Service (SMS). To achieve a firm lossless compression in high standard deviating QRS complex regions and an acceptable lossy compression in the rest of the signal, two different algorithms have been used. The combined compression module is such that it outputs only American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters and, hence, SMS service is found to be most suitable for transmitting the compressed signal. At the receiving end, the ECG signal is reconstructed using just the reverse algorithm. The module has been tested to all the 12 leads of different types of ECG signals (healthy and abnormal) collected from the PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. The compression algorithm achieves an average compression ratio of ∼22.51, without any major alteration of clinical morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Technology, University of Calcutta , 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata , India and
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Pagliaroli G, Lujan-Peschard C, Mitra M, Vissani F. Using low-energy neutrinos from pion decay at rest to probe the proton strangeness. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:022001. [PMID: 23889387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study of the neutral current elastic scattering of neutrinos on protons at lower energies can be used as a compelling probe to improve our knowledge of the strangeness of the proton. We consider a neutrino beam generated from pion decay at rest, as provided by a cyclotron or a spallation neutron source and a 1 kton scintillating detector with a potential similar to the Borexino detector. Despite several backgrounds from solar and radioactive sources, it is possible to estimate two optimal energy windows for the analysis, one between 0.65 and 1.1 MeV and another between 1.73 and 2.2 MeV. The expected number of neutral current events in these two regions, for an exposure of 1 yr, is enough to obtain an error on the strange axial charge 10 times smaller than available at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pagliaroli
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, INFN, Assergi, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Gupta R, Bera JN, Mitra M. An intelligent telecardiology system for offline wireless transmission and remote analysis of ECG. J Med Eng Technol 2012; 36:358-65. [DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2012.712200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mukhopadhyay SK, Mitra M, Mitra S. ECG feature extraction using differentiation, Hilbert transform, variable threshold and slope reversal approach. J Med Eng Technol 2012; 36:372-86. [DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2012.713438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mitra M, Taraphder S, Sonawane GS, Verma A. Nucleotide Sequencing and SNP Detection of Toll-Like Receptor-4 Gene in Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). ISRN Mol Biol 2012; 2012:659513. [PMID: 27398236 PMCID: PMC4908255 DOI: 10.5402/2012/659513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) has an important pattern recognition receptor that recognizes endotoxins associated with gram negative bacterial infections. The present investigation was carried out to study nucleotide sequencing and SNP detection by PCR-RFLP analysis of the TLR-4 gene in Murrah buffalo. Genomic DNA was isolated from 102 lactating Murrah buffalo from NDRI herd. The amplified PCR fragments of TLR-4 comprised of exon 1, exon 2, exon 3.1, and exon 3.2 were examined to RFLP. PCR products were obtained with sizes of 165, 300, 478, and 409 bp. TLR-4 gene of investigated Murrah buffaloes was highly polymorphic with AA, AB, and BB genotypes as revealed by PCR-RFLP analysis using Dra I, Hae III, and Hinf I REs. Nucleotide sequencing of the amplified fragment of TLR-4 gene of Murrah buffalo was done. Twelve SNPs were identified. Six SNPs were nonsynonymous resulting in change in amino acids. Murrah is an indigenous Buffalo breed and the presence of the nonsynonymous SNP is indicative of its unique genomic architecture. Sequence alignment and homology across species using BLAST analysis revealed 97%, 97%, 99%, 98%, and 80% sequence homology with Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, and Homo sapiens, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mitra
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37768 Kshudiram Bose Sarani, West Bengal, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - S. Taraphder
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37768 Kshudiram Bose Sarani, West Bengal, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - G. S. Sonawane
- Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, NDRI, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - A. Verma
- Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, NDRI, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
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Pal S, Mitra M. Empirical mode decomposition based ECG enhancement and QRS detection. Comput Biol Med 2011; 42:83-92. [PMID: 22119222 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper an Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) based ECG signal enhancement and QRS detection algorithm is proposed. Being a non-invasive measurement, ECG is prone to various high and low frequency noises causing baseline wander and power line interference, which act as a source of error in QRS and other feature extraction. EMD is a fully adaptive signal decomposition technique that generates Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) as decomposition output. Here, first baseline wander is corrected by selective reconstruction based slope minimization technique from IMFs and then high frequency noise is removed by eliminating a noisy set of lower order IMFs with a statistical peak correction as high frequency noise elimination is accompanied by peak deformation of sharp characteristic waves. Then a set of IMFs are selected that represents QRS region and a nonlinear transformation is done for QRS enhancement. This improves detection accuracy, which is represented in the result section. Thus in this method a single fold processing of each signal is required unlike other conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pal
- Department of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Chatterjee H, Gupta R, Mitra M. A statistical approach for determination of time plane features from digitized ECG. Comput Biol Med 2011; 41:278-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Narola B, Singh AS, Mitra M, Santhakumar PR, Chandrashekhar TG. A validated reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of disodium EDTA in meropenem drug substance with UV-detection using precolumn derivatization technique. Anal Chem Insights 2011; 6:7-14. [PMID: 21760705 PMCID: PMC3074208 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s5953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of disodium EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) in Meropenem active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). EDTA was derivatized with Ferric chloride solution by heating at 70 °C in water bath for about 20 minutes and the chromatographic separation achieved by injecting 100 μL of the derivatized mixture into a Waters HPLC system with photodiode array detector using a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) column (250 × 4.6 mm), 5 μ. The mobile phase consisting of 5% methanol and 95% of 0.7 g/L solution of Tetra butyl ammonium bromide and 4.6 g/L solution of sodium acetate trihydrate in water (pH adjusted to 4.0 with the help of acetic acid glacial) and a flow rate of 1 milliliter/minute. EDTA eluted at approximately 6 minutes. The method was suitably validated with respect to specificity, linearity of response, precision, accuracy, ruggedness, stability in analytical solution, limit of quantitation and detection and robustness for its intended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavil Narola
- Ranbaxy Research Laboratories, Plot No 20, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Complex, Gurgaon-122001, Haryana, India.
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Gooding KM, Tooke JE, von Lany H, Mitra M, Ling R, Ball CI, Mawson D, Skinner K, Shore AC. Capillary pressure may predict preclinical changes in the eye. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2029-35. [PMID: 20526763 PMCID: PMC2910883 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Microvascular dysfunction is associated with end-organ damage. Macular oedema is an important component of diabetic retinopathy. Macular thickness can be accurately quantified by optical coherence tomography (OCT), enabling accurate assessment of the macular prior to clinically apparent abnormalities. We investigated whether macular (fovea) thickness in non-diabetic individuals is related to the microvascular variables controlling fluid filtration across a blood vessel wall, in particular capillary pressure and the microvascular filtration capacity (Kf). METHODS We recruited 50 non-diabetic individuals (25 men, 25 women; age range: 26-78 years; BMI range: 20-46 kg/m(2)). Fovea thickness was assessed by OCT. Microvascular assessments included: finger nailfold capillary pressure; Kf; microvascular structural assessments, i.e. skin vasodilatory capacity, minimum vascular resistance (MVR) and microvascular distensibility; and endothelial function. RESULTS At 214.6 (19.9) microm (mean [SD]), fovea thickness was within normal range. Capillary pressure, adjusted for BMI, was associated with fovea thickness (standardised beta 0.573, p = 0.006, linear regression). Fovea thickness was not associated with Kf, microvascular structural assessments or endothelial function. Capillary pressure was still associated with fovea thickness when adjusted for microvascular variables (Kf, vasodilatory capacity, MVR, microvascular distensibility or endothelial function), or for risk factors for diabetes (systemic blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, glycaemic status and lipids) and age. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Capillary pressure, a key determinant of movement of fluid across a blood vessel wall, is associated with fovea thickness in non-diabetic individuals. This suggests that with regard to potential preventative or therapeutic targets, attention should be directed at the mechanisms determining retinal microvascular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Gooding
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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Piccirillo G, Magrì D, Mitra M, Rufa A, Zicari E, Stromillo ML, De Stefano N, Dotti MT. Increased QT variability in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:1216-21. [PMID: 18803652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although sudden death (SD) accounts for numerous cases of premature mortality in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the risk factors responsible for this dramatic event remain unclear. We sought possible differences in the QT variability index (QTVI) -- a well-known index of temporal dispersion in myocardial repolarization strongly associated with the risk of SD -- between a group of patients with CADASIL and healthy controls. METHODS A total of 13 patients with CADASIL and 13 healthy volunteers underwent a 5-min electrocardiogram recording to calculate the QTVI. All the patients also underwent a clinical assessment, including functional status by Rankin score, and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan for quantitative analysis of T2-weighted (T2-W) and T1-weighted (T1-W) lesion volume (LV). RESULTS Short-term QT-interval analysis showed significantly higher QTVI (P = 0.029) in patients than in controls. In patients, notwithstanding the limitations of the small sample size, QTVI also well correlated with T1-W LV (r = 0.747, P = 0.003) and T2-W LV (r = 0.731, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Because patients with CADASIL have increased temporal cardiac repolarization variability as assessed by QTVI, this mechanism could underlie these patients' risk of SD. Whether this easily assessed, non-invasive marker could be used to stratify the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with CADASIL and, possibly, to guide their therapeutic management warrants confirmation from larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Piccirillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Policlinico Umberto I, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Spiteri A, Mitra M, Menon G, Casini A, Adams D, Ricketts C, Hickling P, Fuller ET, Fuller JR. Tear lipid layer thickness and ocular comfort with a novel device in dry eye patients with and without Sjögren's syndrome. J Fr Ophtalmol 2007; 30:357-64. [PMID: 17486027 DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(07)89605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To measure changes in tear-film lipid-layer thickness (LLT) and symptoms in patients with dry eye symptoms with and without Sjögren's syndrome after using a novel device. The device is designed to promote release of meibomian sebum into the tear film by delivering latent heat to the eyelids. STUDY DESIGN Two prospective, controlled, randomised, observer-masked, single-intervention studies. METHODS Two independent studies were conducted in a major university hospital in the South West of England. The first study involved 24 patients with dry eye symptoms without Sjögren's [the PDE study] and the second study involved 31 patients with dry eye symptoms and Sjögren's syndrome (the SS study). The PDE study was randomised into two groups. Group I (12 patients) underwent 10 min of treatment with the activated device and Group II (12 patients) had no treatment. The SS study was similarly randomised into Group I (17 patients) and Group II (14 patients). The LLT and subjective alterations in ocular comfort of each subject were assessed prior and immediately after 5 and 30 min subsequent to the 10-min period. In the SS study, a further assessment was carried out at 60 min. RESULTS In the PDE study, treated patients exhibited a bilateral increase of LLT at 5 min (right eyes, 1.2 levels, p<0.0005; left eyes, 1.0 levels, p<0.0005, Mann-Whitney) and at 30 min (right eyes, 0.7 levels, p<0.005; left eyes, 0.6 levels, p<0.005). Mean symptom scores improved in the treated group compared with the control group at 5 min (treatment group, +2.0; control group, +0.2; p<0.05) and 30 min (treatment group, +2.8; control group, +0.4; p<0.015). In the SS study, treated patients exhibited a bilateral increase of LLT, 5 min (right eyes, 0.5 levels, p<0.009; left eyes, 0.5 levels, p<0.005, Monte Carlo 2-tailed), 30 min (right eyes, 0.5 levels, p<0.007; left eyes 0.5 levels, p<0.002) and 60 min (right eyes, 0.3 levels, p<0.1; left eyes, 0.3 levels, p<0.05). There was no change in any of the control patients in any of the assessments. With regard to symptom scores, the mean change at 5 min measured +0.8 in the treatment group and remained relatively unchanged at +0.1 in the control group (p<0.1). At 30 min, this change measured +1.3 in the treatment group and +0.1 in the control group (p<0.03) and at 60 min, the change measured +1.5 in the treatment group and remained at +0.1 in the control group (p<0.02). CONCLUSION Meibomian therapy with this novel device increases LLT and ocular comfort in patients with dry eye symptoms with and without Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spiteri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Eye Infirmary, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
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Mitra S, Bera J, Mitra M, Sengupta S, Chaudhury BBR. Wireless Communication based Portable Telecardiology System for Rural Health Care. IETE Technical Review 2006; 23:277-282. [DOI: 10.1080/02564602.2006.11657955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Abstract
In this paper, a model for composite beam with embedded de-lamination is developed using the wavelet based spectral finite element (WSFE) method particularly for damage detection using wave propagation analysis. The simulated responses are used as surrogate experimental results for the inverse problem of detection of damage using wavelet filtering. The WSFE technique is very similar to the fast fourier transform (FFT) based spectral finite element (FSFE) except that it uses compactly supported Daubechies scaling function approximation in time. Unlike FSFE formulation with periodicity assumption, the wavelet-based method allows imposition of initial values and thus is free from wrap around problems. This helps in analysis of finite length undamped structures, where the FSFE method fails to simulate accurate response. First, numerical experiments are performed to study the effect of de-lamination on the wave propagation characteristics. The responses are simulated for different de-lamination configurations for both broad-band and narrow-band excitations. Next, simulated responses are used for damage detection using wavelet analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitra
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012, India
| | - S Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012, India
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Mitra M, Menon GJ, Casini A, Hamada S, Adams D, Ricketts C, Fuller ET, Fuller JR. Tear film lipid layer thickness and ocular comfort after meibomian therapy via latent heat with a novel device in normal subjects. Eye (Lond) 2005; 19:657-60. [PMID: 15332095 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study measures changes in tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) and ocular comfort in normal subjects after 10 min use of a novel device, which delivers meibomian therapy with latent heat. The device is designed to promote the release of meibomian sebum into the tear film by delivering latent heat to the eyelids, thus thickening the lipid layer. Normal lid movements are maintained, facilitating resurfacing of the tear film. METHOD A prospective, controlled, observer masked, single intervention trial in which 24 normal subjects were randomised into three groups. Group I underwent 10 min treatment with the activated device, Group II used the inactivated device for the same duration of time, and Group III had no intervention. The LLT of each subject was measured with a Keeler Tearscope prior and subsequent to the 10-min period. Subjective alteration in ocular comfort was also assessed. RESULTS Seven of eight subjects (87.5%) in Group I exhibited an increase in LLT. The mean LLT in this group showed a statistically significant increase (left eyes 1.0 levels, P<0.001, right eyes 0.9 levels, P<0.003) compared to Groups II and III. Six of eight subjects (75%) using the activated device experienced subjective improvement in ocular comfort. CONCLUSION Meibomian therapy with this device increases LLT in normal individuals. This implies a more stable tear film, reflected in subjective improvement in ocular comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Eye Infirmary, Plymouth PL4 6PL, UK
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Sengupta S, Farheen S, Mukherjee N, Dey B, Mukhopadhyay B, Sil SK, Prabhakaran N, Ramesh A, Edwin D, Usha Rani MV, Mitra M, Mahadik CT, Singh S, Sehgal SC, Majumder PP. DNA sequence variation and haplotype structure of the ICAM1 and TNF genes in 12 ethnic groups of India reveal patterns of importance in designing association studies. Ann Hum Genet 2005; 68:574-87. [PMID: 15598216 DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the patterns of DNA sequence variation in and around the genes coding for ICAM1 and TNF, which play functional and correlated roles in inflammatory processes and immune cell responses, in 12 diverse ethnic groups of India. We aimed to (a) quantify the nature and extent of the variation, and (b) analyse the observed patterns of variation in relation to population history and ethnic background. At the ICAM1 and TNF loci, respectively, the total numbers of SNPs that were detected were 28 and 12. Many of these SNPs are not shared across ethnic groups and are unreported in the dbSNP or TSC databases, including two fairly common non-synonymous SNPs at positions 13487 and 13542 in the ICAM1 gene. Conversely, the TNF-376A SNP that is reported to be associated with susceptibility to malaria was not found in our study populations, even though some of the populations inhabit malaria endemic areas. Wide between-population variation in the frequencies of shared SNPs and coefficients of linkage disequilibrium have been observed. These findings have profound implications in case-control association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sengupta
- Anthropology & Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
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Mitra S, Mitra M, Chaudhuri BB. Generation of digital time database from paper ECG records and Fourier transform-based analysis for disease identification. Comput Biol Med 2005; 34:551-60. [PMID: 15369707 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Accepted: 08/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
ECG signals recorded on paper are transferred to the digital time database with the help of an automated data extraction system developed here. A flatbed scanner is used to form an image database of each 12-lead ECG signal. Those images are then fed into a Pentium PC having a system to extract pixel-to-pixel co-ordinate information to form a raw database with the help of some image processing techniques. These raw data are then ported to the regeneration domain of the system to check the captured pattern with the original wave shape. The sampling period of each ECG signal is computed after detection of QRS complex. Finally, discrete Fourier transform of the generated database is performed to observe the frequency response properties of every ECG signal. Some interesting amplitude properties of monopolar chest lead V4 and V6 are noticed which are stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Mitra
- Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B.T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India.
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Mitra S, Mitra M, Chaudhuri BB. Frequency-plane analysis of normal and pathological ECG signals for disease identification. J Med Eng Technol 2005; 29:219-27. [PMID: 16126582 DOI: 10.1080/03091900412331308698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a frequency plane analysis of both normal and diseased ECG signals is performed specifically for disease identification. Image processing techniques are used to develop an automated data acquisition package of 12 lead ECG signals from paper records. A regeneration domain is also developed to check the captured pattern with the original wave shape. A QRS complex detector with an accuracy level approximately 98.4% in up to 30% signal to noise level is developed. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is performed to obtain the frequency spectrum of every ECG signal. Some interesting amplitude and phase response properties of chest lead V2, V3, V4, V6 and limb lead I, II, III, AVL, AVF are seen. Both amplitude and phase properties are different for normal and diseased subjects and can serve an important role in disease identification. A statistical analysis of amplitude property is carried out to show that this property is significantly different for normal and diseased subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mitra
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata, - 700 009, India.
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Mitra M, Pramanik AK, Bhattacharyya HM, Basak DK, Chatterjee A, Roy P. Spontaneous colibacillosis in infectious bursal disease-affected broiler flocks. Trop Anim Health Prod 2004; 36:627-32. [PMID: 15563022 DOI: 10.1023/b:trop.0000042861.94702.4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Mitra
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Abstract
A software based normalized ECG data acquisition system is developed for both normal and abnormal ECG records. This system can transfer wave data recorded on paper to the digital time database. A flatbed scanner is used to form an image database of each 12 lead ECG signal. These TIF formatted gray tone images are then converted into two tone binary images with the help of histogram analysis. Smearing runlength technique is used to remove the vertical and horizontal line segments of graphical papers. Thinning algorithm is applied to each image to obtain the skeleton (1 pixel representation) of each image, which is essential to avoid excess data points in the database. After extracting pixel to pixel co-ordinate information of images of each of the signal of 12 lead ECG records, the data are sorted to regenerate the signal. From standard deviation of the database a graphical analysis is performed to examine the consistency of our database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Mitra
- Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B.T. Road, Kolkata 700 035, India.
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Mitra M, Kumar PV, Ghosh R, Bharati P. Growth pattern of the Kamars--a primitive tribe of Chhattisgarh, India. Coll Antropol 2002; 26:485-99. [PMID: 12528272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
A cross sectional study of the physical growth status was made on 655 Kamar children (341 boys and 314 girls), aged 5 to 18 years, in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. The study aimed to find out the growth pattern of the Kamar children, which is considered to be a primitive tribe of Chhattisgarh, India and was compared with another Indian tribe and the official data for all India (ICMR). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, sitting height, biacromial diameter, biilliocrystal diameter, upper arm circumference, calf circumference and measurements of the triceps and subscapular skinfolds. All anthropometric measurements except skinfold thickness exhibit uniform increase with age in both sexes. However, when height and weight of the Kamar boys and girls were compared with the data for other tribes and for all India, the Kamar children (both boys and girls) indicated lower weight and height and the difference showed to be significant, for almost all ages. Kamar boys showed higher anthropometric values than girls in almost all measurements except in biilliocrystal diameter and in measured skinfolds. Poor socio-economic status of this primitive tribe may be one of the reasons for this poor growth pattern. However, in-depth study is necessary in order to arrive at any basic conclusions and to recommend any policy and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitra
- Department of Anthropology, Ravishankar University, Raipur, India
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitra
- Royal Halifax Infirmary, Halifax HX1 2YP
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Roychoudhury S, Roy S, Basu A, Banerjee R, Vishwanathan H, Usha Rani MV, Sil SK, Mitra M, Majumder PP. Genomic structures and population histories of linguistically distinct tribal groups of India. Hum Genet 2001; 109:339-50. [PMID: 11702215 DOI: 10.1007/s004390100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2001] [Accepted: 07/03/2001] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There are various conflicting hypotheses regarding the origins of the tribal groups of India, who belong to three major language groups--Austro-Asiatic, Dravidian and Tibeto-Burman. To test some of the major hypotheses we designed a genetic study in which we sampled tribal populations belonging to all the three language groups. We used a set of autosomal DNA markers, mtDNA restriction-site polymorphisms (RSPs) and mtDNA hypervariable segment-1 (HVS-1) sequence polymorphisms in this study. Using the unlinked autosomal markers we found that there is a fair correspondence between linguistic and genomic affinities among the Indian tribal groups. We reconstructed mtDNA RSP haplotypes and found that there is extensive haplotype sharing among all tribal populations. However, there is very little sharing of mtDNA HVS-1 sequences across populations, and none across language groups. Haplogroup M is ubiquitous, and the subcluster U2i of haplogroup U occurs in a high frequency. Our analyses of haplogroup and HVS-1 sequence data provides evidence in support of the hypothesis that the Austro-Asiatic speakers are the most ancient inhabitants of India. Our data also support the earlier finding that some of the western Eurasian haplogroups found in India may have been present in India prior to the entry of Aryan speakers. However, we do not find compelling evidence to support the theory that haplogroup M was brought into India on an "out of Africa" wave of migration through a southern exit route from Ethiopia. On the contrary, our data raise the possibility that this haplogroup arose in India and was later carried to East Africa from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roychoudhury
- Human Genetics and Genomics Department, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta, India
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Narain S, Mitra M, Barton RC, Evans EG, Hutchinson C. Post-traumatic fungal keratitis caused by Absidia corymbifera, with successful medical treatment. Eye (Lond) 2001; 15:352-3. [PMID: 11450745 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2001.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Mitra M, Wanamaker CP, Green WN. Rearrangement of nicotinic receptor alpha subunits during formation of the ligand binding sites. J Neurosci 2001; 21:3000-8. [PMID: 11312284 PMCID: PMC6762547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are pentamers that contain two alpha subunits a beta, gamma (or epsilon), and delta subunit. In this paper, we have characterized subunit processing and folding events leading to formation of the two AChR ligand binding sites. alpha subunit residues, 187-199, which are part of overlapping ACh and alpha-bungarotoxin (Bgt) binding sites on AChRs, were assayed using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for these residues. We found that this region was inaccessible to the mAb early during AChR assembly but became accessible as the first of two Bgt binding sites formed later during assembly, indicating that the region changes conformation as the Bgt binding site appears. Without previous reduction, 20% of the alpha subunits could be alkylated by bromoacetylcholine bromide as the first ACh binding site formed, which further indicated that the disulfide bond between cysteines 192 and 193 does not form until the first ACh binding site appears soon after Bgt binding site formation. When alpha subunits were mutated to add a glycosylation site at residue 187, the number of Bgt binding sites increased threefold, AChRs assembled more efficiently, and 2.5-fold more AChRs reached the cell surface. Our results indicate that binding site formation involves a rate-limiting rearrangement of the alpha subunit that exposes the 187-199 region to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and determines when cysteines 192 and 193 disulfide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitra
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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